® 1Q 2011 Earnings Presentation April 19, 2011 www.ibm.com/investor Forward Looking Statements and Non-GAAP Information Certain comments made in this presentation may be characterized as forward looking under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on the company's current assumptions regarding future business and financial performance. Those statements by their nature address matters that are uncertain to different degrees. Those statements involve a number of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. Additional information concerning these factors is contained in the Company's filings with the SEC. Copies are available from the SEC, from the IBM web site, or from IBM Investor Relations. Any forward-looking statement made during this presentation speaks only as of the date on which it is made. The company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. These charts and the associated remarks and comments are integrally related, and are intended to be presented and understood together. In an effort to provide additional and useful information regarding the company’s financial results and other financial information as determined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the company also discusses, in its earnings press release and earnings presentation materials, certain non-GAAP information including "operating earnings" and other "operating" financial measures. The rationale for management’s use of this non-GAAP information, the reconciliation of that information to GAAP, and other related information are included in supplementary materials entitled “Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials” that are posted on the Company’s investor relations web site at http://www.ibm.com/investor/1q11/ The Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials are also included as Attachment II to the Company’s Form 8-K dated April 19, 2011. www.ibm.com/investor 2 1Q 2011 Highlights Revenue $24.6B +8%, 5% yr/yr @CC Operating (Non-GAAP) EPS $2.41 +21% yr/yr ¾ 8% revenue growth driven by: • Double-digit growth in every hardware platform • Software growth of 10% excluding PLM • Outsourcing growth of 7% ¾ Momentum in growth initiatives • Growth markets +12% yr/yr @CC • Cloud revenue 5X yr/yr • Business analytics +20% yr/yr • Smarter Planet +20% yr/yr ¾ Continued margin expansion ¾ Returned $5B to shareholders Increasing 2011 Operating (Non-GAAP) EPS expectations to at least $13.15 www.ibm.com/investor 3 Key Financial Metrics $ in Billions, except EPS P&L Highlights Revenue 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr $24.6 8% @CC 5% P&L Ratios (Operating) 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr GP Margin 44.5% 0.8 pts PTI Margin 16.2% 0.6 pts PTI – Operating $4.0 12% NI Margin 12.1% 0.6 pts EPS – Operating $2.41 21% Tax Rate 25.0% 0.8 pts Cash Highlights 1Q11 Last 12 Mos. $0.8 $15.7 Share Repurchase 4.0 15.4 Dividends 0.8 3.3 Free Cash Flow (excl GF Receivables) Cash Balance @ Mar. 31 13.2 www.ibm.com/investor 4 Revenue by Geography $ in Billions Americas 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr Rptd @CC $10.3 9% 8% Europe/ME/A 7.8 3% 2% Asia Pacific 5.9 12% 4% OEM 0.6 13% 13% $24.6 8% 5% 5% 3% 18% 12% 26% 22% IBM Major Markets Growth Markets BRIC Countries Canada/ LA EMEA U.S. +7% APac Japan +14% - 5% @CC @CC OEM +13% Performance led by Growth Markets and North America www.ibm.com/investor 5 Revenue and Gross Profit Margin by Segment Revenue $ in Billions 1Q11 Global Technology Services Gross Profit Margin B/(W) Yr/Yr Rptd @CC 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr Pts $9.9 6% 3% 33.8% (0.5 pts) Global Business Services 4.7 7% 3% 27.4% 0.2 pts Software 5.3 10%* 8%* 87.0% 1.5 pts Systems & Technology 4.0 19% 16% 37.8% 4.7 pts Global Financing 0.5 (4%) (6%) 53.5% 3.7 pts 8% 5% 44.5% 0.8 pts Total Revenue & Operating GP Margin $24.6 * Software revenue growth excludes PLM; growth including divested PLM is 6% as reported and 4% @CC Strong revenue growth and margin expansion www.ibm.com/investor 6 Expense Summary $ in Billions SG&A – Operating (2) RD&E – Operating 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr $5.7 (2%) 1.6 (4%) IP and Development Income (0.3) Flat Other (Income)/Expense (0.2) (62%) 0.1 (13%) $7.0 (8%) (3) Interest Expense Operating Expense & Other Income B/(W) Yr/Yr Drivers Currency (1) Base (1 pts) (3 pts) 2 pts (1 pts) (5 pts) 1 pts (1 pts) (4 pts) (4 pts) Acq. (1) Includes acquisitions made in the last twelve months, net of non-operating acquisition-related charges (2) Includes yr/yr decrease of $336M in workforce rebalancing (3) Includes investment gain of $203M in 1Q11 and PLM gain of $591M in 1Q10 Expense growth in line with revenue growth www.ibm.com/investor 7 Pre-Tax Income by Segment Segment PTI $ Segment PTI Margin PTI $ B/(W) Yr/Yr B/(W) Yr/Yr w/o Unique Items* PTI % B/(W) Yr/Yr B/(W) Yr/Yr w/o Unique Items* $1.2 29% 10% 12.2% 2.2 pts 0.5 pts Global Business Services 0.6 44% 19% 13.0% 3.4 pts 1.5 pts Software 1.7 (18%) 9% 28.3% (8.6 pts) 0.6 pts Systems & Technology 0.1 $0.3 $0.3 3.1% 8.6 pts 7.5 pts Global Financing 0.5 22% 21% 51.3% 5.8 pts 5.8 pts $4.0 12% 16.2% 0.6 pts $ in Billions Global Technology Services Total Operating PTI * 1Q11 Workforce Rebalancing charge of $221M 1Q10 PLM gain of $591M (Software) and Workforce Rebalancing charge of $557M Broad-based profit growth and margin expansion www.ibm.com/investor 8 Services Segments Global Technology Services (GTS) $ in Billions 1Q11 Global Business Services (GBS) B/(W) Yr/Yr Rptd @CC Revenue (External) Gross Margin (External) $9.9 33.8% 6% (0.5 pts) PTI Margin 12.2% 2.2 pts excluding Unique Items 3% 0.5 pts $4.7 7% Gross Margin (External) 27.4% 0.2 pts PTI Margin 13.0% 3.4 pts Revenue (External) excluding Unique Items GTS 1Q11 GTS Outsourcing Integrated Technology Services Maintenance Rptd 6% 7% 4% @CC 3% 4% 1% GBS GBS Outsourcing Consulting & Systems Integration 10% 6% 6% 2% $142B +$8B 3% 1.5 pts 1Q11 Revenues (% of Total Services) Yr/Yr 1Q11 Revenue Services Backlog 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr Rptd @CC $ in Billions +$1.5B Maint. 13% GTS Outsourcing 40% GBS Outsourcing 7% ITS 15% GBS C&SI 25% Improved revenue growth, profit growth and margin www.ibm.com/investor 9 Software Segment $ in Billions Revenue (External) - excluding PLM 1Q11 $5.3 Gross Margin (External) PTI Margin 87.0% 28.3% including PLM excluding Unique Items 1Q11 Revenue Yr/Yr Rptd @CC WebSphere Family 51% 50% Information Management 13% 11% Tivoli 8% 6% Lotus 1% (1%) Rational 5% 3% 16% 14% 9% 7% 10% 8% Key Branded Middleware Total Middleware Total Software excl. PLM B/(W) Yr/Yr Rptd @CC 10% 8% 6% 4% 1.5 pts (8.6 pts) 0.6 pts 1Q11 Revenue (% of Total Software) Key Branded Middleware 61% Other Middleware 21% Operating Systems Other 10% 8% Branded Middleware grew 16%, represents 61% of total Software www.ibm.com/investor 10 Systems & Technology Segment $ in Billions Revenue (External) Gross Margin (External) PTI Margin 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr Rptd @CC $4.0 19% 37.8% 4.7 pts 3.1% 8.6 pts excluding Unique Items 1Q11 Revenue 7.5 pts Yr/Yr System z Power Systems System x Storage Retail Store Solutions Total Systems Microelectronics OEM Total Systems & Technology Rptd 41% 19% 13% 10% 18% 18% 23% 19% 16% @CC 38% 17% 10% 8% 17% 16% 23% 16% 1Q11 Revenue (% of Total Sys & Tech) Storage 19% Servers 65% RSS Micr o OE 12% M Double-digit growth in every brand www.ibm.com/investor 11 Cash Flow Analysis $ in Billions Net Cash from Operations Less: Global Financing Receivables 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr * FY10 $3.8 ($0.6) $19.5 (1.9) (0.2) (0.7) 1.9 (0.5) 20.3 (1.1) (0.2) (4.0) 0.8 (0.6) 16.3 Acquisitions (0.1) 0.8 (5.9) Divestitures 0.0 0.0 0.1 Dividends (0.8) (0.1) (3.2) Share Repurchases (4.0) 0.0 Non-GF Debt 1.0 0.7 2.3 Other (includes GF A/R & GF Debt) 4.7 0.9 3.5 $1.6 $1.6 Net Cash from Operations (excluding GF Receivables) Net Capital Expenditures Free Cash Flow (excluding GF Receivables) Change in Cash & Marketable Securities (15.4) ($2.3) * Net Cash from Operations and Free Cash Flow include ($0.8B) yr/yr impact from net income tax settlement payments www.ibm.com/investor 12 Balance Sheet Summary Mar. 10 $ in Billions Cash & Marketable Securities Dec. 10 Mar. 11 $14.0 $11.7 $13.2 Non-GF Assets* 61.3 67.3 67.4 Global Financing Assets 29.9 34.5 32.3 105.2 113.5 113.0 Other Liabilities 56.7 61.7 59.9 Non-GF Debt* 4.1 5.8 6.5 22.2 22.8 23.7 26.3 28.6 30.3 Total Liabilities 83.1 90.3 90.2 Equity 22.1 23.2 22.8 Total Assets Global Financing Debt Total Debt Non-GF Debt / Capital Global Financing Leverage 18% 23% 25% 7.0 7.0 7.0 * Includes eliminations of inter-company activity www.ibm.com/investor 13 Operating EPS Bridge – 1Q10 to 1Q11 $0.15 $2.41 $0.11 $0.15 $2.00 1Q10 Operating EPS Revenue Growth @ Actual Margin Expansion www.ibm.com/investor Share Repurchases 1Q11 Operating EPS 14 2015 At least $20 1Q 2011 Summary ¾ Revenue growth driven by transaction businesses and outsourcing ¾ Momentum in growth initiatives • Growth markets +12% yr/yr @CC, 48% of 1Q geographic revenue growth 2010 $11.67 • Business analytics +20% • Cloud revenue on track to double in 2011 • Smarter planet +20% ¾ Continued margin expansion ¾ Leveraging strong financial position to return value to shareholders Operating EPS Increasing 2011 Operating (Non-GAAP) EPS expectations to at least $13.15 www.ibm.com/investor 15 www.ibm.com/investor 16 Supplemental Materials Supplemental Materials Some columns and rows in these materials, including the supplemental exhibits, may not add due to rounding ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Currency – Year/Year Comparison Supplemental Segment Information – Global Services Outsourcing Services Backlog Run Out Supplemental Segment Information – Systems & Technology, Software Global Financing Portfolio Revenue by Key Industry Sales Unit Cash Flow (FAS 95) Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials • Operating (Non-GAAP) Earnings Per Share and Related Income Statement Items, Constant Currency • Cash Flow, Debt-to-Capital Ratio, Unique Items (PLM Sale and/or Workforce Rebalancing) • Reconciliation of Operating Earnings Per Share • GAAP to Operating (Non-GAAP) Bridge – 1Q 2011 • GAAP to Operating (Non-GAAP) Bridge – 1Q 2010 • Reconciliation of Free Cash Flow (excluding GF Receivables) • Reconciliation of Revenue Growth Rates – Geographies, Segments • Reconciliation of Revenue Growth – GTS • Reconciliation of Yr/Yr Expense Drivers • Reconciliation of Segment Pre-Tax Income / Margin Growth • Reconciliation of Debt-to-Capital Ratio • Reconciliation of Operating EPS Bridge 1Q10 to 1Q11 www.ibm.com/investor 17 Supplemental Materials Currency – Year/Year Comparison Quarterly Averages per US $ Yr/Yr @ 4/18 Spot 2Q11 3Q11 4Q11 1Q11 Yr/Yr 4/18 Spot Euro 0.73 (1%) 0.70 11% 9% 5% Pound 0.62 3% 0.62 8% 5% 3% 82 9% 82 11% 4% 0% ~6-7 pts ~4-5 pts ~2-3 pts Yen IBM Revenue Impact Revenue As Reported Currency Impact Revenue @CC 3 pts (US$B) Yr/Yr $24.6 8% 0.6 $24.0 3 pts 5% www.ibm.com/investor 18 Supplemental Materials Supplemental Segment Information – 1Q 2011 Supplemental Revenue Information Supplemental Backlog / Signings Information Revenue Growth $ in Billions Yr/Yr @CC Global Services 1Q11 Yr/Yr @CC GTS Outsourcing 6% 3% Total Backlog $142 +$8 +~$1.5 Integrated Tech Services 7% 4% Outsourcing Backlog 95 +4 ~(0.5) Maintenance 4% 1% 10% 6% $ in Billions 6% 2% Global Services Global Services GBS Outsourcing GBS C&SI Outsourcing Total GTS 6% 3% Total GBS 7% 3% Total Outsourcing 7% 4% Total Transactional 6% 3% Maintenance 4% 1% Backlog Signings 1Q11 Yr/Yr @CC $4.7 (27%) (30%) 5.8 (1%) (5%) $10.5 (14%) (18%) - GTS O/S, GBS O/S (AMS) Transactional - ITS, Consulting & AMS SI (incl. US Federal) Total Signings Note: YTY signings growth reflects 2010 signings categories consistent with 2011 www.ibm.com/investor 19 Supplemental Materials Outsourcing Services Backlog Run Out 30 As presented in the 4Q 2010 Earnings Presentation Revenue from base growth and new signings 25 ($B) 20 15 Revenue from 12/31/09 Backlog Projected Revenue from 12/31/10 Backlog Revenue from Backlog +3% Yr/Yr @CC 10 5 0 2010 Revenue from Backlog 2011 Revenue from Base Growth Signings Revenue from New Signings Projected 2011 Revenue from Outsourcing Backlog +3% yr/yr @CC www.ibm.com/investor 20 Supplemental Materials Supplemental Segment Information – 1Q 2011 Revenue Growth Revenue Growth Systems & Technology Yr/Yr @CC WebSphere Family 51% 50% Information Management 13% 11% Tivoli 8% 6% = Lotus 1% (1%) = Rational 5% 3% 16% 14% (8%) (9%) Total Middleware 9% 7% 23% Operating Systems 9% 7% 16% Other Software/Services (19%) Total Software excl. PLM 10% 8% Total Software incl. PLM 6% 4% Yr/Yr @CC System z 41% 38% Power Systems 19% 17% System x 13% 10% Storage 10% 8% Retail Store Solutions 18% 17% Total Systems 18% 16% Microelectronics OEM 23% Total Systems & Technology 19% GP% Share Software Key Branded Middleware Other Middleware www.ibm.com/investor (20%) 21 Supplemental Materials Global Financing Portfolio 1Q11 – $23.9B Net External Receivables Investm ent Grade 66% Non-Investm ent Grade 34% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 40% 26% 18% 10% 4% 2% Ba3-B1 B2-B3 Caa-D 0% Aaa-A3 Baa1-Baa3 Ba1-Ba2 Identified Loss Rate Anticipated Loss Rate Reserve Coverage Client Days Delinquent Outstanding Commercial A/R > 30 Days 22 1Q11 1.2% 0.3% 1.5% 4Q10 1.1% 0.4% 1.5% 1Q10 1.9% 0.4% 2.3% 3.3 $25M 2.4 $20M 3.3 $49M www.ibm.com/investor 22 Supplemental Materials Revenue by Key Industry Sales Unit $ in Billions Financial Services 1Q11 B/(W) Yr/Yr Rptd @CC $7.3 14% Public 3.7 1% (1%) Industrial 2.5 (1%) (4%) Distribution 2.4 4% 2% Communications 2.3 7% 5% General Business 4.8 10% 8% $24.6 8% 5% Total IBM Public 10% www.ibm.com/investor Financial Services Industrial Distribution Comms General Business 23 Supplemental Materials Cash Flow (FAS 95) $ in Billions 1Q11 1Q10 Net Income from Operations $2.9 $2.6 Depreciation / Amortization of Intangibles 1.2 1.2 Stock-based Compensation 0.2 0.2 (2.4) (1.6) 1.9 2.1 3.8 4.4 (1.1) (0.9) 0.0 0.0 (0.1) (0.8) 1.6 1.0 Net Cash used in Investing Activities 0.5 (0.7) Debt, net of payments & proceeds 1.6 0.5 Dividends (0.8) (0.7) Common Stock Repurchases (4.0) (4.0) 0.9 0.9 (2.3) (3.4) 0.1 (0.1) Working Capital / Other Global Financing A/R Net Cash provided by Operating Activities Capital Expenditures, net of payments & proceeds Divestitures, net of cash transferred Acquisitions, net of cash acquired Marketable Securities / Other Investments, net Common Stock Transactions - Other Net Cash used in Financing Activities Effect of Exchange Rate changes on Cash Net Change in Cash & Cash Equivalents www.ibm.com/investor $2.1 $0.3 24 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding the company's results as determined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the company also discusses, in its earnings press release and earnings presentation materials, the following Non-GAAP information which management believes provides useful information to investors. Operating (Non-GAAP) Earnings Per Share and Related Income Statement Items Management presents certain financial measures excluding the effects of certain acquisition-related charges, non-operating retirement-related costs, and any related tax impacts. Management uses the term "operating" to describe this view of the company's financial results and other financial information. For acquisitions, these measures exclude the amortization of purchased intangible assets and acquisition-related charges such as in-process research and development, transaction costs, applicable restructuring and related expenses, and tax charges related to acquisition integration. For retirementrelated costs, the company has characterized certain items as operating and others as non-operating. The company includes service cost, amortization of prior service cost and the cost of defined contribution plans in its operating results. Non-operating retirement-related costs include interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements, multi-employer plan costs, pension insolvency costs, and other costs. Non-operating costs primarily relate to changes in pension plan assets and liabilities which are tied to market performance, and management considers these costs to be outside the operational performance of the business. Management’s calculation of these operating measures, as presented, may differ from similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Overall, management believes that providing investors with an operating view as described above provides increased transparency and clarity into both the operational results of the business and the performance of the company’s pension plans, improves visibility to management decisions and their impacts on operational performance, enables better comparison to peer companies, and allows the company to provide a long term strategic view of the business going forward. For the 2015 earnings per share roadmap, the company is utilizing an operating view to establish its objectives and track its progress. Effective January 1, 2011, the company’s segment financial results and performance reflect operating earnings, consistent with the company’s management and measurement system. Constant Currency Management refers to growth rates at constant currency or adjusting for currency so that certain financial results can be viewed without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons of the company's business performance. Financial results adjusted for currency are calculated by translating current period activity in local currency using the comparable prior year period’s currency conversion rate. This approach is used for countries where the functional currency is the local currency. Generally, when the dollar either strengthens or weakens against other currencies, the growth at constant currency rates or adjusting for currency will be higher or lower than growth reported at actual exchange rates. www.ibm.com/investor 25 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Cash Flow Management uses a free cash flow measure to evaluate the company’s operating results, plan share repurchase levels, evaluate strategic investments and assess the company’s ability and need to incur and service debt. The entire free cash flow amount is not necessarily available for discretionary expenditures. The company defines free cash flow as net cash from operating activities less the change in Global Financing receivables and net capital expenditures, including the investment in software. A key objective of the Global Financing business is to generate strong returns on equity, and increasing receivables is the basis for growth. Accordingly, management considers Global Financing receivables as a profit-generating investment, not as working capital that should be minimized for efficiency. Therefore, management includes presentations of both free cash flow and cash flow from operations that exclude the effect of Global Financing receivables. Debt-to-Capital Ratio Management presents its debt-to-capital ratio excluding the Global Financing business. A financing business is managed on a leveraged basis. The company funds its Global Financing segment using a debt-to-equity ratio target of approximately 7 to 1. Given this significant leverage, the company presents a debt-to-capital ratio which excludes the Global Financing segment debt and equity because the company believes this is more representative of the company’s core business operations. Unique Items (PLM Sale and/or Workforce Rebalancing) Management presents certain financial results excluding the effects of the company's PLM sale and/or workforce rebalancing. In March 2010, the company completed the sale of its activities associated with the sales and support of Dassault Systemes’ (Dassault) product lifecycle management (PLM) software, including customer contracts and related assets to Dassault. In addition, the company has taken certain charges in connection with workforce rebalancing actions. Management believes that presenting certain financial information without one or both of these items is more representative of the company’s operational performance and provides additional insight into, and clarifies the basis for, historical and/or future performance, which may be more useful for investors. www.ibm.com/investor 26 Supplemental Materials Non -GAAP Supplementary Materials Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Operating Earnings Per Share 2011 Expectations IBM Operating EPS (Non-GAAP) $13.15+ IBM GAAP EPS $12.73+ Adjustments Acquisition-Related Charges * $0.38 Amortization of Purchased Intangibles $0.36 Other Acquisition-Related Charges $0.03 Non-Operating Retirement-Related Charges $0.05 * Includes acquisitions as of 3/31/2011 The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “1Q 2011 Highlights” and “1Q 2011 Summary” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 27 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials GAAP to Operating (Non-GAAP) Bridge – 1Q 2011 $ in Millions, except EPS Gross Profit GAAP Acquisition-related Adjustments* Retirement-related Adjustments** Operating (Non-GAAP) $10,858 $85 $14 $10,957 (76) (10) 5,740 19 1,606 10 6,971 4 3,986 SG&A 5,826 RD&E 1,587 Total Operating Expense & Other Income 7,041 (80) Pre-Tax Income 3,817 165 954 48 2,863 117 Tax *** Net Income Diluted Earnings Per Share $2.31 0 $0.09 (6) 10 $0.01 997 2,990 $2.41 * Includes Amortization of Purchased Intangibles, In Process R&D, Severance Cost for Acquired employees, vacant space for acquired companies, deal costs ** Includes Retirement Related Interest Cost, Expected Return on Plan Assets, Recognized actuarial losses or gains, amortization of transition assets, other settlements, curtailments, multi-employer plans and insolvency insurance *** The tax impact on the Operating (Non-GAAP) Pre-Tax Income is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the As Reported Pre-Tax Income under ACS 740, which employs an annual effective tax rate method to the results. The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “1Q 2011 Highlights,” “Key Financial Metrics” and “Expense Summary” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these NonGAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 28 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials GAAP to Operating (Non-GAAP) Bridge – 1Q 2010 $ in Millions, except EPS Gross Profit GAAP Acquisition-related Adjustments* Retirement-related Adjustments** Operating (Non-GAAP) $9,976 $55 ($35) $9,996 SG&A 5,677 RD&E 1,509 Total Operating Expense & Other Income 6,462 (61) Pre-Tax Income 3,515 Tax *** Net Income Diluted Earnings Per Share 10 5,626 30 1,539 40 6,441 116 (76) 3,556 914 34 (31) 917 2,601 82 (45) 2,638 $1.97 (61) 0 $0.06 ($0.03) $2.00 * Includes Amortization of Purchased Intangibles, In Process R&D, Severance Cost for Acquired employees, vacant space for acquired companies, deal costs ** Includes Retirement Related Interest Cost, Expected Return on Plan Assets, Recognized actuarial losses or gains, amortization of transition assets, other settlements, curtailments, multi-employer plans and insolvency insurance *** The tax impact on the Operating (Non-GAAP) Pre-Tax Income is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the As Reported Pre-Tax Income under ACS 740, which employs an annual effective tax rate method to the results. The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “1Q 2011 Highlights,” “Key Financial Metrics” and “Expense Summary” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these NonGAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 29 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Reconciliation of Free Cash Flow (excluding GF Receivables) $ in Billions 12 months ended 3/31/11 Net Cash from Operations $18.9 Less: Global Financing Receivables Net Cash from Operations (excluding GF Receivables) Net Capital Expenditures (0.9) 19.8 (4.1) Free Cash Flow (excluding GF Receivables) $15.7 The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “Key Financial Metrics” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 26 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 30 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Reconciliation of Revenue Growth 1Q11 Yr/Yr As Rptd @CC Asia Pacific, other than Japan Japan Canada China Russia 20% 5% 15% 36% 54% 14% (5%) 9% 33% 53% Growth Markets Systems and Technology Storage Hardware Software Total Services Outsourcing Global Technology Services Outsourcing Integrated Technology Services (ITS) 22% 17% 20% 19% 18% 16% 19% 14% 16% 12% 11% 11% 7% 6% Global Business Services – North America The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “Revenue by Geography,” “Services Segments” and “Systems and Technology Segment” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 31 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Reconciliation of Revenue Growth 1Q11 Yr/Yr vs. 4Q10 Yr/Yr Global Technology Services Outsourcing As Rptd @CC 5 pts 2 pts The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “Services Segments” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. The above reconciles the sequential change from 4Q10 to 1Q11. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 32 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Reconciliation of Yr/Yr Expense Drivers GAAP Non-GAAP Adjustments Operating (Non-GAAP) Currency (1 pt) 0 pts (1 pt) Acquisitions (4 pts) 1 pt (3 pts) 2 pts 0 pts 2 pts Currency (1 pt) 0 pts (1 pt) Acquisitions (5 pts) 0 pts (5 pts) 1 pt 1 pt 1 pt Currency (1 pt) 0 pts (1 pt) Acquisitions (4 pts) 0 pts (4 pts) Base (4 pts) 0 pts (4 pts) SG&A Base RD&E Base Operating Expense & Other Income The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “Expense Summary” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 33 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Reconciliation of Segment Pre-Tax Income/Margin Growth 1Q11 Yr/Yr As Rptd Workforce Rebalancing PLM Gain Normalized Global Technology Services Global Business Services Software 29% 44% (18%) 19 pts 24 pts 3 pts 0 pts 0 pts (30 pts) 10% 19% 9% Systems & Technology $329M $38M $0 $291M Pre-Tax Income Growth Pre-Tax Margin Growth Global Technology Services Global Business Services Software Systems & Technology 2.2 3.4 (8.6 8.6 pts pts pts) pts 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.2 pts pts pts pts 0 pts 0 pts (10.2 pts) 0 pts 0.5 1.5 0.6 7.5 pts pts pts pts The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “Services Segments,” “Software Segment” and “Systems & Technology Segment” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 34 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Reconciliation of Debt-to-Capital Ratio 1Q11 FY10 1Q10 Non-Global Financing Debt / Capital 25% 23% 18% IBM Consolidated Debt / Capital 27% 55% 54% The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “Balance Sheet Summary” discussion regarding the non-Global Financing debt to capital ratio in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 26 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 35 Supplemental Materials Non-GAAP Supplementary Materials Reconciliation of Operating EPS Bridge 1Q10 to 1Q11 1Q10 EPS GAAP Acquisitionrelated adjustments* Retirement-related adjustments** Operating (Non-GAAP) $1.97 $0.06 ($0.03) $2.00 - - Revenue growth @ actual 0.15 Margin expansion 0.05 0.02 Share repurchases 0.14 0.01 $2.31 $0.09 1Q11 EPS 0.04 $0.01 0.15 0.11 0.15 $2.41 * Includes Amortization of Purchased Intangibles, In Process R&D, Severance Cost for Acquired employees, vacant space for acquired companies, deal costs ** Includes Retirement Related Interest Cost, Expected Return on Plan Assets, Recognized actuarial losses or gains, amortization of transition assets, other settlements, curtailments, multi-employer plans and insolvency insurance The above serves to reconcile the Non-GAAP financial information contained in the “Operating EPS Bridge – 1Q10 to 1Q11” discussion in the company’s earnings presentation. See Slide 25 of this presentation for additional information on the use of these Non-GAAP financial measures. www.ibm.com/investor 36 www.ibm.com/investor 37