NCP81174 D

NCP81174
4/3/2-Phase Synchronous
Buck Controller with Power
Saving Mode and PWM VID
Interface
www.onsemi.com
The NCP81174 is a general−purpose up to four−phase synchronous
buck controller. It combines differential voltage sensing, differential
phase current sensing, and PWM VID interface to provide accurate
regulated power for the computer or graphic controllers. It can
receive power saving command (PSI) from processors and operates in
single−phase diode emulation mode to obtain high efficiency in light
load. Dual−edge multiphase PWM modulation ensures a fast transient
response with minimum possible capacitors.
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
QFN32
MW SUFFIX
CASE 488AM
1
NCP81174
AWLYYWWG
G
A
WL
YY
WW
G
= Assembly Location
= Wafer Lot
= Year
= Work Week
= Pb−Free Package
(Note: Microdot may be in either location)
ORDERING INFORMATION
Typical Applications
• GPU and CPU Power
• Graphics Card Applications
• Desktop and Notebook Applications
March, 2015 − Rev. 5
32
MARKING DIAGRAM
Output Voltage up to 2.0 V with PWM VID Interface
Support 1.8 V and 3.3 V VID interface
Remote Differential Output Voltage Sense
Differential Current Sense For Each Phase
200 kHz − 1000 kHz Switching Frequency
Power Saving Interface (PSI)
Power Good Output
Thermally Compensated Current Monitoring
Over Current Protection
Fast Transient Response
5 V VCC Shunt Regulator
Latched OVP and UVP Protections
QFN−32, 5 x 5 mm, 0.5 mm Pitch Package
This is a Pb−Free Device
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015
1
Device
Package
Shipping†
NCP81174MNTXG
QFN32
(Pb−Free)
2500 / Tape &
Reel
†For information on tape and reel specifications,
including part orientation and tape sizes, please
refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications
Brochure, BRD8011/D.
1
Publication Order Number:
NCP81174/D
G3
G2
G1
30
DRVON
31
G4
VREF
32
VCC
REFIN
NCP81174
29
28
27
26
25
VIDBUF
1
24
CS4
VID
2
23
CS4N
VR_RDY
3
22
CS3
EN
4
21
CS3N
PSI
5
20
CS2
12VMON
6
19
CS2N
ROSC
7
18
CS1
ILIM
8
17
CS1N
NCP81174
Top View
(not to scale)
13
14
15
16
VFB
VDFB
CSSUM
12
VDRP
11
COMP
10
DIFFOUT
VSP
9
VSN
FLAG/GND (Pin 32)
Figure 1. Pinout
www.onsemi.com
2
NCP81174
12V_FILTER
12V_FILTER
12V_FILTER
D1
3.3V
C4
C3
4
PSI
5
VR_RDY
3
VID
EN
30
OD
IN
RFB
CFB1 RFB1
RF
12
13
CF
CH
14
15
RDRP
16
RNOR
L1
SW
DRL
Q2
PSI
VR_RDY
R2 RS1
C2
CS1
25
G1
18
CS1
17
CS1N
26
G2
20
CS2
19
CS2N
VSN
27
G3
VSP NCP81174
22
CS3
DIFFOUT
21
CS3N
28
G4
24
CS4
COMP
23
CS4N
VFB
29
VDRP
DRVON
12V_FILTER
12V_FILTER
BST
VCC
OD
IN
DRH
SW
DRL
PGND
VDFB
12V_FILTER
12V_FILTER
CSSUM
+
10
9
11
Q1
DRH
PGND
2
VID
31
VREF
32
REFIN
1
VIDBUF
VREF
BST
VCC
VCC
VR_EN
12VMON
6
C1
U2
8 ILIM
33 GND
RISO1RT2 RISO2
7 ROSC
R6
CDFB
CPU GND
BST
VCC
VREF
ROSC
OD
IN
DRH
SW
DRL
PGND
12V_FILTER
12V_FILTER
BST
VCC
OD
IN
DRH
SW
DRL
PGND
VSP
VSN
Figure 2. Typical Four Phase Application Circuit with PWM−VID Interface
www.onsemi.com
3
NCP81174
VID
UVP&OVP
VIDBUF
REFIN
G1
G2
PWM
Control
VSN
VSP
G3
G4
PSI
DIFFOUT
ILIM
EN
VFB
Fault Logic
UVLO
PGOOD
COMP
VR_RDY
12VMON
DRVON
VDFB
VDRP
CSSUM
VREF
CS1
CS1N
VREF
VCC
CS2
CS2N
CS3
Ramp
Generator
CS Amps
RSOC
CS3N
CS4
GND
CS4N
Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram
www.onsemi.com
4
NCP81174
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin
Name
1
VIDBUF
Description
2
VID
3
VR_RDY
4
EN
Chip enable.
5
PSI
Power saving control. Three levels.
6
12VMON
7
ROSC
VID PWM pulse output from an internal buffer.
Voltage ID from processor.
Power good indicator.
12 V input power rail monitor. It is a divided down voltage from the input power rail, should be kept to less
than 4 V at all time.
A resistance from this pin to ground programs the oscillator frequency.
8
ILIM
Over current shutdown threshold setting.
9
VSP
Non−inverting input to the internal differential remote sense amplifier.
10
VSN
Inverting input to the internal differential remote sense amplifier.
11
DIFFOUT
12
COMP
13
VFB
14
VDRP
Voltage signal proportional to the total current.
15
VDFB
Current summing amplifier inverting input
16
CSSUM
17
CS1N
18
CS1
19
CS2N
Output of the differential remote voltage sense amplifier.
Output of the compensation amplifier.
Inverting input of the compensation error amplifier
Current summing output signal
Inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 1.
Non−inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 1.
Inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 2.
20
CS2
21
CS3N
Non−inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 2.
22
CS3
23
CS4N
24
CS4
25
G1
Phase 1 PWM output, 3 levels.
26
G2
Phase 2 PWM output, 3 levels.
27
G3
Phase 3 PWM output, 3 levels.
28
G4
Phase 4 PWM output, 3 levels.
29
DRVON
30
VCC
Power supply for the chip. NCP81174 has a built−in 5 V shunt regulator, allowing it to connect to the external
12 V supply through a resistor. Do not connect a 5 V supply to VCC directly.
31
VREF
2.0 V output reference voltage. A 10 nF ceramic capacitor is recommended to connect this pin to ground.
32
REFIN
Reference voltage input for output voltage regulation.
33
FLAG
Thermal pad and analog ground, connected to system ground.
Inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 3.
Non−inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 3.
Inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 4.
Non−inverting input to current sense amplifier, phase 4.
Gate driver enable.
www.onsemi.com
5
NCP81174
MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL INFORMATION
Pin Symbol
VMAX
VMIN
ISOURCE
ISINK
COMP
5.5 V
−0.3 V
10 mA
10 mA
VDRP
5.5 V
−0.3 V
5 mA
5 mA
VSP
5.5 V
GND – 300 mV
1 mA
1 mA
VSN
GND + 300 mV
GND – 300 mV
1 mA
1 mA
DIFFOUT
5.5 V
−0.3 V
20 mA
20 mA
VR_RDY
5.5 V
−0.3 V
N/A
20 mA
VCC
7.0 V
−0.3 V
N/A
10 mA
ROSC
5.5 V
−0.3 V
1 mA
N/A
PWMVID
5.5 V
−0.3 V
(−2 V, <50 ns)
All Other Pins
5.5 V
−0.3 V
*All signals referenced to AGND unless otherwise noted.
THERMAL INFORMATION
Rating
Symbol
Value
Unit
Rthja
48.5
°C/W
Junction Temperature Range (Note 2)
TJ
−40 to 125
°C
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
TA
0 to 100
°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range
TSTG
−55 to +150
°C
Moisture Sensitivity Level, QFN Package
MSL
1
Thermal Characteristic, QFN Package (Note 1)
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
*The maximum package power dissipation must be observed.
1. JESD 51−5 (1S2P Direct−Attach Method) with 0 LFM.
2. JESD 51−7 (1S2P Direct−Attach Method) with 0 LFM.
www.onsemi.com
6
NCP81174
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VVCC = 5 V, VREFIN = 1.0 V, VPSI = 3.3 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from 0°C
to 100°C. unless other noted.)
Characteristics
Test Conditions
Symbol
Min
VSYS
7.0
Typ
Max
Unit
20
V
54
60
mA
30
35
mA
4.9
5.2
V
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
System Input Voltage Range
SUPPLY CURRENT
DC Supply Current
Vsys = 13.2 V, Rshunt = 150
UVLO Turn−On Current
VCC UVLO Rising
VCC UVLO Falling
VCC Quiescent Current
no switching, PS0
no switching, PS1/PS2
3.8
4.1
ICC
−
−
46
46
Fsw
200
V
−
−
mA
mA
1000
kHz
10
%
2.0
2.05
V
1.98
2.0
2.02
V
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
PS0 Switching Frequency Range
Switching Frequency Accuracy
ROSC Output Voltage
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
VREF Reference Voltage
IREF = 1 mA
VVREF
PWM MODULATION
Minimum On Time (Note 3)
Fsw = 800 kHz
−
30
−
ns
0% Duty Cycle
COMP voltage when the PWM outputs
remain HI
−
1.3
−
V
100% Duty Cycle
COMP voltage when the PWM outputs
remain HI
−
2.3
−
V
PWM Phase Angle Error
Between adjacent phases
15
°
−15
VOLTAGE ERROR AMPLIFIER
Open−Loop DC Gain (Note 3)
100
dB
Unity Gain Bandwidth (Note 3)
10
MHz
Slew Rate (Note 3)
5
V/ms
COMP Voltage Swing
ICOMP(source) = 2 mA
3.5
ICOMP(sink) = 0.2 mA
Non−inverting Voltage Range (Note 3)
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Voltage (Note 3)
−
−
V
−
−
50
mV
0
1.3
3
V
−50
0
50
nA
1.0
mV
200
nA
1.0
mV
VSP = VSN = 1.0 V
−1.0
CSx = CSxN = 1.0 V
−200
CURRENT−SENSE AMPLIFIER
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Voltage (Note 3)
0
−1.0
Common Mode Input Range (Note 3)
−0.3
2.0
V
Differential Mode Input Range
−120
120
mV
6.3
V/V
Closed−Loop DC Gain (Note 3)
0 V < CSx − CSxN < 0.1 V
5.7
−3dB Gain Bandwidth (Note 3)
6.0
10
Current Sharing Offset
−2.5
−
MHz
2.5
mV
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product
performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
3. Guaranteed by design, may not be tested.
www.onsemi.com
7
NCP81174
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VVCC = 5 V, VREFIN = 1.0 V, VPSI = 3.3 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from 0°C
to 100°C. unless other noted.)
Characteristics
Test Conditions
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
CURRENT SUMMING AMPLIFIER
Current Sense Input to CSSUM DC Gain
−60 mV < CSx − CSxN < 60 mV
Current Sense Input to CSSUM −3 dB
Bandwidth (Note 3)
CL = 10 pF to GND, RL = 10 kW to
GND
CSSUM Output Slew Rate (Note 3)
CSSUM Summing Amp Output Offset
(Note 3)
−15
Maximum CSSUM Output Voltage
3.0
−3.93
V/V
4
MHz
4
V/ms
0
15
mV
V
Minimum CSSUM Output Voltage
0.3
V
Output Source Current (Note 3)
1
−
−
mA
Output Sink Current (Note 3)
1
−
−
mA
DROOP AMPLIFIER VDRP
Input Bias Current (Note 3)
−200
200
nA
−4.0
4.0
mV
Input Offset Voltage (Note 3)
VSP = VSN = 1.1 V
Open Loop DC Gain (Note 3)
CL = 20 pF to GND including ESD
RL = 1 kW to GND
−
100
Open Loop Unity Gain Bandwidth
(Note 3)
CL = 20 pF to GND including ESD
RL = 1 kW to GND
−
10
−
MHz
Maximum Output Voltage
ISOURCE = 4.0 mA
3
−
−
V
Minimum Output Voltage
ISINK = 1.0 mA
−
−
1
V
Output source current (Note 3)
Vout = 3.0 V
4
−
−
mA
Output sink current (Note 3)
Vout = 1.0 V
1
−
−
mA
dB
REMOTE VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL SENSE AMPLIFIER
Input Bias Current (Note 3)
VSN = 0 V
30
mA
VSP Input Pull down Resistance
DRVON = low
DRVON = high
1.5
17
kW
VSP Input Bias Voltage (Note 3)
DRVON = low
DRVON = high
0.09
0.66
Input Voltage Range (Note 3)
V
−0.3
−
3.0
V
−
10
−
MHz
1.025
V/V
3dB Bandwidth (Note 3)
CL = 80 pF to GND,
RL = 10 kW to GND
Closed Loop DC gain
VSP −VSN = 0.5 to 1.3 V
0.98
1.0
3.0
−
−
V
−
−
0.5
V
Maximum Output Voltage
ISOURCE = 2 mA
Minimum Output Voltage
ISINK = 2 mA
Output source current (Note 3)
Vout = 3 V
2.0
−
−
mA
Output sink current (Note 3)
Vout = 0.5 V
2.0
−
−
mA
Output High Voltage
Sourcing 500 mA
3.0
−
−
V
Output Low Voltage
Sinking 500 mA
−
−
0.7
V
Rise Time
CL (PCB) = 20 pF,
DVo = 10% to 90%
−
20
−
ns
DRVON
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product
performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
3. Guaranteed by design, may not be tested.
www.onsemi.com
8
NCP81174
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VVCC = 5 V, VREFIN = 1.0 V, VPSI = 3.3 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from 0°C
to 100°C. unless other noted.)
Characteristics
Test Conditions
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
CL (PCB) = 20pF,
DVo = 10% to 90%
−
20
−
ns
EN rising
−
1.1
1.15
V
EN falling
0.95
1.0
2.55
V
mA
DRVON
Fall Time
ENABLE
Enable Threshold
EN rising
EN 3.3V IO Detection Threshold
EN Input Bias Current
2.5
EN falling
External 1k pull−up to 3.3 V
2.35
2.4
−
−
1.0
2.4
2.2
2.55
2.05
POWER SAVE INPUT
PSI High Threshold (3.3 V input logic),
Refer to Table 1
Rising
Falling
VhighPSI_3.3V
PSI High Threshold (1.8 V input logic),
Refer to Table 2
Rising
Falling
VhighPSI_1.8V
1.05
1.4
1.2
1.55
V
PSI Low Threshold
Rising
Falling
VlowPSI
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.95
V
−
−
1.0
mA
3.0
−
−
V
1.4
1.5
1.6
V
PSI Input Bias Current (Note 3)
V
PWM OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage
Sourcing 500 mA
Mid Output Voltage
Output Low Voltage
Sinking 500 mA
−
−
0.7
V
Rise Time
CL (PCB) = 50 pF,
DVo = 10% to 90%
−
10
15
ns
Fall Time
CL (PCB) = 50 pF,
DVo = 10% to 90%
−
10
15
ns
−
80
−
uA
210
240
265
mV
−
20
27
ms
4/3/2 PHASE DETECTION
Gate Pin Source Current
Gate Pin Threshold Voltage
Phase Detect Timer
VR_RDY – STARTUP
Vout Startup Delay
Measured from EN to Vout Start up
from 0 V
1.3
ms
VR_RDY Startup Delay
Measured from EN to VR_RDY
assertion
1.9
ms
VR_RDY Shutdown Delay
Measured from EN to VR_RDY
de−assertion
200
350
ns
VR_RDY Low Voltage
IVR_RDY= 10 mA (sink)
−
−
0.4
V
VR_RDY Leakage Current
VR_RDY = 5 V
−
−
0.2
mA
1.0
1.05
V/V
PROTECTION – OCP, OVP, UVP
0.95
Current Limit ILIM to VDRP Gain
Current Limit ILIM to VDRP Gain in PSI
0.25
V/V
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product
performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
3. Guaranteed by design, may not be tested.
www.onsemi.com
9
NCP81174
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VVCC = 5 V, VREFIN = 1.0 V, VPSI = 3.3 V, typical values are referenced to TA = 25°C, Min and Max values are referenced to TA from 0°C
to 100°C. unless other noted.)
Characteristics
Test Conditions
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
2.0
V
PROTECTION – OCP, OVP, UVP
Current Limit ILIM Input Range
Under Voltage Protection (UVP)
Threshold
0
Relative to REFIN Voltage
50%
REFIN
5
ms
150%
REFIN
Over Voltage Protection (OVP) Threshold
Clamping Voltage
2
V
Over Voltage Protection (OVP) Delay
5
us
Under Voltage Protection (UVP) Delay
Over Voltage Protection (OVP) Threshold Relative to REFIN Voltage
12VMON
0.94
12VMON Rising
12VMON Falling
0.65
1.0
0.87
12VMON Range (Note 3)
V
V
4.0
V
PWM−VID BUFFER
Buffer Output Rise Time
Tr
3.0
ns
Buffer Output Fall Time
Tf
3.0
ns
Rising and Falling Edge Delay (Note 3)
DT = |Tr − Tf|
DT
Propagation Delay
Tpd = TpHL =TpLH
Tpd
Propagation Delay Error (Note 3)
DTpd = TpHL – TpLH
0.5
8.0
DTpd
ns
ns
0.5
ns
REFIN
REFIN Discharge Switch ON−Resistance
IREFIN (sink) = 2 mA
6.0
W
REFIN Discharge Time (Note 3)
Measured from EN assertion
100
ms
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product
performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
3. Guaranteed by design, may not be tested.
www.onsemi.com
10
NCP81174
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
General
mode multi−phase control results in fast transient response
and good dynamic current balance.
The NCP81174, a 4/3/2−phase synchronous buck
controller with PWM VID interface in a QFN−32 package,
provides a compact−footprint power management solution
for new generation computing and graphic processors. It
receives power saving input (PSI) from processors and
operates in 1−phase forced PWM or diode emulation mode
to obtain high efficiency in light−load conditions. It can
either receive PWMVID from the processor to achieve
dynamic voltage control or locally set the reference from an
internal precise 2 V regulator. Operating in high switching
frequency up to 1 MHz allows employing small size
inductor and capacitors. Introduction of dual−edge current
Power Operation Modes
The NCP81174 has three power operation modes
corresponding to PSI levels as shown in Table 1 and 2. The
chip is compatible to different I/O systems. If the upstream
controller has a 3.3 V or higher I/O interface, the
configuration would follow Table 1, the ENABLE signal
needs to be higher than 2.5 V to turn on the chip; If the
upstream controller has a 1.8 V I/O interface, the
configuration would follow Table 2, the ENABLE signal
needs to be higher than 1.1 V only to turn on the chip. The
operation mode can be changed on the fly.
Table 1. POWER SAVING INTERFACE (PSI) CONFIGURATIONS (3.3 V I/O, EN > 2.5 V)
PSI Level
Power Mode
Phase Configuration
High (PSI ≥ 2.4 V)
PS0
Full Phase, FCCM
Intermediate (0.8V < PSI < 2.4 V)
PS1
1−Phase, FCCM
Low (PSI ≤ 0.8 V)
PS2
1−Phase, Auto CCM/DCM
Table 2. POWER SAVING INTERFACE (PSI) CONFIGURATIONS (1.8 V I/O, 2.5 V > EN > 1.1 V)
PSI Level
Power Mode
Phase Configuration
High (PSI ≥ 1.4 V)
PS0
Full Phase, FCCM
Intermediate (0.8 V < PSI < 1.4 V)
PS1
1−Phase, FCCM
Low (PSI ≤ 0.8 V)
PS2
1−Phase, Auto CCM/DCM
Remote Voltage Sense
REFIN
A true differential amplifier allows the NCP81174 to
measure Vcore voltage feedback with respect to the Vcore
ground reference point by connecting the Vcore reference
point to VSP, and the Vcore ground reference point to VSN.
This configuration keeps ground potential differences
between the local controller ground and the Vcore ground
reference point from affecting regulation of Vcore between
Vcore and Vcore ground reference points. The remote
sensing amplifier also subtracts the REFIN (DAC) voltage,
thereby producing an unamplified output error voltage at the
DIFFOUT pin. This output also has a 1.3 V bias voltage as
the floating ground to allow both positive and negative error
voltages.
VSN
VSP
DIFFOUT
Figure 4. Voltage Remote Sense
www.onsemi.com
11
NCP81174
Switching Frequency
PWM VID
The Rosc pin provides a 2.0 V reference voltage. The
resistor connected to this pin will sink current from the pin
to ground. This current is internally mirrored into a capacitor
to create an oscillator. The period is proportional to the
resistance and the frequency is inversely proportional to the
total resistance. The total resistance may be estimated by
equation 1. This equation is valid for the individual phase
frequency in multi−phase mode PS0 and single phase mode
PS1. In PS2, the frequency will be close to set frequency in
CCM and scaled down with load current in DCM operation.
The NCP81174 receives the PWMVID signal from the
upstream controller for the Vcore regulation. The signal is
decoded internally and passed to the VID buffer output
(VIDBUF), where the duty cycle is converted to a
corresponding signal between 0 V and 2 V. The VIDBUF
high level is derived from a precise 2.0 V reference voltage.
The VIDBUF signal is then filtered through the external low
pass filter constructed by R_REFADJ and C_REFIN. The
filtered output is connected to the REFIN pin. The REFIN
is the voltage reference of the Vcore regulator. The output
voltage maximum, minimum, and also boot voltage can be
calculated with below equations.
Rosc ^ 20947 @ F SW −1.1262
(eq. 1)
V max + Vref @
ROSC vs. FREQ
60
Calculation
V min + Vref @
Real
50
Rosc−kohm
40
(eq. 2)
R_VREF2
R VREF2 ) ǒR_VREF1 ø R_REFADJǓ
R_VREF2 ø R_REFADJ
(eq. 3)
R VREF1 ) ǒR_VREF2 ø R_REFADJǓ
V boot +
V max ) V min
(eq. 4)
2
30
20
10
0
100
1000
Freq−kHz
Figure 5. ROSC vs. Frequency
VREF
R _VREF 1
VIDBUF
REFIN
R _REFADJ
PWMVID
R _VREF 2
C_ REFIN
Figure 6. PWM VID Interface
Soft Start
The NCP81174 can decode both 1.8 V and 3.3 V
PWMVID output levels. If the EN voltage input is more than
2.5 V, a 3.3 V PWMVID I/O is identified. If EN voltage is
above 1.1 V (Overall chip enable threshold) but less than
2.5 V, a 1.8 V PWMVID I/O is assumed.
The NCP81174 has an internal controlled soft start
function. The output starts to ramp up following a system
reset period after the device is enabled. The device is able to
www.onsemi.com
12
NCP81174
start up smoothly under an output pre−biased condition
without discharging the output before ramping up.
Before the output soft start begins, an internal switch will
be turned on to discharge the external filter cap C_REFIN
connected to the REFIN pin to reset the DAC setting, the
typical on resistance of the switch is around 6 Ws. After the
discharging, internal switch will be turned off to allow
external C_REFIN cap to recharge. After 100 ms, the output
voltage ramps up with a fixed slew rate of 1.3 mV/mS.
The circuit can be set to start from either all the phases
when the input power rails are all available or from phase 1
when only one input power rail is available by presetting the
power mode from PSI pin (See Power Operation Modes).
sense amplifier must be connected across the current sensing
element of the phase controlled by the corresponding gate
output (G1, G2, G3, or G4). If a phase is unused, the
differential inputs to that phase’s current sense amplifier
must be shorted together and connected to the output.
A voltage is generated across the current sense element
(such as an inductor or sense resistor) by the current flowing
in that phase. The outputs of four current amplifiers are fed
into a summing amplifier to have a summed−up output
(CSSUM). Signal of CSSUM combines information of total
current of all phases in operation. The gain from the total
sense current input to CSSUM (ACSSUM) is ~3.93.
The output of the current sense amplifiers are used to
control three functions. First, the output controls the
adaptive voltage positioning, where the output voltage is
actively controlled according to the output current. Second,
the output signal is fed to the current limit circuit. This again
is the summed current of all phases in operation. Finally, the
individual phase current is connected to the PWM
comparator. In this way current balance is accomplished.
5V Shunt Regulator
The NCP81174 has an internal shunt regulator to generate
5 V from the external power supply (e.g. 12 V). It is
recommended to connect three 0603 resistors (450 W each)
in parallel from a 12 V power supply to the VCC pin.
Thermal Compensation Amplifier with VDRP and
VDFB pins
Undervoltage Lockout (VCC UVLO) and 12VMON
Thermal compensation amplifier is an internal amplifier
in the path of droop current feedback for additional
adjustment of the gain of summing current and temperature
compensation. The way thermal compensation is
implemented separately ensures minimum interference to
the voltage loop compensation network.
VCC is constantly monitored for undervoltage lockout
(UVLO). Line input (normally 12V) is monitored for
undervoltage lockout through 12VMON pin by connecting
an appropriate resistor divider from line input to the
12VMON input. The setting of the resistor divider should
make the 12VMON voltage less than 4 V at all time. During
power-up, both VCC and 12VMON will be monitored. Only
after they exceed their individual UVLO thresholds, the full
circuit will be activated and ready for soft start if the enable
pin is also valid. Both UVLO comparators have hysteresis
to avoid chattering. The second function of 12VMON pin is
to provide feed-forward input voltage information in PS2
mode, see Power Operation Mode section.
PWM Comparators with Hysteresis and 3rd state of
PWM Outputs
Four PWM comparators receive an error signal at their
non−inverting input and one of the triangle waves at its
inverting input. The output of each comparator generates the
PWM outputs G1, G2, G3 and G4.
During the steady state operation, the duty cycle will
center on the valley of the triangle waveform, with steady
state duty cycle calculated by Vout/Vin. During a transient
event, both high and low comparator output transitions shift
phase to the points where the error signal intersects the down
and up ramp of the triangle wave.
PWM signals vary between high and low in all phase
operation or forced PWM mode. In power saving mode
(PS2), PWM signals vary between high and mid level to
allow diode emulation.
Over Current Protection and Under Voltage Protection
A programmable overcurrent function is incorporated
within the IC. The inverting input of the comparator is
connected to the ILIM pin. The voltage at this pin (0~2 V)
sets the maximum output current the converter can produce.
The VREF pin provides a convenient and accurate reference
voltage from which a resistor divider can create the
overcurrent setpoint voltage. Although not actually
disabled, tying the ILIM pin directly to the VREF pin sets the
limit above useful levels − effectively disabling overcurrent
shutdown. The comparator non−inverting input is the
summed current information from the current sense
amplifier. The overcurrent event will set PWM low for the
rest of the cycle when the current information exceeds the
voltage at the ILIM pin. If the overcurrent continuously
happens and the output will eventually hit the Under Voltage
Protection (UVP) limit and it will be a latched event. The
UVP limit is set to 50% below the REFIN voltage. The
PWM outputs will stay at mid state until the VCC voltage is
removed and re−applied, or the ENABLE input is brought
low and then high.
2/3/4 Phase Operation
Besides 4−phase, the part can be configured to run in 2 or
3−phase mode. In 2−phase mode, phase 1 and 3 should be
used to drive the external gate drivers, gate outputs G2 and
G4 should be grounded. In 3−phase mode, gate output G4
should be grounded. The current sense inputs of the unused
channels should be connected to the Vcore output.
Differential Current Sense Amplifiers and Summing
Amplifier
Four differential amplifiers are provided to sense the
output current of each phase. The inputs of each current
www.onsemi.com
13
NCP81174
Over Voltage Protection
if 50% over REFIN creates a voltage above the 2 V. The
outputs will remain disabled until the VCC voltage is
removed and reapplied, or the ENABLE input is brought
low and then high.
An output voltage monitor is incorporated. During normal
operation, if the output voltage is 50% over the REFIN, the
VR_RDY goes low, the DRVON signal remains high, and
PWM outputs are set low. The limit will be clamped to 2 V
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Programming the Current Limit
Acssum
Adrp
RNOR
The VREF pin provides a 2.0 V reference voltage which
is divided down with a resistor divider (RLIM1/RLIM2) and
fed into the current limit pin ILIM. The current limit
function is based on the total sensed current of all phases
multiplied by a controlled gain (Acssum*Adrp). DCR
sensed inductor current is a function of the winding
temperature. If not using thermal compensation, the best
approach is to set the maximum current limit based on
expected average maximum temperature of the inductor
windings,
I1
RISO1
RT2
RISO2
I2
−
+
I3
RSUM
+
I4
+
OCP
−
event
Ilim
Figure 7. ACSSUM and ADRP
(eq. 5)
DCR Tmax + DCR 25 @ (1 ) 0.00393 @ (T max * 25))
As introduced before, VLIMIT comes from a resistor
divider connected to VREF, thus
For multiphase controller, the ripple current can be
calculated as,
I PP +
ǒV in * N @ V outǓ @ V out
V LIMIT + 2 V @
(eq. 6)
L @ F SW @ V in
A DRP + −
V LIMI ^ A CSSUM @ A DRP @ DCR TMAX
(eq. 7)
V LIMIT ^ A CSSUm @ A DRP @ DCR TMAX
@
ǒ
I MIN_OCP @ ) 0.5 @
@ COEpsi
(eq. 8)
R NOR @ ǒR ISO1 ) R ISO2 ) R T2Ǔ (eq. 9)
ǒR NOR ) R ISO1 ) R ISO2 ) R T2Ǔ @ R SUM
RISO1 and RISO2 are in series with RT2 , the NTC
temperature sense resistor placed near inductor. RSUM is
the resistor connecting between pin VDFB and pin CSSUM.
In PS0 mode, the current limit follows the Equation 10; In
PS1 or PS2, the current limit calculation follows
Equation 11, COEpsi is a coefficient for the current limiting
related in power saving mode PS1, PS2. COEpsi value is one
over the original phase count N. Refer to the PSI and phase
shedding section for more details.
Ǔ
ǒV in * N @ V outǓ @ V out
L @ F SW @ V in
R LIM2 ) R LIM2
A CSSUM X+ −3.93
Therefore calculate the current limit voltage as below,
@ ǒI MIN_OCP @ ) 0.5 @ I PPǓ
R LIM2
In Equation 7, ACSSUM and ADRP are the gain of current
summing amplifier and droop amplifier.
2 V@R LIM2
R LIM1)R LIM2
I LIMIT(normal) ^
3.93 @
R NOR@ǒR ISO1)R ISO2)R T2Ǔ
ǒR NOR@R ISO1)R ISO2)R T2Ǔ@R SUM
* 0.5 @
@ DCR 25° @ (1 ) 0.00393 @ (T inductor * 25))
(V in * V out) @ V out
L @ F SW @ V in
2 V@R LIM2
R LIM1)R LIM2
I LIMIT(normal) ^
3.93 @
R NOR@ǒR ISO1)R ISO2)R T2Ǔ
ǒR NOR@R ISO1)R ISO2)R T2Ǔ@R SUM
* 0.5 @
(eq. 10)
ǒV * V outǓ @ V
in
@ COEpsi
@ DCR 25° @ ǒ1 ) 0.00393 @ ǒT inductor * 25ǓǓ
out
L @ F SW @ V in
N is the number of phases involved in the circuit.
www.onsemi.com
14
(eq. 11)
NCP81174
Inductor Current Sensing Compensation
R sense(T) +
The NCP81174 uses the inductor current sensing method.
An RC filter is selected to cancel out the impedance from
inductor and recover the current information through the
inductor’s DCR. This is done by matching the RC time
constant of the sensing filter to the L/DCR time constant.
The first cut approach is to use a 0.1 uF capacitor for C and
then solve for R.
(eq. 12)
L
0.1 @ mF @ DCR 25C @ (1 ) 0.00393 @ (T * 25))
Because the inductor value is a function of load and
inductor temperature final selection of R is best done
experimentally on the bench by monitoring the VDRP pin
and performing a step load test on the actual solution.
Compensation and Output Filter Design
E1
+
R14
−
V3
Voff
E
C6
0
0
0 12
1
L
2
DCR
1
LBRD
2
RBRD
0
VRamp_min
CBulk
CCer
RSUM
ESRBulk
ESRCer
2
2
RDFB
ESLBulk
Vout
ESLCer
R8
Voff
1E4
1
1
Vdrp
C5
0
C_REFIN
R_VIDBUF
R12
COMP
PWMVID
0
R_VREF2
CFB1
CH
RFB1
CF
VREF
2.0V
REFIN
0
RF
R_VREF1
0
RFB
0
V4
R6
Voff
1E4
Voffset
C4
0
0
Figure 8. System Average Model
(eq. 13)
1
1
+
2p @ CF @ RF
2p @ (RBRD ) ESRBulk) @ CBulk
A simple state average model shown in Figure 8 can be
used to assist the system design and determine a stable
solution.
The goal is to compensate the system such that the
resulting gain generates constant output impedance from
DC up to the frequency where the ceramic takes over
holding the impedance below the target output impedance.
By matching the following equations a good set of starting
compensation values can be found for a typical mixed bulk
and ceramic capacitor type output filter.
(eq. 14)
1
1
+
2p @ CCer @ (RBRD ) ESRBulk)
2p @ CFB1 @ (RFB1 ) RFB)
Droop Injection and Thermal Compensation
The VDRP signal is generated by summing the sensed
output currents for each phase. A droop amplifier is added
to adjust the total gain to approximately eight. VDRP is
www.onsemi.com
15
NCP81174
externally summed into the feedback network by the resistor
RDRP. This introduces an offset which is proportional to the
output current thereby forcing a controlled, resistive output
impedance.
RDRP determines the target output impedance by the
basic equation:
V out
I out
+ Z out +
R FB @ DCR @ A CCSUM @ A DRP
CH
CFB1
RFB1
RF
R DRP +
CF
−
+
+
1.3 V
RDRP
Droop
Amp
RT
RISO2
−
Error
Amp
1.3 V
RISO1
RSUM
Gain = 4
−
+
CSSUM
Amp 1.3 V
RSx
+
+
RL
+
−
CSx
Gain = 1
Figure 9. Droop Injection and Thermal Compensation
Z out(T) +
(eq. 17)
Actual DCR increases by temperature. The system can be
thermally compensated to cancel this effect to a great degree
by adding an NTC in parallel with RNOR to reduce the
droop gain as the temperature increases. The NTC device is
nonlinear. Putting a resistor in series with the NTC helps
make the device appear more linear with temperature. The
series resistor is split and inserted on both sides of the NTC
to reduce noise injection into the feedback loop. The
recommended total value for RISO1 plus RISO2 is
approximately 1.0 kW.
The output impedance varies with inductor temperature
by the equation:
−
RNOR
(eq. 16)
Z out
DCR(T) + DCR 25C @ (1 ) 0.00393 @ (T * 25))
PWM
Comparator
+
R FB @ DCR @ A CSSUM @ A DRP
The value of the inductor’s DCR is a function of
temperature according to Equation 17:
RFB
I Bias
(eq. 15)
R DRP
R FB @ DCR 25C @ (1 ) 0.00393 @ (T * 25)) @ A CSSUM @ A DRP
(eq. 18)
R DRP
By including the NTC RT2 and the series isolation
resistors the new equation becomes:
R FB @ DCR 25C @ (1 ) 0.00393 @ (T * 25)) @ A CSSUM @
Z out(T) +
R
NOR
)R
ISO1
)R
ISO2
Ǔ
T2
ǒRNOR)RISO1)RISO2)RT2Ǔ@RSUM
(eq. 19)
R DRP
Zout vs Temperature
The typical equation of an NTC is based on a curve fit
Equation 20:
RT2(T) + RT2 25C @ e b
ǒ
@ R
ƪǒ
Ǔ ǒ Ǔƫ
1
1
*
298
273 ) T
0.0013
Zout
0.0012
Zout(uncomp)
(eq. 20)
0.0011
Ohm
Figure 10 shows an example of the comparison of the
compensated output impedance and uncompensated output
impedance varying with temperature.
0.001
0.0009
0.0008
0.0007
0.0006
25
45
65
85
105
Celsius
Figure 10. Zout vs. Temperature (10 kW NTC with a b
value of 3740)
www.onsemi.com
16
NCP81174
SYSTEM TIMING DIAGRAM
12V, VSYS
5V, VCC
EN
3.3V or 1.8V
1.1ms
PWMVID, 1V
DRVON
~700 us
VBOOT
VSP−VSN
~100 us
VRRDY
REFIN
VBOOT
Figure 11. System Timing Diagram
www.onsemi.com
17
NCP81174
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
QFN32 5x5, 0.5P
CASE 488AM
ISSUE A
A
B
D
PIN ONE
LOCATION
ÉÉ
ÉÉ
L
L
L1
DETAIL A
ALTERNATE TERMINAL
CONSTRUCTIONS
E
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCING PER
ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS.
3. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO PLATED
TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN
0.15 AND 0.30MM FROM THE TERMINAL TIP.
4. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED
PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS.
0.15 C
A
DETAIL B
0.10 C
ÉÉÉ
ÉÉÉ
ÇÇÇ
EXPOSED Cu
TOP VIEW
(A3)
A1
MOLD CMPD
DETAIL B
ALTERNATE
CONSTRUCTION
0.08 C
SEATING
PLANE
C
SIDE VIEW
NOTE 4
RECOMMENDED
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
DETAIL A
9
K
D2
5.30
17
8
32X
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
0.80
1.00
−−−
0.05
0.20 REF
0.18
0.30
5.00 BSC
2.95
3.25
5.00 BSC
2.95
3.25
0.50 BSC
0.20
−−−
0.30
0.50
−−−
0.15
DIM
A
A1
A3
b
D
D2
E
E2
e
K
L
L1
0.15 C
3.35
L
32X
0.63
E2
1
32
3.35 5.30
25
e
e/2
32X
b
0.10
M
C A B
0.05
M
C
BOTTOM VIEW
NOTE 3
0.50
PITCH
32X
0.30
DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering
details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and
Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks,
copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. SCILLC
reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any
particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without
limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications
and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC
does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for
surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where
personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and
its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly,
any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture
of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION
LITERATURE FULFILLMENT:
Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor
P.O. Box 5163, Denver, Colorado 80217 USA
Phone: 303−675−2175 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada
Fax: 303−675−2176 or 800−344−3867 Toll Free USA/Canada
Email: [email protected]
N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free
USA/Canada
Europe, Middle East and Africa Technical Support:
Phone: 421 33 790 2910
Japan Customer Focus Center
Phone: 81−3−5817−1050
www.onsemi.com
18
ON Semiconductor Website: www.onsemi.com
Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit
For additional information, please contact your local
Sales Representative
NCP81174/D