CAT661 D

CAT661
High Frequency 100 mA
CMOS Charge Pump,
Inverter/Doubler
Description
The CAT661 is a charge−pump voltage converter. It can invert a
positive input voltage to a negative output. Only two external
capacitors are needed. With a guaranteed 100 mA output current
capability, the CAT661 can replace a switching regulator and its
inductor. Lower EMI is achieved due to the absence of an inductor.
In addition, the CAT661 can double a voltage supplied from a
battery or power supply. Inputs from 2.5 V to 5.5 V will yield a
doubled, 5 V to 11 V output.
A Frequency Control pin (BOOST/FC) is provided to select either a
high (typically 135 kHz) or low (25 kHz) internal oscillator frequency,
thus allowing quiescent current vs. capacitor size trade−offs to be made.
The 135 kHz frequency is selected when the FC pin is connected to V+.
The operating frequency can also be adjusted with an external capacitor
at the OSC pin or by driving OSC with an external clock.
8−pin SOIC package is available. For die availability, contact
ON Semiconductor marketing.
The CAT661 can replace the MAX660 and the LTC660 in applications
where higher oscillator frequency and smaller capacitors are needed. In
addition, the CAT661 is pin compatible with the 7660/1044, offering an
easy upgrade for applications with 100 mA loads.
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Converts V+ to V− or V+ to 2V+
Low Output Resistance, 10 W Max.
High Power Efficiency
Selectable Charge Pump Frequency of 25 kHz or 135 kHz;
Optimize Capacitor Size
Low Quiescent Current
Pin−compatible to MAX660, LTC660 with Higher Frequency
Operation
Available in 8−pin SOIC Package
These Devices are Pb−Free, Halogen Free/BFR Free and are RoHS
Compliant
Negative Voltage Generator
Voltage Doubler
Voltage Splitter
Low EMI Power Source
GaAs FET Biasing
Lithium Battery Power Supply
Instrumentation
LCD Contrast Bias
Cellular Phones, Pagers
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2012
July, 2012 − Rev. 12
PIN CONFIGURATION
BOOST/FC
1
V+
CAP+
OSC
GND
LV
CAP−
OUT
(Top View)
CAT661EVA
CAT661EVA = CAT661EVA−GT3
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
CAT661EVA−GT3
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SOIC−8
V SUFFIX
CASE 751BD
MARKING DIAGRAMS
Features
•
•
•
•
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Package
Shipping
SOIC−8
(Pb−Free)
3,000 /
Tape & Reel
1. All packages are RoHS−compliant (Lead−free,
Halogen−free).
2. For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please
refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
3. For detailed information and a breakdown of
device nomenclature and numbering systems,
please see the ON Semiconductor Device Nomenclature document, TND310/D, available at
www.onsemi.com
1
Publication Order Number:
CAT661/D
CAT661
Typical Application
+VIN
1.5 V to 5.5 V
1
2
C1 +
1 mF to
100 mF
3
4
V+
BOOST/FC
CAP+
GND
CAT661
CAP−
OSC
LV
OUT
8
7
6
5
C2
1 mF to
100 mF
Inverted
Negative
Voltage
Output
C1
1
+
VIN = 2.5 V
to 5.5 V
1 mF to
100 mF
Figure 1. Voltage Inverter
2
3
4
BOOST/FC
CAP+
GND
CAP−
V+
CAT661
OSC
LV
OUT
8
7
6
Doubled
Positive
Voltage
C2 Output
1 mF to
100 mF
5
Figure 2. Positive Voltage Doubler
Table 1. PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Circuit Configuration
Pin Number
Name
Inverter Mode
1
Boost/FC
Frequency Control for the internal oscillator. With an external
oscillator BOOST/FC has no effect.
Boost/FC
Oscillator Frequency
Doubler Mode
Same as inverter.
Oscillator Frequency
Open
25 kHz typical, 10 kHz minimum
40 kHz typical
V+
135 kHz typical, 80 kHz minimum
135 kHz typical, 40 kHz minimum
2
CAP+
Charge Pump Capacitor. Positive terminal.
Same as inverter.
3
GND
Power Supply Ground.
Power supply. Positive voltage input.
4
CAP−
Charge pump capacitor. Negative terminal.
Same as inverter.
5
OUT
Output for negative voltage.
Power supply ground.
6
LV
Low−Voltage selection pin. When the input voltage is less
than 3 V, connect LV to GND. For input voltages above 3 V,
LV may be connected to GND or left open. If OSC is driven
externally, connect LV to GND.
LV must be tied to OUT for all input
voltages.
7
OSC
Oscillator control input. An external capacitor can be connected to lower the oscillator frequency. An external oscillator
can drive OSC and set the chip operating frequency. The
charge−pump frequency is one−half the frequency at OSC.
Same as inverter. Do not overdrive OSC
in doubling mode. Standard logic levels
will not be suitable. See the applications
section for additional information.
8
V+
Power supply. Positive voltage input.
Positive voltage output.
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2
CAT661
Table 2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameters
Ratings
Units
6
V
−0.3 to (V+ + 0.3)
V
The least negative of (Out − 0.3 V) or
(V+ − 6 V) to (V+ + 0.3 V)
V
1
sec.
730
500
1
mW
mW
W
−65 to +160
°C
300
°C
V+ to GND
Input Voltage (Pins 1, 6 and 7)
BOOST/FC and OSC Input Voltage
Output Short−circuit Duration to GND
(OUT may be shorted to GND for 1 sec without damage but shorting OUT
to V+ should be avoided.)
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = 70°C)
Plastic DIP
SO
TDFN
Storage Temperature
Lead Soldering Temperature (10 sec)
ESD Rating − Human Body Model
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
2000
V
−40 to +85
°C
Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the
Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect
device reliability.
NOTE: TA = Ambient Temperature
Table 3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V+ = 5 V, C1 = C2 = 100 mF, Boost/FC = Open, COSC = 0 pF, and Test Circuit is
Figure 3 unless otherwise noted. Temperature is TA = TAMIN to TAMAX unless otherwise noted.)
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Supply Current
Symbol
VS
IS
Conditions
Min
Inverter: LV = Open, RL = 1 kW
Max
Units
3.0
5.5
V
Inverter: LV = GND, RL = 1 kW
1.5
5.5
Doubler: LV = OUT, RL = 1 kW
2.5
5.5
BOOST/FC = open, LV = Open
BOOST/FC = V+, LV = Open
Output Current
Output Resistance
IOUT
RO
Oscillator Frequency
(Note 6)
FOSC
OSC Input Current
IOSC
Power Efficiency
PE
OUT is more negative than −4 V
VEFF
0.2
0.5
1
3
100
3.5
10
C1 = C2 = 100 mF (Note 5)
3.5
10
BOOST/FC = Open
10
25
BOOST/FC = V+
80
135
BOOST/FC = Open
BOOST/FC = V+
W
kHz
±2
±10
mA
%
RL = 1 kW connected between V+ and OUT,
TA = 25°C (Doubler)
96
98
RL = 500 W connected between GND and OUT,
TA = 25°C (Inverter)
92
96
99
99.9
No load, TA = 25°C
mA
mA
C1 = C2 = 10 mF
BOOST/FC = V+ (C1, C2 ESR ≤ 0.5 W)
IL = 100 mA to GND, TA = 25°C (Inverter)
Voltage Conversion
Efficiency
Typ
88
%
4. In Figure 3, test circuit electrolytic capacitors C1 and C2 are 100 mF and have 0.2 W maximum ESR. Higher ESR levels may reduce efficiency
and output voltage.
5. The output resistance is a combination of the internal switch resistance and the external capacitor ESR. For maximum voltage and efficiency
keep external capacitor ESR under 0.2 W.
6. FOSC is tested with COSC = 100 pF to minimize test fixture loading. The test is correlated back to COSC = 0 pF to simulate the capacitance
at OSC when the device is inserted into a test socket without an external COSC.
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3
CAT661
Voltage Inverter
CAT661
1
V+
2
+
C1
100 mF
3
4
BOOST/FC
V+
OSC
CAP+
LV
GND
OUT
CAP−
8
IS
V+
5V
External
Oscillator
7
6
RL
COSC
IL
5
+
VOUT
C2
100 mF
Figure 3. Test Circuit Voltage Inverter
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
(Typical characteristic curves are generated using the test circuit in Figure 3. Inverter test conditions are: V+ = 5 V, LV = GND,
BOOST/FC = Open and TA = 25°C unless otherwise indicated. Note that the charge−pump frequency is one−half the oscillator frequency.)
1400
250
INPUT CURRENT (mA)
INPUT CURRENT (mA)
1200
1000
800
FC = V+
600
400
FC = open
200
0
1
2
3
4
5
150
VIN = 3 V
100
VIN = 2 V
50
−25
0
25
50
75
100
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 4. Supply Current vs. Input Voltage
Figure 5. Supply Current vs. Temperature
(No Load)
125
8
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (W)
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (W)
VIN = 5 V
0
−50
6
10
8
6
4
2
0
200
1
2
3
4
5
7
6
5
4
VIN = 5 V
3
2
−50
6
VIN = 2 V
VIN = 3 V
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 6. Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage
Figure 7. Output Resistance vs. Temperature
(50 W Load)
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CAT661
1.0
4.8
0.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
FREQUENCY (kHz)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5.0
0
20
40
60
80
0.4
V+ = 5 V
0.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
Figure 8. Inverted Output Voltage vs. Load,
V+ = 5 V
Figure 9. Output Voltage Drop vs. Load
Current
50
200
40
160
30
20
0
V+ = 3 V
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
FC = Open
120
FC = V+
80
40
10
1
2
3
4
5
0
6
1
3
2
4
5
6
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 10. Oscillator Frequency vs. Supply
Voltage
Figure 11. Oscillator Frequency vs. Supply
Voltage
100
10,000
No Load
V+ = 5 V
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
INPUT CURRENT (mA)
0.6
0
100
FREQUENCY (kHz)
INV. OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
1,000
100
V+ = 3 V
80
70
60
50
10
1
10
100
1,000
40
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
Figure 12. Supply Current vs. Oscillator
Frequency
Figure 13. Efficiency vs. Load Current
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CAT661
Voltage Doubler
CAT661
1
V+
2
C1 +
100 mF
V+
5V
3
4
BOOST/FC
V+
OSC
CAP+
LV
GND
OUT
CAP−
8
10 V VOUT
7
External
Oscillator
6
5
C2
100 μF
Figure 14. Test Circuit Voltage Doubler
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
(Typical characteristic curves are generated using the circuit in Figure 14. Doubler test conditions are:
V+ = 5 V, LV = GND, BOOST/FC = Open and TA = 25°C unless otherwise indicated.)
3000
10
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (W)
INPUT CURRENT (mA)
2500
2000
1500
FC = V+
1000
FC = open
500
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
4
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 15. Supply Current vs. Input Voltage
(No Load)
Figure 16. Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage
1.0
No Load
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT CURRENT (mA)
6
0
6
10,000
1,000
100
10
8
1
10
100
1,000
0.8
0.6
V+ = 3 V
0.4
V+ = 5 V
0.2
0
0
20
40
60
80
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
Figure 17. Supply Current vs. Oscillator
Frequency
Figure 18. Output Voltage Drop vs. Load
Current
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100
CAT661
Application Information
Circuit Description and Operating Theory
The CAT661 switches capacitors to invert or double an
input voltage.
Figure 19 shows a simple switch capacitor circuit. In
position 1 capacitor C1 is charged to voltage V1. The total
charge on C1 is Q1 = C1V1. When the switch moves to
position 2, the input capacitor C1 is discharged to voltage
V2. After discharge, the charge on C1 is Q2 = C1V2.
The charge transferred is:
DQ + Q1 * Q2 + C1
Figure 20. This circuit does not include the switch resistance
nor does it include output voltage ripple. It does allow one
to understand the switch−capacitor topology and make
prudent engineering tradeoffs.
For example, power conversion efficiency is set by the
output impedance, which consists of REQ and switch
resistance. As switching frequency is decreased, REQ, the
1/FC1 term, will dominate the output impedance, causing
higher voltage losses and decreased efficiency. As the
frequency is increased quiescent current increases. At high
frequency this current becomes significant and the power
efficiency degrades.
The oscillator is designed to operate where voltage losses
are a minimum. With external 150 mF capacitors, the internal
switch resistances and the Equivalent Series Resistance
(ESR) of the external capacitors determine the effective
output impedance.
A block diagram of the CAT661 is shown in Figure 21.
(V1 * V2)
If the switch is cycled “F” times per second, the current
(charge transfer per unit time) is:
I+F
DQ + F
C1 (V1 * V2)
Rearranging in terms of impedance:
I+
(V1 * V2)
+ V1 * V2
REQ
(1ńFC1)
The 1/FC1 term can be modeled as an equivalent
impedance REQ. A simple equivalent circuit is shown in
REQ
V2
V1
C1
C2
V2
V1
RL
C2
RL
REQ + 1
FC1
Figure 19. Switched−Capacitor Building Block
Figure 20. Switched−Capacitor Equivalent Circuit
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CAT661
Oscillator Frequency Control
By connecting the BOOST/FC pin to V+, the charge and
discharge currents are increased, and the frequency is
increased by approximately 6 times. Increasing the
frequency will decrease the output impedance and ripple
currents. This can be an advantage at high load currents.
Increasing the frequency raises quiescent current but allows
smaller capacitance values for C1 and C2.
If pin 7, OSC, is loaded with an external capacitor the
frequency is lowered. By using the BOOST/FC pin and an
external capacitor at OSC, the operating frequency can be
set.
Note that the frequency appearing at CAP+ or CAP− is
one−half that of the oscillator.
Driving the CAT661 from an external frequency source
can be easily achieved by driving Pin 7 and leaving the
BOOST pin open, as shown in Figure 22. The output current
from Pin 7 is small, typically 1 mA to 8 mA, so a CMOS can
drive the OSC pin. For 5 V applications, a TTL logic gate can
be used if an external 100 kΩ pull−up resistor is used as
shown in Figure 23.
The switching frequency can be raised, lowered or driven
from an external source. Figure 22 shows a functional
diagram of the oscillator circuit.
The CAT661 oscillator has four control modes:
Table 4.
OSC Pin
Connection
Nominal
Oscillator
Frequency
Open
Open
25 kHz
BOOST/FC = V+
Open
135 kHz
Open or
BOOST/FC = V+
External Capacitor
−
External Clock
Frequency of
external clock
BOOST/FC
Pin Connection
Open
If BOOST/FC and OSC are left floating (Open), the
nominal oscillator frequency is 25 kHz. The pump
frequency is one−half the oscillator frequency.
V+
(8)
SW1
BOOST/FC
f
8x
(1)
OSC
+
B2
CAP−
(4)
f
OSC
(7)
SW2
CAP+
(2)
C1
VOUT
(5)
C2
+
LV
(6)
CLOSED WHEN
V+ > 3.0 V
GND
(3)
Figure 21. CAT661 Block Diagram
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(N) = Pin Number
CAT661
Capacitor Selection
Output voltage ripple is determined by the value of C2 and
the load current. C2 is charged and discharged at a current
roughly equal to the load current. The internal switching
frequency is one−half the oscillator frequency.
Low ESR capacitors are necessary to minimize voltage
losses, especially at high load currents. The exact values of
C1 and C2 are not critical but low ESR capacitors are
necessary.
The ESR of capacitor C1, the pump capacitor, can have a
pronounced effect on the output. C1 currents are
approximately twice the output current and losses occur on
both the charge and discharge cycle. The ESR effects are
thus multiplied by four. A 0.5 Ω ESR for C1 will have the
same effect as a 2 Ω increase in CAT661 output impedance.
VRIPPLE + IOUTń(FOSC
C2) ) IOUT
ESRC2
For example, with a 25 kHz oscillator frequency
(12.5 kHz switching frequency), a 150 mF C2 capacitor with
an ESR of 0.2 Ω and a 100 mA load peak−to−peak ripple
voltage is 45 mV.
Table 5. VRIPPLE vs. FOSC
VRIPPLE (mV)
IOUT (mA)
FOSC (kHz)
C2 (mF)
C2 ESR (W)
45
100
25
150
0.2
25
100
135
150
0.2
V+
7.0 I
I
REQUIRED FOR TTL LOGIC
BOOST/FC
(1)
CAT661
NC
OSC
(7)
+
C1
~18 pF
LV
(6)
V+
7.0 I
1
8
V+
BOOST/FC
2
7
CAP+
OSC
3
6
GND
LV
4
5
CAP−
OUT
I
100 k
−V+
+
Figure 22. Oscillator
C2
Figure 23. External Clocking
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OSC
INPUT
CAT661
Capacitor Suppliers
The following manufacturers supply low−ESR capacitors:
Table 6. CAPACITOR SUPPLIERS
Manufacturer
Capacitor Type
Phone
WEB
Email
Comments
AVX/Kyocera
TPS/TPS3
843−448−9411
www.avxcorp.com
[email protected]
Tantalum
Vishay/Sprague
595
402−563−6866
www.vishay.com
−
Aluminum
Sanyo
MV−AX, UGX
619−661−6835
www.sanyo.com
[email protected]
Aluminum
Nichicon
F55
847−843−7500
www.nichicon−us.com
−
Tantalum
HC/HD
Aluminum
Capacitor manufacturers continually introduce new series and offer different package styles. It is recommended that before
a design is finalized capacitor manufacturers should be surveyed for their latest product offerings.
Controlling Loss in CAT661 Applications
3. Output or reservoir (C2) capacitor ESR:
VLOSSC2 = ESRC2 x ILOAD, where ESRC2 is
the ESR of capacitor C2.
Increasing the value of C2 and/or decreasing its ESR will
reduce noise and ripple.
The effective output impedance of a CAT661 circuit is
approximately:
There are three primary sources of voltage loss:
1. Output resistance:
VLOSS = ILOAD x ROUT, where ROUT is the
CAT661 output resistance and ILOAD is the load
current.
2. Charge pump (C1) capacitor ESR:
VLOSSC1 ≈ 4 x ESRC1 x ILOAD, where
ESRC1 is the ESR of capacitor C1.
Rcircuit [ Rout 661 ) (4
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ESRC1) ) ESRC2
CAT661
Typical Applications
Voltage Inversion Positive−to−Negative
The CAT661 easily provides a negative supply voltage from a positive supply in the system. Figure 24 shows a typical circuit.
The LV pin may be left floating for positive input voltages at or above 3.3 V.
CAT661
NC
1
2
+
3
C1
4
V+
BOOST/FC
OSC
CAP+
LV
GND
OUT
CAP−
8
VIN
1.5 V to 5.5 V
7
6
5
+
VOUT = −VIN
C2
Figure 24. Voltage Inverter
Positive Voltage Doubler
The voltage doubler circuit shown in Figure 25 gives VOUT = 2 x VIN for input voltages from 2.5 V to 5.5 V.
1N5817*
CAT661
1
2
C1
150 mF
VIN
+
3
4
2.5 V to 5.5 V
BOOST/FC
CAP+
GND
V+
OSC
LV
CAP−
OUT
8
7
6
5
*SCHOTTKY DIODE IS FOR START−UP ONLY
Figure 25. Voltage Doubler
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11
+
VOUT = 2VIN
C2
150 mF
CAT661
Precision Voltage Divider
A precision voltage divider is shown in Figure 26. With load currents under 100 nA, the voltage at pin 2 will be within 0.002%
of V+/2.
CAT661
1
2
+
3
C1
150 mF
V ) ± 0.002%
2
IL ≤ 100 nA
4
BOOST/FC
V+
CAP+
OSC
GND
LV
CAP−
OUT
8
7
V+
3 V to 11 V
6
5
+
C2
150 mF
Figure 26. Precision Voltage Divider (Load 3 100 nA)
Battery Voltage Splitter
Positive and negative voltages that track each other can be obtained from a battery. Figure 27 shows how a 9 V battery can
provide symmetrical positive and negative voltages equal to one−half the battery voltage.
CAT661
BATTERY
9V
3 V ≤ VBAT ≤ 11 V
1
VBAT
C1
150 mF
2
+
3
4
BOOST/FC
CAP+
V+
OSC
GND
LV
CAP−
OUT
8
7
V
) BAT (4.5 V)
2
6
V
* BAT (−4.5 V)
2
5
+
Figure 27. Battery Splitter
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C2
150 mF
CAT661
Cascade Operation for Higher Negative Voltages
The CAT661 can be cascaded as shown in Figure 28 to generate more negative voltage levels. The output resistance is
approximately the sum of the individual CAT661 output resistance.
VOUT = −N x VIN, where N represents the number of cascaded devices.
+VIN
8
8
2
2
+
CAT661
“1”
3
C1
+
CAT661
“N”
3
C1N
5
4
5
4
+
VOUT = −NVIN
+
C2
C2
Figure 28. Cascading to Increase Output Voltage
Parallel Operation
Paralleling CAT661 devices will lower output resistance. As shown in Figure 29, each device requires its own pump
capacitor, C2, but the output reservoir capacitor is shared with all devices. The value of C2 should be increased by a factor of
N, where N is the number of devices.
ROUT +
ROUT (of CAT661)
N (NUMBER OF DEVICES)
+VIN
8
8
2
2
+
C1
3
4
CAT661
“1”
+
3
C1N
5
4
CAT661
“N”
5
+
Figure 29. Reduce Output Resistance BY Paralleling Devices
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C2
CAT661
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
SOIC 8, 150 mils
CASE 751BD−01
ISSUE O
E1
E
SYMBOL
MIN
A
1.35
1.75
A1
0.10
0.25
b
0.33
0.51
c
0.19
0.25
D
4.80
5.00
E
5.80
6.20
E1
3.80
MAX
4.00
1.27 BSC
e
PIN # 1
IDENTIFICATION
NOM
h
0.25
0.50
L
0.40
1.27
θ
0º
8º
TOP VIEW
D
h
A1
θ
A
c
e
b
L
SIDE VIEW
END VIEW
Notes:
(1) All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles in degrees.
(2) Complies with JEDEC MS-012.
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks,
copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. SCILLC
reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any
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limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications
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