DATASHEET

Digital Ambient Light Sensor and Proximity Sensor with
Interrupt Function
ISL29011
Features
The ISL29011 is an integrated ambient and infrared
light-to-digital converter with a built-in IR LED driver and I2C
Interface (SMBus Compatible). This device provides not only
ambient light sensing to allow robust backlight/display brightness
control but also infrared sensing to allow proximity estimation
featured with interrupt function.
Proximity Sensing
For ambient light sensing, an internal ADC has been designed
based on the charge-balancing A/D conversion technique. The
ADC conversion time is nominally 90ms and is user adjustable
from 11µs to 90ms, depending on oscillator frequency and ADC
resolution. This ADC is capable of rejecting 50Hz and 60Hz flicker
noise caused by artificial light sources. The lux-range-select
feature allows users to program the lux range for optimized
counts/lux.
• Programmable LED current modulation frequency
For proximity sensing, the ADC is used to digitize the output signal
from the photodiode array when the internal IR LED driver is
turned on and off for the programmed time periods under
user-selected modulation frequency to drive the external IR LED.
As this proximity sensor employs a noise cancellation scheme to
highly reject unwanted IR noise, the digital output of proximity
sensing decreases with distance. The driver output current is user
selectable up to 100mA to drive different types of IR emitter
LEDs.
Six different modes of operation can be selected via the I2C
interface: Programmable ALS once with auto power-down,
programmable IR sensing once, programmable proximity sensing
once, programmable continuous ALS sensing, programmable
continuous IR sensing and programmable continuous proximity
sensing. The programmable one-time operation modes greatly
reduce power because an immediate automatic shutdown
reduces overall supply current less than 0.5µA.
The ISL29011 supports both hardware and software interrupts
that remain asserted until the host clears it through the I2C
interface for ambient light sensing and proximity detection.
• Ambient IR cancellation during proximity sensing
- Works under direct sunlight
• IR LED driver with programmable source current
- Adjustable current drive from 100mA to 12.5mA
• Variable conversion resolution
Ambient Light Sensing
• Simple output code directly proportional to lux
• Adjustable sensitivity up to 65 counts per lux
• Selectable range (via I2C)
- Range 1 = 0.015 lux to 1,000 lux
- Range 2 = 0.06 lux to 4,000 lux
- Range 3 = 0.24 lux to 16,000 lux
- Range 4 = 0.96 lux to 64,000 lux
• Integrated 50Hz/60Hz noise rejection
• Works under various light sources, including sunlight
Ideal Spectral Response for Light and Proximity Sensor
• Light sensor close to human eye response
- Excellent light sensor IR and UV rejection
• Proximity sensor range from 850nm to 950nm
- Can use either 850nm or 950nm LED solution
Ultra Low Power
• 90µA max operating current
• Software shutdown and automatic shutdown
- 0.5µA max shutdown current
Easy to Use
• I2C (SMBus compatible) output
Designed to operate on supplies from 2.25V to 3.63V, the
ISL29011 is specified for operation over the -40°C to +85°C
ambient temperature range. It is packaged in a clear, Pb-free 8 Ld
ODFN package.
• No complex algorithms needed
Applications
• Small form factor
- 8 Ld 2.0mmx2.1mmx0.7mm ODFN package
• Display and keypad dimming adjustment and proximity
sensing for:
- Mobile devices: smart phone, PDA, GPS
- Computing devices: Notebook PC, Webpad
- Consumer devices: LCD-TV, digital picture frame, digital
camera
Additional Features
• Temperature compensated
• I2C and SMBus compatible
• 1.7V to 3.63V supply for I2C interface
• 2.25V to 3.63V sensor power supply
• Pb-Free (RoHS compliant)
• Industrial and medical light and proximity sensing
May 1, 2014
FN6467.6
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2009-2012, 2014. All Rights Reserved
Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL29011
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
PACKAGE
Tape and Reel
(Pb-Free)
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
ISL29011IROZ-T7
-40 to +85
ISL29011IROZ-EVALZ
8 Ld ODFN
PKG.
DWG. #
L8.2.1x2.0
Evaluation Board
NOTES:
1. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and NiPdAu
plate - e4 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are
MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL29011. For more information on MSL, please see tech brief TB477.
Pin Configuration
ISL29011
(8 LD ODFN)
TOP VIEW)
VDDD 1
8 IRDR
VDDA 2
7 INT
GND 3
6 SDA
REXT 4
5 SCL
EXPOSED PAD CAN BE CONNECTED TO GND OR
ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED
Pin Descriptions
PIN NUMBER
PIN NAME
DESCRIPTION
1
VDDD
Positive digital supply: 2.25V to 3.63V.
2
VDDA
Positive analog supply: 2.25V to 3.63V, VDDA and VDDD should be externally shorted.
3
GND
Ground. The thermal pad is also connected to the GND pin.
4
REXT
External resistor pin setting the internal reference current and the conversion time. 499kΩ with a 1% tolerance resistor
is recommended.
5
SCL
I2C serial clock line
6
SDA
I2C serial data line
7
INT
Interrupt pin; LO for interrupt/alarming. The INT pin is an open drain.
8
IRDR
The I2C bus lines can be pulled from 1.7V to above VDD, 3.63V max.
IR LED driver pin connecting to the anode of the external IR LED. The source current of the IR LED driver can be
programmed through I2C.
Exposed pad connected to ground or electrically isolated.
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ISL29011
Block Diagram
VDDA
VDDD
2
1
PHOTODIODE
ARRAY
COMMAND
REGISTER
LIGHT DATA
PROCESS
ALS AND IR
INTEGRATION
ADC
DATA
REGISTER
6
SDA
5
SCL
INTERRUPT
7
INT
IR DRIVER
8
IRDR
I2C
IR PHOTODIODE
ARRAY
IREF
FOSC
ISL29011
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4
3
REXT
GND
3
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ISL29011
Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = +25°C)
Thermal Information
VSUP(VDDD,VDDA) Supply Voltage between VDD and GND . . . . . . . . . . . . 4V
VDDA Supply Voltage between VDDA and GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . VDDD ± 0.5V
I2C Bus (SCL, SDA) and INT Pin Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2V to 4V
I2C Bus (SCL, SDA) and INT Pin Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <10mA
IRDR Pin Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2V to VDD + 0.5V
REXT Pin Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.2V to VDD + 0.5V
ESD Rating
Human Body Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3kV
Thermal Resistance (Typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W)
8 Ld ODFN (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
14
Maximum Die Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +90°C
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +100°C
Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°C to +85°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB477
*Peak temperature during solder reflow +235°C max
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTE:
4. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech
Brief TB379.
5. For JC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
IMPORTANT NOTE: All parameters having Min/Max specifications are guaranteed. Typical values are for information purposes only. Unless otherwise
noted, all tests are at the specified temperature and are pulsed tests, therefore: TJ = TC = TA
Electrical Specifications
specified.
PARAMETER
VSUP(VDDD,VDDA) = 3V, TA = +25°C, REXT = 499kΩ 1% tolerance, 16-bit ADC operation, unless otherwise
DESCRIPTION
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 10)
TYP
MAX
(Note 10)
UNITS
3.63
V
VSUP
Power Supply Range for VDDD, VDDA
(Note 6)
SR_VDD
Required Input Power-up Slew Rate
VDD rising edge between 0.4V and 2.25V
0.5
ISUP(OFF)
Supply Current when Powered Down
Software disabled or auto power-down
0.1
0.5
µA
ISUP(ON)
Supply Current of Ambient Light and
IR Sensing
70
90
µA
750
825
kHz
fOSC
Internal Oscillator Frequency
tint
ADC Integration/Conversion Time
FI2C
I2C Clock Rate Range
DATA_0
Count Output When Dark
DATA_FS
Full Scale ADC Code
2.25
675
16-bit ADC data
E = 0 lux
V/ms
90
ms
1 to 400
kHz
1
5
Counts
65535
Counts
DATA
DATA
Count Output Variation Over Three
Light Sources: Fluorescent,
Incandescent and Sunlight
Ambient light sensing
DATA_1
Light Count Output With LSB of
0.015 lux/count
E = 300 lux, Fluorescent light (Note 7), Ambient
light sensing, Range 1 (1k lux)
DATA_2
Light Count Output With LSB of
0.06 lux/count
E = 300 lux, Fluorescent light (Note 7), Ambient
light sensing, Range 2 (4k lux)
5000
Counts
DATA_3
Light Count Output With LSB of
0.24 lux/count
E = 300 lux, Fluorescent light (Note 7), Ambient
light sensing, Range 3 (16k lux)
1250
Counts
DATA_4
Light Count Output With LSB of
0.96 lux/count
E = 300 lux, Fluorescent light (Note 7), Ambient
light sensing, Range 4 (64k lux)
312
Counts
DATA_IR1
Infrared Count Output
E = 210 lux, Sunlight (Note 8), IR sensing, Range 1
DATA_IR2
Infrared Count Output
E = 210 lux, Sunlight (Note 8), IR sensing, Range 2
5000
Counts
DATA_IR3
Infrared Count Output
E = 210 lux, Sunlight (Note 8), IR sensing, Range 3
1250
Counts
DATA_IR4
Infrared Count Output
E = 210 lux, Sunlight (Note 8), IR sensing, Range 4
312
Counts
0.52
V
VREF
Voltage of REXT Pin
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±10
15000
15000
20000
20000
%
25000
25000
Counts
Counts
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ISL29011
Electrical Specifications
specified. (Continued)
PARAMETER
IINT
VSUP(VDDD,VDDA) = 3V, TA = +25°C, REXT = 499kΩ 1% tolerance, 16-bit ADC operation, unless otherwise
DESCRIPTION
TEST CONDITIONS
INT Current Sinking Capability
MIN
(Note 10)
4
15Ω at IRDR pin
TYP
MAX
(Note 10)
UNITS
5
mA
100
mA
IIRDR1
IRDR Source Current
IS<1:0> = 0
(Note 9)
IIRDR2
IRDR Source Current
IS<1:0> = 1
(Note 9)
IIRDR3
IRDR Source Current
IS<1:0> = 2
(Note 9)
25
mA
IIRDR4
IRDR Source Current
IS<1:0> = 3
(Note 9)
12.5
mA
VIRLED
Voltage Head Room of IRDR Pin
IRDR = 90mA, IS<1:0> = 0 (Note 9)
VDD - 1.0
V
tr
Rise Time for IRDR Source Current
RLOAD = 15Ω at IRDR pin, 20% to 80%
35
ns
tf
Fall Time for IRDR Source Current
RLOAD = 15Ω at IRDR pin, 80% to 20%
10
ns
fIRLED1
IR LED Modulation Frequency
Frequency = 0 (Note 9)
DC
kHz
fIRLED2
IR LED Modulation Frequency
44
50
58
mA
Frequency = 1 (Note 9)
360
kHz
ISUP (IRLED1) Supply Current of Proximity Sensing
IS<1:0> = 0, Frequency = 0 (Note 9)
101
mA
ISUP (IRLED2) Supply Current of Proximity Sensing
IS<1:0> = 0, Frequency = 1 (Note 9)
51
mA
50
%
IR and proximity sensing with Range 2 and
Scheme 0; 15Ω @ IRDR pin, IS<1:0> = 0,
Frequency = 0; E = 210 lux, Sunlight.
1.0
%
Duty Cycle
PROX-IR
PROX
Duty Cycle of IR LED Modulation
Differential ADC Output of IR and
Proximity Sensing With Object Far
Away to Provide No Reflection
NOTES:
6. VSUP is the common voltage to VDDD and VDDA.
7. 550nm green LED is used in production test. The 550nm LED irradiance is calibrated to produce the same DATA count against an illuminance level
of 300 lux fluorescent light.
8. 850nm infrared LED is used in production test. The 850nm LED irradiance is calibrated to produce the same DATA_IR count against an illuminance
level of 210 lux sunlight at sea level.
9. See “Register Set” on page 10.
I2C Electrical Specifications
tolerance, 16-bit ADC operation.
PARAMETER
For SCL and SDA unless otherwise noted, VSUP(VDDD,VDDA) = 3V, TA = +25°C, REXT = 499kΩ 1%
DESCRIPTION
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 10)
TYP
MAX
(Note 10)
UNITS
3.63
V
VI C
Supply Voltage Range for I2C Interface
fSCL
SCL Clock Frequency
400
kHz
VIL
SCL and SDA Input Low Voltage
0.55
V
VIH
SCL and SDA Input High Voltage
Vhys
Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger Input
VOL
Low-Level Output Voltage (Open-drain) at
4mA Sink Current
2
Ii
Input Leakage for Each SDA, SCL Pin
1.7
1.25
V
0.05VDD
V
-10
0.4
V
10
µA
tSP
Pulse Width of Spikes that must be
Suppressed by the Input Filter
50
ns
tAA
SCL Falling Edge to SDA Output Data Valid
900
ns
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ISL29011
I2C Electrical Specifications
tolerance, 16-bit ADC operation. (Continued)
PARAMETER
For SCL and SDA unless otherwise noted, VSUP(VDDD,VDDA) = 3V, TA = +25°C, REXT = 499kΩ 1%
DESCRIPTION
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 10)
TYP
MAX
(Note 10)
UNITS
10
pF
Ci
Capacitance for each SDA and SCL pin
tHD:STA
Hold Time (Repeated) START Condition
After this period, the first clock pulse
is generated.
600
ns
tLOW
LOW Period of the SCL clock
Measured at the 30% of VDD crossing
1300
ns
tHIGH
HIGH period of the SCL Clock
600
ns
tSU:STA
Set-up Time for a Repeated START Condition
600
ns
tHD:DAT
Data Hold Time
30
ns
tSU:DAT
Data Set-up Time
100
ns
ns
tR
Rise Time of both SDA and SCL Signals
20 + 0.1xCb
tF
Fall Time of both SDA and SCL Signals
tSU:STO
tBUF
Cb
20 + 0.1xCb
ns
Set-up Time for STOP Condition
600
ns
Bus Free Time Between a STOP and START
Condition
1300
ns
Capacitive Load for Each Bus Line
Rpull-up
SDA and SCL System Bus Pull-Up Resistor
400
Maximum is determined by tR and tF
1
pF
kΩ
tVD;DAT
Data Valid Time
0.9
µs
tVD:ACK
Data Valid Acknowledge Time
0.9
µs
VnL
Noise Margin at the LOW Level
0.1VDD
V
VnH
Noise Margin at the HIGH Level
0.2VDD
V
NOTE:
10. Compliance to datasheet limits is assured by one or more methods: production test, characterization and/or design.
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ISL29011
FIGURE 1. I2C TIMING DIAGRAM
Principles of Operation
Photodiodes and ADC
The ISL29011 contains two photodiode arrays which convert
light into current. The spectral response for ambient light sensing
and IR sensing is shown in Figure 8 in the performance curves
section. After light is converted to current during the light signal
process, the current output is converted to digital by a built-in
16-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). An I2C command reads
the ambient light or IR intensity in counts.
The converter is a charge-balancing integrating type 16-bit ADC.
The chosen method for conversion is best for converting small
current signals in the presence of an AC periodic noise. A 100ms
integration time, for instance, highly rejects 50Hz and 60Hz power
line noise simultaneously. See “Integration and Conversion Time”
on page 11.
The built-in ADC offers user flexibility in integration time or
conversion time. Integration time is determined by an internal
oscillator (fOSC), and the n-bit (n = 4, 8, 12, 16) counter inside the
ADC. A good balancing act of integration time and resolution
depending on the application is required for optimal results.
The ADC has I2C programmable range select to dynamically
accommodate various lighting conditions. For very dim conditions,
the ADC can be configured at its lowest range (Range 1) in the
ambient light sensing. For very bright conditions, the ADC can be
configured at its highest range (Range 4) in the proximity sensing.
Low-Power Operation
The ISL29011 initial operation is at the power-down mode after a
supply voltage is provided. The data registers contain the default
value of zero. When the ISL29011 receives an I2C command to
do a one-time measurement from an I2C master, it will start ADC
conversion with light or proximity sensing. It will go to the
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power-down mode automatically after one conversion is finished
and keep the conversion data available for the master to fetch
anytime afterwards. The ISL29011 will continuously do ADC
conversion with light or proximity sensing, if it receives an I2C
command of continuous measurement. It will continuously
update the data registers with the latest conversion data, and It
will go to the power-down mode after it receives the I2C
command of power-down.
Ambient Light, IR and Proximity Sensing
There are six operational modes in ISL29011: Programmable ALS
once with auto power-down, programmable IR sensing once with
auto power-down, programmable proximity sensing once with auto
power-down, programmable continuous ALS sensing,
programmable continuous IR sensing, programmable continuous
proximity sensing. These six modes can be programmed in series
to fulfill the application needs. The detailed program configuration
is listed in “Register Set” on page 10.
When the part is programmed for ambient light sensing, the
ambient light with wavelength within the “Ambient Light
Sensing” spectral response curve in Figure 8 is converted into
current. With ADC, the current is converted to an unsigned n-bit
(up to 16 bits) digital output.
When the part is programmed for infrared (IR) sensing, the IR
light with wavelength within the “IR or Proximity Sensing”
spectral response curve on Figure 8 is converted into current.
With ADC, the current is converted to an unsigned n-bit
(up to 16 bits) digital output.
When the part is programmed for proximity sensing, the external
IR LED is turned on by the built-in IR LED driver through the IRDR
pin. The amplitude of the IR LED current and the IR LED
modulation frequency can be programmed through Command
Register II. When the IR from the LED reaches an object and gets
reflected back, the reflected IR light with wavelength within the
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ISL29011
“IR or Proximity Sensing” spectral response curve in Figure 8 is
converted into current. With ADC, the current is converted to an
unsigned n-bit (up to 16 bits) digital output. The output reading is
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the
sensor and the object.
for example, can be ignored by setting the persistency to
8 integration cycles.
Interrupt Function
A common application for the ISL29011 is alternating between
ambient light and proximity measurements. The two states have
different command words and threshold settings. To avoid an
unintentional interrupt the device should be powered down before
the state change. The conversion should not be enabled until the
new command word and thresholds have been set. A safe sequence
is to set the operation mode to power-down, set the command word
and thresholds to the new state, then set the operation mode to
desired setting.
The active low interrupt pin is an open drain pull-down
configuration. There is also an interrupt bit in the I2C register. The
interrupt serves as an alarm or monitoring function to determine
whether the ambient light level or the proximity detection level
exceeds the upper threshold or goes below the lower threshold.
The user can also configure the persistency of the interrupt. This
reduces the possibility of false triggers, such as noise or sudden
spikes in ambient light conditions. An unexpected camera flash,
Changing States - Avoiding Unintentional
Interrupts
Example:
State 0: Ambient light
Sequence State 0 -> State 1
Operation Mode = ALS continuous
Interrupt Persist = 1
Resolution = 16 bits
Range = 1000 Lux
Scheme, Frequency & IRDR = X (DONT CARE)
Threshold High = 100 Lux
Threshold Low = 10 Lux
Command1 = 101x xx00
Command2 = xxxx 0000
Hi Threshold = 655
Lo Threshold = 66
Off:
Write Byte Command1 = 0
State 1 setup:
Write Word (Command 1&2) = B401h
Write Word (Hi Threshold) = 05FFh
Write Word (Lo Threshold) = F800h
On:
Write Byte Command1 = E1h
State 1: Proximity - interrupt when NEAR
Operation Mode = Proximity continuous
Interrupt Persist = 4
Resolution = 12 bits
Range = 1
Scheme = 1
Frequency = 0
IRDR = 100mA
Threshold High =
NEAR
Threshold Low = OFF
Command1 = 111x xx01
Command2 = 1011 0100
Hi Threshold = 1535 (75% of 2047)
Lo Threshold = -2048 (OFF)
Sequence State 1 -> State 0
Off:
Write Byte Command1 = 0
State 0 setup:
Write Word (Command 1&2) = B000h
Write Word (Hi Threshold) = 028Fh
Write Word (Lo Threshold) = 0042h
On:
Write Byte Command1 = A0h
FIGURE 2. CHANGING STATES FLOW EXAMPLE
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ISL29011
I2C Interface
Figure 3 shows a sample one-byte read. Figure 4 shows a sample
one-byte write. The I2C bus master always drives the SCL (clock) line,
while either the master or the slave can drive the SDA (data) line.
Figure 4 shows a sample write. Every I2C transaction begins with the
master asserting a start condition (SDA falling while SCL remains
high). The following byte is driven by the master, and includes the
slave address and read/write bit. The receiving device is responsible
for pulling SDA low during the acknowledgement period. Every I2C
transaction ends with the master asserting a stop condition (SDA
rising while SCL remains high).
There are eight 8-bit registers available inside the ISL29011. The
two command registers define the operation of the device. The
command registers do not change until the registers are
overwritten. The two 8-bit data Read Only registers are for the ADC
output and the Timer output. The data registers contain the ADC's
latest digital output. The four 8-bit interrupt registers hold 16-bit
interrupt high and low thresholds.
The ISL29011’s I2C interface slave address is internally hard-wired
as 1000100. When 1000100x with x as R or W is sent after the
Start condition, this device compares the first seven bits of this byte
to its address and matches.
I2C DATA
DEVICE ADDRESS
START
I2C SDA
IN
I2C SDA
OUT
I2C CLK
2
3
4
5
7
6
A
8
9
2
3
5
4
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
SDA DRIVEN BY ISL29011
A
SDA DRIVEN BY MASTER
9
DATA BYTE0
A
A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 W
A
SDA DRIVEN BY MASTER
1
DEVICE ADDRESS
STOP START
R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 A
A
SDA DRIVEN BY MASTER
1
REGISTER ADDRESS
W A
A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 W
For more information about the I2C standard, please consult the
Philips™ I2C specification documents.
A D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
6
7
9
8
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
FIGURE 3. I2C READ TIMING DIAGRAM SAMPLE
DEVICE ADDRESS
START
A
REGISTER ADDRESS
FUNCTIONS
W
A
W
A
R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0
A
B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
A
SDA DRIVEN BY MASTER
A
SDA DRIVEN BY MASTER
STOP
A
I2C DATA
I2C SDA IN
A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
A
I2C SDA OUT
SDA DRIVEN BY MASTER
A
I2C CLK IN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
FIGURE 4. I2C WRITE TIMING DIAGRAM SAMPLE
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ISL29011
Register Set
There are eight registers that are available in the ISL29011.
Table 1 summarizes their functions.
TABLE 1. REGISTER SET
BIT
ADDR
REG NAME
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DEFAULT
00h
COMMANDI
OP2
OP1
OP0
0
0
FLAG
PRST1
PRST0
00h
01h
COMMANDII
Scheme
FREQ
IS1
IS0
RES1
RES0
RANGE1
RANGE0
00h
02h
DATALSB
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
00h
03h
DATAMSB
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
00h
04h
INT_LT_LSB
TL7
TL6
TL5
TL4
TL3
TL2
TL1
TL0
00h
05h
INT_LT_MSB
TL15
TL14
TL13
TL12
TL11
TL10
TL9
TL8
00h
06h
INT_HT_LSB
TH7
TH6
TH5
TH4
TH3
TH2
TH1
TH0
FFh
07h
INT_HT_MSB
TH15
TH14
TH13
TH12
TH11
TH10
TH9
TH8
FFh
08h
TEST
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00h
Command Register I 00 (hex)
The first command register has the following functions:
1. Operation Mode; Bits 7, 6, and 5: These three bits are
determine the operation mode of the device.
TABLE 2. OPERATION MODE
BITS 7 TO 5
OPERATION
TABLE 4. INTERRUPT PERSIST
BITS 1 TO 0
NUMBER OF INTEGRATION CYCLES
00
1
01
4
10
8
11
16
000
Power-down the device
Command Register II 01 (hex)
001
ALS once
The second command register has the following functions:
010
IR once
011
Proximity once
100
Reserved (Do not use)
101
ALS continuous
110
IR continuous
111
Proximity continuous
2. Interrupt flag; Bit 2: This is the status bit of the interrupt. The bit
is set to logic high when the interrupt thresholds have been
triggered, and logic low when not yet triggered. Once triggered,
INT pin stays low and the status bit stays high. Both interrupt
pin and the status bit are automatically cleared at the end of
Command Register I transfer.
TABLE 3. INTERRUPT FLAG
BIT 2
OPERATION
0
Interrupt is cleared or not triggered yet
1
Interrupt is triggered
3. Interrupt persist; Bits 1 and 0: The interrupt pin and the
interrupt flag is triggered/set when the data sensor reading is
out of the interrupt threshold window after m consecutive
number of integration cycles. The interrupt persist bits
determine m.
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10
1. Proximity Sensing Scheme; Bit 7: This bit programs the function
of the proximity detection. Logic 0 of this bit, Scheme 0, makes
full n (4, 8, 12, 16) bits (unsigned) proximity detection. The range
of Scheme 0 proximity count is from 0 to 2n. Logic 1 of this bit,
Scheme 1, makes n-1 (3, 7, 11, 15) bits (2’s complementary)
proximity_less_ambient detection. The range of Scheme 1
proximity count is from -2(n-1) to 2(n-1). The sign bit is extended
for resolutions less than 16. While Scheme 0 has wider dynamic
range, Scheme 1 proximity detection is less affected by the
ambient IR noise variation.
TABLE 5. PROXIMITY SENSING SCHEME
BIT 7
OPERATION
0
Sensing IR from LED and ambient
1
Sensing IR from LED with ambient IR rejection
2. Modulation Frequency; Bit 6: This bit sets the IR LED driver’s
modulation frequency.
TABLE 6. MODULATION FREQUENCY
BIT 6
MODULATION FREQUENCY
(kHz)
0
DC
1
360
FN6467.6
May 1, 2014
ISL29011
3. Amplitude of IR driver current; Bits 5 and 4: This device
provides current source to drive an external IR LED. The drive
capability can be programmed through Bits 5 and 4. For
example, the device sources 12.5mA out of the IRDR pin if
Bits 5 and 4 are 0.
TABLE 10. DATA REGISTERS
ADDRESS
(hex)
02
D0 is LSB for 4, 8, 12 or 16-bit resolution, D3 is MSB for
4-bit resolution, D7 is MSB for 8-bit resolution.
03
D15 is MSB for 16-bit resolution, D11 is MSB for 12-bit
resolution.
TABLE 7. CURRENT SOURCE CAPABILITY AT IRDR PIN
BITS 5 TO 4
IRDR PIN SOURCE CURRENT
00
12.5mA IR LED driver
01
25mA IR LED driver
10
50mA IR LED driver
11
100mA IR LED driver
Interrupt Registers (04, 05, 06 and 07 hex)
4. Resolution; Bits 3 and 2: determine the ADC’s resolution and
the number of clock cycles per conversion in Internal Timing
Mode. Changing the number of clock cycles does more than
just change the resolution of the device. It also changes the
integration time, which is the period the device’s analog-todigital (A/D) converter samples the photodiode current signal
for a measurement. The ONLY 16-bit ADC resolution is capable
of rejecting 50Hz and 60Hz flicker caused by artificial light
sources. Table 8 lists possible ADC resolution.
.
TABLE 8. RESOLUTION/WIDTH
BITS 3 TO 2
CONTENTS
Registers 04 and 05 hex set the low (LO) threshold for the
interrupt pin and the interrupt flag. 04 hex is the LSB and 05 hex
is the MSB. By default, the Interrupt threshold LO is 00 hex for
both LSB and MSB.
Registers 06 and 07 hex set the high (HI) threshold for the
interrupt pin and the interrupt flag. 06 hex is the LSB and 07 hex
is the MSB. By default, the Interrupt threshold HI is FF hex for
both LSB and MSB.
Test Register (08 hex)
Register 8 is a reserved register that holds 00h during normal
operation.
Calculating Lux
NUMBER OF CLOCK CYCLES
n-BIT ADC
00
216 = 65,536
16
The ISL29011’s ADC output codes, DATA, are directly
proportional to lux in the ambient light sensing.
01
212 = 4,096
12
E cal =   DATA
10
28 = 256
8
11
24 = 16
4
5. Range; Bits 1 and 0; The Full Scale Range (FSR) can be
adjusted via I2C using Bits 1 and 0. Table 9 lists the possible
values of FSR for the 499kΩ REXT resistor.
TABLE 9. RANGE/FSR LUX
(EQ. 1)
Here, Ecal is the calculated lux reading. The constant  is
determined by the Full Scale Range and the ADC’s maximum output
counts. The constant is independent on the light sources
(fluorescent, incandescent and sunlight) because of the light
sources IR component is removed during the light signal process.
The constant can also be viewed as the sensitivity: The smallest lux
measurement the device can measure as shown in Equation 2.
Range  k 
 = ---------------------------Count max
BITS 1:0
k
RANGE
(k)
FSR (LUX) @ ALS
SENSING
FSR @ IR SENSING
00
1
Range1
1,000
Refer to page 4
01
2
Range2
4,000
Refer to page 4
Here, Range(k) is defined in Table 9. Countmax is the maximum
output counts from the ADC.
10
3
Range3
16,000
Refer to page 4
The transfer function used for n-bit ADC becomes Equation 3:
11
4
Range4
64,000
Refer to page 4
Range  k 
E cal = ---------------------------  DATA
n
2
Data Registers (02 hex and 03 hex)
The device has two 8-bit read-only registers to hold the data from
LSB to MSB for ADC. The most significant bit (MSB) is accessed
at 03 hex, and the least significant bit (LSB) is accessed at 02
hex. For 16-bit resolution, the data is from D0 to D15; for 12-bit
resolution, the data is from D0 to D11; for 8-bit resolution, the
data is from D0 to D7. The registers are refreshed after every
conversion cycle.
11
(EQ. 3)
Here, n = 4, 8, 12 or 16. This is the number of ADC bits programmed
in the command register. The 2n represents the maximum number
of counts possible from the ADC output. Data is the ADC output
stored in the data registers (02 hex and 03 hex).
Integration and Conversion Time
The ADC resolution and fOSC determines the integration time, tint
as shown in Equation 4.
R EXT
n
n
1
t int = 2  -------------- = 2  ---------------------------------------------725kHz  499k
f OSC
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(EQ. 2)
(EQ. 4)
FN6467.6
May 1, 2014
ISL29011
where n is the number of bits of resolution and n = 4, 8, 12 or 16.
2n, therefore, is the number of clock cycles. n can be programmed
at the command register 01 (hex) bits 3 and 2.
TABLE 11. INTEGRATION TIME OF n-BIT ADC
REXT
(kΩ)
n = 16-BIT
(ms)
n = 12-BIT
(ms)
n = 8-BIT
(µs)
n = 4-BIT
(µs)
499**
90
5.63
351
21.6
**Recommended REXT resistor value
External Scaling Resistor REXT for fOSC and
Range
The ISL29011 uses an external resistor REXT to fix its internal
oscillator frequency, fOSC and the light sensing range, Range.
fOSC and Range are inversely proportional to REXT. For user
simplicity, the proportionality constant is referenced to 499kΩ as
shown in Equations 5 and 6:
499k
Range = ------------------  Range  k 
R EXT
(EQ. 5)
499k
f OSC = ------------------  725 kHz
R EXT
(EQ. 6)
Noise Rejection
In general, integrating type ADC’s have excellent noise-rejection
characteristics for periodic noise sources whose frequency is an
integer multiple of the conversion rate. For instance, a 60Hz AC
unwanted signal’s sum from 0ms to k*16.66ms (k = 1, 2...ki) is
zero. Similarly, setting the device’s integration time to be an
integer multiple of the periodic noise signal, greatly improves the
light sensor output signal in the presence of noise.
ADC Output in IR Sensing
The ISL29011’s ADC output codes, DATA, are directly
proportional to the IR intensity received in the IR sensing.
DATA IR =   E IR
(EQ. 7)
Here, EIR is the received IR intensity. The constant  changes
with the spectrum of background IR noise like sunlight and
incandescent light. The also changes with the ADC’s range and
resolution selections.
ADC Output in Proximity Sensing
In the proximity sensing, the ADC output codes, DATA, are directly
proportional to the total IR intensity from the background IR
noise and from the IR LED driven by the ISL29011.
DATA PROX =   E IR +   E LED
(EQ. 8)
Here, and EIR have the same meanings in Equation 7. The
constant  depends on the spectrum of the used IR LED and the
ADC’s range and resolution selections. ELED is the IR intensity,
which is emitted from the IR LED and reflected by a specific
objector to the ISL29011. ELED depends on the current to the IR
LED and the surface of the object. ELED decreases with the
square of the distance between the object and the sensor.
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12
If background IR noise is small, EIR can be neglected, and the
ADC output directly decreases with the distance. If there is
significant background IR noise, ISL29011 offers two schemes
to reduce the effect. The first way is to do a proximity sensing
using Scheme 0, immediately followed by an IR sensing. The
differential reading of ADC outputs from the proximity and IR
sensing will then reduce the effect of background IR noise and
directly decrease with the distance between the object and the
sensor. The second way is to do a proximity sensing using
Scheme 1 to do on-chip background IR noise subtraction. While
Scheme 0 has wider dynamic range, Scheme 1 proximity
detection is faster but with half the resolution. Please refer to
“Typical Performance Curves” on page 15 for ADC output versus
distance using Scheme 0 detection.
Figure 11 shows the ISL29011 configured at 12-bit ADC
resolution and sensitivity range selected at 16000 (range 3) for
the proximity reading. A 12.5mA external LED current at 360kHz
modulation frequency detects three different sensing objects:
92% brightness paper, 18% gray card and ESD black foam.
Figure 12 shows the ISL29011 configured at 12-bit ADC
resolution and sensitivity range selected at 1000 (range 1) for
the proximity reading, with a programmed external LED at
360kHz modulation frequency, detecting the same sensing
object: 18% gray card under four different external LED current:
12.5mA, 25mA, 50mA and 100mA to compare the proximity
readout versus distance.
The ISL29011 Proximity sensing relies on the amount of IR
reflected back from the objects to be detected. Clearly, it can not
detect an optically black object that reflects no light. However, the
ISL29011 is sensitive enough to detect a black ESD foam, which
reflects slightly less than 1% of IR, as shown in Figure 11 on
page 15. For biological objects, blonde hair reflects more than
brunette hair, as expected and shown in Figure 13. Also notice that
skin tissue is much more reflective than hair. IR penetrates into
the skin and is reflected or scattered back from within. As a result,
the proximity count peaks at contact and monotonically decreases
as skin moves away. This characteristic is very different from that
of a plain paper reflector.
Interrupt Function
An interrupt event (FLAG) is governed by Bit 2 in COMMAND1.
The user must set Bit 2 in COMMAND1 to be logic low (0), which
means INT is cleared or not triggered yet. Then ISL29011 will
issue an ambient (ALS/IR) or proximity interrupt flag if the actual
count stored in Register 0x2 and 0x3 are outside the user's
programmed window. The user must read Register 0x0 to clear
interrupt.
Interrupt persistency at Bit 1 and Bit 0 of COMMAND1 is another
useful option available for both ambient/IR and proximity
measurement. Persistency requires x-in-a-row interrupt flags
before the INT pin is driven low. Then, user must read Register
0x0 to clear Interrupt.
VDD Power-up and Power Supply
Considerations
Upon power-up, please ensure a VDD slew rate of 0.5V/ms or
greater. For more information, see the application note AN1534.
FN6467.6
May 1, 2014
ISL29011
LED Modulation for Proximity Detection
Suggested PCB Footprint
The ISL29011 offers two ways to modulate the LED in the
Proximity Detection Mode - DC or 360kHz (with 50% duty cycle)
by Bit 6 of register 01h. At the IRDR pin, there are four different
IRDR LED currents; 12.5, 25, 50, and 100mA outputs selectable
by Bits 4 and 5 of register 01h. With the LED running in the DC
mode, the proximity detection is twice as sensitive but consumes
2 times more current. The sensitivity of LED 50mA, DC 50mA is
identical to that of 100mA, 360kHz modulation. Please note that
the ISL29011 does not include a LED.
It is important that the users check the “Surface Mount
Assembly Guidelines for Optical Dual FlatPack No Lead (ODFN)
Package” before starting ODFN product board mounting.
Current Consumption Estimation
The low power operation is achieved through sequential readout
in the serial fashion, as shown in Figure 5, the device requires
three different phases in serial during the entire detection cycle
to do ambient light sensing, infrared sensing and proximity
sensing. The external IR LED will only be turned on during the
proximity sensing phase under user program controlled current
at modulated frequency depends on user selections. Figure 5
also shows the current consumption during each ALS, IR sensing
and Proximity sensing phase. For example, at 8-bit ADC
resolution the integration time is 0.4ms. If user programmed
50mA current to supply external IR LED at 360kHz modulated
frequency, during the entire operation cycle that includes ALS, IR
sensing and Proximity sensing three different serial phases, the
detection occurs once every 30ms, the average current
consumption including external IR LED drive current can be
calculated from Equation 9:
  0.07mA + 0.07mA + 1mA + (50mA 50%)) 0.4ms  /30ms = 0.35mA
(EQ. 9)
http://www.intersil.com/data/tb/TB477.pdf
Layout Considerations
The ISL29011 is relatively insensitive to layout. Like other I2C
devices, it is intended to provide excellent performance even in
significantly noisy environments. There are only a few
considerations that will ensure best performance.
Route the supply and I2C traces as far as possible from all
sources of noise. Use two power-supply decoupling capacitors
1µF and 0.1µF and place them close to the VDDA and VDDD pins
of the device.
Typical Circuit
A typical application for the ISL29011 is shown in Figure 6. The
ISL29011’s I2C address is internally hardwired as 1000100. The
device can be tied onto a system’s I2C bus together with other
I2C compliant devices.
Soldering Considerations
Convection heating is recommended for reflow soldering;
direct-infrared heating is not recommended. The plastic ODFN
package does not require a custom reflow soldering profile, and
is qualified to +260°C. A standard reflow soldering profile with a
+260°C maximum is recommended.
If at a 12-bit ADC resolution where the integration time for each
serial phase becomes 7ms and the total detection time becomes
100ms, the average current can be calculated from Equation 10:
  0.07mA + 0.07mA + 1mA + (50mA 50%)) 7ms  /100ms = 1.83mA
(EQ. 10)
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FN6467.6
May 1, 2014
ISL29011
30ms
1µA
ALS
70µA
0.4ms
IR
70µA
0.4ms
PROXIMITY
1mA
0.4ms
IR LED
50mA
360kHz
FIGURE 5. CURRENT CONSUMPTION FOR EACH INTEGRATION PHASE AND DETECTION CYCLE
1.7V TO 3.63V
R1
10kΩ
R2
10kΩ
I2C MASTER
R3
10kΩ
MICROCONTROLLER
INT
SDA
SCL
2.25V TO 3.63V
SLAVE_0
1
2
C1
1µF
C2
0.1µF
3
4
REXT
499k
VDDD
IRDR
VDDA
INT
GND
SDA
REXT
SCL
SLAVE_1
8
7
I2C SLAVE_n
SDA
SDA
SCL
SCL
6
5
ISL29011
FIGURE 6. ISL29011 TYPICAL CIRCUIT
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FN6467.6
May 1, 2014
ISL29011
Typical Performance Curves
VSUP (VDDD, VDDA) = 3V, REXT = 499kΩ
1.2
SUN
INCANDESCENT
1.0
0.8
1.0
NORMALIZED RESPONSE
HALOGEN
0.6
FLUORESCENT
0.4
0.2
IR AND
PROXIMITY
SENSING
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
WAVELENGTH (nm)
900
1000
-0.2
300
1100
FIGURE 7. SPECTRUM OF FOUR LIGHT SOURCES
20°
10°
0°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
50°
60°
60°
70°
70°
80°
80°
90°
90°
1.0
0.2 0.4
0.6 0.8
RELATIVE SENSITIVITY
CALCULATED ALS READING (LUX)
LUMINOSITY
30°
ANGLE 40°
1000
500
600
700
800
900
WAVELENGTH (nm)
1000
1100
65535
VDD = 3V
RANGE = 1000 LUX
16-BIT ADC
900
800
700
INCANDESCENT
HALOGEN
600
500
32768
400
FLUORESCENT
300
200
Ecal =
100
0
0
1000 LUX
216
x DATA
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
LUX METER READING (LUX)
FIGURE 9. RADIATION PATTERN
FIGURE 10. SENSITIVITY TO THREE LIGHT SOURCES
10000
DATAPROX-DATAIR (COUNT)
4500
92% BRIGHTNESS PAPER
1000
18% GRAY CARD
100
10
1
400
FIGURE 8. SPECTRAL RESPONSE FOR AMBIENT LIGHT SENSING
AND PROXIMITY SENSING
RADIATION PATTERN
DATAPROX-DATAIR
HUMAN EYE RESPONSE
AMBIENT
LIGHT
SENSING
ADC OUTPUT (COUNT)
NORMALIZED LIGHT INTENSITY
1.2
ESD BLACK FOAM
0
20
40
60
DISTANCE (mm)
80
100
FIGURE 11. ADC OUTPUT vs DISTANCE WITH DIFFERENT OBJECTS
IN PROXIMITY SENSING
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15
4000
3500
IIRLED = 100mA
3000
IIRLED = 50mA
IIRLED = 25mA
2500
IIRLED = 12.5mA
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
DISTANCE (mm)
70
80
90
FIGURE 12. ADC OUTPUT vs DISTANCE WITH DIFFERENT LED
CURRENT AMPLITUDES IN PROXIMITY SENSING
FN6467.6
May 1, 2014
ISL29011
Typical Performance Curves
VSUP (VDDD, VDDA) = 3V, REXT = 499kΩ (Continued)
10
12-BIT ADC
RANGE 3
fLED = 328kHz
ILED = 12.5mA
4mm CENTER-TO-CENTER
FOR ISL29011 AND SFH4650,
ISOLATED BY BARRIER
AND BEHIND A 65%
IR TRANSMITTING GLASS
300
PIG'S SKIN
250
200
150
18% GRAY
130 CTS = 500 CTS x 65% x 65% = 211 CTS
100
50
0
ALS SENSING
0 Lux
0
10
BLOND HAIR
BRUNETTE HAIR
20
40
30
50
8
OUTPUT CODE (COUNTS)
DATAPROX - DATAIR (COUNT)
350
6
4
2
0
-60
60
-20
DISTANCE (mm)
1.10
100
105.0
300 Lux FLUORESCENT LIGHT
ALS SENSING
104.5
IRDR OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT CODE RATIO (FROM +30°C)
60
FIGURE 14. OUTPUT CODE FOR 0 LUX vs TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 13. PROXIMITY DETECTIONS OF VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL
OBJECTS
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
-60
20
TEMPERATURE (°C)
-20
20
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
85
104.0
103.5
103.0
102.5
102.0
101.5
101.0
100.5
100.0
-40
100
FIGURE 15. OUTPUT CODE vs TEMPERATURE
90
PROXIMITY SENSING
IS<1:0> = 0
-20
0
20
40
60
TEMPERATURE (°C)
80
100
120
FIGURE 16. OUTPUT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE IN PROXIMITY
SENSING
ALS SENSING
10,000 Lux
80
75
70
65
60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 17. SUPPLY CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE IN ALS SENSING
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ISL29011
FIGURE 18. 8 LD ODFN SENSOR LOCATION OUTLINE
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ISL29011
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you
have the latest revision.
DATE
REVISION
May 1, 2014
FN6467.6
CHANGE
Added theta jc (bottom) of 14 C/W to the thermal information table on page 4.
Updated the paragraph for “VDD Power-up and Power Supply Considerations” on page 12.
April 11, 2012
FN6467.5
• Page 12, Table 11, removed row with Rext = 250k
• On page 4, Electrical Specs: changed TYP value for VIRLED (Voltage Head Room of IRDR Pin) from
VDD-0.6 to VDD-1.0 and added to Conditions column: “IRDR = 90mA, IS<1:0> = 0 (Note 8)”
• On page 8, added section, “Changing States - Avoiding Unintentional Interrupts" with Figure 2, “Changing
States Flow Example”.
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FN6467.6
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ISL29011
Package Outline Drawing
L8.2.1x2.0
8 LEAD OPTICAL DUAL FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE (ODFN)
Rev 3, 1/11
2.10
A
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
0.15
B
0.25
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
0.50
1.50
2.00
1.50
0.20±0.05 4
(2X)
0.10 M C A B
0.10
8X 0 . 35 ± 0 . 05
TOP VIEW
0.75
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
2.50
0.10 C
2.10
0.70±0.05
C
BASE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
(6x0.50)
(1.50)
(8x0.20)
C
(8x0.20)
5
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
(8x0.55)
DETAIL "X"
(0.75)
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
0 . 2 REF
NOTES:
1.
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2.
Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5m-1994.
3.
Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4.
Dimension applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.25mm and 0.35mm from the terminal tip.
5.
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6.
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 indentifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
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May 1, 2014