APPLICATION NOTE
Atmel AT03922: DALI Slave with XMEGA E – Software
User’s Guide
Atmel AVR XMEGA E
Features
•
•
DALI stack compliant with IEC62386 LED modules standard
DALI data encoding and decoding with USART and XCL modules on Atmel®
AVR® XMEGA® E
Introduction
DALI stands for Digital Address Lighting Interface which is lighting control protocol
defined in the technical standard IEC62386. The demo software is created to
demonstrate DALI slave solution of LED modules based on Atmel AVR XMEGA E
device.
This document describes the basic architecture and the application programming
interfaces (API) of the demo software. The Atmel AT04022: DALI Slave with XMEGA
E – Hardware User Guide application note describes the reference design hardware
in detail.
Figure 1.
DALI Slave Demo of LED Modules.
For this reference design, the hardware design files (schematic, BoM and PCB
gerber) and software source code can be downloaded from Atmel website. The
provided hardware documentation can be used with no limitations to manufacture the
reference hardware solution for the design.
42177B−XMEGA−01/2014
Table of Contents
1. Overview .............................................................................................. 3 2. Software Architecture ........................................................................... 3 2.1 Application ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Service .............................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Drivers ............................................................................................................... 7 3. Main API Introduction ........................................................................... 7 3.1 Application Layer API Introduction .................................................................... 7 3.1.1 Main.c file............................................................................................ 8 3.1.2 Dali_ac.c file ....................................................................................... 8 3.1.3 Dali_bit.c file ....................................................................................... 8 3.1.4 Dali_tc.c file ........................................................................................ 8 3.2 Service Layer API Introduction .......................................................................... 8 3.2.1 Dali_frame.c file .................................................................................. 8 3.2.2 Dali_cmd.c file .................................................................................... 9 4. Software Package Content .................................................................. 9 5. Memory Usage ................................................................................... 11 6. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 11 Appendix A. DALI Command Set ...................................................... 12 Appendix B. Revision History ............................................................ 15 Atmel AT03922: DALI Slave with XMEGA E – Software User’s Guide [APPLICATION NOTE]
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1.
Overview
The application demo acts as slave connected to DALI bus. DALI master sends commands and DALI slave responds
the commands, especially the lighting control commands. In some cases, the slave sends back information that master
inquires. DALI power supplies the DALI bus power. It can be a stand-alone power supply unit or it can be integrated into
any master or slave connected to the DALI bus. Figure 1-1 shows the typical DALI master-slave structure connected to
the bus.
Figure 1-1. DALI System Structure.
DALI Bus
DALI Power
DALI Master
DALI Slave
DALI slave receives and transmits the DALI data through the bus. If lighting control commands are received, DALI slave
shall adjust the LED lighting through the PWM output. It also contains constant current supply part to support the LEDs.
Figure 1-2. DALI Slave with XMEGA E Block Diagram.
DC power
Constant current
supply
LDO
ATXMEGA E
LEDs
DALI BUS
DALI interface
2.
Software Architecture
The software is developed based on layer structure as Atmel ASF that makes it more convenient to port between
different Atmel device platforms. The software is composed of three layer parts as below:
•
•
•
Application
Service
Drivers
Atmel AT03922: DALI Slave with XMEGA E – Software User’s Guide [APPLICATION NOTE]
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Figure 2-1. DALI Slave Software Architecture.
Application
Service
DALI stack
Drivers
2.1
Application
The whole system runs in an infinite loop. After start up, it initializes the parameters and configures microcontroller
modules. In main loop the system processes DALI stack, encoding and decoding DALI data sequentially. Then it goes
into sleep mode. After woken up by interrupt, it will run again.
Figure 2-2. Application Flowchart.
Start up
Initialize variables ,
modules
Process DALI
stack
Process DALI data
transmission
Power
management
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DALI data encoding and decoding are implemented by XMEGA E USART and XCL modules. For details of this process
refer to the application note Atmel AT03335: Manchester Transceiver Using the USART and XCL Modules on XMEGA
E.
Microcontroller hardware sources are configured to implement constant current source for LED lighting. Analog
comparator compares the input voltage with internal constant voltage and is configured as event source. Event resulted
from analog comparator acts on timer PWM output via fault extension. PWM output switches the hardware buck
transformer. In this way constant voltage can be ensured at analog comparator input point and then constant current
source is generated. For hardware design details, refer to the application schematic.
Figure 2-3. Buck LED Driver.
Decrease/Increase
PWM
Peripheral
Event
System
Higher/Lower
2.2
Analog
Comparator
Vref
Service
Service realizes the DALI slave stack. It processes frame sequence timing and implements DALI commands.
State machine is used to process DALI frame. Firstly DALI slave goes into idle state and implements state initialization.
After this, the slave shall go to forward frame state immediately and wait for DALI frame arrival. If DALI frame is
received, it should be processed. Then according to frame information, the state machine goes to next repeat state,
backward state or idle state.
In DALI standard definition, a configuration command shall be received twice within 100ms to reduce the probability of
incorrect reception. If received correctly twice, the configuration command should be executed and then DALI slave
goes to idle state. Otherwise the DALI slave goes into idle state.
A backward frame shall only be sent after the reception of a query command or a write memory command. Depending
on the command the backward frame shall be either a ‘Yes’ / ‘No’ or 8-bit information.If backward frame is ‘No’, the
DALI slave should not react (idle line). Otherwise DALI slave should send the answer to master and after this it shall go
to idle mode.
Atmel AT03922: DALI Slave with XMEGA E – Software User’s Guide [APPLICATION NOTE]
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Figure 2-4. Frame State Transition.
Next repeat
frame
new frame
Idle
Forward
frame
need repeat
need answer
Back frame
After DALI slave receives a forward frame, it should decode the two bytes of address and data. The address type
includes short address, group address, broadcast or special commands. Address and data compose the command
code. For every command code, the corresponding DALI function should be executed.
Atmel AT03922: DALI Slave with XMEGA E – Software User’s Guide [APPLICATION NOTE]
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Figure 2-5. Commands Process Flowchart.
Y
Short address?
N
Y
Group
address?
N
Is me?
N
Y
Y
Broadcast?
Y
Direct ARC?
N
Process direct arc
N
N
Special
commands?
Y
Common
commands
Process common
commands 0-223
N
Y
Y
Process special
commands 256275
Process extended
commands 224255
Extended
commands ?
N
Exit
2.3
Drivers
The software utilizes the drivers in the ASF (Atmel Software Framework), which is integrated in Atmel Studio. The
drivers include TC, USART, XCL, EDMA, etc.
3.
Main API Introduction
3.1
Application Layer API Introduction
Table 3-1.
Application Layer File Names.
Source file
Header file
main.c
dali_top.h
dali_ac.c
dali_ac.h
dali_bit.c
dali_bit.h
dali_tc.c
dali_tc.h
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3.1.1
Main.c file
•
main() function
The entry point of the application is the main( ) function. The main( ) function must contain two mandatory parts.
One initializes the system variables and configures microcontroller modules. The other implements DALI slave
function in the infinite loop.
The main( ) function implementation shows as below:
int main(void)
{
Initialization code;
while (1) {
DALI slave implementation code;
}
}
3.1.2
Dali_ac.c file
•
3.1.3
3.1.4
Dali_bit.c file
•
dali_bit_init( ) function
Initialze the USART and XCL modules for encoding and decoding DALI data.
•
dali_bits_tx( ) function
This function transmits DALI data depending request from service.
•
dali_bits_rx( ) function
This function receives DALI data from EDMA channel linked with USART module. After received, the data
should be transferred to service.
Dali_tc.c file
•
3.2
dali_ac_init( ) function
Initialize analog comparator module as part of buck transformer.
dali_tc_init() function
This function initializes TCC4, TCC5 and TCD5 modules. TCC4 is used for PWM output and timer of LED
dimming. TCC5 serves as switch of buck transformer with PWM output. TCD5 is used for DALI frame
sequence timing.
Service Layer API Introduction
Table 3-2.
3.2.1
Service Layer File Names.
Source file
Header file
dali_frame.c
dali_frame.h
dali_cmd.c
dali_cmd.h
Dali_frame.c file
•
dali_frame_init( ) function
This function initializes the variables used in DALI stack.
•
dali_frame_process_state( ) function
DALI frame timing is implemented through state machine.
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3.2.2
4.
Dali_cmd.c file
•
dali_cmd_direct_arc_power_control( ) function
This function implements DALI direct arc power control command.
•
dali_cmd_process_common( ) function
This function processes the DALI common commands from 0 to 223.
•
dali_cmd_process_extended_application( ) function
This function processes the DALI application extended commands from 224 to 255. Commands 224 to 254 are
defined in part 207 of IEC62386 standard. Optional features in command 240 are not supported here.
•
dali_cmd_process_special( ) function
This function processes the DALI special commands from 256 to 275.
Software Package Content
The directory structure of the software package is shown as follows:
├─ASF
│ ├─common
│ │ ├─boards
│ │ │ └─user_board
│ │ ├─services
│ │ │ ├─clock
│ │ │ │ └─xmega
│ │ │ ├─gpio
│ │ │ │ └─xmega_gpio
│ │ │ ├─ioport
│ │ │ │ └─xmega
│ │ │ └─sleepmgr
│ │ │
└─xmega
│ │ └─utils
│ │
├─interrupt
│ │
└─make
│ └─xmega
│
├─drivers
│
│ ├─ac
│
│ ├─cpu
│
│ ├─edma
│
│ ├─nvm
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│
│ ├─pmic
│
│ ├─sleep
│
│ ├─tc45
│
│ ├─usart
│
│ └─xcl
│
│
│
└─utils
└─docsrc
│
├─assembler
│
├─bit_handling
│
└─preprocessor
├─config
└─dali
├─dali_ac
├─dali_bit
├─dali_lib
│ ├─dali_command
│ ├─dali_frame
│ └─dali_hal
└─dali_timer
•
ASF:
In this folder Atmel software framework provides the module drivers of microcontroller.
•
config:
Provide board, clock, EDMA and USART configuration files.
•
dali:
Provide the DALI application and service files.
•
dali_ac, dali_bit, dali_timer
In these folders, provide corresponding application files.
•
dali_lib
DALI stack is available in this folder.
y dali_frame
Provide the DALI frame process files.
y dali_cmd
Provide DALI command implementation files.
y dali_hal
Hardware abstraction layer, including a complete set of APIs for using hardware resources by DALI
stack that is convenient for rapid design-in and smooth integration with varied peripherals.
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5.
Memory Usage
Building with Atmel Studio 6.1 and compiler optimization level O1, the XMEGA E5 memory usage is:
13846 bytes of CODE memory;
144 bytes of DATA memory;
453 bytes of EEPROM memory.
With compiler optimization level Os, the CODE memory reduces to 11882 bytes.
6.
Conclusion
This document shows the implementation of DALI slave taking advantage of XMEGA E resources. It describes the
basic software architecture, flowcharts and the application programming interfaces (API), gives a description of the
software package contents. Memory usage illustrates how much RAM, EEPROM and Flash this demo application
consumes.
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Appendix A.
DALI Command Set
Command number
Command name
–
DIRECT ARC POWER CONTROL
0
OFF
1
UP
2
DOWN
3
STEP UP
4
STEP DOWN
5
RECALL MAX LEVEL
6
RECALL MIN LEVEL
7
STEP DOWN AND OFF
8
ON AND STEP UP
9
ENABLE DAPC SEQUENCE
10 – 15
Reserved
16 – 31
GO TO SCENE
32
RESET
33
STORE ACTUAL LEVEL IN THE DTR
34 – 41
Reserved
42
STORE THE DTR AS MAX LEVEL
43
STORE THE DTR AS MIN LEVEL
44
STORE THE DTR AS SYSTEM FAILURE LEVEL
45
STORE THE DTR AS POWER ON LEVEL
46
STORE THE DTR AS FADE TIME
47
STORE THE DTR AS FADE RATE
48 – 63
Reserved
64 – 79
STORE THE DTR AS SCENE
80 – 95
REMOVE FROM SCENE
96 – 111
ADD TO GROUP
112 – 127
REMOVE FROM GROUP
128
STORE DTR AS SHORT ADDRESS
129
ENABLE WRITE MEMORY
130 – 143
Reserved
144
QUERY STATUS
145
QUERY CONTROL GEAR
146
QUERY LAMP FAILURE
147
QUERY LAMP POWER ON
148
QUERY LIMIT ERROR
149
QUERY RESET STATE
150
QUERY MISSING SHORT ADDRESS
151
QUERY VERSION NUMBER
152
QUERY CONTENT DTR
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153
QUERY DEVICE TYPE
154
QUERY PHYSICAL MINIMUM LEVEL
155
QUERY POWER FAILURE
156
QUERY CONTENT DTR1
157
QUERY CONTENT DTR2
158 – 159
Reserved
160
QUERY ACTUAL LEVEL
161
QUERY MAX LEVEL
162
QUERY MIN LEVEL
163
QUERY POWER ON LEVEL
164
QUERY SYSTEM FAILURE LEVEL
165
QUERY FADE TIME/FADE RATE
166 – 175
Reserved
176 – 191
QUERY SCENE LEVEL (SCENES 0-15)
192
QUERY GROUPS 0-7
193
QUERY GROUPS 8-15
194
QUERY RANDOM ADDRESS (H)
195
QUERY RANDOM ADDRESS (M)
196
QUERY RANDOM ADDRESS (L)
197
READ MEMORY LOCATION
198 – 223
Reserved
224 – 254
See parts 207 of DALI Standard
255
QUERY EXTENDED VERSION NUMBER
256
TERMINATE
257
DATA TRANSFER REGISTER (DTR)
258
INITIALISE
259
RANDOMISE
260
COMPARE
261
WITHDRAW
262 – 263
Reserved
264
SEARCHADDRH
265
SEARCHADDRM
266
SEARCHADDRL
267
PROGRAM SHORT ADDRESS
268
VERIFY SHORT ADDRESS
269
QUERY SHORT ADDRESS
270
PHYSICAL SELECTION
271
Reserved
272
ENABLE DEVICE TYPE X
273
DATA TRANSFER REGISTER 1 (DTR1)
274
DATA TRANSFER REGISTER 2 (DTR2)
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275
WRITE MEMORY LOCATION
276 – 349
Reserved
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Appendix B.
Revision History
Doc. Rev.
Date
Comments
42177B
01/2014
Updated memory usage as source code is modified
42177A
08/2013
Initial document release
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