AT91M42800A - Summary

Features
• Utilizes the ARM7TDMI® ARM® Thumb® Processor Core
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– High-performance 32-bit RISC Architecture
– High-density 16-bit Instruction Set
– Leader in MIPS/Watt
– Embedded ICE (In-circuit Emulation)
8K Bytes Internal SRAM
Fully Programmable External Bus Interface (EBI)
– Maximum External Address Space of 64M Bytes
– Up to 8 Chip Selects
– Software Programmable 8/16-bit External Data Bus
8-channel Peripheral Data Controller
8-level Priority, Individually Maskable, Vectored Interrupt Controller
– 5 External Interrupts, Including a High-priority, Low-latency Interrupt Request
54 Programmable I/O Lines
6-channel 16-bit Timer/Counter
– 6 External Clock Inputs, 2 Multi-purpose I/O Pins per Channel
2 USARTs
– 2 Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) Channels per USART
– Support for up to 9-bit Data Transfers
2 Master/Slave SPI Interfaces
– 2 Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) Channels per SPI
– 8- to 16-bit Programmable Data Length
– 4 External Slave Chip Selects per SPI
3 System Timers:
– Period Interval Timer (PIT); Real-time Timer (RTT); Watchdog Timer (WDT)
Power Management Controller (PMC)
– CPU and Peripherals Can be Deactivated Individually
Clock Generator with 32.768 kHz Low-power Oscillator and PLL
– Support for 38.4 kHz Crystals
– Software Programmable System Clock (up to 33 MHz)
IEEE® 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan on All Active Pins
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz Internal Frequency Range
at VDDCORE = 3.0V, 85° C
2.7V to 3.6V Core and PLL Operating Voltage Range; 2.7V to 5.5V I/O Operating Voltage
Range
-40° C to +85° C Temperature Range
Available in a 144-lead LQFP Package (Green) and a 144-ball BGA Package (RoHScompliant)
AT91
ARM Thumb
Microcontrollers
AT91M42800A
Summary
1. Description
The AT91M42800A is a member of the Atmel AT91 16/32-bit microcontroller family,
which is based on the ARM7TDMI processor core. This processor has a high-performance 32-bit RISC architecture with a high-density 16-bit instruction set and very low
power consumption. In addition, a large number of internally banked registers result in
very fast exception handling, making the device ideal for real-time control applications. The AT91 ARM-based MCU family also features Atmel’s high-density, insystem programmable, nonvolatile memory technology. The AT91M42800A has a
direct connection to off-chip memory, including Flash, through the External Bus
Interface.
Rev. 1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Note: This is a summary document. A complete document is
available on our web site at www.atmel.com.
The Power Management Controller allows the user to adjust device activity according to system
requirements, and, with the 32.768 kHz low-power oscillator, enables the AT91M42800A to
reduce power requirements to an absolute minimum. The AT91M42800A is manufactured using
Atmel’s high-density CMOS technology. By combining the ARM7TDMI processor core with onchip SRAM and a wide range of peripheral functions including timers, serial communication controllers and a versatile clock generator on a monolithic chip, the AT91M42800A provides a
highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many compute-intensive applications.
2. Pin Configuration
Figure 2-1.
Pin Configuration in LQFP144 Package (Top View)
108
73
109
72
AT91M42800 33AI
144
37
1
2
36
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 2-2.
Pin Configuration in BGA144 Package (Top View)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
3
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Table 2-1.
4
AT91M42800A Pinout in LQFP 144 Package
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
1
GND
37
GND
73
GND
109
GND
2
GND
38
GND
74
GND
110
GND
3
NLB/A0
39
D4
75
PB22/TIOA5
111
PA26
4
A1
40
D5
76
PB23/TIOB5
112
MODE0
5
A2
41
D6
77
PA0/IRQ0
113
XIN
6
A3
42
D7
78
PA1/IRQ1
114
XOUT
7
A4
43
D8
79
PA2/IRQ2
115
GND
8
A5
44
D9
80
PA3/IRQ3
116
PLLRCA
9
A6
45
D10
81
PA4/FIQ
117
VDDPLL
10
A7
46
D11
82
PA5/SCK0
118
PLLRCB
11
A8
47
D12
83
PA6/TXD0
119
VDDPLL
12
VDDIO
48
VDDIO
84
VDDIO
120
VDDIO
13
GND
49
GND
85
GND
121
GND
14
A9
50
D13
86
PA7/RXD0
122
NWDOVF
15
A10
51
D14
87
PA8/SCK1
123
PA27/BMS
16
A11
52
D15
88
PA9/TXD1/NTRI
124
MODE1
17
A12
53
PB6/TCLK0
89
PA10/RXD1
125
TMS
18
A13
54
PB7/TIOA0
90
PA11/SPCKA
126
TDI
19
A14
55
PB8/TIOB0
91
PA12/MISOA
127
TDO
20
A15
56
PB9/TCLK1
92
PA13/MOSIA
128
TCK
21
A16
57
PB10/TIOA1
93
PA14/NPCSA0/NSSA
129
NTRST
22
A17
58
PB11/TIOB1
94
PA15/NPCSA1
130
NRST
23
A18
59
PB12/TCLK2
95
PA16/NPCSA2
131
PA28
24
VDDIO
60
VDDIO
96
VDDIO
132
VDDIO
25
GND
61
GND
97
GND
133
GND
26
A19
62
PB13/TIOA2
98
PA17/NPCSA3
134
PA29/PME
27
PB2/A20/CS7
63
PB14/TIOB2
99
PA18/SPCKB
135
NWAIT
28
PB3/A21/CS6
64
PB15/TCLK3
100
PA19/MISOB
136
NOE/NRD
29
PB4/A22/CS5
65
PB16/TIOA3
101
PA20/MOSIB
137
NWE/NWR0
30
PB5/A23/CS4
66
PB17/TIOB3
102
PA21/NPCSB0/NSSB
138
NUB/NWR1
31
D0
67
PB18/TCLK4
103
PA22/NPCSB1
139
NCS0
32
D1
68
PB19/TIOA4
104
PA23/NPCSB2
140
NCS1
33
D2
69
PB20/TIOB4
105
PA24/NPCSB3
141
PB0/NCS2
34
D3
70
PB21/TCLK5
106
PA25/MCKO
142
PB1/NCS3
35
VDDCORE
71
VDDCORE
107
VDDCORE
143
VDDCORE
36
VDDIO
72
VDDIO
108
VDDIO
144
VDDIO
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table 2-2.
AT91M42800A Pinout in BGA 144 Package
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
A1
PB1/NCS3
D1
A2
G1
A17
K1
D1
A2
NCS0
D2
A3
G2
A16
K2
VDDCORE
A3
NCS1
D3
A4
G3
A11
K3
VDDIO
A4
GND
D4
NWAIT
G4
A13
K4
D9
A5
PLLRCB
D5
PA29/PME
G5
GND
K5
D10
A6
GND
D6
PA28
G6
GND
K6
D14
A7
PLLRCA
D7
TCK
G7
GND
K7
PB9/TCLK1
A8
GND
D8
TMS
G8
GND
K8
PB13/TIOA2
A9
XOUT
D9
MODE1
G9
PA9/TXD1/NTRI
K9
PB11/TIOB1
A10
XIN
D10
PA25/MCKO
G10
PA10/RXD1
K10
VDDIO
A11
MODE0
D11
PA21/NPCSB0
G11
PA8/SCK1
K11
PB16/TIOA3
A12
PA22/NPCSB1
D12
PA18/SPCKB
G12
PA7/RXD0
K12
PB23/TIOB5
B1
NUB/NWR1
E1
A7
H1
A18
L1
D3
B2
PB0/NCS2
E2
VDDIO
H2
VDDIO
L2
D2
B3
VDDCORE
E3
A6
H3
A15
L3
D5
B4
NWE/NWR0
E4
A5
H4
A14
L4
D8
B5
VDDPLL
E5
GND
H5
A19
L5
VDDIO
B6
TDO
E6
GND
H6
GND
L6
D13
B7
VDDPLL
E7
GND
H7
GND
L7
PB8/TIOB0
B8
NWDOVF
E8
NTRST
H8
GND
L8
VDDIO
B9
PA26
E9
PA13/MOSIA
H9
PA6/TXD0
L9
PB17/TIOB3
B10
PA19/MISOB
E10
PA16/NPCSA2
H10
PA4/FIQ
L10
VDDCORE
B11
PA24/NPCSB3
E11
VDDIO
H11
VDDIO
L11
PB20/TIOB4
B12
PA23/NPCSB2
E12
PA17/NPCSA3
H12
PA5/SCK0
L12
PB22/TIOA5
C1
NLB/A0
F1
A8
J1
PB5/A23/CS4
M1
D4
C2
A1
F2
A12
J2
D0
M2
D6
C3
VDDIO
F3
A9
J3
PB4/A22/CS5
M3
D7
C4
NOE/NRD
F4
A10
J4
PB3/A21/CS6
M4
D11
C5
VDDIO
F5
GND
J5
PB2/A20/CS7
M5
D12
C6
NRST
F6
GND
J6
D15
M6
PB7/TIOA0
C7
TDI
F7
GND
J7
PB6/TCLK0
M7
PB12/TCLK2
C8
VDDIO
F8
GND
J8
PB10/TIOA1
M8
PB15/TCLK3
C9
PA27/BMS
F9
PA12/MISOA
J9
PA3/IRQ3
M9
PB14/TIOB2
C10
VDDIO
F10
PA15/NPCSA1
J10
PA2/IRQ2
M10
PB18/TCLK4
C11
VDDCORE
F11
PA11/SPCKA
J11
PA0/IRQ0
M11
PB19/TIOA4
C12
PA20/MOSIB
F12
PA14/NPCSA0
J12
PA1/IRQ1
M12
PB21/TCLK5
5
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
3. Pin Description
Table 3-1.
Module
AT91M42800A Pin Description
Type
Active
Level
Output
–
I/O
–
Chip Select
Output
High
NCS0 - NCS3
Chip Select
Output
Low
NWR0
Lower Byte 0 Write Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NWR1
Lower Byte 1 Write Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NRD
Read Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NWE
Write Enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NOE
Output Enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NUB
Upper Byte Select (16-bit SRAM)
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NLB
Lower Byte Select (16-bit SRAM)
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NWAIT
Wait Input
Input
Low
BMS
Boot Mode Select
Input
–
PME
Protect Mode Enable
Input
High
PIO-controlled after reset
IRQ0 - IRQ3
External Interrupt Request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
FIQ
Fast External Interrupt Request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TCLK0 - TCLK5
Timer External Clock
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOA0 - TIOA5
Multi-purpose Timer I/O Pin A
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOB0 - TIOB5
Multi-purpose Timer I/O Pin B
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
SCK0 - SCK1
External Serial Clock
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TXD0 - TXD1
Transmit Data Output
Output
–
PIO-controlled after reset
RXD0 - RXD1
Receive Data Input
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
SPCKA/SPCKB
Clock
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
MISOA/MISOB
Master In Slave Out
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
MOSIA/MOSIB
Master Out Slave In
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
NSSA/NSSB
Slave Select
Input
Low
PIO-controlled after reset
NPCSA0 - NPCSA3
NPCSB0 - NPCSB3
Peripheral Chip Selects
PA0 - PA29
Programmable I/O Port A
I/O
–
Input after reset
PB0 - PB23
Programmable I/O Port B
I/O
–
Input after reset
NWDOVF
Watchdog Timer Overflow
Output
Low
Name
Function
A0 - A23
Address Bus
D0 - D15
Data Bus
CS4 - CS7
Comments
All valid after reset
A23 - A20 after reset
EBI
Sampled during reset
AIC
TC
USART
SPIA
SPIB
Output
Low
PIO-controlled after reset
PIO
ST
6
Open drain
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table 3-1.
Module
CLOCK
Test and
Reset
JTAG/ICE
Emulation
AT91M42800A Pin Description (Continued)
Name
Function
Type
Active
Level
XIN
Oscillator Input or External Clock
Input
–
XOUT
Oscillator Output
Output
–
PLLRCA
RC Filter for PLL A
Input
–
PLLRCB
RC Filter for PLL B
Input
–
MCKO
Clock Output
Output
–
NRST
Hardware Reset Input
Input
Low
MODE0 - MODE1
Mode Selection
Input
–
TMS
Test Mode Select
Input
–
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
TDI
Test Data In
Input
–
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
TDO
Test Data Out
Output
–
TCK
Test Clock
Input
–
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
NTRST
Test Reset Input
Input
Low
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
NTRI
Tri-state Mode Enable
Input
Low
Sampled during reset
VDDIO
I/O Power
Power
–
3V or 5V nominal supply
VDDCORE
Core Power
Power
–
3V nominal supply
VDDPLL
PLL Power
Power
–
3V nominal supply
GND
Ground
Ground
–
Comments
Schmitt trigger
Power
7
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
4. Block Diagram
AT91M42800A
MODE0
MODE1
NRST
Reset
Embedded
ICE
JTAG
JTAGSEL
NTRST
TMS
TDO
TDI
TCK
D0-D15
ARM7TDMI
Core
A0/NLB
A1-A19
NRD/NOE
NWR0/NWE
NWR1/NUB
NWAIT
NCS0
NCS1
ASB
XIN
XOUT
Internal RAM
8K Bytes
Clock
Generator
PLLRCA
PLLRCB
EBI: External
Bus Interface
Figure 4-1.
PA27/BMS
PA29/PME
ASB
Controller
PA25/MCKO
PA26
PA28
AMBA™ Bridge
PA0/IRQ0
PA1/IRQ1
PA2/IRQ2
PA3/IRQ3
PA4/FIQ
AIC: Advanced
Interrupt Controller
PA5/SCK0
PA6/TXD0
PA7/RXD0
PA8/SCK1
PA9/TXD1/NTRI
PA10/RXD1
PA11/SPCKA
PA12/MISOA
PA13/MOSIA
PA14/NPCSA0/NSSA
PA15/NPCSA1
PA16/NPCSA2
PA17/NPCSA3
PB0/NCS2
PB1/NCS3
PB2/A20/CS7
PB3/A21/CS6
PB4/A22/CS5
PB5/A23/CS4
EBI User
Interface
USART0
2 PDC
Channels
USART1
2 PDC
Channels
TC: Timer/
Counter
Block 0
APB
P
I
O
PA18/SPCKB
PA19/MISOB
PA20/MOSIB
PA21/NPCSB0/NSSB
PA22/NPCSB1
PA23/NPCSB2
PA24/NPCSB3
SPIB: Serial
Peripheral
Interface
2 PDC
Channels
2 PDC
Channels
PB7/TIOA0
PB8/TIOB0
TC0
TC1
TC2
SPIA: Serial
Peripheral
Interface
PB6/TCLK0
PB9/TCLK1
PB12/TCLK2
P
I
O
PB10/TIOA1
PB11/TIOB1
PB13/TIOA2
PB14/TIOB2
TC: Timer/
Counter
Block 1
PB15/TCLK3
PB18/TCLK4
PB21/TCLK5
TC3
PB16/TIOA3
PB17/TIOB3
TC4
PB19/TIOA4
PB20/TIOB4
TC5
PB22/TIOA5
PB23/TIOB5
System
Timers
PMC: Power Management
Controller
Watchdog
NWDOVF
Real-time
Period
Interval
Chip ID
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
8
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
5. Architectural Overview
The AT91M42800A microcontroller integrates an ARM7TDMI with its embedded ICE interface,
memories and peripherals. Its architecture consists of two main buses, the Advanced System
Bus (ASB) and the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB). Designed for maximum performance and
controlled by the memory controller, the ASB interfaces the ARM7TDMI processor with the onchip 32-bit memories, the External Bus Interface (EBI) and the AMBA™ Bridge. The AMBA
Bridge drives the APB, which is designed for accesses to on-chip peripherals and optimized for
low power consumption.
The AT91M42800A microcontroller implements the ICE port of the ARM7TDMI processor on
dedicated pins, offering a complete, low-cost and easy-to-use debug solution for target
debugging.
5.1
Memories
The AT91M42800A microcontroller embeds up to 8K bytes of internal SRAM. The internal memory is directly connected to the 32-bit data bus and is single-cycle accessible. This provides
maximum performance of 30 MIPS at 33 MHz by using the ARM instruction set of the processor.
The on-chip memory significantly reduces the system power consumption and improves its performance over external memory solutions.
The AT91M42800A microcontroller features an External Bus Interface (EBI), which enables connection of external memories and application-specific peripherals. The EBI supports 8- or 16-bit
devices and can use two 8-bit devices to emulate a single 16-bit device. The EBI implements the
early read protocol, enabling faster single clock cycle accesses two times faster than standard
memory interfaces.
5.2
Peripherals
The AT91M42800A microcontroller integrates several peripherals, which are classified as system or user peripherals. All on-chip peripherals are 32-bit accessible by the AMBA Bridge, and
can be programmed with a minimum number of instructions. The peripheral register set is composed of control, mode, data, status and enable/disable/status registers.
An on-chip Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) transfers data between the on-chip USARTs/SPIs
and the on- and off-chip memories without processor intervention. Most importantly, the PDC
removes the processor interrupt handling overhead and significantly reduces the number of
clock cycles required for a data transfer. It can transfer up to 64K continuous bytes without
reprogramming the start address. As a result, the performance of the microcontroller is
increased and the power consumption reduced.
5.2.1
System Peripherals
The External Bus Interface (EBI) controls the external memory and peripheral devices via an 8or 16-bit data bus and is programmed through the APB. Each chip select line has its own programming register.
The Power Management Controller (PMC) optimizes power consumption of the product by controlling the clocking elements such as the oscillator and the two PLLs, system and user
peripheral clocks.
The Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC) controls the internal sources from the internal peripherals and the five external interrupt lines (including the FIQ) to provide an interrupt and/or fast
9
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
interrupt request to the ARM7TDMI. It integrates an 8-level priority controller, and, using the
Auto-vectoring feature, reduces the interrupt latency time.
The Parallel Input/Output Controllers (PIOA, PIOB) controls up to 54 I/O lines. It enables the
user to select specific pins for on-chip peripheral input/output functions, and general-purpose
input/output signal pins. The PIO controllers can be programmed to detect an interrupt on a signal change from each line.
There are three embedded system timers. The Real-time Timer (RTT) counts elapsed seconds
and can generate periodic or programmed interrupts. The Period Interval Timer (PIT) can be
used as a user-programmable time-base, and can generate periodic ticks. The Watchdog (WD)
can be used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes trapped in a deadlock.
The Special Function (SF) module integrates the Chip ID and the Reset Status registers.
5.2.2
User Peripherals
Two USARTs, independently configurable, enable communication at a high baud rate in synchronous or asynchronous mode. The format includes start, stop and parity bits and up to 9 data
bits. Each USART also features a Time-out and a Time-guard register, facilitating the use of the
two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) channels.
The two 3-channel, 16-bit Timer/Counters (TC) are highly-programmable and support capture or
waveform modes. Each TC channel can be programmed to measure or generate different kinds
of waves, and can detect and control two input/output signals. Each TC also has three external
clock signals.
Two independently configurable SPIs provide communication with external devices in master or
slave mode. Each has four external chip selects which can be connected to up to 15 devices.
The data length is programmable, from 8- to 16-bit.
6. Associated Documentation
Table 6-1.
Associated Documentation
Product
AT91M42800A
10
Information
Document Title
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
External memory interface mapping
Peripheral operations
Peripheral user interfaces
AT91M42800A Datasheet
DC characteristics
Power consumption
Thermal and reliability considerations
AC characteristics
AT91M42800A Electrical Characteristics
Product overview
Ordering information
Packaging information
Soldering profile
AT91M42800A Summary Datasheet (this document)
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
7. Product Overview
7.1
Power Supply
The AT91M42800A has three kinds of power supply pins:
• VDDCORE pins, which power the chip core
• VDDIO pins, which power the I/O lines
• VDDPLL pins, which power the oscillator and PLL cells
VDDCORE and VDDIO pins allow core power consumption to be reduced by supplying it with a
lower voltage than the I/O lines. The VDDCORE pins must never be powered at a voltage
greater than the supply voltage applied to the VDDIO.
The VDDPLL pin is used to supply the oscillator and both PLLs. The voltage applied on these
pins is typically 3.3V, and it must not be lower than VDDCORE.
Typical supported voltage combinations are shown in the following table:
Pins
7.2
Nominal Supply Voltages
VDDCORE
3.3V
3.0V or 3.3V
VDDIO
5.0V
3.0V or 3.3V
VDDPLL
3.3V
3.0V or 3.3V
Input/Output Considerations
After the reset, the peripheral I/Os are initialized as inputs to provide the user with maximum
flexibility. It is recommended that in any application phase, the inputs to the AT91M42800A
microcontroller be held at valid logic levels to minimize the power consumption.
7.3
Operating Modes
The AT91M42800A has two pins dedicated to defining MODE0 and MODE1 operating modes.
These pins allow the user to enter the device in Boundary Scan mode. They also allow the user
to run the processor from the on-chip oscillator and from an external clock by bypassing the onchip oscillator. The last mode is reserved for test purposes. A chip reset must be performed
(NRST and NTRST) after MODE0 and/or MODE1 have been changed.
7.4
MODE0
MODE1
Operating Mode
0
0
Normal operating mode by using the on-chip oscillator
0
1
Boundary Scan Mode
1
0
Normal operating mode by using an external clock on XIN
1
1
Reserved for test
Clock Generator
The AT91M42800A microcontroller embeds a 32.768 kHz oscillator that generates the Slow
Clock (SLCK). This on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by setting the correct logical level on
MODE0 and MODE1 pins, as shown above. In this case, SLCK equals XIN.
11
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
The AT91M42800A microcontroller has a fully static design and works either on the Master
Clock (MCK), generated from the Slow Clock by means of the two integrated PLLs, or on the
Slow Clock (SLCK).
These clocks are also provided as an output of the device on the pin MCKO, which is multiplexed with a general-purpose I/O line. While NRST is active, and after the reset, the MCKO is
valid and outputs an image of the SLCK signal. The PIO Controller must be programmed to use
this pin as standard I/O line.
7.5
Reset
Reset initializes the user interface registers to their default states as defined in the peripheral
sections of this datasheet and forces the ARM7TDMI to perform the next instruction fetch from
address zero. Except for the program counter, the ARM core registers do not have defined reset
states. When reset is active, the inputs of the AT91M42800A must be held at valid logic levels.
The EBI address lines drive low during reset. All the peripheral clocks are disabled during reset
to save power.
7.5.1
NRST Pin
NRST is the active low reset input. It is asserted asynchronously, but exit from reset is synchronized internally to the slow clock (SLCK). At power-up, NRST must be active until the on-chip
oscillator is stable. During normal operation, NRST must be active for a minimum of 10 SLCK
clock cycles to ensure correct initialization.
The pins BMS and NTRI are sampled during the 10 SLCK clock cycles just prior to the rising
edge of NRST.
The NRST pin has no effect on the on-chip Embedded ICE logic.
Test Access Port (TAP) reset functionality is provided through the NTRST signal.
7.5.2
NTRST Pin
The NTRST control pin initializes the selected TAP controller. The TAP controller involved in this
reset is determined according to the initial logical state applied on the JTAGSEL pin after the last
valid NRST.
In either Boundary Scan or ICE Mode, a reset can be performed from the same or different circuitry, as shown in Figure 7-1 on page 13 below. But in all cases, the NTRST like the NRST
signal, must be asserted after each power-up. (See the AT91M42800A Electrical Datasheet,
Atmel Lit. No. 1776, for the necessary minimum pulse assertion time.)
12
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 7-1.
Seperate or Common Reset Management
Reset
Controller
Reset
Controller
Notes:
NTRST
NTRST
Reset
Controller
NRST
NRST
AT91M42800A
AT91M42800A
(1)
(2)
1. NRST and NTRST handling in Debug Mode during development.
2. NRST and NTRST handling during production.
In order to benefit from the separation of NRST and NTRST during the debug phase of development, the user must independently manage both signals as shown in example (1) of Figure 7-1
above. However, once debug is completed, both signals are easily managed together during
production as shown in example (2) of Figure 7-1 above.
7.5.3
7.6
7.6.1
Watchdog Reset
The internally generated watchdog reset has the same effect as the NRST pin, except that the
pins BMS and NTRI are not sampled. Boot mode and Tri-state mode are not updated. The
NRST pin has priority if both types of reset coincide.
Emulation Functions
Tri-state Mode
The AT91M42800A provides a Tri-state mode, which is used for debug purposes in order to
connect an emulator probe to an application board. In Tri-state mode the AT91M42800A continues to function, but all the output pin drivers are tri-stated.
To enter Tri-state mode, the pin NTRI must be held low during the last 10 SLCK clock cycles
before the rising edge of NRST. For normal operation, the pin NTRI must be held high during
reset, by a resistor of up to 400 kΩ. NTRI must be driven to a valid logic value during reset.
NTRI is multiplexed with Parallel I/O PA9 and USART 1 serial data transmit line TXD1.
Standard RS232 drivers generally contain internal 400 kΩ pull-up resistors. If TXD1 is connected
to one of these drivers, this pull-up will ensure normal operation, without the need for an additional external resistor.
7.6.2
Embedded ICE
ARM standard embedded in-circuit emulation is supported via the JTAG/ICE port. It is connected to a host computer via an embedded ICE Interface.
Embedded ICE mode is selected when MODE1 is low.
It is not possible to switch directly between ICE and JTAG operations. A chip reset must be performed (NRST and NTRST) after MODE0 and/or MODE1 have/has been changed. The reset
input to the Embedded ICE (NTRST) is provided separately to facilitate debug of boot programs.
13
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
7.6.3
7.7
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan is enabled when MODE0 is low and MODE1 is high. The
functions SAMPLE, EXTEST and BYPASS are implemented. In ICE Debug mode, the ARM
core responds with a non-JTAG chip ID that identifies the core to the ICE system. This is not
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG compliant. It is not possible to switch directly between JTAG and ICE operations. A chip reset must be performed (NRST and NTRST) after MODE0 and MODE1 are
changed.
Memory Controller
The ARM7TDMI processor address space is 4G bytes. The memory controller decodes the
internal 32-bit address bus and defines three address spaces:
• Internal Memories in the four lowest megabytes
• Middle Space reserved for the external devices (memory or peripherals) controlled by the
EBI
• Internal Peripherals in the four highest megabytes
In any of these address spaces, the ARM7TDMI operates in little-endian mode only.
7.7.1
Protection Mode
The embedded peripherals can be protected against unwanted access. The PME (Protect Mode
Enable) pin must be tied high and validated in its peripheral operation (PIO Disable) to enable
the protection mode. When enabled, any peripheral access must be done while the ARM7TDMI
is running in Privileged mode (i.e., the accesses in user mode result in an abort). Only the valid
peripheral address space is protected and requests to the undefined addresses will lead to a
normal operation without abort.
7.7.2
Internal Memories
The AT91M42800A microcontroller integrates an 8-Kbyte primary internal SRAM. All internal
memories are 32 bits wide and single-clock cycle accessible. Byte (8-bit), half-word (16-bit) or
word (32-bit) accesses are supported and are executed within one cycle. Fetching Thumb or
ARM instructions is supported and internal memory can store twice as many Thumb instructions
as ARM ones.
The SRAM bank is mapped at address 0x0 (after the remap command), and ARM7TDMI exception vectors between 0x0 and 0x20 that can be modified by the software. The rest of the bank
can be used for stack allocation (to speed up context saving and restoring), or as data and program storage for critical algorithms.
7.7.3
Boot Mode Select
The ARM reset vector is at address 0x0. After the NRST line is released, the ARM7TDMI executes the instruction stored at this address. This means that this address must be mapped in
nonvolatile memory after the reset.
The input level on the BMS pin during the last 10 SLCK clock cycles before the rising edge of the
NRST selects the type of boot memory. The Boot mode depends on BMS (see Table 7-1).
14
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
The pin BMS is multiplexed with the I/O line PA27 that can be programmed after reset like any
standard PIO line.
Table 7-1.
Boot Mode Select
BMS
Boot Memory
1
External 8-bit memory NCS0
0
External 16-bit memory on NCS0
7.7.4
Remap Command
The ARM vectors (Reset, Abort, Data Abort, Prefetch Abort, Undefined Instruction, Interrupt,
Fast Interrupt) are mapped from address 0x0 to address 0x20. In order to allow these vectors to
be redefined dynamically by the software, the AT91M42800A microcontroller uses a remap
command that enables switching between the boot memory and the internal SRAM bank
addresses. The remap command is accessible through the EBI User Interface, by writing one in
RCB of EBI_RCR (Remap Control Register). Performing a remap command is mandatory if
access to the other external devices (connected to chip selects 1 to 7) is required. The remap
operation can only be changed back by an internal reset or an NRST assertion.
7.7.5
Abort Control
The abort signal providing a Data Abort or a Prefetch Abort exception to the ARM7TDMI is
asserted in the following cases:
• When accessing an undefined address in the EBI address space
• When the ARM7TDMI performs a misaligned access
No abort is generated when reading the internal memory or by accessing the internal peripherals, whether the address is defined or not.
When the processor performs a forbidden write access in a mode-protected peripheral register,
the write is cancelled but no abort is generated.
The processor can perform word or half-word data access with a misaligned address when a
register relative load/store instruction is executed and the register contains a misaligned
address. In this case, whether the access is in write or in read, an abort is generated but the
access is not cancelled.
The Abort Status Register traces the source that caused the last abort. The address and the
type of abort are stored in registers of the External Bus Interface.
7.7.6
External Bus Interface
The External Bus Interface handles the accesses between addresses 0x0040 0000 and 0xFFC0
0000. It generates the signals that control access to the external devices, and can be configured
from eight 1-Mbyte banks up to four 16-Mbyte banks. In all cases it supports byte, half-word and
word aligned accesses.
For each of these banks, the user can program:
• Number of wait states
• Number of data float times (wait time after the access is finished to prevent any bus
contention in case the device takes too long in releasing the bus)
• Data bus width (8-bit or 16-bit)
15
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• With a 16-bit wide data bus, the user can program the EBI to control one 16-bit device (Byte
Access Select mode) or two 8-bit devices in parallel that emulate a
16-bit memory (Byte Write Access mode).
The External Bus Interface also features the Early Read Protocol, configurable for all the
devices, which significantly reduces access time requirements on an external device.
8. Peripherals
The AT91M42800A peripherals are connected to the 32-bit wide Advanced Peripheral Bus.
Peripheral registers are only word accessible. Byte and half-word accesses are not supported. If
a byte or a half-word access is attempted, the memory controller automatically masks the lowest
address bits and generates a word access.
Each peripheral has a 16-Kbyte address space allocated (the AIC only has a 4-Kbyte address
space).
8.1
Peripheral Registers
The following registers are common to all peripherals:
• Control Register – Write-only register that triggers a command when a one is written to the
corresponding position at the appropriate address. Writing a zero has no effect.
• Mode Register – read/write register that defines the configuration of the peripheral. Usually
has a value of 0x0 after a reset.
• Data Registers – read and/or write register that enables the exchange of data between the
processor and the peripheral.
• Status Register – Read-only register that returns the status of the peripheral.
• Enable/Disable/Status Registers – shadow command registers. Writing a one in the Enable
Register sets the corresponding bit in the Status Register. Writing a one in the Disable
Register resets the corresponding bit and the result can be read in the Status Register.
Writing a bit to zero has no effect. This register access method maximizes the efficiency of bit
manipulation, and enables modification of a register with a single non-interruptible
instruction, replacing the costly read-modify-write operation.
Unused bits in the peripheral registers are shown as “–” and must be written at 0 for upward
compatibility. These bits read 0.
8.2
Peripheral Interrupt Control
The Interrupt Control of each peripheral is controlled from the status register using the interrupt
mask. The status register bits are ANDed to their corresponding interrupt mask bits and the
result is then ORed to generate the Interrupt Source signal to the Advanced Interrupt Controller.
The interrupt mask is read in the Interrupt Mask Register and is modified with the Interrupt
Enable Register and the Interrupt Disable Register. The enable/disable/status (or mask) makes
it possible to enable or disable peripheral interrupt sources with a non-interruptible single
instruction. This eliminates the need for interrupt masking at the AIC or Core level in real-time
and multi-tasking systems.
16
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
8.3
Peripheral Data Controller
The AT91M42800A has an 8-channel PDC dedicated to the two on-chip USARTs and to the two
on-chip SPIs. One PDC channel is connected to the receiving channel and one to the transmitting channel of each peripheral.
The user interface of a PDC channel is integrated in the memory space of each USART channel
and in the memory space of each SPI. It contains a 32-bit address pointer register and a 16-bit
count register. When the programmed data is transferred, an end-of-transfer interrupt is generated by the corresponding peripheral. See the USART section and the SPI sections for more
details on PDC operation and programming.
8.4
8.4.1
System Peripherals
PMC: Power Management Controller
The AT91M42800A’s Power Management Controller optimizes the power consumption of the
device. The PMC controls the clocking elements such as the oscillator and the PLLs, and the
System and the Peripheral Clocks. It also controls the MCKO pin and permits to the user to
select four different signals to be driven on this pin.
The AT91M42800A has the following clock elements:
• The oscillator providing a clock that depends on the crystal fundamental frequency
connected between the XIN and XOUT pins
• PLL A providing a low-to-middle frequency clock range
• PLL B providing a middle-to-high frequency range
• The Clock prescaler
• The ARM Processor Clock controller
• The Peripheral Clock controller
• The Master Clock Output controller
The on-chip low-power oscillator together with the PLL-based frequency multiplier and the prescaler results in a programmable clock between 500 Hz and 66 MHz. It is the responsibility of the
user to make sure that the PMC programming does not result in a clock over the acceptable
limits.
8.4.2
ST: System Timer
The System Timer module integrates three different free-running timers:
• A Period Interval Timer setting the base time for an Operating System.
• A Watchdog Timer that is built around a 16-bit counter, and is used to prevent system lock-up
if the software becomes trapped in a deadlock. It can generate an internal reset or interrupt,
or assert an active level on the dedicated pin NWDOVF.
• A Real-time Timer counting elapsed seconds.
These timers count using the Slow Clock provided by the MCU. Typically, this clock has a frequency of 32768 Hz.
8.4.3
AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller
The AT91M42800A has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt controller.
This feature substantially reduces the software and real-time overhead in handling internal and
external interrupts.
17
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
The interrupt controller is connected to the NFIQ (fast interrupt request) and the NIRQ (standard
interrupt request) inputs of the ARM7TDMI processor. The processor’s NFIQ line can only be
asserted by the external fast interrupt request input: FIQ. The NIRQ line can be asserted by the
interrupts generated by the on-chip peripherals and the external interrupt request lines: IRQ0 to
IRQ3.
The 8-level priority encoder allows the customer to define the priority between the different NIRQ
interrupt sources.
Internal sources are programmed to be level sensitive or edge triggered. External sources can
be programmed to be positive or negative edge triggered or high- or low-level sensitive.
8.4.4
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
The AT91M42800A has 54 programmable I/O lines. I/O lines are multiplexed with an external
signal of a peripheral to optimize the use of available package pins. These lines are controlled
by two separate and identical PIO Controllers called PIOA and PIOB. Each PIO controller also
provides an internal interrupt signal to the Advanced Interrupt Controller and insertion of a simple input glitch filter on any of the PIO pins.
8.4.5
SF: Special Function
The AT91M42800A provides registers that implement the following special functions.
• Chip Identification
• RESET Status
8.5
8.5.1
User Peripherals
USART: Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
The AT91M42800A provides two identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous
receiver/transmitters that interface to the APB and are connected to the Peripheral Data
Controller.
The main features are:
• Programmable Baud Rate Generator with External or Internal Clock, as well as Slow Clock
• Parity, Framing and Overrun Error Detection
• Line Break Generation and Detection
• Automatic Echo, Local Loopback and Remote Loopback channel modes
• Multi-drop mode: Address Detection and Generation
• Interrupt Generation
• Two Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels
• 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- and 9-bit character length
8.5.2
TC: Timer/Counter
The AT91M42800A features two Timer/Counter blocks, each containing three identical 16-bit
Timer/Counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform a wide
range of functions including frequency measurement, event counting, interval measurement,
pulse generation, delay timing and pulse-width modulation.
Each Timer/Counter (TC) channel has 3 external clock inputs, 5 internal clock inputs, and 2
multi-purpose input/output signals that can be configured by the user. Each channel drives an
18
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
internal interrupt signal that can be programmed to generate processor interrupts via the AIC
(Advanced Interrupt Controller).
The Timer/Counter block has two global registers that act upon all three TC channels. The Block
Control Register allows the three channels to be started simultaneously with the same instruction. The Block Mode Register defines the external clock inputs for each Timer/Counter channel,
allowing them to be chained.
Each Timer/Counter block operates independently and has a complete set of block and channel
registers.
8.5.3
SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface
The AT91M42800A includes two SPIs that provide communication with external devices in Master or Slave mode. They are independent, and are referred to by the letters A and B. Each SPI
has four external chip selects that can be connected to up to 15 devices. The data length is programmable from 8- to 16-bit.
19
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
9. Packaging Information
Figure 9-1.
144-lead LQFP Package Drawing
θ2
θ1
θ3
θ
20
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table 9-1.
Common Dimensions (mm)
Symbol
Min
Nom
Max
c
0.09
0.2
c1
0.09
0.16
L
0.45
0.6
L1
0.75
1.00 REF
R2
0.08
R1
0.08
S
0.2
q
0°
q1
0°
q2
q3
0.2
3.5°
7°
11°
12°
13°
11°
12°
13°
A
1.6
A1
0.05
A2
1.35
0.15
1.4
1.45
Tolerances and form of position
Table 9-2.
aaa
0.2
bbb
0.2
Lead Count Dimensions (mm)
b
b1
Pin
Count
D/E
BSC
D1/E1
BSC
Min
Nom
Max
Min
Nom
Max
e BSC
ccc
ddd
144
22.0
20.0
0.17
0.22
0.27
0.17
0.2
0.23
0.50
0.10
0.08
Table 9-3.
Device and 144-lead LQFP Package Maximum Weight
1708
mg
21
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 9-2.
144-ball Ball Grid Array Package Drawing
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
Symbol
Max.
SIDE VIEW
Table 9-4.
Device and 144-ball BGA Package Maximum Weight
584
22
mg
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
10. Soldering Profile
10.1
LQFP Soldering Profile (Green)
Table 10-1 gives the recommended soldering profile from J-STD-020C.
Table 10-1.
Soldering Profile Green Compliant Package
Profile Feature
Green Package
Average Ramp-up Rate (217°C to Peak)
3° C/sec. max.
Preheat Temperature 175°C ±25°C
180 sec. max.
Temperature Maintained Above 217°C
60 sec. to 150 sec.
Time within 5° C of Actual Peak Temperature
20 sec. to 40 sec.
Peak Temperature Range
260° C
Ramp-down Rate
6° C/sec. max.
Time 25° C to Peak Temperature
8 min. max.
Note:
The package is certified to be backward compatible with Pb/Sn soldering profile.
A maximum of three reflow passes is allowed per component.
10.2
BGA Soldering Profile (RoHS-compliant)
Table 10-2 gives the recommended soldering profile from J-STD-20C.
Table 10-2.
Soldering Profile RoHS Compliant Package
Profile Feature
Convection or IR/Convection
Average Ramp-up Rate (183° C to Peak)
3° C/sec. max.
Preheat Temperature 125° C ±25° C
180 sec. max
Temperature Maintained Above 183° C
60 sec. to 150 sec.
Time within 5° C of Actual Peak Temperature
20 sec. to 40 sec.
Peak Temperature Range
260° C
Ramp-down Rate
6° C/sec.
Time 25° C to Peak Temperature
8 min. max
Note:
It is recomended to apply a soldering temperature higher than 250°C.
A maximum of three reflow passes is allowed per component.
23
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
11. Ordering Information
Table 11-1.
24
Ordering Information
Ordering Code
Package
Package Type
Operating Temperature Range
AT91M42800A-33CJ
BGA 144
RoHS-compliant
AT91M42800A-33AU
LQFP 144
Green
Industrial
(-40° C to 85° C)
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
12. Revision History
Table 12-1.
Revision History
Version
Comments
1779AS
First issue Oct-01
Change
Request
Ref.
Added information to section Internal Memories on page 13.
Change in Table 6 on page 19.
1779BS
Added Table 9 on page 21.
Added Table 10 on page 22.
Added section Soldering Profile on page 23.
Updated package name to LQFP throughout.
1779CS
Updated “Ordering Information” on page 24 and “Soldering Profile” on page 23 with new data on
Green/RoHS-compliant packages.
05-329
1779DS
Added Section 7.5.2 ”NTRST Pin” on page 12.
05-474
1779ES
Updated Section 10. ”Soldering Profile” on page 23 and Section 11. ”Ordering Information” on page 24 to
remove leaded package references.
25
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
26
AT91M42800A
1779ES–ATARM–14-Apr-06
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