AN10781 GreenChip SR TEA1791T integrated synchronous rectification controller Rev. 01 — 09 February 2009 Application note Document information Info Content Keywords GreenChip SR, TEA1791T, Synchronous rectification, High efficiency, Flyback. Abstract The TEA1791T is a member of the new generation of synchronous rectifier controller ICs for switched mode power supplies. Its high level of integration allows the design of a cost effective power supply with a very low number of external components. The TEA1791T is a controller IC dedicated for synchronous rectification on the secondary side of Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) and quasi resonant flyback converters. The TEA1791T is fabricated in a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) process. This NXP SOI process makes a wide voltage range possible. AN10781 NXP Semiconductors GreenChip SR integrated synchronous rectifcation controller Revision history Rev Date Description 01 20090209 First release Contact information For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] AN10781_1 Application note © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 01 — 09 February 2009 2 of 8 AN10781 NXP Semiconductors GreenChip SR integrated synchronous rectifcation controller 1. Introduction The TEA1791T is the controller for synchronous rectification to be used in quasi resonant and discontinuous conduction mode flyback converters. 2. Application schematic TEA1791T Primary power stage Secondary output stage Vo 2 + Vin Ns2 C1 C2 R1 C3 Vo 1 Q1 Vout Ns1 5 6 7 n.c. DRIVER n.c. n.c. TEA1791 n.c. GND 8 V CC SRSENSE 4 R2 3 R3 2 1 GND Output voltage regulation feedback stage CNX82A TL431 CY 014aaa729 Fig 1. Example of the TEA1791T in a 90 W adapter For the relevant component values see Table 1 “Bill of materials” in Section 5.2. AN10781_1 Application note © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 01 — 09 February 2009 3 of 8 AN10781 NXP Semiconductors GreenChip SR integrated synchronous rectifcation controller 3. Functional description and application 3.1 SR control The TEA1791T uses the SRSENSE pin as an input sense in the control of the drain-source voltage (VDS) of the MOSFETs. No adjustment is necessary in the SR-control. The SR MOSFET is switched on when the drain voltage sensed by pin SRSENSE is under −310 mV. When the sensed voltage has reached −55 mV, i.e. ID × RDSon, the driver output will reduce the gate voltage to set the feedback level that regulates the −55 mV level. When, at very low drain current, the voltage at the SRSENSE pin rises above −12 mV (typ), the SR MOSFET is switched off. If the secondary stroke duration of the flyback converter is less than 2 μs (typ), the driver output is disabled. This will guarantee stable operation at very low duty cycles. The driver output is enabled when the secondary stroke time is greater than 2.2 μs (typ). In Standby mode synchronous rectification remains active as long as the secondary stroke is less than 2 μs (typ). For the best performance it is advised that SRSENSE senses the drain of the MOSFET Q1 directly via the external series resistors. See Section 5.1. It is not necessary to insert a MOSFET gate series resistor. However, if, because of switching noise reduction, a gate series resistor is required, the switch-off state of the SR MOSFET must be checked. Recheck at a high temperature of the MOSFET as well. When the power MOSFET on the primary side switches on, the drain-source voltage of the SR MOSFET rises with a high dV/dt. If dV/dt is steep, a capacitive current will flow from drain to gate through the capacitor Cdg of the MOSFET. This current together with a gate resistor lifts the gate voltage (VGS). But the voltage rise should remain well below the threshold voltage (Vth) of the SR MOSFET to prevent switch-on. Therefore the gate series resistor value is limited and 10 Ω is an indicative value. 3.2 Function of resistors in series with pin SRSENSE All pins of TEA1791T are protected against ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) to prevent IC damage when handled. While operating in the application, ESD protection could possibly be triggered by an ESD event taking place under testing for instance. If the ESD protection on the SRSENSE pin is triggered, the pin will be pulled to ground by the internal ESD protection component. As SRSENSE senses the drain voltage of the MOSFET, this pin should be protected by a series resistor that limits a possible surge current initiated by a severe ESD event. Therefore the current limiting resistors R2 and R3 are applied. See Figure 1. A total resistance value of 1 kΩ is sufficient to protect pin SRSENSE. Two SMD 1206 (see Section 5.2) resistors in series are used to obey the peak-power rating. 3.3 VCC Vstartup is 8.5 V typical and the VCC stop voltage is 8.0 V (typ). If necessary, a capacitor C2 can be placed between pin VCC and pin GND to smooth the supply voltage. AN10781_1 Application note © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 01 — 09 February 2009 4 of 8 AN10781 NXP Semiconductors GreenChip SR integrated synchronous rectifcation controller 3.4 VCC auxiliary supply The IC is supplied by an auxiliary secondary winding which is stacked on the main power output winding. The IC supply voltage should be greater than 12 V to get full driver output capability. A supply of circa 15 V can be targeted and is set by the turns ratio between the power output windings and the AUX windings. Ns2 V CC = ---------- ⋅ V out – 0.7 V Ns1 The average IC supply current depends on the dynamic gate charge transfer characteristic of the applied MOSFET. The gate charge cycle will be under the conditions of a 10 V gate drive amplitude and a VDS of less than 1 V.In the application example the MOSFET PSMN015-100P is used. Its total gate charge over 10 V is 75 nC. So at a switching frequency of 100 kHz, the supply current used for driving is 7.5 mA; 75 nC × 100 kHz. The IC itself uses only 0.95 mA. 3.5 Driver output Between 0 V and the UnderVoltage LockOut (UVLO), an active current sink circuit keeps the external MOSFET in the off state. 4. Meeting EMC requirements By this circuit outline in which the synchronous rectifier MOSFET is placed in the positive output voltage path, the ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements can be met by using a single y-capacitor between the grounds of the primary and secondary buffer capacitors. AN10781_1 Application note © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 01 — 09 February 2009 5 of 8 AN10781 NXP Semiconductors GreenChip SR integrated synchronous rectifcation controller 5. Appendix 5.1 Layout considerations The IC ground copper track should be as wide and as low ohmic as possible. The IC ground is used as reference by the internal circuits, but it also shares the high driver output current pulses. The IC ground is used in the control of the SR MOSFET. Direct the IC ground track close to the MOSFET source and position the IC near the MOSFET. The SRSENSE pin should be directly connected to the drain pin of the SR MOSFET via the series resistors. Make the sense track a separate one. This is good practice in proper sensing and regulating the MOSFET drain-source voltage. 5.2 Bill of materials Table 1. Bill of materials Relevant component values for a 19.5 V / 4.62 A application with the TEA1791T. Description Position Resistor SMD 0805: Thin Film Chip, 47 Ω, 5 % R1 Resistor SMD 1206: Thin Film Chip, 560 Ω, 5 % R2, R3 MLCC SMD 0805: 10 mF / 50 V, Y5V C1 MLCC SMD 0805: 0.1 μF / 50 V, X7R C2 MLCC SMD 0805: 220 pF / 100 V, X7R C3 Switching diode, SMD SOD-80: 0.2 A / 100 V, LL4148 D1 MOSFET, TO-220: 75 A / 100 V, 0.015/220p-typ, PSMN015-100P/NXP Q1 AN10781_1 Application note © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 01 — 09 February 2009 6 of 8 AN10781 NXP Semiconductors GreenChip SR integrated synchronous rectifcation controller 6. Legal information 6.1 Definitions Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. 6.2 Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of a NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Disclaimers General — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. 6.3 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. GreenChip — is a trademark of NXP B.V. AN10781_1 Application note © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 01 — 09 February 2009 7 of 8 AN10781 NXP Semiconductors GreenChip SR integrated synchronous rectifcation controller 7. Contents 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application schematic TEA1791T. . . . . . . . . . . Functional description and application . . . . . . SR control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Function of resistors in series with pin SRSENSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VCC auxiliary supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Driver output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meeting EMC requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Layout considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’. © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] Date of release: 09 February 2009 Document identifier: AN10781_1