VTM TM Current Multiplier Features Size: 1.91 x 1.09 x 0.37 in 48,6 x 27,7 x 9,5 mm • 100°C baseplate operation • ZVS / ZCS isolated sine amplitude converter • 48 V to 9.6 V Converter • Typical efficiency 96% • 25 A (37.5 A for 1 ms) • <1 µs transient response • High density – up to 312 W/in3 • Isolated output • Small footprint – 1.64 and 2.08 in2 • No output filtering required • Height above board – 0.37 in (9.5 mm) • Lead free wave solder compatible • Low weight – 1.10 oz (31.3 g) • Agency approvals Applications • Solid state lighting Product Overview • Stadium displays The thermally enhanced VI BRICK VTM current multiplier excels at speed, density and • Industrial controls efficiency to meet the demands of advanced power applications. Combined with the • Avionics VI BRICK PRM regulator they create a DC-DC converter with flexibility to provide isolation • Underseas and regulation where needed. The PRM can be located with the VTM at the point of load • RF Amplifiers or remotely in the back plane or on a daughter card. • Microprocessor and DSP requiring fast response Part Numbering VT 048 A 096 T Voltage Transformation Module Input Voltage Designator Package Size Output Voltage Designator (=VOUT x10) 025 T= M= Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP Operating P Baseplate Pin Style Output Current Designator (=IOUT) Product Grade Temperatures (°C) Grade F Storage -40 to +100 -40 to +125 -55 to +100 -65 to +125 vicorpower.com F = Slotted flange T = Transverse heat sink[a] [a] Contact P = Through hole factory Rev. 1.0 Page 1 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS Electrical characteristics apply over the full operating range of input voltage, output load (resistive) and baseplate temperature, unless otherwise specified. All temperatures refer to the operating temperature at the center of the baseplate. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter +In to -In +In to -In PC to -In VC to -In +Out to -Out Isolation voltage Output current Peak output current Output power Peak output power Values -1.0 to 60 100 -0.3 to 7.0 -0.3 to 19.0 -0.5 to 16 2,250 25 37.5 268 401 -40 to +100 -55 to +100 -40 to +125 -65 to +125 Operating temperature Storage temperature Unit Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc A A W W °C °C Notes For 100 ms Input to output Continuous For 1 ms Continuous For 1 ms T-Grade; baseplate M-Grade; baseplate T-Grade M-Grade °C °C Note: Stresses in excess of the maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the specification. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings can adversely affect device reliability. Input Specifications (Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Input voltage range Min Typ Max Unit Notes 32 48 55 Vdc Max VIN = 53 V, operating from -55°C to -40°C 1 V/µs Input dV/dt Input overvoltage turn-on 55.0 Vdc Input overvoltage turn-off 59.5 Vdc Input current 5.4 Adc Input reflected ripple current 140 No load power dissipation 3.1 Internal input capacitance 4.0 Internal input inductance Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP mA p-p 4.1 W 5 nH Using test circuit in Figure 10; See Figure 1 µF vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 2 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) Output Specifications Parameter Output voltage Rated DC current (Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Min Typ Max Unit Note 6.40 11.0 Vdc No load 6.10 10.7 Vdc Full load 0 25 Adc 32 - 55 VIN 37.5 A Peak repetitive current Max pulse width 1ms, max duty cycle 10%, baseline power 50% Short circuit protection set point 33.0 Current share accuracy Adc 5 10 Module will shut down % See Parallel Operation on Page 7 Efficiency Half load 95.5 96.2 % See Figure 3 Full load 95.5 96.2 % See Figure 3 Internal output inductance 1.6 nH Internal output capacitance 55 µF Output overvoltage setpoint 11.0 Effective value Vdc Module will shut down Output ripple voltage No external bypass 176 10 µF bypass capacitor 17 Effective switching frequency 200 3.0 3.1 3.4 0.1980 1/5 0.2020 8.9 12.0 mVp-p See Figures 2 and 5 mVp-p See Figure 6 MHz Fixed, 1.6 MHz per phase Line regulation K VOUT = K•VIN at no load Load regulation ROUT mΩ See Figure 13 Transient response Voltage overshoot 92 mV 25 A load step with 100 µF CIN; See Figures 7 and 8 Response time 200 ns See Figures 7 and 8 Recovery time 1 µs See Figures 7 and 8 WAVEFORMS Ripple vs. Output Current Output Ripple (mVpk-pk) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 Output Current (A) Figure 1 — Input reflected ripple current at full load and 48 Vf. Figure 2 — Output voltage ripple vs. output current at 48 Vf with no POL bypass capacitance. Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 3 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) WAVEFORMS Power Dissipation Efficiency vs. Output Current 10 98 Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency (%) 96 94 92 90 88 86 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 84 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 0 25 Output Current (A) 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 Output Current (A) Figure 3 — Efficiency vs. output current. Figure 4 — Power dissipation vs. output current. Figure 5 — Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 Vf with no POL bypass Figure 6 — Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 Vf with 10 µF ceramic capacitance. POL bypass capacitance and 20 nH distribution inductance. Figure 7 — 0-25 A load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output Figure 8 — 25-0 A load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output capacitance. capacitance. Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 4 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) General Specifications Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Notes Mhrs 25°C, GB Vdc Input to output pF Input to output MΩ Input to output MTBF MIL-HDBK-217F 3.5 Isolation specifications Voltage 2,250 Capacitance 3,000 Resistance 10 Agency approvals cTÜVus UL /CSA 60950-1, EN 60950-1 CE Mark Low voltage directive RoHS Mechanical See Mechanical Drawings, Figures 15, 16 Weight 1.10/31.3 oz /g Length 1.91/48,6 in / mm Baseplate model Width 1.09/27,7 in / mm Baseplate model Height 0.37/9,5 in / mm Baseplate model Dimensions Thermal Over temperature shutdown 125 130 135 °C Thermal capacity 23.8 Ws /°C Baseplate-to-ambient 7.7 °C / W Baseplate-to-ambient; 1000 LFM 2.9 °C / W Baseplate-to-sink; flat, greased surface 0.40 °C / W Baseplate-to-sink; thermal pad 0.36 °C / W Junction temperature Auxiliary Pins Parameter Min Typ Max Unit DC voltage 4.8 5.0 5.2 Vdc Module disable voltage 2.4 2.5 Notes Primary Control (PC) Module enable voltage Current limit 2.4 Disable delay time Vdc 2.5 2.6 Vdc VC voltage must be applied when module is enabled using PC 2.5 2.9 mA Source only µs PC low to Vout low 20 VTM Control (VC) External boost voltage 12 External boost duration Voltage Transformation Module 14 19 10 VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Vdc Required for VTM start up without PRM ms Vin > 32 Vdc. VC must be applied continuously if Vin < 32 Vdc. Rev. 1.0 Page 5 of 11 PIN / CONTROL FUNCTIONS +In / -In DC Voltage Ports The VTM input should not exceed the maximum specified. Be aware of this limit in applications where the VTM is being driven above its nominal output voltage. If less than 32 Vdc is present at the +In and -In ports, a continuous VC voltage must be applied for the VTM to process power. Otherwise VC voltage need only be applied for 10 ms after the voltage at the +In and -In ports has reached or exceeded 32 Vdc. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage turn-off, the VTM will shutdown. The VTM does not have internal input reverse polarity protection. Adding a properly sized diode in series with the positive input or a fused reverse-shunt diode will provide reverse polarity protection. TM – For Factory Use Only VC – VTM Control The VC port is multiplexed. It receives the initial VCC voltage from an upstream PRM, synchronizing the output rise of the VTM with the output rise of the PRM. Additionally, the VC port provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for the VTM output resistance. In typical applications using VTMs powered from PRMs, the PRM’s VC port should be connected to the VTM VC port. Figure 9 — VI BRICK VTM pin configuration (viewed from pin side) In applications where a VTM is being used without a PRM, 14 V must be supplied to the VC port for as long as the input voltage is below 32 V and for 10 ms after the input voltage has reached or exceeded 32 V. The VTM is not designed for extended operation below 32 V. The VC port should only be used to provide VCC voltage to the VTM during startup. PC – Primary Control The Primary Control (PC) port is a multifunction port for controlling the VTM as follows: Disable – If PC is left floating, the VTM output is enabled. To disable the output, the PC port must be pulled lower than 2.4 V, referenced to -In. Optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the PC port. Once disabled, 14 V must be re-applied to the VC port to restart the VTM. Primary Auxiliary Supply – The PC port can source up to 2.4 mA at 5 Vdc. +Out / -Out DC Voltage Output Ports The output and output return are through two sets of contact locations. The respective +Out and –Out groups must be connected in parallel with as low an interconnect resistance as possible. Within the specified input voltage range, the Level 1 DC behavioral model shown in Figure 13 defines the output voltage of the VTM. The current source capability of the VTM is shown in the specification table. To take full advantage of the VTM, the user should note the low output impedance of the device. The low output impedance provides fast transient response without the need for bulk POL capacitance. Limited-life electrolytic capacitors required with conventional converters can be reduced or even eliminated, saving cost and valuable board real estate. Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 6 of 11 APPLICATION NOTES & TEST CIRCUIT Parallel Operation In applications requiring higher current or redundancy, VTMs can be operated in parallel without adding control circuitry or signal lines. To maximize current sharing accuracy, it is imperative that the source and load impedance on each VTM in a parallel array be equal. If VTMs are being fed by an upstream PRM, the VC nodes of all VTMs must be connected to the PRM VC. To achieve matched impedances, dedicated power planes within the PC board should be used for the output and output return paths to the array of paralleled VTMs. This technique is preferable to using traces of varying size and length. The VTM power train and control architecture allow bi-directional power transfer when the VTM is operating within its specified ranges. Bi-directional power processing improves transient response in the event of an output load dump. The VTM may operate in reverse, returning output power back to the input source. It does so efficiently. Anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the VTM, multiplied by its K factor of 1/5 . The DC resistance of the source should be kept as low as possible to minimize voltage deviations on the input to the VTM. If the VTM is going to be operating close to the high limit of its input range, make sure input voltage deviations will not trigger the input overvoltage turn-off threshold. Input Fuse Recommendations VI BRICKs are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. However, input line fusing of VI BRICKs must always be incorporated within the power system. A fast acting fuse is required to meet safety agency Conditions of Acceptability. The input line fuse should be placed in series with the +In port. For agency approvals and fusing conditions, click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/technical_documentation/quality_ and_certification/safety_approvals/ Input Impedance Recommendations To take full advantage of the VTM’s capabilities, the impedance of the source (input source plus the PC board impedance) must be low over a range from DC to 5 MHz. The input of the VTM (factorized bus) should be locally bypassed with a 8 µF low Q aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Additional input capacitance may be added to improve transient performance or compensate for high source impedance. The VTM has extremely wide bandwidth so the source response to transients is usually the limiting factor in overall output response of the VTM. Application Notes For VTM and VI BRICK application notes on soldering, board layout, and system design please click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/application_information/ Applications Assistance Please contact Vicor Applications Engineering for assistance, 1-800-927-9474, or email at [email protected]. Input reflected ripple measurement point 7 A[a] Fuse F1 C1 47 µF Al electrolytic +IN C2 0.47 μF ceramic TM VC PC 14 V + – -IN + +OUT -OUT R3 10 mΩ +OUT C3 10 µF VTM Load -OUT – Notes: 1. C3 should be placed close to the load 2. R3 may be ESR of C3 or a separate damping resistor. [a] See Input Fuse Recommendations section Figure 10 — VI BRICK VTM test circuit Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 7 of 11 APPLICATION NOTES (CONT.) In figures below; K = VTM transformation ratio RO = VTM output resistance Vf = PRM output (Factorized Bus Voltage) VO = VTM output VL = Desired load voltage FPA ADAPTIVE LOOP Vo = VL ± 1.0% VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM-AL +IN VH SC SG OS NC CD ROS RCD +IN Factorized Bus (Vf) -OUT -IN L O A D -OUT TM VC PC +OUT Vin +OUT VL (Io•Ro) Vf = + K K VTM +OUT -OUT -IN Figure 11 — The PRM controls the factorized bus voltage, Vf, in proportion to output current to compensate for the output resistance, Ro, of the VTM. The VTM output voltage is typically within 1% of the desired load voltage (VL) over all line and load conditions. FPA NON-ISOLATED REMOTE LOOP Remote Loop Control Vo = VL ± 0.4% VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM-AL +IN VH SC SG OS NC CD Factorized Power Bus +OUT +IN +OUT +S -OUT TM VC PC VTM +OUT Vf = f (Vs) Vin -IN -OUT -IN -OUT –S L O A D Figure 12 — An external error amplifier or Point-of-Load IC (POLIC) senses the load voltage and controls the PRM output – the Factorized Bus – as a function of output current, compensating for the output resistance of the VTM and for distribution resistance. Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 8 of 11 BEHAVIORAL MODELS VI BRICK VTM LEVEL 1 DC BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR 48 V TO 9.6 V, 25 A ROUT IOUT + + 8.9 mΩ V•I 1/5 • Iout VIN IQ 64 mA + + – 1/5 • Vin VOUT – K – – © Figure 13 — This model characterizes the DC operation of the VI BRICK VTM, including the converter transfer function and its losses. The model enables estimates or simulations of output voltage as a function of input voltage and output load, as well as total converter power dissipation or heat generation. VI BRICK VTM LEVEL 2 TRANSIENT BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR 48 V TO 9.6 V, 25 A 5.5 nH + 8.9 mΩ RCIN R IN 1.3CmΩ CIN 4.0 µF IQ 64 mA 25 mΩ V•I 1/5 • Iout VIN ROUT IOUT L IN = 5 nH + + – LOUT = 1.6 nH R RCCOUT OUT + 0.2 mΩ 1/5 • Vin COUT 55 µF VOUT – K – – © Figure 14 — This model characterizes the AC operation of the VI BRICK VTM including response to output load or input voltage transients or steady state modulations. The model enables estimates or simulations of input and output voltages under transient conditions, including response to a stepped load with or without external filtering elements. Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 9 of 11 MECHANICAL DRAWINGS Baseplate - Slotted Flange Heat Sink (Transverse) Figure 15 — Module outline Recommended PCB Pattern (Component side shown) Figure 16 — PCB mounting specifications Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 10 of 11 Warranty Vicor products are guaranteed for two years from date of shipment against defects in material or workmanship when in normal use and service. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application or maintenance. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. This warranty is extended to the original purchaser only. EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY, VICOR MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgement. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Information published by Vicor has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products without further notice to improve reliability, function, or design. Vicor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Vicor general policy does not recommend the use of its components in life support applications wherein a failure or malfunction may directly threaten life or injury. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all damages. Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor components are not designed to be used in applications, such as life support systems, wherein a failure or malfunction could result in injury or death. All sales are subject to Vicor’s Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available upon request. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,975,098 and 6,984,965. Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: [email protected] Technical Support: [email protected] Voltage Transformation Module VT048A096T025FP vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 3/08