U4224B Time Code Receiver Description The U4224B is a bipolar integrated straight through receiver circuit in the frequency range of 40 to 80 kHz. The device is designed for radio controlled clock applications. Features D D D D Very low power consumption D Only a few external components necessary Very high sensitivity D Digitalized serial output signal High selectivity by using two crystal filters D AGC hold mode Power down mode available Block Diagram PON GND 3 VCC 1 IN TCO Decoder Power Supply AGC Amplifier 2 4 SB TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 5 Q1A 93 7727 e 16 15 6 Q1B Q2A 14 Q2B 7 REC FLB 10 FLA 9 DEC 12 Rectifier & Integrator 13 11 SL 8 INT 1 (17) U4224B Pin Description Pin Symbol Function 1 16 TCO IN 2 15 PON GND 3 14 Q2B 4 13 Q2A VCC SO 16 L 1 VCC Supply voltage 2 IN 3 GND 4 SB 5 Q1A Crystal filter 1 6 Q1B Crystal filter 1 7 REC Rectifier output 8 INT Integrator output 9 DEC Decoder input 10 FLA Low pass filter 11 FLB Low pass filter 12 SL 13 Q2A Crystal filter 2 14 Q2B Crystal filter 2 15 PON Power ON/OFF control 16 TCO Time code output Amplifier – Input Ground SB Bandwidth control U4224B Q1A 5 12 SL Q1B 6 11 FLB REC 7 10 FLA INT 8 9 DEC 93 7729 e AGC hold mode IN SB A ferrite antenna is connected between IN and VCC. For high sensitivity the Q of the antenna circuit should be as high as possible, but a high Q often requires temperature compensation of the resonant frequency. Specifications are valid for Q > 30. An optimal signal to noise ratio will be achieved by a resonant resistance of 50 to 200 kW. A resistor RSB is connected between SB and GND. It controls the bandwidth of the crystal filters. It is recommended: RSB = 0 W for DCF 77.5 kHz, RSB = 10 kW for 60 kHz WWVB and RSB = open for JG2AS 40 kHz. 94 8381 VCC SB IN GND 94 8379 2 (17) TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B Q1A, Q1B SL In order to achieve a high selectivity, a crystal is connected between the pins Q1A and Q1B. It is used with the serial resonance frequency of the time code transmitter (e.g. 60 kHz WWVB, 77.5 kHz DCF or 40kHz JG2AS). AGC hold mode: SL high (VSL = VCC) sets normal function, SL low (VSL = 0) disconnects the rectifier and holds the voltage VINT at the integrator output and also the AGC amplifier gain. The equivalent parallel capacitor of the filter crystal is internally compensated. The compensated value is about 0.7 pF. If the full sensitivity and selectivity is not needed, the crystal filter can be substituted by a capacitor of 10 pF for DCF and WWVB and 22 pF for JG2AS. VCC SL 94 8378 Q1A Q1B GND 94 8382 INT REC Rectifier output and integrator input: The capacitor C1 between REC and INT is the lowpass filter of the rectifier and at the same time a damping element of the gain control. Integrator output: The voltage VINT is the control voltage for the AGC. The capacitor C2 between INT and DEC defines the time constant of the integrator. The current through the capacitor is the input signal of the decoder. 94 8375 94 8374 INT REC GND GND DEC FLA, FLB Decoder input: Senses the current through the integration capacitor C2. The dynamic input resistance has a value of about 420kW and is low compared to the impedance of C2. Lowpass filter: A capacitor C3 connected between FLA and FLB supresses higher frequencies at the trigger circuit of the decoder. DEC 94 8376 TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 FLB GND FLB 94 8377 3 (17) U4224B Q2A, Q2B According to Q1A, Q1B a crystal is connected between the pins Q2A and Q2B. It is used with the serial resonance frequency of the time code transmitter (e.g. 60 kHz WWVB, 77.5 kHz DCF or 40 kHz JG2AS). The equivalent parallel capacitor of the filter crystal is internally compensated. The value of the compensation is about 0.7 pF. An additional improvement of the driving capability may be achieved by using a CMOS driver circuit or a NPN transistor with pull-up resistor connected to the collector (see figure KEIN MERKER). Using a CMOS driver this circuit must be connected to VCC. VCC 100 kW 10 kW TCO pin16 TCO Q2A Q2B 94 8395 e Figure 1. GND 94 8383 PON If PON is connected to GND, the U 4224 B receiver IC will be activated. The set-up time is typical 0.5s after applying GND at this pin. If PON is connected to VCC, the receiver will go into power down mode. VCC PON 94 8373 TCO The digitized serial signal of the time code transmitter can be directly decoded by a microcomputer. Details about the time code format of several transmitters are described separately. * The output consists of a PNP NPN push-pull-stage. It should be taken into account that in the power down mode (PON = high) TCO will be high. VCC Please note: The signals and voltages at the pins REC, INT, FLA, FLB, Q1A, Q1B, Q2A and Q2B cannot be measured by standard measurement equipment due to very high internal impedances. For the same reason the PCB should be protected against surface humidity. Design Hints for the Ferrite Antenna The bar antenna is a very critical device of the complete clock receiver. But by observing some basic RF design knowledge, no problem should arise with this part. The IC requires a resonance resistance of 50 kW to 200 kW. This can be achieved by a variation of the L/C-relation in the antenna circuit. But it is not easy to measure such high resistances in the RF region. It is much more convenient to distinguish the bandwidth of the antenna circuit and afterwards to calculate the resonance resistance. Thus the first step in designing the antenna circuit is to measure the bandwidth. Figure 4 shows an example for the test circuit. The RF signal is coupled into the bar antenna by inductive means, e.g. a wire loop. It can be measured by a simple oscilloscope using the 10:1 probe. The input capacitance of the probe, typically about 10 pF, should be taken into consideration. By varying the frequency of the signal generator, the resonance frequency can be determined. RF - Signal generator 77.5 kHz Scope PON Probe 10 : 1 10 MW w TCO wire loop 94 8380 4 (17) Cres 94 7907 e GND TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B Afterwards, the two frequencies where the voltage of the rf signal at the probe drops 3 dB down can be measured. The difference between these two frequencies is called the bandwidth BWA of the antenna circuit. As the value of the capacitor Cres in the antenna circuit is well known, it is easy to compute the resonance resistance according to the following formula: R res 1 + 2 @ p @ BW @C A problem if the bandwidth of the antenna circuit is low compared to the temperature variation of the resonance frequency. Of course, Q can also be reduced by a parallel resistor. Temperature compensation of the resonance frequency is a must if the clock is used at different temperatures. Please ask your dealer of bar antenna material and of capacitors for specified values of temperature coefficient. res whereas Rres is the resonance resistance, BWA is the measured bandwidth (in Hz) Cres is the value of the capacitor in the antenna circuit (in Farad) If high inductance values and low capacitor values are used, the additional parasitic capacitances of the coil must be considered. It may reach up to about 20 pF. The Q-value of the capacitor should be no problem if a high Q-type is used. The Q-value of the coil is more or less distinguished by the simple DC-resistance of the wire. Skin effects can be observed but do not dominate. Therefore it shouldn’t be a problem to achieve the recommended values of resonance resistance. The use of thicker wire increases Q and accordingly reduces bandwidth. This is advantageous in order to improve reception in noisy areas. On the other hand, temperature compensation of the resonance frequency might become a Furthermore some critical parasitics have to be considered. These are shortened loops (e.g. in the ground line of the PCB board) close to the antenna and undesired loops in the antenna circuit. Shortened loops decrease Q of the circuit. They have the same effect like conducting plates close to the antenna. To avoid undesired loops in the antenna circuit it is recommended to mount the capacitor Cres as close as possible to the antenna coil or to use a twisted wire for the antenna coil connection. This twisted line is also necessary to reduce feedback of noise from the microprocessor to the IC input. Long connection lines must be shielded. A final adjustment of the time code receiver can be done by pushing the coil along the bar antenna. The maximum of the integrator output voltage VINT at pin INT indicates the resonant point. But attention: The load current should not exceed 1 nA, that means an input resistance 1 GW of the measuring device is required. Therefore a special DVM or an isolation amplifier is necessary. w Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameters Supply voltage Ambient temperature range Storage temperature range Junction temperature Electrostatic handling ( MIL Standard 883 D ), excepted pins 5, 6, 13 and 14 Symbol VCC Tamb Rstg Tj ± VESD Value 5.25 –25 to +75 –40 to +85 125 2000 Unit V _C _C _C V Symbol RthJA Value 70 Unit K/W Thermal Resistance Parameters Thermal resistance TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 5 (17) U4224B Electrical Characteristics VCC = 3 V, reference point pin 3, input signal frequency 80 kHz, Tamb = 25 _C, unless otherwise specified Parameters Supply voltage range Supply current Test Conditions / Pin pin 1 pin 1 without reception signal with reception signal = 200mV OFF-mode Set-up time after VCC ON VCC = 1.5 V AGC AMPLIFIER INPUT; IN pin 2 Reception frequency range Minimum input voltage Rres = 100 kW, Qres > 30 Maximum input voltage Input capacitance to ground TIMING CODE OUTPUT; TCO pin 16 Output voltage HIGH RLOAD = 870 kW to GND LOW RLOAD = 650 kW to VCC Output current HIGH VTCO = VCC/2 LOW VTCO = VCC/2 Decoding characteristics DCF77 based on the values of the application circuit page KEIN MERKER: TCO pulse width 100 ms TCO pulse width 200 ms Symbol VCC ICC Min. 1.2 Typ. 15 t Max. 5.25 Unit V 30 25 0.1 mA mA mA 2 fin Vin Vin Cin 40 VOH VOL VCC - 0.4 ISOURCE ISINK 3 4 10 12 t100 t200 60 160 90 190 ts te1 1 80 1.5 40 s 80 1.5 0.4 kHz mV mV pF V V mA mA 130 230 ms ms 30 25 60 55 ms ms te2 10 30 ms t200 t500 t800 140 440 740 200 500 800 ms ms ms ts te 45 20 80 45 ms ms Delay compared with the transient of the RF signal: Decoding characteristics drop down (start transition) rise for 100 ms pulse (end transition) rise for 200 ms pulse (end transition) WWVB based on the values of the application circuit page KEIN MERKER: TCO pulse width 200 ms TCO pulse width 500 ms TCO pulse width 800 ms Delay compared with the transient of the RF signal: drop down (start transition) rise (end transition) 6 (17) TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B Parameters Decoding characteristics Test Conditions / Pin JG2AS based on the values of the application circuit page KEIN MERKER: TCO pulse width 200 ms TCO pulse width 500 ms TCO pulse width 800 ms Symbol Min. t200 t500 t800 ts te Typ. Max. Unit 240 420 720 410 490 790 ms ms ms 10 30 110 220 ms ms Delay compared with the transient of the RF signal: start transition (RF on) end transition (RF off) POWER ON/OFF CONTROL; PON pin 15 Input voltage Required IIN 0.5 mA HIGH LOW Input current VCC = 3V VCC = 1.5 V VCC = 5 V Set-up time after PON AGC HOLD MODE; SL pin 12 Input voltage Required IIN 0.5 mA HIGH LOW Input current Vin = VCC Vin = GND Rejection of interference fd – fud = 625 Hz signals Vd = 3 mV, fd = 77.5 kHz using 2 crystal filters using 1 crystal filter y VCC - 0.2 IIN t y ȧ TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 1.4 1.7 0.7 3 0.5 VCC - 1.2 2 2 VCC - 0.2 2.5 V V mA mA 43 22 dB dB VCC - 1.2 0.1 ȧ af af V V mA mA mA s 7 (17) U4224B Test Circuit (for Fundamental Function) Test point: DVM with high and low input line for measuring of a voltage Vxx or a current lxx by conversion into a voltage. Ipon Vd 1.657V 300k Stco Spon 1M 1M 82p Vtco TCO PON Q2B Isl Ssl Q2A U4224B SL 100k Ivcc VCC 10M Sdec STABILISATION FLB DECODING Iin Idec FLA AGCAMPLIFIER 1M Vdec DEC IN GND VCC 3V 100M RECTIFIER Q1A SB ~ Q1B 82p Vin REC INT 680p 3.3 n Vrec Ssb Vsb 420k Srec Sint 10M 10M 1M Vrec Vint Vint Isb Irec 8 (17) Iint 94 8384 e TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B Application Circuit for DCF 77.5 kHz CONTROL LINES + VCC Ferrite Antenna fres = 77.5 kHz 1 16 2 15 3 14 77.5 kHz 13 4 TCO PON 3) MICROCOMPUTER SL 1) KEYBOARD U4224B 5 12 6 11 C1 7 10 6.8 nF 8 77.5 kHz 2) DISPLAY 9 C3 10 nF C2 1) 2) 3) If SL is not used, SL is connected to VCC 77.5 kHz crystal can be replaced by 10 pF If IC is activated, PON is connected to GND 33 nF 94 8279 e Application Circuit for WWVB 60 kHz CONTROL LINES + VCC Ferrite Antenna fres = 60 kHz 1 16 2 15 TCO PON 3) 14 60 kHz 13 3 RSB 10 kW 60 kHz 4 SL 15 nF 1) KEYBOARD U4224B 5 12 6 11 C3 7 10 10 nF 8 9 2) C1 MICROCOMPUTER DISPLAY C2 1) If SL is not used, SL is connected to V CC 2) 60 kHz crystal can be replaced by 10 pF 3) If IC is activated, PON is connected to GND 47 nF 94 8278 e TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 9 (17) U4224B Application Circuit for JG2AS 40 kHz CONTROL LINES + VCC Ferrite Antenna fres = 40 kHz 1 16 2 15 TCO PON 3) 14 40 kHz 13 3 4 SL MICROCOMPUTER 1) KEYBOAR U4224B 40 kHz C2 220 nF 12 6 11 C3 7 10 10 nF DISPLAY C1 680 pF 5 2) 1 MW R 8 9 1) 2) 3) If SL is not used, SL is connected to VCC 40 kHz crystal can be replaced by 22 pF If IC is activated, PON is connected to GND 94 7724 e 10 (17) TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B PAD Coordinates The T4224B is the die version of the U4224B. DIE size: PAD size: Thickness: 2.26 x 2.09 mm 100 x 100 mm (contact window 88 x 88 mm) 300 mm 20 mm Symbol IN1 IN GND SB Q1A Q1B REC INT DEC " x-axis/mm 128 128 354 698 1040 1290 1528 1766 2044 y-axis/mm 758 310 124 128 128 128 128 128 268 x-axis/mm 2044 2044 2044 1980 1634 1322 1008 128 Symbol FLA FLB SL Q2A Q2B PON TCO VCC y-axis/mm 676 1012 1624 1876 1876 1876 1876 1098 The PAD coordinates are referred to the left bottom point of the contact window. PAD Layout TCO Q2B PON Q2A SL VCC FLB T4224B IN1 FLA IN y-axis GND x-axis Reference point (0/0) TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 SB Q1A Q1B REC INT DEC 94 8892 11 (17) U4224B Information Regarding German Transmitter Station: DCF 77, Frequency 77.5 kHz, Transmitting power 50 kW Location: Mainflingen/Germany, Geographical coordinates: 50_ 0.1’N, 09 00’E Time of transmission: permanent Time Frame 1 Minute Time Frame ( index count 1 second ) 10 5 20 15 25 40 35 30 45 55 50 0 5 10 R A1 Z1 Z2 A2 S 1 2 4 8 10 20 40 P1 1 2 4 8 10 20 P2 1 2 4 8 10 20 1 2 4 1 2 4 8 10 1 2 4 8 10 20 40 80 P3 0 minutes coding when required Example:19.35 h 1 s sec. 20 21 2 22 4 23 10 8 24 25 26 calendar day month day of the week hours 20 40 27 P1 28 29 2 1 30 Modulation: The carrier amplitude is reduced to 25 % at the beginning of each second for 100 ms (binary zero) or 200 ms (binary one) duration, excepting the 59th second. Time Code Format: (based on information of Deutsche Bundespost) It consists of 1 minute time frames. No modulation at the 12 (17) 93 7527 8 4 31 minutes Start Bit year 32 10 33 20 34 P2 35 hours Parity Bit P1 Parity Bit P2 beginning of the 59th second to recognize the switch over to the next 1 minute time frame. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of minutes, hours, calendar day, day of the week, month and year between the 20th second and 58th second of the time frame, including the start bit S (200 ms) and parity bits P1, P2 and P3. Further there are 5 additional bits R (transmission by reserve antenna), A1 (announcement of change–over to the summer time), Z1 (during the summer time 200 ms, otherwise 100 ms), Z2 (during standard time 200 ms otherwise 100 ms) and A2 (announcement of leap second) transmitted between the 15th second and 19th second of the time frame. TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B Information Regarding British Transmitter Geographical coordinates: 52_ 22’N, 01 11’W Time of transmission: permanent, excepting the first tuesday of each month from 10.00 h to 14.00 h. Station: MSF Frequency 60 kHz Transmitting power 50 kW Location: Teddington, Middlesex TIME FRAME 1 MINUTE TIME FRAME ( index count 1 second) 10 5 15 20 25 35 30 50 45 40 55 0 year month switch over to the next time frame day of hour month day of week minute 10 minute identifier BST hour + minute day of week day + month year BST 7 GMT change impending Parity check bits 1 0 5 0 80 40 20 10 8 4 2 1 10 8 4 2 1 20 10 8 4 2 1 4 2 1 20 10 8 4 2 1 40 20 10 8 4 2 1 0 0 500 ms 500 ms 93 7528 Example: March 1993 seconds 17 80 18 40 19 20 8 10 20 21 4 22 2 23 10 1 24 25 26 8 4 27 year 1 2 28 29 30 month Modulation: Time Code Format: The carrier amplitude is switched off at the beginning of each second for the time of 100 ms (binary zero) or 200 ms (binary one). It consists of 1 minute time frames. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of year, month, calendar day, day of the week, hours and minutes. At the switch–over to the next time frame, the carrier amplitude is reduced for 500 ms duration. The prescence of the fast code during the first 500 ms at the beginning of the minute in not guaranteed. The transmission rate is 100 bits/s and the code contains information of hour, minute, day and month. TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 13 (17) U4224B Information Regarding US Transmitter Station: WWVB Frequency 60 kHz Transmitting power 10 kW Location: Fort Collins Geographical coordinates: 40_ 40’N, 105 03’W Time of transmission: permanent. TIME FRAME 1 MINUTE TIME FRAME ( index count 1 second) 45 50 55 0 5 10 P0 80 40 20 10 P5 8 4 2 1 40 ADD SUB ADD P4 800 400 200 100 80 40 20 10 P3 8 4 2 1 days hours minutes 35 30 25 200 100 20 8 4 2 1 P2 15 20 10 P0 FRM 40 20 10 10 8 4 2 1 P1 5 0 daylight savings time bits leap second warning bit leap year indicator bit ”0” = non leap year ”1” = leap year UTI UTI year sign correction 93 7529 e Example: UTC 18.42 h TIME FRAME P0 seconds0 40 20 10 1 2 3 4 8 5 4 6 2 7 1 8 P1 20 10 8 4 2 1 P2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 minutes Frame reference marker hours Modulation: Time Code Format: The carrier amplitude is reduced 10 dB at the beginning of each second and is restored in 500 ms (binary one) or in 200 ms (binary zero). It consists of 1 minute time frames. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of minutes, hours, days and year. In addition there are 6 position identifier markers (P0 thru P5) and 1 frame reference marker with reduced carrier amplitude of 800 ms duration. 14 (17) TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B Information Regarding Japanese Transmitter Station: JG2AS Frequency 40 kHz Transmitting power 10 kW Location: Sanwa, Ibaraki Geographical coordinates: 36_ 11’ N, 139_ 51’ E Time of transmission: permanent Time Frame 1 Minute Time Frame (index count 1 second) minutes hours 45 50 55 0 5 10 P0 40 P5 35 ADD SUB ADD P4 8 4 2 1 30 80 40 20 10 P3 8 4 2 1 25 200 10 0 20 8 4 2 1 P2 15 20 10 10 8 4 2 1 P1 5 PO FRM 40 20 10 0 da ys code dut1 Example: 18.42 h Time Frame P0 8 40 20 10 sec. 59 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 6 2 7 1 8 P1 9 20 10 8 4 2 1 P2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 minutes hours frame reference marker (FRM) position identifier marker P1 position identifier marker P0 0.5 second: Binary one 0.8 second: Binary zero 0.2 second: Identifier markers P0...P5 0.8 s 0.5 s 0.2 s 93 7508 e ”1” ”0” ”P” Modulation: Time Code Format: The carrier amplitude is 100% at the beginning of each second and is switched off after 500 ms (binary one) or after 800 ms (binary zero). It consists of one minute time frame. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of minutes, hours and days. In addition there are 6 position identifier markers (P0 thruP5) and one frame reference markers (FRM) with reduced carrier amplitude of 800 ms duration. Ordering and Package Information Extended type number U4224B-CFL U4224B-CFLG3 T4224B-CF T4224B-CC TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 Package SO 16 L plastic SO 16 L plastic no no Remarks Taping according to IEC–286–3 die on foil die on tray 15 (17) U4224B Dimensions in mm Package: SO 16 L 94 8961 16 (17) TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 U4224B Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement It is the policy of TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances ( ODSs). The Montreal Protocol ( 1987) and its London Amendments ( 1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2 . Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C ( transitional substances ) respectively. TEMIC can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2423 TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 17 (17)