ADVANCE INFORMATION MICRONAS Edition Oct. 13, 1999 6251-483-1AI VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E, VPX 3224E Video Pixel Decoders MICRONAS VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Contents Page Section Title 6 7 1. 1.1. Introduction System Architecture 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 26 2. 2.1. 2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.1.3. 2.1.4. 2.1.5. 2.1.6. 2.2. 2.3. 2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.3.3. 2.3.4. 2.3.5. 2.3.6. 2.3.7. 2.3.8. 2.3.9. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.6.1. 2.6.2. 2.6.3. 2.6.4. 2.6.5. 2.7. 2.7.1. 2.7.1.1. 2.7.1.2. 2.7.1.3. 2.7.2. 2.7.3. 2.7.4. 2.8. 2.8.1. 2.8.2. 2.8.3. 2.9. 2.9.1. 2.9.2. 2.9.3. 2.9.4. Functional Description Analog Front-End Input Selector Clamping Automatic Gain Control Analog-to-Digital Converters ADC Range Digitally Controlled Clock Oscillator Adaptive Comb Filter (VPX 3226E only) Color Decoder IF-Compensation Demodulator Chrominance Filter Frequency Demodulator Burst Detection / Saturation Control Color Killer Operation Automatic Standard Recognition PAL Compensation/1H Comb Filter Luminance Notch Video Sync Processing Macrovision Detection Component Processing Horizontal Resizer Skew Correction Peaking and Coring YCbCr Color Space Video Adjustments Video Output Interface Output Formats YCbCr 4:2:2 with Separate Syncs/ITU-R601 Embedded Reference Headers/ITU-R656 Embedded Timing Codes (BStream) Bus Shuffler Output Multiplexer Output Ports Video Data Transfer Single and Double Clock Mode Clock Gating Half Clock Mode Video Reference Signals HREF VREF Odd/Even Information (FIELD) VACT 2 Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION VPX 322xE Contents, continued Page Section Title 27 27 27 29 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 34 34 35 36 36 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 45 2.10. 2.10.1. 2.10.2. 2.11. 2.12. 2.13. 2.13.1. 2.13.2. 2.13.3. 2.13.3.1. 2.13.3.2. 2.13.3.3. 2.13.3.4. 2.14. 2.14.1. 2.14.2. 2.15. 2.15.1. 2.15.2. 2.15.3. 2.15.4. 2.15.5. 2.16. 2.16.1. 2.16.2. 2.16.3. 2.17. 2.17.1. 2.17.2. 2.17.2.1. 2.17.2.2. 2.17.2.3. 2.17.2.4. 2.17.2.5. 2.17.2.6. 2.17.3. 2.17.4. 2.17.4.1. 2.17.4.2. 2.17.4.3. 2.17.4.4. 2.17.4.5. 2.17.4.6. 2.17.4.7. 2.18. Operational Modes Open Mode Scan Mode Windowing the Video Field Temporal Decimation Data Slicer Slicer Features Data Broadcast Systems Slicer Functions Input Automatic Adaptation Standard Selection Output VBI Data Acquisition Raw VBI Data Sliced VBI Data Control Interface Overview I2C-Bus Interface Reset and I2C Device Address Selection Protocol Description FP Control and Status Registers Initialization of the VPX Power-on-Reset Software Reset Low Power Mode JTAG Boundary-Scan, Test Access Port (TAP) General Description TAP Architecture TAP Controller Instruction Register Boundary Scan Register Bypass Register Device Identification Register Master Mode Data Register Exception to IEEE 1149.1 IEEE 1149.1–1990 Spec Adherence Instruction Register Public Instructions Self-Test Operation Test Data Registers Boundary-Scan Register Device Identification Register Performance Enable/Disable of Output Signals Micronas 3 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Contents, continued Page Section Title 46 46 47 49 50 51 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. Specifications Outline Dimensions Pin Connections and Short Descriptions Pin Descriptions Pin Configuration Pin Circuits 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 57 57 57 57 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.2.3. 4.2.4. 4.3. 4.3.1. 4.3.2. 4.3.3. 4.3.4. 4.3.5. 4.3.6. 4.3.7. 4.3.8. 4.3.9. 4.3.10. 4.3.10.1. Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions Recommended Analog Video Input Conditions Recommended I2C Conditions for Low Power Mode Recommended Digital Inputs Levels of RES, OE, TCK, TMS, TDI Recommended Crystal Characteristics Characteristics Current Consumption Characteristics, Reset XTAL Input Characteristics Characteristics, Analog Front-End and ADCs Characteristics, Control Bus Interface Characteristics, JTAG Interface (Test Access Port TAP) Characteristics, Digital Inputs/Outputs Clock Signals PIXCLK, LLC, and LLC2 Digital Video Interface Characteristics, TTL Output Driver TTL Output Driver Description 63 63 63 64 65 66 66 67 67 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.7.1. Timing Diagrams Power-up Sequence Default Wake-up Selection Control Bus Timing Diagram Output Enable by Pin OE Timing of the Test Access Port TAP Timing of all Pins connected to the Boundary-Scan-Register-Chain Timing Diagram of the Digital Video Interface Characteristics, Clock Signals 68 68 71 75 6. 6.1. 6.1.1. 6.1.2. Control and Status Registers Overview Description of I2C Control and Status Registers Description of FP Control and Status Registers 4 Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION VPX 322xE Contents, continued Page Section Title 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 90 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.3.1. 7.3.2. 7.3.3. 7.3.4. 7.3.5. 7.3.6. 7.4. 7.5. Application Notes Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 322xD-C3 Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 3220A Control Interface Symbols Write Data into I2C Register Read Data from I2C Register Write Data into FP Register Read Data from FP Register Sample Control Code Xtal Supplier Typical Application 92 8. Data Sheet History Micronas 5 VPX 322xE Video Pixel Decoders ADVANCE INFORMATION Video Interfacing – YCbCr 4:2:2 format Note: This data sheet describes functions and characteristics of VPX 322xE-A1. – ITU-R 601 compliant output format – ITU-R 656 compliant output format 1. Introduction The Video Pixel Decoders VPX 322xE are the third generation of full feature video acquisition ICs for consumer video and multimedia applications. All of the processing necessary to convert an analog video signal into a digital component stream have been integrated onto a single 44-pin IC. Moreover, the VPX 3225E and VPX 3226E provide text slicing for intercast, teletext, and closed caption. For improved Y/C separation, the VPX 3226E includes an adaptive 4H comb filter. All chips are pin compatible to VPX 3220A, VPX 3214C, and VPX 322xD. Their notable features include: Video Decoding – high-performance adaptive 4H comb filter Y/C separator with adjustable vertical peaking (VPX 3226E only) – multistandard color decoding: • NTSC-M, NTSC-443 • PAL-BDGHI, PAL-M, PAL-N, PAL-60 • SECAM • S-VHS – two 8-bit video A/D converters with clamping and automatic gain control (AGC) – BStream compliant output format – square pixel format (640 or 768 pixel/line) – 8-bit or 16-bit synchronous output mode – 13.5 MHz/16-bit and 27 MHz/8-bit output rate – VBI bypass and raw ADC data output Data Broadcast Support (VPX 3225/6E only) – high-performance data slicing in hardware – multistandard data slicer • NABTS, WST • CAPTION (1x, 2x), VPS, WSS, Antiope – full support for • Teletext, Intercast, Wavetop, • WebTV for Windows, EPG services – programmable to new standards via I2C – VBI and Full-Field mode – data insertion into video stream – simultaneous acquisition of Teletext, VPS, WSS, and Caption Miscellaneous – four analog inputs with integrated selector for: • 3 composite video sources (CVBS), or • 2 Y/C sources (S-VHS), or • 2 composite video sources and one Y/C source. – 44-pin PLCC and PMQFP packages – horizontal and vertical sync detection for all standards – on-chip clock generation, only one crystal needed for all standards – decodes and detects Macrovision 7.1 protected video Video Processing – hue, brightness, contrast, and saturation control – reduced power consumption of below 500 mW – I2C serial control, 2 different device addresses – user programmable output pins – power-down mode – IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) boundary scan interface – dual window cropping and scaling – 8 input or user programmable output pins – horizontal resizing between 32 and 864 pixels/line Software Support – vertical resizing by line dropping – MediaCVR Software Suite • Video for Windows driver • TV viewer applet, Teletext browser • Intercast/Wavetop browser – high-quality anti-aliasing filter – scaling controlled peaking and coring – WebTV for Windows • Video capture and VBI services 6 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 1.1. System Architecture The block diagram (Fig. 1–1) illustrates the signal flow through the VPX. A sampling stage performs 8-bit A/D conversion, clamping, and AGC. The color decoder separates the luma and chroma signals, demodulates the chroma, and filters the luminance. A sync slicer detects the sync edge and computes the skew relative to the sample clock. The video processing stage resizes the YCbCr samples, adjusts the contrast and brightness, and interpolates the chroma. The text slicer extracts lines with text information and delivers decoded data bytes to the video interface. RESQ Note: The VPX 322xE is register compatible with the VPX 322xD family, but not with VPX 3220A, VPX 3216B, and VPX 3214C family. HREF VREF FIELD Sync Processing ADC Chroma MUX Port Video Decoder Chroma Demodulator Line Store SDA I2C Y Cb Cr Y Video Interface Luma Filter Video Processing Adaptive 4H CombFilter (VPX 3226E only) ADC MUX CVBS/Y MUX Text Slicer (not VPX 3224E) A[7:0] OEQ Cb Cr Port Clock Gen. DCO B[7:0] PIXCLK LLC VACT JTAG TDI TDO TCK TMS SCL Fig. 1–1: Block diagram of the VPX 322xE Micronas 7 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION pacitors and is generated by digitally controlled current sources. The clamping level is the back porch of the video signal. S-VHS chroma is AC coupled. The input pin is internally biased to the center of the ADC input range. 2. Functional Description The following sections provide an overview of the different functional blocks within the VPX. Most of them are controlled by the Fast Processor (‘FP’) embedded in the decoder. For controlling, there are two classes of registers: I2C registers (directly addressable via I2C bus) and FP-RAM registers (RAM memory of the FP; indirectly addressable via I2C bus). For further information, see section 2.15.1. 2.1.3. Automatic Gain Control A digitally working automatic gain control adjusts the magnitude of the selected baseband by +6/–4.5 dB in 64 logarithmic steps to the optimal range of the ADC. 2.1. Analog Front-End This block provides the analog interfaces to all video inputs and mainly carries out analog-to-digital conversion for the following digital video processing. A block diagram is given in Fig. 2–1. 2.1.4. Analog-to-Digital Converters Two ADCs are provided to digitize the input signals. Each converter runs with 20.25 MHz and has 8-bit resolution. An integrated bandgap circuit generates the required reference voltages for the converters. The two ADCs are of a 2-stage subranging type. Clamping, AGC, and clock DCO are digitally controlled. The control loops are closed by the embedded processor. 2.1.1. Input Selector 2.1.5. ADC Range Up to four analog inputs can be connected. Three inputs (VIN1–3) are for input of composite video or S-VHS luma signal. These inputs are clamped to the sync back porch and are amplified by a variable gain amplifier. Two inputs, one dedicated (CIN) and one shared (VIN1), are for connection of S-VHS carrier-chrominance signal. The chrominance input is internally biased and has a fixed gain amplifier. The ADC input range for the various input signals and the digital representation is given in Table 2–1 and Fig. 2–2. The corresponding output signal levels of the VPX 32xx are also shown. 2.1.6. Digitally Controlled Clock Oscillator The clock generation is also a part of the analog front end. The crystal oscillator is controlled digitally by the FP; the clock frequency can be adjusted within ±150 ppm. 2.1.2. Clamping The composite video input signals are AC coupled to the IC. The clamping voltage is stored on the coupling ca- CVBS/Y CVBS/Y CVBS/Y/C AGC +6/–4.5 dB VIN3 VIN2 clamp ADC digital CVBS or Luma ADC digital Chroma VIN1 gain Chroma CIN bias system clocks input mux reference generation frequency DCVO ±150 ppm 20.25 MHz Fig. 2–1: Analog front-end 8 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–1: ADC input range for PAL input signal and corresponding output signal ranges Signal CVBS Input Level [mVpp] 0 dB +4.5 dB [steps] [steps] 100% CVBS 667 1333 2238 252 – 75% CVBS 500 1000 1679 213 – video (luma) 350 700 1175 149 224 sync height 150 300 504 64 – 68 16 burst 300 64 – 100% Chroma 890 190 128$112 75% Chroma 670 143 128$84 128 128 bias level CVBS/Y Chroma white 192 video = 100 IRE 128 128 68 32 0 black = clamp level ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 80 ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ sync = 41 IRE lower headroom = 4 steps = 0.2 dB 32 75% Chroma 192 228 100% Chroma 217 headroom = 56 steps = 2.1 dB burst ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ upper headroom = 38 steps = 1.4 dB = 25 IRE 255 YCrCb Output Range –6 dB clamp level Chroma ADC Range ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Fig. 2–2: ADC ranges for CVBS/Luma and Chroma, PAL input signal Micronas 9 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.2. Adaptive Comb Filter (VPX 3226E only) The 4H adaptive comb filter is used for high-quality luminance/chrominance separation for PAL or NTSC composite video signals. The comb filter improves the luminance resolution (bandwidth) and reduces interferences such as cross-luminance and cross-color. The adaptive algorithm eliminates most of the mentioned errors without introducing new artifacts or noise. A block diagram of the comb filter is shown in Fig. 2–3. The filter uses four line delays to process the information of three video lines. To have a fixed phase relationship of the color subcarrier in the three channels, the system clock (20.25 MHz) is fractionally locked to the color subcarrier. This allows the processing of all color standards and substandards using a single crystal frequency. The CVBS signal in the three channels is filtered at the subcarrier frequency by a set of bandpass / notch filters. The output of the three channels is used by the adaption logic to select the weighting that is used to reconstruct the luminance/chrominance signal from the 4 bandpass/ notch filter signals. By using soft mixing of the 4 signals, switching artifacts of the adaption algorithm are completely suppressed. The comb filter uses the middle line as reference, therefore, the comb filter delay is two lines. If the comb filter is switched off, the delay lines are used to pass the luma/ chroma signals from the A/D converters to the luma/ chroma outputs. Thus, the processing delay is always two lines. In order to obtain the best-suited picture quality, it is possible for the user to influence the behavior of the adaption algorithm going from moderate combing to strong combing. The following three parameters may be adjusted: – HDG (horizontal difference gain) – VDG (vertical difference gain) – DDR (diagonal dot reducer) HDG typically defines the comb strength on horizontal edges. It determines the amount of the remaining crossluminance and the sharpness on edges respectively. As HDG increases, the comb strength, e.g. cross luminance reduction and sharpness, increases. VDG typically determines the comb filter behavior on vertical edges. As VDG increases, the comb strength, e.g. the amount of hanging dots, decreases. After selecting the comb filter performance in horizontal and vertical direction, the diagonal picture performance may further be optimized by adjusting DDR. As DDR increases, the dot crawl on diagonal colored edges is reduced. To enhance the vertical resolution of the the picture, the VPX 3226E provides a vertical peaking circuitry. The filter gain is adjustable between 0 and +6 dB, and a coring filter suppresses small amplitudes to reduce noise artifacts. In relation to the comb filter, this vertical peaking contributes greatly to an optimal two-dimensional resolution homogeneity. CVBS Input 2H Delay Line Chroma Input Bandpass/ Notch Filter 2H Delay Line Luma / Chroma Mixers Adaption Logic Bandpass Filter Luma Output Chroma Output Bandpass Filter Fig. 2–3: Block diagram of the adaptive comb filter (PAL mode) 10 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.3. Color Decoder 10 In this block, the standard luma/chroma separation and multi-standard color demodulation is carried out. The color demodulation uses an asynchronous clock, thus allowing a unified architecture for all color standards. dB 5 0 –5 A block diagram of the color decoder is shown in Fig. 2–5. The luma, as well as the chroma processing, is shown here. The color decoder also provides several special modes; for example, wide band chroma format which is intended for S-VHS wide bandwidth chroma. The output of the color decoder is YCrCb in a 4:2:2 format. –10 –15 –20 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 MHz Fig. 2–4: Freq. response of chroma IF-compensation 2.3.1. IF-Compensation With off-air or mistuned reception, any attenuation at higher frequencies or asymmetry around the color subcarrier is compensated. Four different settings of the IFcompensation are possible: 2.3.2. Demodulator – 10 dB/MHz The entire signal (which might still contain luma) is now quadrature-mixed to the baseband. The mixing frequency is equal to the subcarrier for PAL and NTSC, thus achieving the chroma demodulation. For SECAM, the mixing frequency is 4.286 MHz giving the quadrature baseband components of the FM modulated chroma. After the mixer, a lowpass filter selects the chroma components; a downsampling stage converts the color difference signals to a multiplexed half rate data stream. The last setting gives a very large boost to high frequencies. It is provided for SECAM signals that are decoded using a SAW filter specified originally for the PAL standard. The subcarrier frequency in the demodulator is generated by direct digital synthesis; therefore, substandards such as PAL 3.58 or NTSC 4.43 can also be demodulated. – flat (no compensation) – 6 dB /octave – 12 dB /octave MUX Luma / CVBS 1 H Delay Notch Filter Luma CrossSwitch Chroma MUX ACC Chroma IF Compensation DC-Reject MIXER Lowpass Filter Phase/Freq. Demodulator Color-PLL / Color-ACC Fig. 2–5: Color decoder Micronas 11 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.3.3. Chrominance Filter 2.3.4. Frequency Demodulator The demodulation is followed by a lowpass filter for the color difference signals for PAL/NTSC. SECAM requires a modified lowpass function with bell-filter characteristic. At the output of the lowpass filter, all luma information is eliminated. The frequency demodulator for demodulating the SECAM signal is implemented as a CORDIC-structure. It calculates the phase and magnitude of the quadrature components by coordinate rotation. The lowpass filters are calculated in time multiplex for the two color signals. Four bandwidth settings (narrow, normal, broad, wide) are available for each standard. The filter passband can be shaped with an extra peaking term at 1.25 MHz. For PAL/NTSC, a wide band chroma filter can be selected. This filter is intended for high bandwidth chroma signals; for example, a nonstandard wide bandwidth S-VHS signal. The phase output of the CORDIC processor is differentiated to obtain the demodulated frequency. After a programmable deemphasis filter, the Dr and Db signals are scaled to standard CrCb amplitudes and fed to the crossover-switch. 2.3.5. Burst Detection / Saturation Control In the PAL/NTSC-system, the burst is the reference for the color signal. The phase and magnitude outputs of the CORDIC are gated with the color key and used for controlling the phase-lock-loop (APC) of the demodulator and the automatic color control (ACC) in PAL/NTSC. The ACC has a control range of +30 ... –6 dB. dB 0 –10 –20 Color saturation can be selected once for all color standards. In PAL/NTSC, it is used as reference for the ACC. In SECAM, the necessary gains are calculated automatically. –30 –40 –50 0 1 2 3 4 5 MHz PAL/NTSC dB 0 For SECAM decoding, the frequency of the burst is measured. Thus, the current chroma carrier frequency can be identified and is used to control the SECAM processing. The burst measurements also control the color killer operation; they can be used for automatic standard detection as well. –10 2.3.6. Color Killer Operation –20 –30 –40 –50 0 1 2 3 4 SECAM Fig. 2–6: Frequency response of chroma filters 12 5 MHz The color killer uses the burst-phase / burst-frequency measurement to identify a PAL/NTSC or SECAM color signal. For PAL/NTSC, the color is switched off (killed) as long as the color subcarrier PLL is not locked. For SECAM, the killer is controlled by the toggle of the burst frequency. The burst amplitude measurement is used to switch off the color if the burst amplitude is below a programmable threshold. Thus, color will be killed for very noisy signals. The color amplitude killer has a programmable hysteresis. Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.3.7. Automatic Standard Recognition CVBS The burst frequency measurement is also used for automatic standard recognition (together with the status of horizontal and vertical locking) thus allowing a completely independent search of the line and color standard of the input signal. The following standards can be distinguished: PAL B, G, H, I; NTSC M; SECAM; NTSC 44; PAL M; PAL N; PAL 60 For a preselection of allowed standards, the recognition can be enabled/disabled via I2C bus for each standard separately. If at least one standard is enabled, the VPX 322xE checks the horizontal and vertical locking of the input signal and the state of the color killer regularly. If an error exists for several adjacent fields, a new standard search is started. Depending on the measured number of lines per field and burst frequency, the current standard is selected. For error handling, the recognition algorithm delivers the following status information: – search active (busy) Y Notch filter 8 Luma Y 8 CrC b Chroma Process. a) conventional Chroma CrCb Chroma Process. 8 b) S-VHS CVBS Y Notch filter 8 1H Delay Chroma Process. CrCb c) compensated Notch filter CVBS Y 1H Delay 8 CrCb Chroma Process. d) comb filter Fig. 2–7: NTSC color decoding options – search terminated, but failed – found standard is disabled – vertical standard invalid – no color found CVBS Y Notch filter 8 Please refer to Table 6–4 for details. Chroma Process. 2.3.8. PAL Compensation / 1H Comb Filter a) conventional The color decoder uses one fully integrated delay line. Only active video is stored. Luma 1H Delay CrCb Y 8 The delay line application depends on the color standard: – NTSC: 1H comb filter or color compensation – PAL: color compensation – SECAM: crossover-switch In the NTSC compensated mode, Fig. 2–7 c), the color signal is averaged for two adjacent lines. Thus, crosscolor distortion and chroma noise is reduced. In the NTSC combfilter mode, Fig. 2–7 d), the delay line is in the composite signal path, thus allowing reduction of cross-color components, as well as cross-luminance. The loss of vertical resolution in the luminance channel is compensated by adding the vertical detail signal with removed color information. Chroma 8 Chroma Process. 1H Delay CrCb b) S-VHS Fig. 2–8: PAL color decoding options CVBS 8 Y Notch filter Chroma Process. 1H Delay MUX CrCb Fig. 2–9: SECAM color decoding Micronas 13 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION dB 2.3.9. Luminance Notch 10 If a composite video signal is applied, the color information is suppressed by a programmable notch filter. The position of the filter center frequency depends on the subcarrier frequency for PAL/NTSC. For SECAM, the notch is directly controlled by the chroma carrier frequency. This considerably reduces the cross-luminance. The frequency responses for all three systems are shown in Fig. 2–11. In S-VHS mode, this filter is bypassed. 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 0 2 4 6 8 10 MHz 6 8 10 MHz PAL/NTSC notch filter 2.4. Video Sync Processing Fig. 2–10 shows a block diagram of the front-end sync processing. To extract the sync information from the video signal, a linear phase lowpass filter eliminates all noise and video contents above 1 MHz. The sync is separated by a slicer; the sync phase is measured. The internal controller can select variable windows to improve the noise immunity of the slicer. The phase comparator measures the falling edge of sync, as well as the integrated sync pulse. The sync phase error is filtered by a phase-locked loop that is computed by the FP. All timing in the front-end is derived from a counter that is part of this PLL, and it thus counts synchronously to the video signal. A separate hardware block measures the signal back porch and also allows gathering the maximum/minimum of the video signal. This information is processed by the FP and used for gain control and clamping. For vertical sync separation, the sliced video signal is integrated. The FP uses the integrator value to derive vertical sync and field information. Frequency and phase characteristics of the analog video signal are derived from PLL1. The results are fed to dB 10 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 0 2 4 SECAM notch filter Fig. 2–11: Frequency responses of the luma notch filter for PAL, NTSC, SECAM the rest of the video processing system in the backend. The resizer unit uses them for data interpolation and orthogonalization. A separate timing block derives the timing reference signals HREF and VREF from the horizontal sync. PLL1 video input lowpass 1 MHz & sync slicer horizontal sync separation phase comparator & lowpass clamp & signal measurement Fig. 2–10: Sync separation block diagram 14 clamping counter front sync generator front sync skew vblank field front-end timing clock synthesizer syncs clock H/V syncs color key FIFO_write Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.5. Macrovision Detection 2.6. Component Processing Video signals from Macrovision encoded VCR tapes are decoded without loss of picture quality. However it might be necessary in some applications to detect the presence of Macrovision encoded video signals. This is possible by reading a status register (FP-RAM 0x170). Recovery of the YCbCr components by the decoder is followed by horizontal resizing and skew compensation. Contrast enhancement with noise shaping can also be applied to the luminance signal. Vertical resizing is supported via line dropping. Macrovision encoded video signals typically have AGC pulses and pseudo sync pulses added during VBI. The amplitude of the AGC pulses is modulated in time. The Macrovision detection logic measures the VBI lines and compares the signal against programmable thresholds. Fig. 2–12 illustrates the signal flow through the component processing stage. The YCbCr 4:2:2 samples are separated into a luminance path and a chrominance path. The Luma Filtering block applies anti-aliasing lowpass filters with cutoff frequencies adapted to the number of samples after scaling, as well as peaking and coring. The Resize and Skew blocks alter the effective sampling rate and compensate for horizontal line skew. The YCbCr samples are buffered in a FIFO for continuous burst at a fixed clock rate. For luminance samples, the contrast and brightness can be adjusted and noise shaping applied. In the chrominance path, Cb and Cr samples can be swapped. Without swapping, the first valid video sample is a Cb sample. Chrominance gain can be adjusted in the color decoder. The window in which the video lines are checked for Macrovision pulses can be defined in terms of start and stop line (e.g. 6–15 for NTSC). Yin Resize Skew Luma Filter with peaking & coring Active Video Reference Contrast, Brightness & Noise shaping Yout Cb/Crswapping Crout Luma Phase Shift Sequence Control Latch Chroma Phase Shift F I F O 16 bit Resize CbCrin Skew Fig. 2–12: Component processing stage Table 2–2: Several rasters supported by the resizer NTSC PAL/SECAM Format Name 640 x 480 768 x 576 Square pixels for broadcast TV (4:3) 704 x 480 704 x 576 Input Raster for MPEG-2 320 x 240 384 x 288 Square pixels for TV (quarter resolution) 352 x 240 352 x 288 CIF – Input raster for MPEG-1, H.261 160 x 120 192 x 144 Square pixels for TV (1/16 resolution), H.324, H.323 176 x 120 176 x 144 QCIF – Input raster for H.261 32 x 24 32 x 24 Video icons for graphical interfaces (square) Micronas 15 VPX 322xE 2.6.1. Horizontal Resizer The operating range of the horizontal resizer was chosen to serve the widest possible range of applications and source formats (number of lines, aspect ratio, etc...). Table 2–2 lists several examples for video sourced from 525/625 line TV systems. The horizontal resizer alters the sampling raster of the video signal, thereby varying the number of pixels (NPix) in the active portion of the video line. The number of pixels per line is selectable within a range from 32 to 864 in increments of 2 pixels (see section 2.11.: Windowing the video field). Table 2–2 gives an overview of several supported video rasters. The visual quality of a sampling rate conversion operation depends on two factors: ADVANCE INFORMATION dB 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 – the frequency response of the individual filters, and – the number of available filters from which to choose. The VPX is equipped with a battery of FIR filters to cover the five octave operating range of the resizer. Fig. 2–13 shows the magnitude response of five example filters corresponding to 1054, 526, 262, 130, and 32 pixels. 0 10 20 30 40 MHz Fig. 2–13: Freq. response of 5 widely spaced filters dB The density of the filter array can be seen in Fig. 2–14. The magnitude response of 50 filters lying next to each other are shown. Nevertheless, these are only 10% of all filters shown. As a whole, the VPX comes with a battery of 512 FIR filters. Showing these 512 Filters in Fig. 2–13 would result in a large black area. This dense array of filters is necessary in order to maintain constant visual quality over the range of allowable picture sizes. The alternative would be to use a small number of filters whose cutoff frequencies are regularly spaced over the spectrum. However, it has been found that using few filters leads to visually annoying threshold behavior. These effects occur when the filters are changed in response to variations in the picture size. Filter selection is performed automatically by the internal processor based on the selected resizing factor (NPix). This automated selection is optimized for best visual performance. 16 0 –2 –4 –6 –8 –10 –12 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 MHz Fig. 2–14: Freq. response of 50 adjacent filters Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.6.2. Skew Correction 2.6.4. YCbCr Color Space The VPX delivers orthogonal pixels with a fixed clock even in the case of non-broadcast signals with substantial horizontal jitter (VCRs, laser disks, certain portions of the 6 o’clock news...). This is achieved by highly accurate sync slicing combined with post correction. Immediately after the analog input is sampled, a horizontal sync slicer tracks the position of sync. This slicer evaluates, to within 1.6 ns, the skew between the sync edge and the edge of the pixelclock. This value is passed as a skew on to the phase shift filter in the resizer. The skew is then treated as a fixed initial offset during the resizing operation. The color decoder outputs luminance and one multiplexed chrominance signal at a sample clock of 20.25 MHz. Active video samples are flagged by a separate reference signal. Internally, the number of active samples is 1080 for all standards (525 lines and 625 lines). The representation of the chroma signals is the ITU-R 601 digital studio standard. In the color decoder, the weighting for both color difference signals is adjusted individually. The default format has the following specification: – Y = 224*Y + 16 (pure binary), The skew block in the resizer performs programmable phase shifting with subpixel accuracy. In the luminance path, a linear interpolation filter provides a phase shift between 0 and 31/32 in steps of 1/32. This corresponds to an accuracy of 1.6 ns. The chrominance signal can be shifted between 0 and 7/8 in steps of 1/8. 2.6.3. Peaking and Coring The horizontal resizer comes with an extra peaking filter for sharpness control. The center frequency of the peaking filter is automatically adjusted to the image size in 512 steps. However, for each size, the user can select between a low, middle (default), or high center frequency for peaking. The peaking amplitude can be controlled by the user in 8 steps via FP-RAM 0x126/130. Fig. 2–15 shows the magnitude response of the eight steps of the peaking filter corresponding to an image size of 320 pixels. After the peaking filter, an additional coring filter is implemented to the horizontal resizer. The coring filter subtracts 0, 1/2, 1, or 2 LSBs of the higher frequency part of the signal. Note, that coring can be performed independently of the peaking value adjustment. dB 10 – Cr = 224*(0.713*(R–Y)) + 128 (offset binary), – Cb = 224*(0.564*(B–Y)) + 128 (offset binary). 2.6.5. Video Adjustments The VPX provides a selectable gain (contrast) and offset (brightness) for the luminance samples, as well as additional noise shaping. Both the contrast and brightness factors can be set externally via I2C serial control of FPRAM 0x127,128,131, and 132. Fig. 2–16 gives a functional description of this circuit. First, a gain is applied, yielding a 10-bit luminance value. The conversion back to 8-bit is done using one of four selectable techniques: simple rounding, truncation,1-bit error diffusion, or 2-bit error diffusion. Bit[8] in the ‘contrast’-register selects between the clamping levels 16 and 32. Iout = c * Iin + b c = 0...63/32 in 64 steps b = –127...128 in 256 steps In the chrominance path, Cb and Cr samples can be swapped with bit[8] in FP-RAM 0x126 or 130. Adjustment of color saturation and gain is provided via FPRAM 0x30–33 (see section 2.3.5.). Rounding 0 Truncation –10 1 bit Err. Diff. 2 bit Err. Diff. –20 Contrast –30 0 1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 2–15: Frequency response of peaking filter Micronas 6 MHz Select Brightness FP-RAM Registers Fig. 2–16: Contrast and brightness adjustment 17 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.7. Video Output Interface 2.7.1. Output Formats Contrary to the component processing stage running at a clock rate of 20.25 MHz, the output formatting stage (Fig. 2–17) receives the video samples at a pixel transport rate of 13.5 MHz. It supports 8 or 16-bit video formats with separate or embedded reference signals, provides bus shuffling, and channels the output via one or both 8-bit ports. Data transfer is synchronous to the internally generated 13.5 MHz pixel clock. The VPX supports the YCbCr 4:2:2 video format only. During normal operation, all reference signals are output separately. To provide a reduced video interface, the VPX offers two possibilities for encoding timing references into the video data stream: an ITU-R656 compliant output format with embedded timing reference headers and a second format with single timing control codes in the video stream. The active output format can be selected via FP-RAM 0x150 [format]. The format of the output data depends on three parameters: 2.7.1.1. YCbCr 4:2:2 with Separate Syncs/ITU-R601 – the selected output format S YCbCr 4:2:2, separate syncs S YCbCr 4:2:2, ITU-R656 S YCbCr 4:2:2, embedded reference codes (BStream) The default output format of the VPX is a synchronous 16-bit YCbCr 4:2:2 data stream with separate reference signals. Port A is used for luminance and Port B for chrominance-information. Video data is compliant to ITUR601. Bit[1:0] of FP-RAM 0x150 has to be set to 00. Figure 2–18 shows the timing of the data ports and the reference signals in this mode. – the number of active ports (A only, or both A and B) – clock speed (single, double, half). 8 8 8 Output Multiplex 16 Bus Shuffler Video Samples Output Formats In 8-bit modes using only Port A for video data, Port B can be used as programmable output. 8 8 8 Port A OE 8 8 Port B PIXCLK LLC LLC2 HREF VREF VACT Clock Generation Reference Signals Fig. 2–17: Output format stage Luminance (Port A) Y1 Yn–1 Yn Chrominance (Port B) C1 Cn–1 Cn VACT PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–18: Detailed data output (single clock mode) 18 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.7.1.2. Embedded Reference Headers/ITU-R656 The VPX supports an output format which is designed to be compliant with the ITU-R656 recommendation. It is activated by setting bit[1:0] of FP-RAM 0x150 to 01. The 16-bit video data must be multiplexed to 8 bit at the double clock frequency (27 MHz) via FP-RAM 0x154, bit[9] set to 1 (see also Section 2.7.3.: Output Multiplexer). In this mode, video samples are in the following order: Cb, Y, Cr, Y, ... The data words 0 and 255 are protected since they are used for identification of reference headers. This is assured by limitation of the video data. Timing reference codes are inserted into the data stream at the beginning and the end of each video line in the following way: A ‘Start of active video’-Header (SAV) is inserted before the first active video sample. The ‘end of active video’-code (EAV) is inserted after the last active video sample. They both contain information about the field type and field blanking. The data words occurring during the horizontal blanking interval between EAV and SAV are filled with 0x10 for luminance and 0x80 for chrominance information. Table 2–3 shows the format of the SAV and EAV header. Fig. 2–19 and 2–20 show standard ITU-R656 output waveforms. – For data within the VBI-window (e.g. sliced or raw teletext data), the user can select between limitation or reduction to 7-bit resolution with an additional LSB assuring odd parity (0 and 255 never occur). This option can be selected via FP-RAM 0x150 [range]. – The task bit can be used as a qualifier for VBI data. It is set to zero during the programmed VBI window if bit[11] in 0x150 is set. – Ancillary data blocks may be longer than 255 bytes (for raw data) and are transmitted without checksum. The secondary data ID is used as high byte of the data count (DC1; see Table 2–4). – Ancillary data packets must not follow immediately after EAV or SAV. – The total number of clock cycles per line, as well as valid cycles between EAV and SAV may vary. Table 2–3: Coding of the SAV/EAV-header Bit No. Word MSB LSB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 First 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Note that the following changes and extensions to the ITU-R656 standard have been included to support horizontal and vertical scaling, transmission of VBI-data, etc.: Second 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Third 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fourth T F V H P3 P2 P1 P0 – Both the length and the number of active video lines varies with the selected window parameters. For compliance with the ITU-R656 recommendation, a size of 720 samples per line must be selected for each window. To enable a constant line length even in the case of different scaling values for the video windows, the VPX provides a programmable ‘active video’ signal (see section 2.9.4.). T= 0 during VBI data (if enabled), else T = 1 F = 0 during field 1, F = 1 during field 2 V = 0 during active lines V = 1 during vertical field blanking H = 0 in SAV, H = 1 in EAV – During blanked lines, the VACT signal is suppressed. VBI-lines can be marked as blanked or active, thus allowing the choice of enabled or suppressed VACT during the VBI-window. The vertical field blanking flag (V) in the SAV/EAV header is set to zero in any line with enabled VACT signal (valid VBI or video lines). – During blanked lines SAV/EAV headers can be suppressed in pairs with FP-RAM 0x150, bit[9]. To assure vertical sync detection, some SAV/EAV headers are inserted during field blanking. – The flags F,V and H encoded in the SAV/EAV headers change on SAV. With FP-RAM 0x150, bit[10] set to 1 they change on EAV. The programmed windows however are delayed by one line. Header suppression is always applied for SAV/EAV pairs. Micronas The bits P0, P1, P2, and P3 are protection bits. Their states are dependent on the states of F, V, and H. They can be calculated using the following equations: P3 = H xor V xor T P2 = H xor F xor T P1 = V xor F xor T P0 = H xor V xor F The VPX also supports the transmission of VBI-data as vertical ancillary data during blanked lines in the interval starting with the end of the SAV and terminating with the beginning of EAV. In this case, an additional header is inserted directly before the valid active data; thus, the position of SAV and EAV depends on the settings for the programmable VACT signal (see Fig. 2–21). These parameters will be checked and corrected if necessary to assure an appropriate size of VACT for both data and ancillary header. 19 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–4: Coding of the ancillary header information Table 2–4 shows the coding of the ancillary header information. The word I[2:0] contains a value for data type identification (1 for sliced and 3 for raw data during odd fields, 5 for sliced and 7 for raw data during even fields). M[5:0] contains the MSBs and L[5:0] the LSBs of the number of following D–words (32 for sliced data, 285 for raw data). DC1 is normally used as secondary data ID. The value 0 for M[5:0] in the case of sliced data marks an undefined format. Bit[6](P) is even parity for bit[5] to bit[0]. Bit[7] is the inverted parity flag. Note that the following user data words (video data) are either limited or have odd parity to assure that 0 and 255 will not occur. Bit[3] in FP-RAM 0x150 selects between these two options. Bit No. Word MSB LSB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Pream1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pream2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pream3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 DID NP P 0 1 0 I2 I1 I0 DC1 NP P M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 DC2 NP P L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 L0 current line length Cb Y Cr Y ... constant during horizontal blanking Y = 10hex; Cr = Cb = 80hex SAV EAV EAV Digital Video Output SAV dependent on window size Cb Y Cr Y ... SAV: “start of active video” header EAV: “end of active video” header VACT Fig. 2–19: Output of video or VBI data with embedded reference headers (according to ITU-R656) DATA (Port A) 80h 10h SAV1 SAV2 SAV3 SAV4 Cb1 Y1 Cr1 Y2 Cbn–1 Yn–1 Crn–1 Yn EAV1 EAV2 EAV3 EAV4 80h 10h VACT PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–20: Detailed data output (double clock mode) current line length size of programmable VACT constant during horizontal blanking Y = 10hex; Cr = Cb = 80hex SAV D1 D2 D3 D4 ... EAV ANC SAV Digital Video Output EAV dependent on VBI-window size Cb Y Cr Y ... SAV: “start of active video” header EAV: “end of active video” header VACT Fig. 2–21: Output of VBI-data as ancillary data 20 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.7.1.3. Embedded Timing Codes (BStream) In this mode, several event words are inserted into the pixel stream for timing information. It is activated by setting Bit[1:0] of FP-RAM 0x150 to 10. Each event word consists of a chrominance code value containing the phase of the color-multiplex followed by a luminance code value signalling a specific event. The allowed control codes are listed in Table 2–5 and 2–6. At the beginning and the end of each active video line, timing reference codes (start of active video: SAV; end of active video: EAV) are inserted with the beginning and the end of VACT (see Fig. 2–23). Since VACT is suppressed during blanked lines, video data and SAV/EAV codes are present during active lines only. If raw/sliced data should be output, VACT has to be enabled during the VBI window with bit[2] of FP-RAM 0x138! In the case of several windows per field, the length of the active data stream per line can vary. Since the qualifiers for active video (SAV/EAV) are independent of the other reference codes, there is no influence on horizontal or vertical syncs, and sync generation can be performed even with several different windows. For full compliance with applications requiring data streams of a constant size, the VPX provides a mode with programmable ‘video active’ signal VACT which can be selected via bit[2] of FP-RAM 0x140. The start and end positions of VACT relative to HREF is determined by FP-RAM 0x151 and 0x152. The delay of valid data relative to the leading edge of HREF is calculated with the formulas given in Table 2–7 and 2–8. The result can be read in FP-RAM 0x10f (for window 1) and 0x11f (for window 2). Be aware that the largest window defines the size of the needed memory. In the case of 1140 raw VBI-samples and only 32 scaled video samples, the graphics controller needs 570 words for each line (the VBI-samples are multiplexed to luminance and chrominance paths). bus shuffler, luminance can be switched to port B and chrominance to port A. In 8-bit double clock mode, shuffling can be used to swap the Y and C components. It is selected with FP-RAM 0x150. Table 2–5: Chrominance control codes Chroma Value Phase Information FE Cr pixel FF Cb pixel 2.7.3. Output Multiplexer During normal operation, a 16-bit YCbCr 4:2:2 data stream is transferred synchronous to an internally generated PIXCLK at a rate of 13.5 MHz. Data can be latched onto the falling edge of PIXCLK or onto the rising edge of LLC during high PIXCLK. In the double clock mode, luminance and chrominance data are multiplexed to 8 bit and transferred at the double clock frequency of 27 MHz in the order Cb, Y, Cr, Y...; the first valid chrominance value being a Cb sample. With shuffling switched on, Y and C components are swapped. Data can be latched with the rising edge of LLC or alternating edges of PIXCLK. This mode is selected with bit[9] of FP-RAM 0x154. All 8-bit modes use Port A only. In this case, Port B can be used as input or activated as programmable output with bit[8] of FP-RAM 0x154. Bit[0–7] determine the state of Port B (see Fig. 2–22). to controller 7:0 I2C 0xAB The leading edge of HREF indicates the beginning of a new video line. Depending on the type of the current line (active or blanked), the corresponding horizontal reference code is inserted. For big window sizes, the leading edge of HREF can arrive before the end of the active data. In this case, hardware assures that the control code for HREF is delayed and inserted after EAV only. The VREF control code is inserted at the falling edge of VREF. The state of HREF at this moment indicates the current field type (HREF = 0: odd field; HREF = 1: even field). video data 8 =0 8 8 =1 from controller Port B[7:0] ben 7:0 8 FP-RAM 0x154 [outmux] Fig. 2–22: Port B as input or programmable output port In this mode, the words 0, 1, 254, and 255 are reserved for data identifications. This is assured by limitation of the video data. 2.7.2. Bus Shuffler In the YCbCr 4:2:2 mode, the output of luminance data is on port A and chrominance data on port B. With the Micronas 2.7.4. Output Ports The two 8-bit ports produce TTL level signals coded in binary offset. The Ports can be tristated either via the output enable pin (OE) or via I2C register 0xF2. For more information, see section 2.18. “Enable/Disable of Output Signals”. 21 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–6: Luminance control codes Luma Value Video Event Video Event Phase Information 01 VACT end last pixel was the last active pixel refers to the last pixel 02 VACT begin next pixel is the first active pixel refers to the next pixel 03 HREF active line begin of an active video line refers to the current pixel 04 HREF blank line begin of a blank line refers to the current pixel 05 VREF even begin of an even field refers to the current pixel 06 VREF odd begin of an odd field refers to the current pixel DATA (Port A) FFh 03h FFh 02h Cb1 Y1 Cr1 Y2 Cbn–1 Yn–1 Crn–1 Yn FEh 01h VACT HREF PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–23: Detailed data output with timing event codes (double clock mode) 2.8. Video Data Transfer 2.8.1. Single and Double Clock Mode The VPX supports a synchronous video interface. Video data arrives to each line at the output in an uninterrupted burst with a fixed transport rate of 13.5 MHz. The duration of the burst is measured in clock periods of the transport clock and is equal to the number of pixels per output line. Data is transferred synchronous to the internally generated PIXCLK. The frequency of PIXCLK is 13.5 MHz. The LLC signal is provided as an additional support for both the 13.5 MHz and the 27 MHz double clock mode. The LLC consists of a doubled PIXCLK signal (27 MHz) for interface to external components which rely on the Philips transfer protocols. In the single clock mode, data can be latched onto the falling edge of PIXCLK or at the rising edge of LLC during high PIXCLK. In double clock mode, output data can be latched onto both clock edges of PIXCLK or onto every rising edge of LLC. Combined with the half-clock mode, the available transfer bandwidths at the ports are therefore 6.75 MHz, 13.5 MHz, and 27.0 MHz. The data transfer is controlled via the signals PIXCLK, VACT, and LLC. An additional clock signal LLC2 can be switched to the TDO output pin to support different timings. The VACT signal flags the presence of valid output data. Fig. 2–24, 2–25, and 2–26 illustrate the relationship between the video port data, VACT, PIXCLK, and LLC. Whenever a line of video data should be suppressed (line dropping, switching between analog inputs), it is done by suppression of VACT. 22 2.8.2. Clock Gating To assure a fixed number of clock cycles per line, LLC and LLC2 can be gated during horizontal blanking. This mode is enabled when bit[7] of FP-RAM 0x153[refsig] is set to 1. The start and stop timing is defined by ‘pval_start’ and ‘pval_stop’. Note that four additional LLC cycles are inserted before and after to allow transmission of SAV/EAV headers in ITU-R656 mode. Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.8.3. Half Clock Mode For applications demanding a low bandwidth for the transmission between video decoder and graphics controller, the clock signal qualifying the output pixels (PIXCLK) can be divided by 2. This mode is enabled by setting bit[5] of the FP-RAM 0x150 [halfclk]. Note that the output format ITU-R601 must be selected. The timing of the data and clock signals in this case is described in Figure 2–26. If the half-clock mode is enabled, each second pulse of PIXCLK is gated. PIXCLK can be used as a qualifier for valid data. To ensure that the video data stream can be spread, the selected number of valid output samples should not exceed 400. Luminance (Port A) Y1 Yn–1 Yn Chrominance (Port B) C1 Cn–1 Cn VACT PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–24: Output timing in single clock mode Video (Port A) C1 Y1 Cn–1 Yn–1 Cn Yn VACT PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–25: Output timing in double clock mode Luminance (Port A) Y1 Yn Chrominance (Port B) C1 Cn VACT PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–26: Output timing in half clock mode Micronas 23 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.9. Video Reference Signals 2.9.2. VREF The complete video interface of the VPX runs at a clock rate of 13.5 MHz. It mainly generates two reference signals for the video timing: a horizontal reference (HREF) and a vertical reference (VREF). These two signals are generated by programmable hardware and can be either free running or synchronous to the analog input video. The video line standard (625/50 or 525/60) depends on the TV-standard selected with FP-RAM 0x20 [sdt]. The polarity of both signals is individually selectable via FP-RAM 0x153. Figs. 2–28 and 2–29 illustrate the timing of the VREF signal relative to field boundaries of the two TV standards. The start of the VREF pulse is fixed, while the length is programmable in the range between 2 and 9 video lines via FP-RAM 0x153 [vlen]. The circuitry which produces the VREF and HREF signals has been designed to provide a stable, robust set of timing signals, even in the case of erratic behavior at the analog video input. Depending on the selected operating mode given in FP-RAM 0x140 [settm], the period of the HREF and VREF signals are guaranteed to remain within a fixed range. These video reference signals can therefore be used to synchronize the external components of a video subsystem (for example the ICs of a PC add-in card). In addition to the timing references, valid video samples are marked with the ‘video active’ qualifier (VACT). In order to reduce the signal number of the video interface, several 8-bit modes have been implemented, where the reference signals are multiplexed into the data stream (see section 2.7.1.). 2.9.3. Odd/Even Information (FIELD) Information on whether the current field is odd or even is supplied through the relationship between the edge (either leading or trailing) of VREF and level of HREF. This relationship is fixed and shown in Figs. 2–28 and 2–29. The same information can be supplied to the FIELD pin, which can be enabled/disabled as output in FP-RAM 0x153 [enfieldq]. FP-RAM 0x153 [oepol] programs the polarity of this signal. During normal operation the FIELD flag is filtered since most applications need interlaced signals. After filtering, the field type is synchronized to the input signal only if the last 8 fields have been alternating; otherwise, it always toggles. This filtering can be disabled with FPRAM 0x140 [disoef]. In this case, the field information follows the odd/even property of the input video signal. 2.9.1. HREF Fig. 2–27 illustrates the timing of the HREF signal relative to the analog input. The inactive period of HREF has a fixed length of 64 periods of the 13.5 MHz output clock rate. The total period of the HREF signal is expressed as Fnominal and depends on the video line standard. Analog Video Input VPX Delay HREF 4.7 µs (64 cycles) Fnominal Fig. 2–27: HREF relative to input video 24 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 1 625 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Input CVBS (50 Hz), PAL 3 4 5 6 7 Input CVBS (60 Hz), NTSC HREF 361 tCLK13.5 361 tCLK13.5 VREF 2 .. 9 H > 1 tCLK13.5 FIELD Fig. 2–28: VREF timing for ODD fields for VPX 3224E and VPX 3225E; for VPX 3226E: 2 lines additional delay due to 4H comb filter 312 313 314 315 316 317 265 266 267 268 269 270 318 319 320 Input CVBS (50 Hz), PAL 271 272 273 Input CVBS (60 Hz), NTSC HREF 46 tCLK13.5 46 tCLK13.5 VREF 2 .. 9 H > 1 tCLK13.5 FIELD Fig. 2–29: VREF timing for EVEN fields for VPX 3224E and VPX 3225E; for VPX 3226E: 2 lines additional delay due to 4H comb filter Micronas 25 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION supported [FP-RAM 0x140, vactmode]. The start and end position for the VACT signal relative to the trailing edge of HREF can be programmed within a range of 0 to 864 [FP-RAM 0x151, 0x152]. In this case, VACT no longer marks valid samples only. 2.9.4. VACT The ‘video active’ signal is a qualifier for valid video samples. Since scaled video data is stored internally, there are no invalid pixel within the VACT interval. VACT has a defined position relative to HREF depending on the window settings (see section 2.11.). The maximal window length depends on the minimal line length of the input signal. It is recommended to choose window sizes of less than 800 pixels. Sizes up to 864 are possible, but for non-standard input lines, VACT is forced inactive 4 PIXCLK cycles before the next trailing edge of HREF. The position of the valid data depends on the window definitions. It is calculated from the internal processor. The calculated delay of VACT relative to the trailing edge of HREF can be read via FP–RAM 0x10f (window 1) or 0x11f (window 2). Tables 2–7 and 2–8 show the formulas for the position of valid data samples relative to the trailing edge of HREF. During the VBI-window, VACT can be enabled or suppressed with FP-RAM 0x138. Within this window, the VPX can deliver either sliced text data with a constant length of 64 samples or 1140 raw input samples. For applications that request a uniform window size over the whole field, a mode with a free programmable VACT is Fig. 2–30 illustrates the temporal relationship between the VACT and the HREF signals as a function of the number of pixels per output line and the horizontal dimensions of the window. The duration of the inactive period of the HREF is fixed to 64 clock cycles. Table 2–7: Delay of valid output data relative to the trailing edge of HREF (single clock mode) Mode Data Delay Data End Video data (HBeg+HLen)*(720/NPix)–Hlen for NPix < 720 HBeg*(720/NPix) for NPix ≥ 720 DataDelay + HLen Raw VBI data 150 720 Sliced VBI data 726 790 Table 2–8: Delay of valid output data relative to the trailing edge of HREF (half clock mode) Mode Data Delay Data End Video data (HBeg+HLen)*(720/NPix)–2*Hlen for NPix < 360 HBeg*(720/NPix) for NPix ≥ 360 DataDelay + 2*HLen Raw VBI data not possible! not possible! Sliced VBI data 662 790 DATA (Port A or B) D1 Dn–1 VACT Dn data end data delay 64 cycles HREF PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–30: Relationship between HREF and VACT signals (single clock mode) 26 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.10. Operational Modes 2.10.2. Scan Mode The relationship between the video timing signals (HREF and VREF) and the analog input video is determined by the selected operational mode. Two such modes are available: the Open Mode, and the Scan Mode. These modes are selected via I2C commands [FP-RAM 0x140, settm, lattm]. In the Scan Mode, the HREF and VREF signals are always generated by free running hardware. They are therefore completely decoupled from the analog input. The output video data is always suppressed. The purpose of the Scan Mode is to allow the external controller to freely switch between the analog inputs while searching for the presence of a video signal. Information regarding the video (standard, source, etc...) can be queried via I2C read. 2.10.1. Open Mode In the Open Mode, both the HREF and the VREF signal track the analog video input. In the case of a change in the line standard (i.e. switching between the video input ports), HREF and VREF automatically synchronize to the new input. When no video is present, both HREF and VREF float to the idling frequency of their respective PLLs. During changes in the video input (drop-out, switching between inputs), the performance of the HREF and VREF signals is not guaranteed. I2C Command to switch video timing standard In the Scan Mode, the video line standard of the VREF and HREF signals can be changed via I2C command. The transition always occurs at the first frame boundary after the I2C command is received. Fig. 2–31, below, demonstrates the behavior of the VREF signal during the transition from the 525/60 system to the 625/50 system (the width of the vertical reference pulse is exaggerated for illustration). Selected timing standard becomes active time VREF f odd f even 16.683 ms f odd f even f odd 20.0 ms 33.367 ms 40.0 ms (525/60) (625/50) Fig. 2–31: Transition between timing standards Micronas 27 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–9: Transition Behavior as a Function of Operating Mode Transition Behavior as a Function of Operating Mode Transition Mode Behavior Power up/Reset (no video) Open VREF, HREF: floats to steady state frequency of internal PLL no video → video Open VREF, HREF: track the input signal Scan no visible effect on any data or control signals – timing signals continue unchanged in free running mode – VACT signal is suppressed Open VREF, HREF: Scan no visible effect on any data or control signals – timing signals continue unchanged in free running mode – VACT signal is suppressed Open VREF, HREF: track the input video immediately Data: available immediately after color decoder locks to input. Scan no outwardly visible effect on any data or control signals. – timing signals continue unchanged in free running mode – VACT signal is suppressed video → no video video → video 28 floats to steady state frequency of internal PLL Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.11. Windowing the Video Field For each input video field, two non-overlapping video windows can be defined. The dimensions of these windows are supplied via I2C commands. The presence of two windows allows separate processing parameters such as filter responses and the number of pixels per line to be selected. External control over the dimensions of the windows is performed by I2C writes to a window-load-table (WinLoadTab). For each window, a corresponding WinLoadTab is defined in a table of registers in the FP-RAM [window1: 0x120–128; window2: 0x12a–132]. Data written to these tables does not become active until the corresponding latch bit is set in the control register FPRAM 0x140. A 2-bit flag specifies the field polarity over which the window is active [vlinei1,2]. Vertically, as can be seen in Fig. 2–32, each window is defined by a beginning line given in FP-RAM 0x120/12A, a number of lines to be read-in (FP-RAM 0x121/12B), and a number of lines to be output (FP-RAM 0x122/12C). Each of these values is specified in units of video lines. Line 1 begin begin Window 1 # lines in, # lines out The option, to separately specify the number of input lines and the number of output lines, enables vertical compression. In the VPX, vertical compression is performed via simple line dropping. A nearest neighbor algorithm selects the subset of the lines for output. The presence of a valid line is signalled by the ‘video active’ qualifier (or the corresponding SAV/EAV code in embedded sync modes). The numbering of the lines in a field of interlace video is dependent on the line standard. Figs. 2–34 and 2–35 illustrate the mapping of the window dimensions to the actual video lines. The indices on the left are the line numbers relative to the beginning of the frame. The indices on the right show the numbering used by the VPX. As seen here, the vertical boundaries of windows are defined relative to the field boundary. Spatially, the lines from field #1 are displayed above identically numbered from field #2. For example: On an interlace monitor, line #23 from field #1 is displayed directly above line #23 from field #2. There are a few restrictions to the vertical definition of the windows. Windows must not overlap vertically but can be adjacent. The first allowed line within a field is line #10 for 525/60 standards and line #7 for 625/50 standards. The number of output lines cannot be greater than the number of input lines (no vertical zooming). The combined height of the two windows cannot exceed the number of lines in the input field. Horizontally, the windows are defined by a starting point defined in FP-RAM 0x123/12D and the length in FPRAM 0x124/12E. They are both given relative to the number of pixels (NPix) in the active portion of the line (Fig. 2–33) selected in FP-RAM 0x125/12F. The scaling factor is calculated internally from NPix. 53.33 msec 64 msec # lines in, # lines out Window 2 Window Fig. 2–32: Vertical dimensions of windows H Begin H Length N Pix Fig. 2–33: Horizontal dimensions of sampling window Micronas 29 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4 4 267 4 1 1 314 1 5 5 268 5 2 2 315 2 6 6 269 6 3 3 316 3 7 7 270 7 4 4 317 D D D D D D D D D D D D 4 18 281 18 22 22 335 19 19 282 19 23 23 336 23 20 20 283 20 24 24 337 24 21 21 284 21 25 25 338 18 D D D D D D 260 523 260 261 261 524 261 262 262 525 262 263 263 1 263 264 264 2 264 265 265 3 265 266 266 Field 1 Field 2 Fig. 2–34: Mapping for 525/60 line systems There are some restrictions in the horizontal window definition. The total number of active pixels (NPix) must be an even number. The maximum value for NPix should be 800. Values up to 864 are possible, but for short input lines, video data is not guaranteed at the end of the line since VACT will be interrupted at the beginning of the next line. HLength should also be an even number. Obviously, the sum of HBegin and HLength may not be greater than NPix. Window boundaries are defined by writing the dimensions into the associated WinLoadTab and then setting the corresponding latch bit in the control word FP-RAM 0x140 [latwin]. Window definition data is latched at the beginning of the next video frame. Once the WinLoadTab data has been latched, the latch bit in the Control word is reset. By polling the Infoword (FP-RAM 0x141), the external controller can know when the window boundary data has been read. Window definition data can be changed only once per frame. Multiple window definitions within a single frame time are ignored and can lead to error. 30 25 D D D D D D 260 22 308 308 621 308 309 309 622 309 310 310 623 310 311 311 624 311 312 312 625 312 313 313 Field 1 Field 2 Fig. 2–35: Mapping for 625/50 line systems 2.12. Temporal Decimation To cope with bandwidth restrictions in a system, the VPX supports temporal dropping of video frames via suppression of the VACT signal. Dropping will be applied for video windows only. There is no influence on the state of the VBI-window. This mode can be activated for each video window by setting the enable flag in the corresponding WinLoadTab (FP-RAM 0x121/12B). The selection in FP-RAM 0x157 determines how many frames will be output within an interval of 3000 frames. Note that this selection is applied for both video windows, but decimation can be enabled for each window separately. The number of valid frames is updated only if the corresponding latch flag in FP-RAM 0x140 [lattdec] is set. Frame dropping with temporal decimation can be combined with the field disable flags (FP-RAM 0x121/12B). Within valid video frames, each field type can be disabled separately. Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.13. Data Slicer 2.13.2. Data Broadcast Systems The data slicer is only available on VPX 3225E and VPX 3226E. Software drivers accessing the slicer I2C registers should therefore check the VPX part number. Table 2–10 gives an overview of the most popular data broadcast systems throughout the world. The data slicer of the VPX can be programmed to acquire the different data systems via a set of I2C registers. 2.13.1. Slicer Features – 8-bit digital FBAS input The various data broadcast systems are specified by a limited set of parameters: – 8-bit unbuffered ascii data output – line multiplex (VBI) – internal sync separation – bit rate – PAL and NTSC operation – modulation – VBI and full-field mode – start timing – automatic slicer adaptation – clock run-in (CRI) – text reception down to 30% eyeheight – framing code (FRC) – soft error correction – number of data bytes – simultaneous decoding of 4 different text services • main service: programmable • side service: VPS in line 16 • side service: CAPTION in line 21 • side service: WSS in line 23 – programmable text parameters for main service • bit rate • clock run-in • framing code • error tolerance • number of data bytes – operation controlled by I2C registers Table 2–10: Data Broadcast Systems Text System TV Standard TV Lines Bit Rate Modulation Timing CRI FRC No. Bytes WST PAL 6–22 6.937500Mbit/s NRZ 10.3 µs ’5555’x ’27’x 42 VPS PAL 16 2.500000Mbit/s Bi-Phase 12.5 µs ’5555’x ’51’x 13 WSS PAL 23 0.833333Mbit/s Bi-Phase 11.0 µs ’3c78’x ’f8’x 11 Caption PAL 21 1.006993Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’aaa0’x ’c2’x 4 VITC PAL 6–22 1.812500Mbit/s NRZ 11.2 µs ? ? 9 Antiope SECAM 6–22 6.203125Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’5555’x ’e7’x 37 WST NTSC 10–21 5.727272Mbit/s NRZ 9.6 µs ’5555’x ’27’x 34 NABTS NTSC 10–21 5.727272Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’5555’x ’e7’x 33 Caption NTSC 21 1.006993Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’aaa0’x ’c2’x 4 2xCaption NTSC 10–21 1.006993Mbit/s NRZ 10.5 µs ’2aa0’x ’b7’x 4 VITC NTSC 10–21 1.812500Mbit/s NRZ 11.2 µs ? ? 9 CGMS NTSC 20 0.450450Mbit/s NRZ 11 µs ’10’b – 3 Micronas 31 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.13.3. Slicer Functions The data slicer is inserted between the video ADC and the video output interface (see Fig. 1–1). It operates completely independent of the video front-end processing and has its own sync separator and a separate set of I2C registers. Figure 2–36 shows a more detailed block diagram of the digital data slicer. DIN 8 Sync Bit Slicer Formatter Digital Text Slicer I2C Register 8 Dout Dval increment = 2048 * bit rate/20.25 MHz 2.13.3.3. Standard Selection The main teletext service can be received in VBI lines only or in every line of each field (full-field mode). All parameters needed to identify a teletext service are programmable. 20.25 MHz Filter during framing code and clock run-in. The increment of the phase accumulator is programmable and can be used to set up any bit rate with the formula: I2C Bus Fig. 2–36: Slicer block diagram The slicer uses a reference of 24 bits to identify a teletext service. This reference is compared with the first received teletext bits which are often named clock run-in (CRI) and framing code (FRC). If there is a match, the slicer will start signal adaptation and write the following data to the output stage. The reference can be reduced in length by setting a mask for services which do not have a 16-bit clock run-in. Bit errors can be allowed by setting a tolerance level for every byte of the reference. Additionally, the slicer can switch to other teletext services during dedicated lines of the VBI. These can be line 16 for VPS, line 21 for CAPTION, or line 23 for WSS. In this case, the parameters are hard wired. Table 2–12 shows with which I2C registers the text parameters are programmed and what the fixed settings for the side services are. 2.13.3.4. Output 2.13.3.1. Input The slicer receives an 8-bit digitized FBAS signal which is clamped to the back porch level. The teletext signal amplitude can vary to a certain degree (±3 dB), as the slicer will adapt its internal slice level. 2.13.3.2. Automatic Adaptation The slicer measures certain signal characteristics as DC offset, level, bandwith, and phase error. A digital filter at the input stage is used to compensate bandwith effects of the transmission channel. A DC shifter generates a DC free text signal even in case of co-channel interference. The internal slice level is adapted to the teletext signal level. The adaption algorithm is designed for the signal characteristics of a WST or NABTS transmission. For text systems with significantly different signal characteristics (like CAPTION) the adaption should be disabled. The teletext sampling rate is generated by a phase accumulator running at 20.25 MHz, which is synchronized 32 The slicer delivers a synchronous burst of decoded teletext data bytes together with a data valid signal. This data stream is fed into the video FIFO of the VPX backend. The data rate depends on the teletext bit rate (divided by 8), the length of the burst is programmable. The burst can optionally be extended to 64 bytes independently of the selected teletext service (fill64 mode). The dummy bytes needed to fill the burst to 64 bytes are delivered at a rate of 20.25 MHz. Normally, there is no output during lines without text transmission or unknown text signals. For some applications, it is necessary to have constant memory mapping. Therefore, the slicer can be forced to output 64 bytes per line even if no text is detected (dump mode). The first 3 bytes of the data burst carry information to identify the received teletext service. The 2 byte line number contains a free running frame counter which can be used to identify data loss in the framebuffer of a capture application. The field bit can be used to identify field dependent services such as CAPTION. The 10-bit line number corresponds to the standard line counting scheme of a PAL composite video signal; in case of NTSC, the value “3” is subtracted. Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION The number of useful data bytes at the output is programmable and should be set accordingly to the selected teletext standard. To get “n” data bytes, the value “n+1” has to be programmed, because of the additional framing code byte. In case of dump mode, byte numbers “1” and “2” are also valid for lines without detected text data. They are then followed by 62 dummy bytes. Table 2–11: Slicer Output Format Byte Number Byte Format Bit Format 1 line number high b[7:3] frame counter b[2] odd field b[1:0] line number[9:8] 2 line number low b[7:0] line number[7:0] 3 framing code b[7:0] as transmitted 4 1st data byte b[7:0] as transmitted . ... ... byte_cnt+2 last data byte b[7:0] as transmitted . dummy byte b[7:0] 00000000 . ... ... 64 dummy byte b[7:0] 00000000 Table 2–12: Slicer Programming (shaded values are hard wired) Programmable Parameter I2C Register (hex) Main Service Side Services e.g. WST VPS WSS CAPTION text reception C9 on/off on/off on/off on/off TV standard C9 pal/ntsc pal pal ntsc TV lines C9 vbi/full field 16 23 21 bit rate C1, C2 702 506 506 102 reference BB, BC, BD 27 55 55 51 55 55 f8 3c 78 c2 aa a0 mask B8, B9, BA 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1f tolerance CE 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 byte_cnt CF 43 28 14 5 64 byte mode CF on/off dump mode CF on/off adaption C7 on/off off soft error correction C7 on/off off Micronas 33 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.14. VBI Data Acquisition 2.14.1. Raw VBI Data The VPX supports two different data acquisition modes for the vertical blanking interval: a bypass mode for raw data of the vertical blanking interval and a data slicer mode in which dedicated hardware provides constant packets of already decoded VBI-data. The data slicer mode is not available on VPX 3224E. The raw data mode is enabled with bit[1] of FP-RAM 0x138 (vbimode). This mode bypasses the luminance processing of the video front-end and delivers unmodified video samples from the ADC to the output ports. During lines within the VBI-window, specified by the user settings in the corresponding Load-Table, the VPX internally acquires 1140 raw data bytes of the luminance input at a rate of 20.25 MHz corresponding to 56.296 µs of the analog video (see Fig. 2–38). Chrominance data is not valid. The raw data samples are multiplexed internally to 570x16 bit on the luminance and chrominance port. The external timing corresponds to the video mode with 570 output samples for an uncropped window. Figure 2–37 shows the timing of both data ports and the necessary reference signals in this mode. For both services, the start and end line of a vertical blanking interval (VBI) window can be defined for each field with FP-RAM 0x134–137. Teletext data can occur between lines 6 and 23 of each field. However, the VBIwindow is freely programmable. It is possible to select the whole field (beginning with line #3). The VBI-window can be activated via bit[0] in FP-RAM 0x138. The identification of valid VBI-lines is possible with the VACT-signal (or the ‘active line’-flags in the modes with embedded syncs) or a special ‘data active’ signal on the TDO pin. Bit[10] of FP-RAM 0x154 selects between these two cases. In the default mode, VACT is used. The output of both signals can be suppressed optionally with bit[2] of FP-RAM 0x138. In this case, the graphic controller has to use only the HREF signal to mask the active video data. 1140 samples (56.296 ms) 64 ms In the ITU-R656 mode, VBI-data can be transmitted as vertical ancillary data (with 7 bit resolution + odd parity). The selections for the VBI-window will be updated by setting bit[11] in FP-RAM 0x138. 53.33 ms active video Fig. 2–38: Horizontal dimensions of the window for raw VBI-data Luminance (Port A) D2 D1138 D1140 Chrominance (Port B) D1 D1137 D1139 VACT or TDO* PIXCLK LLC * depending on bit[10] of FP-RAM 0x154 Fig. 2–37: Timing during lines with raw VBI-data (single clock mode) 34 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.14.2. Sliced VBI Data The sliced data mode is enabled with bit[1] of FP-RAM 0x138 (vbimode). This mode uses the integrated data slicer and delivers decoded data samples to the output ports. The data slicer provides data packets of a constant size (filled with dummy bytes). The data packets have a default size of 64 bytes. To reduce the data rate for text systems with a smaller number of data bytes, the packet size can be reduced via FP-RAM 0x139. During lines within the VBI-window, specified by the user settings in the corresponding Load-Table, the VPX internally multiplexes the data slicer packets onto the luminance and chrominance outputs. Since in the 8-bit output modes (ITU-R656, BStream), the values 0, 254 and 255 are protected, each slicer sample is separated into two nibbles for transmission. Table 2–13 shows the implemented data formats. In each path, one nibble is transmitted twice. The LSB is inverted for odd parity. This assures that the values 0 and 255 will not occur (for the detection of embedded syncs). In the mode with embedded timing event codes, chrominance data will be limited additionally. No significant information will be lost since only bit[0] and bit[1] will be modified. Figure 2–39 shows the timing of data and reference signals in this mode. Table 2–13: Splitting of sliced data to luminance and chrominance output Bit No. Word MSB LSB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Slicer Data S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Chroma Output S7 S6 S5 S4 S7 S6 S5 S4 Luma Output S3 S2 S1 S0 S3 S2 S1 S0 The splitting described above can be disabled by setting bit[6] in the ‘format_select’ register. In this case, the sliced samples will be transmitted in the luminance path only. To avoid modification of valid data, the limitation of luminance data in the 8-bit output modes should be suppressed with bit[8] in the same register (note that luminance codes will not be protected). Luminance (Port A) D1 (LSBs) D63 (LSBs) D64 (LSBs) Chrominance (Port B) D1 (MSBs) D63 (MSBs) D64 (MSBs) VACT PIXCLK LLC Fig. 2–39: Timing during lines with sliced VBI-data (single clock mode) Micronas 35 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.15. Control Interface 2.15.1. Overview Communication between the VPX and the external controller is performed serially via the I2C bus (pins SCL and SDA). There are basically two classes of registers in the VPX. The first class of registers are the directly addressable I2C registers. These are registers embedded directly in the hardware. Data written to these registers is interpreted combinatorially directly by the hardware. These registers are all a maximum of 8-bits wide. The second class of registers are the ‘FP-RAM registers’, the memory of the internal microcontroller (Micronas Fast Processor). Data written into this class of registers is read and interpreted by the FP’s micro-code. Internally, these registers are 12 bits wide. Communications with these registers require I2C packets with 16-bit data payloads. Communication with both classes of registers (I2C and FP-RAM) is performed via I2C. The format of the I2C telegram depends on which type of register is being addressed. The I2C interface of the VPX conforms to the I2C bus specification for the fast-mode. It incorporates slope control for the falling edges of the SDA and SCL signals. If the power supply of the VPX is switched off, both pins SCL and SDA float. External pull-up devices must be adapted to fulfill the required rise time for the fast-mode. For bus loads up to 200 pF, the pull-up device could be a resistor; for bus loads between 200 pF and 400 pF, the pull-up device can be a current source (3 mA max.) or a switched resistor circuit. 2.15.3. Reset and I2C Device Address Selection The VPX can respond to one of two possible chip addresses. The address selection is made at reset by an externally supplied level on the OE pin. This level is latched on the inactive going edge of RES. Table 2–14: I2C bus device addresses OE A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 R/W hex 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1/0 86/87 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1/0 8e/8f 2.15.2. I2C Bus Interface The VPX has an I2C bus slave interface and uses I2C clock synchronization to slow down the interface if required. The I2C bus interface uses one level of subaddressing. First, the bus address selects the IC, then a subaddress selects one of the internal registers. I2C subaddress space 0 Read Address Write Address Data FP-RAM 0 Status Fig. 2–40: FP register addressing 36 Once the reset is complete, the IC is selected by asserting the device address in the address part of a I2C transmission. A device address pair is defined as a write address (86 hex or 8e hex) and a read address (87 hex or 8f hex). Writing is done by sending the device write address first, followed by the subaddress byte and one or two data bytes. For reading, the read subaddress has to be transmitted, first, by sending the device write address (86 hex or 8e hex) followed by the subaddress, a second start condition with the device read address (87 hex or 8f hex), and reading one or two bytes of data. It is not allowed to send a stop condition in between. This will result in reading erratic data. The registers of the VPX have 8 or 16 bit data size; 16-bit registers are accessed by reading/writing two 8-bit data bytes with the high byte first. The order of the bits in a data/address/subaddress byte is always MSB first. FP mcontroller ff 2.15.4. Protocol Description 17f Figure 2–41 shows I2C bus protocols for read and write operations of the interface; the read operation requires an extra start condition after the subaddress and repetition of the read chip address, followed by the read data bytes. The following protocol examples use device address hex 86/87. Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Write to Hardware Control Registers S 10000110 ACK sub-addr ACK send data-byte ACK P NAK P Read from Hardware Control Registers S 10000110 Note: S= P= ACK = NAK = ACK sub-addr ACK S 10000111 ACK receive data-byte I2C-Bus Start Condition I2C-Bus Stop Condition Acknowledge-Bit (active low on SDA from receiving device) No Acknowledge-Bit (inactive high on SDA from receiving device) 1 0 SDA S P SCL Fig. 2–41: I2C bus protocol (MSB first) 2.15.5. FP Control and Status Registers Due to the internal architecture of the VPX, the IC cannot react immediately to all I2C requests which interact with the embedded processor (FP). The maximum response timing is appr. 20 ms (one TV field) for the FP processor if TV standard switching is active. If the addressed processor is not ready for further transmissions on the I2C bus, the clock line SCL is pulled low. This puts the cur- rent transmission into a wait state called clock synchronization. After a certain period of time, the VPX releases the clock and the interrupted transmission is carried on. Before accessing the address or data registers for the FP interface (FPRD, FPWR, FPDAT), make sure that the busy bit of FP is cleared (FPSTA). Write to FP S 10000110 ACK FPWR ACK send FP-addressbyte high ACK send FP-addressbyte low ACK P S 10000110 ACK FPDAT ACK send data-byte high ACK send data-byte low ACK P send FP-addressbyte high ACK send FP-addressbyte low ACK P Read from FP S 10000110 ACK FPRD ACK S 10000110 ACK FPDAT ACK Micronas S 10000111 ACK receive data-byte high ACK receive data-byte low NAK P 37 VPX 322xE 2.16. Initialization of the VPX 2.16.1. Power-on-Reset In order to completely specify the operational mode of the VPX, appropriate values must be loaded into the I2C and FP registers. After powering the VPX, an internal power-on-reset clears all the FP/I2C-Registers. An initialization routine loads the default values for both the I2C and FP registers from internal program ROM. The external RES pin forces all outputs to be tri-stated. At the inactive going edge of the RES pin, OE and FIELD are read in for configuration. The FIELD pin is internally pulled down, an external pull-up resistor could be used to define a different power-on configuration. The poweron configuration is read on every rising edge of the external RES pin. Either inactive (tri-state) or active output pins could be chosen with the FIELD pin at the inactive going edge of RES. In the inactive state, all relevant output pins are tristated, this includes Port A, Port B, HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, PIXCLK, LLC, and LLC2. In the active setup, all of these pins are driven. Table 2–15 gives an overview of the different setups. Additionally the data ports A and B can be tri–stated with an external pullup resistor at the output enable pin OE. The ports can be reactivated either by the OE pin or via setting bit[7] in I2C register 0xF2 (”oeq_dis”). The VPX always comes up in NTSC square pixel mode (640x240, both fields). In the case of inactive low power mode, the internal H-Sync scheduler is switched off, as in normal low power mode. After enabling the chip via I2C Interface, the H-Sync scheduler is enabled and the chips goes into a normal active NTSC operation condition. 2.16.2. Software Reset The VPX provides the possibility of a software reset generated via I2C command (I2C register 0xAA, bit[2]). Be aware that this software reset does not activate the configuration read-in during power-on reset. 2.16.3. Low Power Mode The VPX goes into low power mode, if the inactive mode has been chosen. This is equal to the manual chosen low-power mode. Note, that every manual selection of the power mode (full or low-power) overwrites (resets!) the power-up configuration. However, the current configuration cannot be read via the corresponding I2C register. Other restrictions are that the selection of the lowpower mode limits the rate of the I2C-interface to 100 kHz, and that the IC comes up with full power consumption until the low-power circuit becomes active. 38 ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 2–15: State of the pins during and after reset Pins Reset Active Inactive Setup (FIELD=0) Active Setup (FIELD=1) Port A Tri-State Tri-State active (OE=0) Port B Tri-State Tri-State active (OE=0) HREF Tri-State Tri-State active VREF Tri-State Tri-State active FIELD pull down Tri-State active VACT Tri-State Tri-State active PIXCLK Tri-State Tri-State active 13.5 MHz LLC Tri-State Tri-State active 27 MHz TDO/ LLC2 Tri-State Tri-State active programmable output With the FIELD pin pulled down at the inactive going edge of RES, the VPX comes up in the low power mode. This mode is introduced for power consumption critical applications. It can be turned on and off with bit[1:0] in the I2C register 0xAA (”lowpow”). There are three levels of low power mode. When any of them is turned on, the VPX waits for at least one complete video scan line in order to complete all internal tasks and then goes into tristate mode. The exact moment is not precisely defined, so care should be taken to deactivate the system using VPX data before the end of the video scan line in which the VPX is switched into low power mode. During the low power mode, all the I2C and FP registers are preserved, so that the VPX restores its normal operation as soon as low power mode is turned off, without need for any re-initialization. On the other hand, all the I2C and FP registers can be read/written as usual. The only exception is the third level (value of 3 in I2C register 0xAA) of low power. In that mode, I2C speeds above 100 kbit/sec are not allowed. In modes 1 and 2, I2C can be used up to the full speed of 400 kbit/s. Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.17. JTAG Boundary-Scan, Test Access Port (TAP) 2.17.2.2. Instruction Register The design of the Test Access Port, which is used for Boundary-Scan Test, conforms to standard IEEE 1149.1-1990, with one exception. Also included is a list of the mandatory instructions supported, as well as the optional instructions. The following comprises a brief overview of some of the basics, as well as any optional features which are incorporated. The IEEE 1149.1 document may be necessary for a more concise description. Finally, an adherence section goes through a checklist of topics and describes how the design conforms to the standard. The instruction register chooses which one of the data registers is placed between the TDI and TDO pins when the select data register state is entered in the TAP controller. When the select instruction register state is active, the instruction register is placed between the TDI and TDO. The implementation of the instructions HIGHZ and CLAMP conforms to the supplement P1149.1/D11 (October 1992) to the standard 1149.1-1990. – sample/preload Instructions The following instructions are incorporated: – bypass – extest – master mode – ID code 2.17.1. General Description – HIGHZ The TAP in the VPX is incorporated using the four signal interface. The interface includes TCK, TMS, TDI, and TDO. The optional TRESET signal is not used. This is not needed because the chip has an internal power-onreset which will automatically steer the chip into the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state. The goal of the interface is to provide a means to test the boundary of the chip. There is no support for internal or BIST(built-in self test). The one exception to IEEE 1149.1 is that the TDO output is shared with the LLC2 signal. This was necessitated due to I/O restrictions on the chip (see section 2.17.3. “Exceptions to IEEE 1149.1” for more information). – CLAMP 2.17.2. TAP Architecture The input cell is constructed to achieve capture only. This is the minimal cell necessary since Internal Test (INTEST) is not supported. The cell captures either the system input in the CAPTURE-DR state or the previous cells output in the SHIFT-DR state. The captured data is then available to the next cell. No action is taken in the UPDATE-DR state. See Figure 10–11 of IEEE 1149.1 for reference. The TAP function consists of the following blocks: TAPcontroller, instruction register, boundary-scan register, bypass register, optional device identification register, and master mode register. 2.17.2.1. TAP Controller The TAP controller is responsible for responding to the TCK and TMS signals. It controls the transition between states of this device. These states control selection of the data or instruction registers, and the actions which occur in these registers. These include capture, shifting, and update. See Fig. 5–1 of IEEE 1149.1 for TAP state diagram. Micronas 2.17.2.3. Boundary Scan Register The boundary scan register (BSR) consists of boundary scan cells (BSCs) which are distributed throughout the chip. These cells are located at or near the I/O pad. It allows sampling of inputs, controlling of outputs, and shifting between each cell in a serial fashion to form the BSR. This register is used to verify board interconnect. Input Cell Output Cell The output cell will allow both capture and update. The capture flop will obtain system information in the CAPTURE-DR state or previous cells information in the SHIFT-DR state. The captured data is available to the next cell. The captured or shifted data is downloaded to the update flop during the UPDATE-DR state. The data from the update flop is then multiplexed to the system output pin when the EXTEST instruction is active. Otherwise, the normal system path exists where the signal from the system logic flows to the system output pin. See Fig. 10–12 of IEEE 1149.1 for reference. 39 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Tristate Cell 2.17.4. IEEE 1149.1-1990 Spec Adherence Each group of output signals, which are tristatable, is controlled by a boundary scan cell (output cell type). This allows either the normal system signal or the scanned signal to control the tristate control. In the VPX, there are four such tristate control cells which control groups of output signals (see section “Output Driver Tristate Control” for further information). This section defines the details of the IEEE1149.1 design for the VPX. It describes the function as outlined by IEEE1149.1, section 12.3.1. The section of that document is referenced in the description of each function. Bidirect Cell The bidirect cell is comprised of an input cell and a tristate cell as described in the IEEE standard. The signal PIXCLK is a bidirectional signal. 2.17.2.4. Bypass Register This register provides a minimal path between TDI and TDO. This is required for complicated boards where many chips may be connected in serial. 2.17.4.1. Instruction Register (Section 12.3.1.b.i of IEEE 1149.1-1990) The instruction register is three bits long. No parity bit is included. The pattern loaded in the instruction register during CAPTURE-IR is binary “101” (MSB to LSB). The two LSBs are defined by the spec to be “01” (bit[1] and bit[0]) while the MSB (bit[2]) is set to “1”. 2.17.4.2. Public Instructions (Section 12.3.1.b.ii of IEEE 1149.1-1990) 2.17.2.5. Device Identification Register A list of the public instructions is as follows: This is an optional 32-bit register which contains the Micronas identification code (JEDEC controlled), part and revision number. This is useful in providing the tester with assurance that the correct part and revision are inserted into a PCB. Instruction Code (MSB to LSB) EXTEST 000 SAMPLE/PRELOAD 001 2.17.2.6. Master Mode Data Register ID CODE 010 This is an optional register used to control an 8-bit test register in the chip. This register supports shift and update. No capture is supported. This was done so the last word can be shifted out for verification. MASTER MODE 011 HIGHZ 100 CLAMP 110 BYPASS 100 – 111 2.17.3. Exception to IEEE 1149.1 There is one exception to IEEE 1149.1. The exception is to paragraphs 3.1.1.c., 3.5.1.b, and 5.2.1.d (TESTLOGIC-RESET state). Because of pin limitations on the chip, a pin is shared for two functions. When the circuit is in the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state, the LLC2 signal is driven out the TDO/LLC2 pin. When the circuit leaves the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state, the TDO signal is driven on this line. As long as the circuit is not in the TEST-LOGIC-RESET state, all the rules for application of the TDO signal adhere to the IEEE1149.1 spec. The EXTEST and SAMPLE/PRELOAD instructions both apply the boundary scan chain to the serial path. The ID CODE instruction applies the ID register to the serial chain. The BYPASS, the HIGHZ, and the CLAMP instructions apply the bypass register to the serial chain. The MASTER MODE instruction is a test data instruction for public use. It provides the ability to control an 8-bit test register in the chip. Since the VPX uses the JTAG function as a boundaryscan tool, the VPX does not sacrifice test of this pin since it is verified by exercising JTAG function. The designer of the PCB must make careful note of this fact, since he will not be able to scan into chips receiving the LLC2 signal via the VPX. The PCB designer may want to put this chip at the end of the chain or bring the VPX TDO out separately and not have it feed another chip in a chain. 40 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.17.4.3. Self-Test Operation 2.17.4.5. Boundary Scan Register (Section 12.3.1.b.iii of IEEE 1149.1-1990). (Section 12.3.1.b.v of IEEE 1149.1-1990) There is no self-test operation included in the VPX design which is accessible via the TAP. The boundary scan chain has a length of 38 shift registers. The scan chain order is specified in the section “Pin Connections”. 2.17.4.4. Test Data Registers 2.17.4.6. Device Identification Register (Section 12.3.1.b.iv of IEEE 1149.1-1990). (Section 12.3.1.b.vi of IEEE 1149.1-1990) The VPX includes the use of four test data registers. They are the required bypass and boundary scan registers, the optional ID code register, and the master mode register. The manufacturer’s identification code for Micronas is “6C”(hex). The general implementation scheme uses only the 7 LSBs and excludes the MSB, which is the parity bit. The part numbers are defined in Table 6–2 on page 71. The version code starts from “1”(hex) and changes with every revision. The version number relates to changes of the chip interface only. The bypass register is, as defined, a 1-bit register accessed by codes 100 through 111, inclusive. Since the design includes the ID code register, the bypass register is not placed in the serial path upon power-up or TestLogic-Reset. 2.17.4.7. Performance The master mode is an 8-bit test register which is used to force the VPX into special test modes. This is reset upon power-on-reset. This register supports shift and update only. It is not recommended to access this register. The loading of that register can drive the IC into an undefined state. Version Part Number (Section 12.3.1.b.vii of IEEE 1149.1-1990) See section “Specification” for further information. 7F Manufacturer ID 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 x x x x 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 31 28 27 2 12 11 3 3 5 x 8 0 7 1 d 0 9 Fig. 2–42: Device identification register Micronas 41 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION TAP State Transitions ÊÊÊÊÊÊ ÊÊÊÊÊÊ ÊÊÊÊÊÊ TDO could be used as programmable output pin or LLC2 clock signal (see Pin Description). $F 1 Test-Logic-Reset 0 $C 0 Run / Idle $7 1 Select Data Reg $4 1 Select Instr. Reg 0 0 $6 1 1 $E 1 Capture DR 0 Capture IR 0 ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 1 ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ $2 0 Shift DR 1 $1 Exit1 DR 0 $3 0 Pause DR 1 $0 0 Exit2 DR 1 $A 0 Shift IR 1 $9 1 Exit1 IR $B 0 Pause IR 1 $8 0 Exit2 IR 1 $5 $D State Code ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ Update DR Update IR TDO inactive TMS=1 TMS=0 TMS=1 TMS=0 TDO active State transitions are dependend on the value of TMS, synchronized by TCK. Fig. 2–43: TAP state transitions 42 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION ––************************************************************* –– –– This is the BSDL for the 44-Pin Version of the VPXE design. –– ––************************************************************* Library IEEE; Use work.STD_1149_1_1990.ALL; Entity VPXE_44 is Generic (Physical_Pin_Map:string := ”UNDEFINED”); Port( ––define ports TDI,TCK,TMS: TDO,HREF,VREF,FIELD: A: PVDD,PVSS: PIXCLK: OEQ: LLC, VACT: B: SDA,SCL: VSS,XTAL2,XTAL1,VDD: RESQ: AVDD,AVSS,VRT,ISGND: CIN,VIN1,VIN2,VIN3: in bit; out bit; out bit_vector(7 downto 0); linkage bit; out bit; in bit; out bit; out bit_vector(7 downto 0); inout bit; linkage bit; in bit; linkage bit; in bit ); Attribute Pin_Map of VPXE_44 : Entity is Physical_Pin_Map; constant Package_44 : Pin_Map_String := ”TDI : 1”& ”TCK : 2”& ”TDO : 3”& ”HREF : 4”& ”VREF : 5”& ”FIELD : 6 ” & ”A : (7,8,9,10,14,15,16,17)” & ”PVDD : 11 ” & ”PIXCLK : 12 ” & ”PVSS : 13 ” & ”OEQ : 18 ” & ”LLC : 19 ” & ”VACT : 20 ” & ”B : (21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28),” & ”SDA : 29 ” & ”SCL : 30 ” & ”RESQ : 31 ” & ”VSS : 32 ” & ”VDD : 33 ” & ”XTAL2 : 34 ” & ”XTAL1 : 35 ” & ”AVDD : 36 ” & ”CIN : 37 ” & ”AVSS : 38 ” & ”VIN1 : 39 ” & ”VIN2 : 40 ” & ”VRT : 41 ” & ”VIN3 : 42 ” & ”ISGND : 43 ” & ”TMS : 44 ” ; ––map pins to signals Attribute Attribute Attribute Attribute ––define JTAG Controls Tap_Scan_In of TDI Tap_Scan_Mode of TMS Tap_Scan_Out of TDO Tap_Scan_Clock of TCK : signal is true; : signal is true; : signal is true; : signal is (10.0e6,Both); ––max frequency and levels TCK can be stopped at. Attribute Instruction_Length of VPXE_44: entity is 3; ––define instr. length Attribute Instruction_Opcode ”EXTEST of VPXE_44: entity is (000),” & ––External Test Micronas 43 VPX 322xE ”SAMPLE ”IDCODE ”MASTERMODE ”HIGHZ ”CLAMP” ”BYPASS Attribute Register_Access ”BOUNDARY ”BYPASS ”IDCODE[32] ”MASTERMODE[8] ADVANCE INFORMATION (001),” & (010),” & (011),” & (100),” & (110),” & (100,101,110,111),”; ––Sample/Preload ––ID Code ––Master Mode (internal Test) –– Highz –– Clamp ––Bypass of VPXE_44: entity is (EXTEST,SAMPLE),” & (BYPASS, HIGHZ, CLAMP),” & (IDCODE),” & (MASTERMODE) ”; ––instr. vs register ––control Attribute INSTRUCTION_Capture of VPXE_44: entity is ”101”; Attribute IDCODE_Register ––captured instr. of VPXE_44: entity is ”0001” & ”0011001101010000” & ”0000” & ”1101100” & ”1”; ––initial rev ––part numb. 3350 ––7F Count ––Micronas Code-Parity ––Mandatory LSB Attribute Boundary_Cells of VPXE_44: entity is ”BC_1,BC_4”; –-BC_1 for output cell ––BC_4 for input cell Attribute Boundary_Length of VPXE_44: entity is 38; ––Boundary scan length Attribute Boundary_Register of VPXE_44: entity is –– num cell port function safe ccel ” 37 (BC_4, VIN3, input, X ” 36 (BC_4, VIN2, input, X ” 35 (BC_4, VIN1, input, X ” 34 (BC_4, CIN, input, X ” 33 (BC_1, *, internal, X ” 32 (BC_4, RESQ, input, X ” 31 (BC_4, SCL, input, X ” 30 (BC_1, SCL, output3, X, 30, ” 29 (BC_4, SDA, input, X ” 28 (BC_1, SDA, output3, X, 28, ” 27 (BC_1, B(0), output3, X, 19, ” 26 (BC_1, B(1), output3, X, 19, ” 25 (BC_1, B(2), output3, X, 19, ” 24 (BC_1, B(3), output3, X, 19, ” 23 (BC_1, B(4), output3, X, 19, ” 22 (BC_1, B(5), output3, X, 19, ” 21 (BC_1, B(6), output3, X, 19, ” 20 (BC_1, B(7), output3, X, 19, ” 19 (BC_1, *, control, X ” 18 (BC_1, VACT, output3, X, 16, ” 17 (BC_1, LLC, output3, X, 16, ” 16 (BC_1, *, control, X ” 15 (BC_4, OEQ, input, X ” 14 (BC_1, A(0), output3, X, 8, ” 13 (BC_1, A(1), output3, X, 8, ” 12 (BC_1, A(2), output3, X, 8, ” 11 (BC_1, A(3), output3, X, 8, ” 10 (BC_1, *, control, X ” 9 (BC_1, PIXCLK,output3, X, 10, ” 8 (BC_1, *, control, X ” 7 (BC_1, A(4), output3, X, 8, ” 6 (BC_1, A(5), output3, X, 8, ” 5 (BC_1, A(6), output3, X, 8, ” 4 (BC_1, A(7), output3, X, 8, ” 3 (BC_1, *, control, X, , ” 2 (BC_1, FIELD, output3, X, 3, ” 1 (BC_1, VREF, output3, X, 16, ” 0 (BC_1, HREF, output3, X, 16, ––Boundary scan defin. disval rslt 1, Z 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 1, 1, Z Z 1, 1, 1, 1, Z Z Z Z 1, Z 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),” & ),”; ––low power mode ––open collector ––open collector ––control ––control ––control ––control ––control End VPXE_44; 44 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 2.18. Enable/Disable of Output Signals I2C Control: In order to enable the output pins of the VPX to achieve the high impedance/tristate mode, various controls have been implemented. The following paragraphs give an overview of the different tristate modes of the output signals. It is valid for all output pins, except the XTAL2 (which is the oscillator output) and the VRT pin (which is an analog reference voltage). The tristate condition of groups of signals can also be controlled by setting the I2C-Register 0xF2. If the circuit is neither in EXTEST mode nor RESET state, then the I2C-Register 0xF2 defines whether the output is in tristate condition or not (see “I2C-Registers VPX Backend”). Output Enable Input OE: BS (Boundary Scan) Mode: The tristate control by the test access port TAP for boundary scan has the highest priority. Even if the TAPcontroller is in the EXTEST or CLAMP mode, the tristate behavior is only defined by the state of the different boundary scan registers for enable control. If the TAP controller is in HIGHZ mode, then all output pins are in tristate mode independently of the state of the different boundary scan registers for enable control. RESET State: The output enable signal OE only effects the video output ports. If the previous three conditions do not cause the output drivers to go into high impedance mode, then the OE signal defines the driving conditions of the video data ports. The OE pin function can be disabled via I2C register 0xF2 [oeq_dis]. The OE signal will either directly connect the output drivers or it will be latched internally with the LLC signal depending on I2C register 0xF2 [latoeq]. Additionally, a delay of 1 LLC clock cycle can be enabled with I2C register 0xF2 [oeqdel]. If the TAP-controller is not in the EXTEST mode, then the RESET-state defines the state of all digital outputs. The only exception is made for the data output of the boundary scan interface TDO. If the circuit is in reset condition (RES = 0), then all output interfaces are in tristate mode. Table 2–16: Output driver configuration EXTEST RESET I2C OE# Driver Stages active – – – Output driver stages are defined by the state of the different boundary scan enable registers. inactive active – – Output drivers are in high impedance mode. inactive inactive =0 – Output drivers are in high impedance mode. PIXCLK is working. inactive inactive =1 =0 Output drivers HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, are working. Outputs A[7:0] and B[7:0] are working inactive inactive =1 =1 Output drivers HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, are working. Output drivers of A[7:0] and B[7:0] are in high impedance mode. Remark: EXTEST mode is an instruction conforming to the standard for Boundary Scan Test IEEE 1149.1 – 1990 Micronas 45 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 3. Specification 0.9 ± 0.2 3.1. Outline Dimensions 1.1 x 45 ° 5 17 29 18 1.9 ±0.05 28 1.27 5 0.71 ± 0.05 17.52 ± 0.12 2 2 8.6 10 x 1.27 = 12.7 ± 0.1 39 1.6 16.5 ± 0.1 7 0.48 ± 0.06 40 15.7 ± 0.3 1 0.28 ± 0.04 6 10 x 1.27 = 12.7 ± 0.1 1.27 1.2 x 45° 4.05 ±0.1 17.52 ± 0.12 4.75 ±0.15 16.5 ± 0.1 0.1 Fig. 3–1: 44-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Package (PLCC44) Weight approximately 2.5 g Dimensions in mm SPGS0027-2(P44/K)/1E 10 x 0.8 = 8 ± 0.1 0.17 ± 0.06 34 1.75 12 44 1 11 1.75 0.8 10 ± 0.1 0.375 ± 0.075 13.2 ± 0.2 22 1.3 2.0 ± 0.1 13.2 ± 0.2 2.15 ± 0.2 Fig. 3–2: 44-Pin Plastic Metric Quad Flat Pack (PMQFP44) Weight approx. 0.4 g Dimensions in mm 46 0.8 23 10 x 0.8 = 8 ± 0.1 33 0.1 10 ± 0.1 SPGS0006-3(P44)/1E Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 3.2. Pin Connections and Short Descriptions NC = not connected; leave vacant LV = if not used, leave vacant X = obligatory Pin No. PLCC44 Pin Name Pin Type PMQFP44 Connection Short Description (if not used) 1 39 TDI IN NC Boundary-Scan-Test Data Input 2 38 TCK IN NC Boundary-Scan-Test Clock Input 3 37 TDO LLC2 DACT OUT NC Boundary-Scan-Test Data Output LLC / 2 = 13.5 MHz Output Active VBI Data Qualifier Output 4 36 HREF OUT NC Horizontal Reference Output 5 35 VREF OUT NC Vertical Reference Output 6 34 FIELD OUT NC Odd/Even Field Identifier Output 7 33 A7 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 8 32 A6 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 9 31 A5 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 10 30 A4 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 11 29 PVDD SUPPLY X Supply Voltage Pad Circuits 12 28 PIXCLK OUT NC Pixel Clock Output 13 27 PVSS SUPPLY X Ground, Pad Circuits 14 26 A3 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 15 25 A2 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 16 24 A1 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 17 23 A0 OUT NC Port A – Video Data Output 18 22 OE IN VSS Output Ports Enable Input 19 21 LLC OUT NC PIXCLK * 2 = 27 MHz Output 20 20 VACT OUT NC Active Video Qualifier Output 21 19 B7 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output 22 18 B6 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output 23 17 B5 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output 24 16 B4 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output 25 15 B3 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output 26 14 B2 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output 27 13 B1 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output 28 12 B0 OUT NC Port B – Video Data Output Micronas 47 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Pin Connections and Short Descriptions, continued Pin No. PLCC44 48 Pin Name Pin Type PMQFP44 Connection Short Description (if not used) 29 11 SDA IN/OUT NC I2C Bus Data 30 10 SCL IN/OUT NC I2C Bus Clock 31 9 RES IN X Reset Input 32 8 VSS SUPPLY X Ground, Digital Circuitry 33 7 VDD SUPPLY X Supply Voltage, Digital Circuitry 34 6 XTAL2 OSC OUT X Analog Crystal Output 35 5 XTAL1 OSC IN X Analog Crystal Input 36 4 AVDD SUPPLY X Supply Voltage, Analog Circuitry 37 3 CIN AIN NC Analog Chroma Input 38 2 AVSS SUPPLY X Ground, Analog Circuitry 39 1 VIN1 AIN NC Analog Video 1 Input 40 44 VIN2 AIN NC Analog Video 2 Input 41 43 VRT Reference X Reference Voltage Top, Video ADC 42 42 VIN3 AIN NC Analog Video 3 Input 43 41 ISGND SUPPLY X Signal Ground, Analog Video Inputs 44 40 TMS IN NC Boundary-Scan-Test Mode Select Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION 3.3. Pin Descriptions Pins 44, 1 – JTAG Input Pins, TMS, TDI (Fig. 3–6) Test Mode Select and Test Data Input signals of the JTAG Test Access Port (TAP). Both signals are inputs with a TTL compatible input specification. To comply with JTAG specification they use pull-ups at their input stage. The input stage of the TMS and TDI uses a TTL Schmitt Trigger. Pin 2 – JTAG Input Pin, TCK (Fig. 3–5) Clock signal of the Test-Access Port. It is used to synchronize all JTAG functions. When JTAG operations are not being performed, this pin should be driven to VSS. The input stage of the TCK uses a TTL Schmitt Trigger. Pin 3 – JTAG Output Pin, TDO, LLC2, DACT (Fig. 3–8) Data output for JTAG Test Access Port (TAP). Moreover if Test Access Port (TAP) is in Test-Logic-Reset State, this pin can be used as output pin of the LLC2 clock signal (I2C Reg. 0xF2 bit[4] = 1). Or it can be used as output pin for the active VBI-Data signal DACT (see section 2.14.). Pins 4 to 6 – Reference Signals, HREF, VREF, FIELD (Fig. 3–8) These signals are internally generated sync signals. The state of FIELD during the positive edge of RES selects the power up mode (see section 2.16.1.). Pins 7 to 10, 14 to 17 – Video, Port A[7:0] (Fig. 3–8) Video output port to deliver luma and/or chroma data. VPX 322xE Pins 21 to 28 – Video, Port B[7:0] (Fig. 3–8) Video output port to deliver chroma data. In 8-bit modes Port B can be activated as programmable output (see section 2.7.3.). Pin 29 – I2C Bus Data, SDA (Fig. 3–7) This pin connects to the I2C bus data line. Pin 30 – I2C Bus Clock, SCL (Fig. 3–7) This pin connects to the I2C bus clock line. Pin 31 – Reset Input, RES (Fig. 3–5) A low level on this pin resets the VPX 322xE. Pin 32 – Ground (Digital Circuitry), VSS Pin 33 – Supply Voltage (Digital Circuitry), VDD Pins 34, 35 – Crystal Input and Output, XTAL1, XTAL2 (Fig. 3–10) These pins are connected to a 20.25 MHz crystal oscillator which is digitally tuned by integrated shunt capacitances. An external clock can be fed into XTAL1. In this case, clock frequency adjustment must be switched off. Pin 36 – Supply Voltage (Analog Circuitry), AVDD Pin 37 – Chroma Input, CIN (Fig. 3–14, Fig. 3–13) This pin is connected to the S-VHS chroma signal. A resistive divider is used to bias the input signal to the middle of the converter input range. CIN can only be connected to the chroma (Video 2) A/D converter. The signal must be AC-coupled. Pin 11 – Supply Voltage (Pad Circuitry), PVDD Pin 38 – Ground (Analog Front-end), AVSS Pins 12, 19 – Pixel Clock, PIXCLK, LLC (Fig. 3–8) PIXCLK and LLC are the reference clock signals for the video data transmission ports A[7:0] and B[7:0]. Pin 13 – Ground (Pad Circuitry), PVSS Pin 18 – Output Enable Input Signal, OE (Fig. 3–5) The output enable input signal has TTL Schmitt Trigger input characteristic. It controls the tri-state condition of both video ports. The state during the positive edge of RES selects the I2C device address (see section 2.15.3.). Pins 20 – Video Qualifier Output, VACT (Fig. 3–8) This pin delivers a signal which qualifies active video samples. Micronas Pins 39, 40, 42 – Video Input 1–3, VIN1–3 (Fig. 3–12) These are the analog video inputs. A CVBS, S-VHS luma signal is converted using the luma (Video 1) A/D converter. The VIN1 input can also be switched to the chroma (Video 2) ADC. The input signal must be ACcoupled. Pin 41 – Reference Voltage Top, VRT (Fig. 3–11) Via this pin, the reference voltage for the A/D converters is decoupled. The pin is connected with 10 mF/47 nF to the Signal Ground Pin. Pin 43 – Ground (Analog Signal Input), ISGND This is the high-quality ground reference for the video input signals. 49 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 3.4. Pin Configuration TDI TCK TDO (LLC2, DACT) HREF VREF FIELD A7 A6 A5 A4 PVDD PIXCLK PVSS A3 A2 A1 A0 6 7 5 4 3 TMS ISGND VIN3 VRT VIN2 2 1 44 43 42 41 40 VIN1 AVSS CIN AVDD XTAL1 XTAL2 VDD VSS RES SCL SDA 39 38 8 9 37 VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E, VPX 3224E 10 11 12 36 35 34 33 13 Top View 14 32 15 31 16 30 29 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 OE LLC VACT B7 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B6 Fig. 3–3: 44-pin PLCC package. B5 TDI TCK TDO (DACT, LLC2) HREF VREF FIELD TMS ISGND VIN3 VRT VIN2 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 VIN1 AVSS CIN AVDD XTAL1 XTAL2 VDD VSS RES SCL SDA 1 33 2 32 3 4 5 6 VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E, VPX 3224E 7 31 30 29 28 27 Top View 8 26 9 25 10 24 11 23 A7 A6 A5 A4 PVDD PIXCLK PVSS A3 A2 A1 A0 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 OE LLC VACT B7 B6 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 Fig. 3–4: 44-pin PMQPF package 50 B5 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 3.5. Pin Circuits PVDD P OUT Pin VDD N PVSS Pin Fig. 3–8: A[7:0], B[7:0], HREF, VREF, LLC, PIXCLK, VACT, TDO VSS Fig. 3–5: TCK, OE, RES VDD PVDD VDD RES VSS PVDD Pin P VSS FIELD Pin Fig. 3–6: TMS, TDI N PVSS VDD Fig. 3–9: Reference Signal FIELD and wake-up selection LOWPOW on positve edge of RES Pin AVDD VSS XTAL2 P fECLK 0.5M Fig. 3–7: I2C Interface SDA, SCL XTAL1 N AVSS The characteristics of the Schmitt Triggers depend on the supply of VDD/VSS. Micronas Fig. 3–10: Crystal Oscillator 51 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION AVDD – BIAS AVDD VIN1 P + N VRT ADC Reference To ADC2 CIN AVSS N AVSS bias Fig. 3–11: Reference Voltage VRT Fig. 3–13: Video Inputs ADC2 AVDD VIN1 N VIN2 N VIN3 N clamping Fig. 3–12: Video Inputs ADC1 52 VRT To ADC1 AVSS VIN1, VIN2, VIN3, CIN off Fig. 3–14: Unselected Video Inputs Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4. Electrical Characteristics 4.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter TA Pin Name Min. Max. Unit Ambient Temperature 0 65 °C TS Storage Temperature –40 125 °C TJ Junction Temperature 0 125 °C VSUPA Supply Voltage, all Supply Inputs –0.3 6 V –0.3 4 V 935 mW PVSS – 0.5 PVDD + 0.51) V VSUPD PTOT MAX Power Dissipation due to package characterstics (PMQFP44) VDD, PVDD, AVDD Input Voltage of FIELD, TMS, TDI Input Voltage TCK PVSS – 0.5 6 V Input Voltage SDA, SCL VSS – 0.5 6 V Signal Swing A[7:0], B[7:0], PIXCLK, HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, TDO PVSS – 0.5 PVDD + 0.51) V 0.1 V Maximum D | VSS – PVSS | Maximum D | VSS – AVSS | Maximum D | PVSS – AVSS | 1) External voltage exceeding PVDD+0.5 V should not be applied to these pins even when they are tri-stated. Stresses beyond those listed in the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the “Recommended Operating Conditions/Characteristics” of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Micronas 53 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.2. Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit TA Ambient Operating Temperature – 0 – 65 °C VSUPA Analog Supply Voltage AVDD 4.75 5.0 5.25 V VSUPD Digital Supply Voltage VDD 3.15 3.3 3.45 V VSUPP Pad Supply Voltage PVDD 3.15 3.61) V fXTAL Clock Frequency XTAL1/2 20.250 MHz 1) could also be connected to the 5 V supply net; but for best performance, it is recommended to connect it to 3.3 V supply (see Section 7.5.) 4.2.1. Recommended Analog Video Input Conditions 54 Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit VVIN Analog Input Voltage VIN1, VIN2, VIN3, CIN 0 – 3.5 V CCP Input Coupling Capacitor Video Inputs VIN1, VIN2, VIN3 680 nF CCP Input Coupling Capacitor Chroma Input CIN 1 nF RPD Recommended Drive Impedance VIN1, VIN2, VIN3, CIN 75 100 W Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.2.2. Recommended I2C Conditions for Low Power Mode (see also section 4.3.5.) (Timing diagram see Fig. 5–3 on page 64) Symbol Parameter Pin Name VIMIL I2C-BUS Input Low Voltage VIMIH I2C-BUS Input High Voltage SCL, SDA fSCL I2C-BUS Frequency SCL tI2C1 I2C START Condition Setup Time tI2C2 I2C STOP Condition Setup Time SCL, SDA tI2C3 I2C-Clock Low Pulse Time tI2C4 I2C-Clock High Pulse Time tI2C5 I2C-Data Setup Time Before Rising Edge of Clock tI2C6 I2C-Data Hold Time after Falling Edge of Clock Min. Typ. Max. Unit 0.3 VDD 0.6 SCL SCL, SDA VDD 100 kHz 1200 ns 1200 ns 5000 ns 5000 ns 55 ns 55 ns 4.2.3. Recommended Digital Inputs Levels of RES, OE, TCK, TMS, TDI Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit VIL Input Voltage LOW RES, OE, TCK, TMS, TDI –0.5 0 0.8 V VIH Input Voltage HIGH RES, OE, TCK 2.0 VDD 6 V VIH Input Voltage HIGH TDI, TMS 2.0 PVDD PVDD + 0.3 V Micronas 55 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.2.4. Recommended Crystal Characteristics Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit TA Operating Ambient Temperature 0 – 65 °C fP Parallel Resonance Frequency with Load Capacitance CL = 13 pF – 20.250000 fundamental – MHz DfP/fP Accuracy of Adjustment – – ±20 ppm DfP/fP Frequency Temperature Drift – – ±30 ppm RR Series Resistance – – 25 W C0 Shunt Capacitance 3 – 7 pF C1 Motional Capacitance 20 – 30 fF – 4.7 – pF Load Capacitance Recommendation CLext External Load Capacitance1) from pins to Ground (PLCC44) (pin names: Xtal1 Xtal2) DCO Characteristics2) CICLoadmin Effective Load Capacitance @ min. DCO-Position, Code 0, package: PLCC44 CICLoadrng Effective Load Capacitance Range, DCO Codes from 0..255 4.3 8.7 12.7 pF 16.7 pF 1) Remarks on defining the External Load Capacitance: External capacitors at each crystal pin to ground are required. They are necessary to tune the effective load capacitance of the PCBs to the required load capacitance (CL) of the crystal. The higher the capacitors, the lower the clock frequency results. The nominal free running frequency should match fp = 20.25 MHz. Due to different layouts of customer PCBs, the matching capacitor size should be determined in the application. The suggested value is a figure based on experience with various PCB layouts. Tuning condition: Code DVCO Register = –720 2) Remarks on Pulling Range of DCO: The pulling range of the DCO is a function of the used crystal and effective load capacitance of the IC (CICLoad + CLoadBoard). The resulting frequency (fL) with an effective load capacitance of CLeff = CICLoad + CLoadBoard is 1 + 0.5 * [ C1 / (C0 + CL ) ] fL = fP * ––––––––––––––––––––––– 1 + 0.5 * [ C1 / (C0 + CLeff ) ] 3) Remarks on DCO Codes: The DCO hardware register has 8 bits; the FP control register uses a range of –2048...2047. 56 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.3. Characteristics at TA = 0 to 65 °C, VSUPA = 4.75 to 5.25 V, VSUPD = 3.15 to 3.5 V, f = 20.25 MHz for min./max. values at TC = 60 °C, VSUPA = 5 V, VSUPD = 3.3 V, f = 20.25 MHz for typical values 4.3.1. Current Consumption Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. IVSUPA Current Consumption AVDD 50 mA IVSUPD Current Consumption VDD 35 mA IVSUPP Current Consumption PVDD – Typ. Max. application dependent – [email protected] 75@5 V Unit mA PTOT Total Power Dissipation, normal operation condition AVDD, VDD, PVDD 0.420 W PTOT Total Power Dissipation, low power mode AVDD, VDD, PVDD 0.1 W 4.3.2. Characteristics, Reset Symbol Parameter Min. tRES MIN RES Low Pulse to initiate an internal reset tRES INT Internal Reset Hold Time Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions 50 ns xtal osc. is working 3.2 µs xtal osc. is working xtal osc. is working CLOAD (FIELD) < 50 pF Ileak < 10 mA Default Wake-up Selection (see timing diagram in section 5.1. on page 63) tRES MIN RES Low Pulse due to the time needed to discharge pin FIELD by the internal pulldown transistor for default selection (see schematic of fig. 3–9) 1 ms ts-WU Setup Time of pin FIELD and OE to posedge of RES 20 ns th-WU Hold Time of pin FIELD and OE to posedge of RES 20 ns IPD Pull-down current during RES = 0 at pin FIELD 75 mA RPU Recommended Pull-up resistor to enforce a logical 1 to pin FIELD 10 kW VFIELD = 3.3 V 4.3.3. XTAL Input Characteristics Symbol Parameter Min. VI Clock Input Voltage, XTAL1 1.3 tStartup1 Oscillator Startup Time at VDD Slew-rate of 1 V / 1 µs (see section 5.1. on page 63) tStartup2 Reset Hold Time after the Oscillator is active (see section 5.1. on page 63) kXTAL Duty Cycle Micronas Typ. 0.4 Max. 1.0 Unit Test Conditions VPP capacitive coupling of XTAL1, XTAL 2 remains open ms ms 5.0 50 % 57 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.3.4. Characteristics, Analog Front-End and ADCs Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions VVRT Reference Voltage Top VRT 2.5 2.61 2.72 V 10 mF/47 nF, 1 GW Probe RVIN Input Resistance 1 MW Code clamp – DAC=0 CVIN Input Capacitance VIN1, VIN2, VIN2 VIN3 VVIN Full Scale Input Voltage 1.86 1.93 2.0 VPP min. AGC Gain VVIN Full Scale Input Voltage 0.5 0.6 0.7 VPP max. AGC Gain AGC AGC step width 0.145 0.163 0.181 dB DNLAGC AGC Differential Non-Linearity ±0.5 LSB 6-bit resolution= 63 Steps fsig =1MHz i =1MHz, – 2 dBr of max. AGC Gain VVINCL Input Clamping Level, CVBS QCL Clamping DAC Resolution –16 ICL–LSB Input Clamping Current per step 0.7 DNLICL Clamping DAC Differential Non-Linearity CICL Clamping-Capacitance Luma – Path 5 pF 1.0 V Binary Level = 68 LSB min. AGC Gain 15 steps 1.3 mA 6 Bit – I–DAC, bipolar VVIN=1.5 =1 5 V ±0.5 LSB 680 – nF 2.0 2.6 kW 1 Coupling-Cap. @ Inputs Chroma – Path RCIN Input Resistance SVHS Chroma CIN VIN1 CVIN Input Capacitance CIN, VIN1 VCIN Full Scale Input Voltage, Chroma CIN VIN1 VCINDC Input Bias Level, SVHS Chroma 1.4 5 pF 1.08 1.14 1.2 VPP – 1.5 – V Binary Code for Open Chroma Input 128 Dynamic Characteristics for all Video-Paths (Luma + Chroma) BW Bandwidth XTALK Crosstalk, any two video inputs THD Total Harmonic Distortion SINAD Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio INL Integral Non-Linearity, ±1.3 DNL Differential Non-Linearity ±0.5 DG DP 58 VIN1 VIN2 VIN3 CIN 10 14 MHz –2 dBr input signal level –56 –48 dB 1 MHz, –2 dBr signal level –48 –45 dB 1 MHz, 5 harmonics, –2 dBr signal level dB 1 MHz, all outputs, –2 dBr signal level ±2.4 LSB Code Density, DC-ramp DC ramp ±0.85 LSB Differential Gain ±3 % Differential Phase 1.5 deg 42 46 –12 dBr, 4.4 MHz signal on DC-Ramp DC Ramp Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.3.5. Characteristics, Control Bus Interface (Timing diagram see Fig. 5–3 on page 64) Symbol Parameter Pin Name Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions VIMOL Output Low Voltage SDA, SCL – – 0.4 0.6 V V Il = 3 mA Il = 6 mA tIMOL1 I2C-Data Output Hold Time after Falling Edge of Clock SCL SDA 15 ns tIMOL2 I2C-Data Output Setup Time before Rising Edge of Clock SCL SDA 100 ns fSCL = 1 MHz, VDD = 5 V tF Signal Fall Time SDA, SCL – – 300 ns CL = 400 pF, RPU = 4.7 k fSCL Clock Frequency1) SCL 0 – 100 1000 kHz kHz low power mode normal operating condition 1) The maximum clock frequency of the I2C interface is limited to 100 kHz while the IC is working in the low power mode. 4.3.6. Characteristics, JTAG Interface (Test Access Port TAP) (Timing diagram see Fig. 5–5 on page 66) Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit FCYCL-TAP JTAG Cycle Time 100 ns FH-TAP TCK High Time 50 ns FL-TAP TCK Low Time 50 ns VRES-TAP Minimum supply voltage to initiate an internal reset of the JTAG-TAP generated by a voltage supply supervision circuit 3.0 V Test Conditions VDD pin Test Access Port (TAP), see timing diagram (Fig. 5–5 on page 66) tS-TAP TMS, TDI Setup Time 10 ns tH-TAP TMS, TDI Hold Time 10 ns tD-TAP TCK to TDO Propagation Delay for Valid Data 50 ns tON-TAP TDO Turn-on Delay 45 ns tOFF-TAP TDO Turn-off Delay 45 ns Boundary-Scan Test, Characteristics of all IO pins which are connected to the boundary scan register chain tS-PINS Input Signals Setup Time at CAPTURE-DR 10 ns tH-PINS Input Signals Hold Time at CAPTURE-DR 10 ns tD-PINS TCK to Output Signals, Delay for Valid Data 50 ns tON-PINS Turn-on Delay 20 ns tOFF-PINS Turn-off Delay 20 ns Micronas 59 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.3.7. Characteristics, Digital Inputs/Outputs Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions 5 8 pF –1 +1 mA VI = VSS VI ≤ VDD –55 +1 mA VI = VSS VI ≤ VDD 8 pF 0.6 V PVDD V Digital Input Pins TMS, TDI, TCK, RES, OE, SCL, SDA CIN Input Capacitance II Input Leakage Current Input Pins TCK, RES, OE, SCL, SDA II Input Leakage Current Input Pins with Pull-ups: TDI and TMS IPD Pull-down Current at Pin FIELD during RES = 0 for Default Selection –25 see section 4.3.2. Digital Output pins A[7:0], B[7:0], HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, PIXCLK, TDO CO High-Impedance Output Capacitance VOL Output Voltage LOW (all digital output pins except SDA, SCL) VOH Output Voltage HIGH (all digital output pins except SDA, SCL) IO Output Leakage Current 5 2.4 – –1 +1 mA mA while IC remains in low power mode VI = VSS VI ≤ VDD A special VDD, VSS supply is used only to support the digital output pins. This means, inherently, that in case of tri-state conditions, external sources should not drive these signals above the voltage PVDD which supplies the output pins. 4.3.8. Clock Signals PIXCLK, LLC, and LLC2 The following timing specifications refer to the timing diagrams of section 5.7.1. on page 67. 60 Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. tLLC LLC Cycle Time 37 ns FLLC LLC Duty Cycle FH / (FL + FH ) 50 % tLLC2 LLC2 Cycle Time 74 ns FLLC2 LLC2 Duty Cycle FH / (FL + FH ) 50 % tPIXCLK PIXCLK Cycle Time 74 ns FPIXCLK PIXCLK Duty Cycle FH / (FL + FH ) 50 % tHCLK1 Output Signal Hold Time for LLC2 tDCLK1 Propagation Delay for LLC2 tHCLK2 Output Signal Hold Time for PIXCLK tDCLK2 Propagation Delay for PIXCLK 0 Unit Test Conditions ns 10 10 ns ns 18 ns Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.3.9. Digital Video Interface Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions ns I2C Reg. h’AA –bit[6]=1 Data and Control Pins (LLC to A[7:0], B[7:0], HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT: The following timing specifications refer to the timing diagrams of section 5.7. on page 67. tOH Output Hold Time tPD Propagation Delay 20 35 ns New LLC output timing tOH Output Hold Time tPD Propagation Delay 8 ns 23 ns I2C Reg. h’AA –bit[6]=0 Output Enable by OE (For more information, see section 5.4. on page 65) tON Output Enable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 15 ns tOFF Output Disable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 15 ns tON1 Output Enable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 5 ns tOFF1 Output Disable OE of A[7:0], B[7:0] 5 ns OE input timing tSU input data set-up time 11 ns tHD input data hold time 3 ns 4.3.10. Characteristics, TTL Output Driver Output Pins A[7:0], B[7:0], PIXCLK, LLC, VACT, HREF, VREF, FIELD, TDO/LLC2 Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions tRA Rise Time 2 5 10 ns Cl = 30 pF, strength = 4 tFA Fall Time 2 5 10 ns Cl = 30 pF, strength = 4 IOH(0) Output High Current (strength = 0) –2.25 mA VOH = 0.6 V IOL(0) Output Low Current (strength = 0) 3.5 mA VOH = 2.4 V IOH(7) Output High Current (strength = 7) –18 mA VOH = 0.6 V IOL(7) Output Low Current (strength = 7) 28 mA VOH = 2.4 V Micronas 61 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 4.3.10.1. TTL Output Driver Description The driving capability/strength is controlled by the state of the two I2C registers F8hex and F9hex. A special PVDD, PVSS supply is used only to support the digital output pins. This means, inherently, that in case of tri-state conditions, external sources should not drive these signals above the voltage PVDD which supplies the output pins. Rise times are specified as a transition between 0.6 V to 2.4 V. Fall times are defined as a transition between 2.4 V to 0.6 V. strength = 7 strength w 6 strength w 5 strength w 4 strength w 3 strength w 2 strength w 1 strength w 0 Fig. 4–1: Block diagram of the output stages Note: The drivers of the output pads are implemented as a parallel connection of 8 tri-state buffers of the same size. The buffers are enabled depending on the desired driver strength. This opportunity offers the advantage of adapting the driver strength to on-chip and off-chip constraints, e.g. to minimize the noise resulting from steep signal transitions. 62 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 5. Timing Diagrams 5.1. Power-Up Sequence The reset should not reach high level before the oscillator has started. This requires a reset delay of >1 ms (see Fig.5–1). Supplies 95% Crystal Oscillator VIOH RES tSTARTUP1 tSTARTUP2 Fig. 5–1: Power-up sequence 5.2. Default Wake-up Selection The state of FIELD and OE pins are sampled at the high (inactive) going edge of RES in order to select between two power-on parameters. OE determines the I2C address. The FIELD pin is internally pulled down. An external pullup resistor defines a different power on configuration. FIELD defines the global wake-up mode of the VPX. With FIELD pulled down, the VPX goes into low power mode. tRES MIN VIOH RES VIOL VIOH FIELD OE ts-WU th-WU VIOL Fig. 5–2: Default wake-up selection Micronas 63 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 5.3. Control Bus Timing Diagram (Data: MSB first) FIM TI2C4 TI2C3 SCL TI2C1 TI2C5 TI2C6 TI2C2 SDA as input TIMOL2 TIMOL1 SDA as output Fig. 5–3: I2C bus timing diagram 64 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 5.4. Output Enable by Pin OE OE tOFF tON Signals A[7:0], B[7:0] Synchronizing the OE signal with clock LLC: controlled by I2C register ’OENA’ h’f2 bit[5] oeqdel = 1 OE tSU tSU tOFF1 tON1 latoeq = 0 Signals A[7:0], B[7:0] tOFF1 tON1 latoeq = 1 Signals A[7:0], B[7:0] Fig. 5–4: Drive Control by OE input Micronas 65 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 5.5. Timing of the Test Access Port TAP FCYCL FL–TAP FH-TAP TCK tS-TAP tH-TAP TDI, TMS tD-TAP tOFF-TAP tON-TAP TDO Fig. 5–5: Timing of Test Access Port TAP 5.6. Timing of all Pins connected to the Boundary-Scan-Register-Chain TCK tS-PINS tH-PINS Inputs tD-PINS tON-PINS tOFF-PINS Outputs Fig. 5–6: Timing with respect to input and output signals 66 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 5.7. Timing Diagram of the Digital Video Interface tLLC 2.4 V 1.5 V Clock Output LLC 0.6 V tPD tOH 2.4 V A[7:0], B[7:0] HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT 1.5 V 0.6 V Fig. 5–7: Video output interface (detailed timing) 5.7.1. Characteristics, Clock Signals tLLC 2.4 V 1.5 V LLC 0.6 V tRA tFA tDCLK1 tHCLK1 tDCLK1 tHCLK1 2.4 V 1.5 V LLC2 0.6 V tDCLK2 tHCLK2 tDCLK2 tHCLK2 2.4 V PIXCLK 1.5 V 0.6 V Fig. 5–8: Clocks: LLC, LLC2, PIXCLK (detailed timing) Micronas 67 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 6. Control and Status Registers The control register modes are The following tables give definitions for the VPX control and status registers. The number of bits indicated for each register in the table is the number of bits implemented in the hardware, i.e. a 9-bit register must always be accessed using two data bytes, but the 7 MSB will be “0” on write operations and don’t care on read operations. Write registers that can be read back are indicated in the mode column. –w –r – w/r –d –v write-only register read-only register write/read register register is double latched register is latched with vsync Default values are initialized at reset. The mnemonics used in the Micronas VPX demo software is given in the last column. 6.1. Overview I2C-Registers Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Group Name h’00 8 r Manufacture ID Chip Ident. JEDEC h’01 h’02 8 8 r 16-bit part number Chip Ident. PARTNUM h’03 8 r JEDEC2 Chip Ident. JEDEC2 h’35 8 r FP status FP Interface FPSTA h’36 16 w FP read FP Interface FPRD h’37 16 w FP write FP Interface FPWR h’38 16 w/r FP data FP Interface FPDAT h’AA 8 w/r Low power mode, LLC mode Output llc h’AB 8 r read status of Port B Output bstatus h’B3 8 r soft error counter Byte Slicer softerrcnt h’B4 8 r sync status Sync Slicer sync_stat h’B5 8 r hsync counter Sync Slicer sync_cnt h’B6 8 r read filter coefficient Bit Slicer coeff_rd h’B7 8 r read data slicer level Bit Slicer level_rd h’B8 h’B9 h’BA 8 8 8 w w w clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask high clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask mid clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask low Byte Slicer mask h’BB h’BC h’BD 8 8 8 w w w clock run-in and framing code reference high clock run-in and framing code reference mid clock run-in and framing code reference low Byte Slicer reference h’C0 8 w soft slicer level Bit Slicer soft_slicer h’C1 h’C2 8 8 w w ttx bitslicer frequency LSB ttx bitslicer frequency MSB Bit Slicer ttx_freq h’C5 8 w filter coefficient Bit Slicer coeff h’C6 8 w data slicer level Bit Slicer data_slicer h’C7 8 w accumulator mode Bit Slicer accu h’C8 8 w sync slicer level Sync Slicer sync_slicer h’C9 8 w standard Byte Slicer standard h’CE 8 w bit error tolerance Byte Slicer tolerance h’CF 8 w byte count Byte Slicer byte_cnt h’F2 8 w/r Output Enable Output oena h’F8 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Type A Output driver_a 68 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Group Name h’F9 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Type B Output driver_b h’12 12 w/r general purpose control Status gp_ctrl h’13 12 r standard recognition status Status asr h’15 12 r vertical field counter Status vcnt h’20 12 w/r Standard select Stand. Sel. sdt h’21 12 w/r Input select Stand. Sel. insel h’22 12 w/r start point of active video Stand. Sel. sfif h’23 12 w/r luma/chroma delay adjust Stand. Sel. ldly h’28 12 w/r Comb filter control register Comb Filter comb_uc h’30 12 w/r Saturation control Color Proc. acc_sat h’36 12 r measured burst amplitude Status bampl h’39 12 w/r amplitude killer level Color Proc. kilvl h’3A 12 w/r amplitude killer hysteresis Color Proc. kilhy h’74 12 r measured sync amplitude value Status sampl h’CB 12 r number of lines per field, P/S: 312, N: 262 Status nlpf h’DC 12 w/r NTSC tint angle, $512 = $π/4 Color Proc. tint h’F0 12 r software version number Status version h’F7 12 w/r crystal oscillator line-locked mode, DVCO xlck h’F8 12 w/r crystal oscillator center frequency adjust DVCO dvco h’F9 12 r crystal oscillator center frequency adjustment value DVCO adjust h’10F 12 r Delay of VACT relative to HREF during window 1 ReadTab1 vact_dly1 h’11F 12 r Delay of VACT relative to HREF during window 2 ReadTab2 vact_dly2 h’120 12 w/r Vertical Begin WinLoadTab1 vbegin1 h’121 12 w/r Vertical Lines In / Temporal Decimation / Field Select WinLoadTab1 vlinesin1 h’122 12 w/r Vertical Lines Out WinLoadTab1 vlinesout1 h’123 12 w/r Horizontal Begin WinLoadTab1 hbeg1 h’124 12 w/r Horizontal Length WinLoadTab1 hlen1 h’125 12 w/r Number of Pixels WinLoadTab1 npix1 h’126 12 w/r Selection for peaking / coring WinLoadTab1 peaking1 h’127 12 w/r Brightness WinLoadTab1 brightness1 h’128 12 w/r Contrast / Noise shaping / Clamping WinLoadTab1 contrast1 h’12A 12 w/r Vertical Begin WinLoadTab2 vbegin2 h’12B 12 w/r Vertical Lines In WinLoadTab2 vlinesin2 h’12C 12 w/r Vertical Lines Out WinLoadTab2 vlinesout2 h’12D 12 w/r Horizontal Begin WinLoadTab2 hbeg2 h’12E 12 w/r Horizontal Length WinLoadTab2 hlen2 h’12F 12 w/r Number of Pixels WinLoadTab2 npix2 h’130 12 w/r Selection for peaking / coring WinLoadTab2 peaking2 h’131 12 w/r Brightness WinLoadTab2 brightness2 h’132 12 w/r Contrast WinLoadTab2 contrast2 h’134 12 w/r Start line even field VBI-window start_even Micronas 69 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Group Name h’135 12 w/r End line even field VBI-window end_even h’136 12 w/r Start line odd field VBI-window start_odd h’137 12 w/r End line odd field VBI-window end_odd h’138 12 w/r Control VBI-Window VBI-window vbicontrol h’139 12 w/r Slicer Data Size VBI-window slsize h’140 12 w/r Register for control and latching ControlWord h’141 12 r Internal status register, do not overwrite InfoWord h’150 12 w/r Format Selection / Shuffler / PIXCLK-mode Formatter format_sel h’151 12 w/r Start position of the programmable ‘video active’ HVREF pval_start h’152 12 w/r End position of the programmable ‘video active’ HVREF pval_stop h’153 12 w/r Length and polarity of HREF, VREF, FIELD HVREF refsig h’154 12 w/r Output Multiplexer / Multi-purpose output Output Mux. outmux h’157 12 w/r Number of frames to output within 3000 frames Temp. Decim. tdecframes h’158 12 w/r Enable automatic standard recognition ASR asr_enable h’15e 12 w/r Status of automatic standard recognition ASR asr_status h’170 12 r Status of macrovision detection Macrovision mcv_status h’171 12 w first line of macrovision detection window Macrovision mcv_start h’172 12 w last line of macrovision detection window Macrovision mcv_stop 70 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 6.1.1. Description of I2C Control and Status Registers Table 6–1: I2C-Registers VPX Front-End I2C-Registers VPX Front-End Address Hex Number of bits Mode Function Default Name FP Interface h’35 h’36 h’37 h’38 8 16 16 16 r w w w/r FP status bit[0] bit[1] bit[2] write request read request busy FPSTA FP read bit[8:0] bit[11:9] 9-bit FP read address reserved, set to zero FP write bit[8:0] bit[11:9] 9-bit FP write address reserved, set to zero FPRD FPWR FP data bit[11:0] FPDAT FP data register, reading/writing to this register will autoincrement the FP read/ write address. Only 16 bit of data are transferred per I2C telegram. Table 6–2: I2C-Registers VPX Back-End I2C-Registers VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Chip Identification h’00 8 r Manufacture ID in accordance with JEDEC Solid State Products Engineering Council, Washington DC Micronas Code EChex JEDEC h’01 h’02 8 8 r r 16 bit part number (01: LSBs, 02: MSBs) VPX 3226E 3350hex; VPX 3225E 3352hex VPX 3224E 3353hex PARTNUM partlow parthigh h’03 8 r JEDEC2 JEDEC2 bit[0] : IFIELD bit[7:1] : reserved (must be treated don’t care) ifield Output h’F8 Micronas 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Typ A DRIVER_A bit[2:0] : Driver strength of Port A[7:0] stra1 bit[5:3] : Driver strength of PIXCLK, LLC, and VACT stra2 bit[7:6] : additional PIXCLK driver strength strength = bit[5:3] | {bit[7:6], 0} stra3 71 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C-Registers VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function h’F9 8 w/r Pad Driver Strength – TTL Output Pads Typ B DRIVER_B bit[2:0] : Driver strength of Port B[7:0] strb1 bit[5:3] : Driver strength of HREF, VREF, FIELD, and LLC2 strb2 bit[7:6] : reserved (must be set to zero) h’F2 h’AA 8 8 w/r w/r Default Output Enable 1 0 Enable Video Port A Disable / High Impedance Mode aen bit[1] : 1 0 Enable Video Port B Disable / High Impedance Mode ben bit[2] : 1 0 Enable Pixclk Output Disable / High Impedance Mode clken bit[3] : 1 0 Enable HREF, VREF, FIELD, VACT, LLC, LLC2 Disable / High Impedance Mode zen bit[4] 1 llc2en 0 Enable LLC2 to TDO pin (if JTAG interface is in Test-Logic-Reset State) Disable LLC2 bit[5] : 1 0 no delay of OEQ input signal 1 LLC cycle delay of OEQ input signal (if bit [6] = 1) oeqdel bit[6] : 1 0 latch OEQ input signal with rising edge of LLC don’t latch OE input signal latoeq bit[7] : 1 disable OE pin function oeq_dis Low power mode, LLC mode LLC bit[1:0] : Low power mode active mode, outputs enabled outputs tri-stated; clock divided by 2, I2C full speed outputs tri-stated; clock divided by 4, I2C full speed outputs tri-stated; clock divided by 8, I2C < 100 kbit/s lowpow I2C reset iresen connect LLC2 to TDO pin connect bit[4] to TDO pin llc2 bit[4] : if bit[3] then bit[4] defines LLC2 polarity else bit[4] is connected to TDO pin llc2_pol bit[5] : switch-off slicer (if slowpow = 1 then all slicer registers are reset). slowpow use old llc timing with long hold time use new llc timing with shorter hold time oldllc bit[2] : bit[3] : bit[6] : bit[7] : 72 8 r OENA bit[0] : 00 01 10 11 h’AB Name 1 0 1 0 reserved (must be set to zero) bit[7:0] : status of Port B bstatus Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 6–3: I2C-Registers VPX Slicer I2C-Registers VPX Slicer Address Hex Number of bits Mode Function Default Name 64 sync_slicer sync_level 0 vsw Sync Slicer (of Data Slicer only) h’C8 h’B4 h’B5 8 8 8 w r r sync slicer bit[6:0] : binary sync slicer level is compared with binary data (0 ≤ data ≤ 127) bit[7] : 0 vertical sync window enable 1 vertical sync window disable sync status bit[5:0] : reserved (must be read don’t care) bit[6] : 0 vert. window reset at line 624/524 (PAL/NTSC) 1 vert. retrace set at line 628/528 (PAL/NTSC) bit[7] : 0 field 2 reset at line 313/263 (PAL/NTSC) 1 field 1 set at line 624/524 (PAL/NTSC) sync_stat hsync counter bit[7:0] : number of detected horizontal sync pulses per frame / 4 sync is detected within horizontal window of HPLL counter is latched with vertical sync the register can be read at any time sync_cnt vwin field Bit Slicer h’C0 h’C1 h’C2 h’C5 h’C6 Micronas 8 8 8 8 8 w w w w w soft slicer bit[6:0] : binary soft slicer level is compared with ABS[data] (–128 ≤ data ≤ +127) bit[7] : reserved (must be set to zero) ttx bitslicer frequency LSB ttx bitslicer frequency MSB bit[10:0] : Freq = 211 * bitfreq / 20.25MHz = 702 for WST PAL = 579 for WST NTSC or NABTS = 506 for VPS or WSS = 102 for CAPTION = 627 for Antiope = 183 for Time Code bit[11] : 0 phase inc = Freq 1 phase inc = Freq*(1+1/8) before framing code phase inc = Freq*(1+1/16) after framing code bit[15:12] : reserved (must be set to zero) filter coefficient bit[5:0] : high pass filter coefficient in 2’s complement 100000 = not allowed 100001 = -31 000000 = 0 011111 = +31 bit[7:6] : reserved (must be set to zero) data slicer bit[7:0] : binary data slicer level is compared with ABS[data] (–128 ≤ data ≤ +127) 16 soft_slicer soft_level 702 ttx_freql ttx_freqh ttx_freq 1 ttx_phinc 0 7 filter coeff 64 data_slicer data_level 73 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION I2C-Registers VPX Slicer Address Hex Number of bits Mode Function h’C7 8 w accumulator mode bit[0] : 0 1 bit[1] : 0 1 bit[2] : 0 1 bit[3] : bit[4] : bit[5] : bit[7:6] : no action reset DC and AC and FLT accu (one shot) DC accu enable DC accu disable AC and FLT accu enable AC and FLT accu disable (only for VPS and CAPTION and WSS line) 0 soft error correction enable 1 soft error correction disable 0 ac adaption disable 1 ac adaption enable 0 flt adaption disable 1 flt adaption enable reserved (must be set to zero) Default Name 0 accu reset 0 dcen 1 acen 0 soften 1 acaden 1 fltaden h’B6 8 r read filter coefficient coeff_rd h’B7 8 r read data slicer level level_rd Byte Slicer h’B3 8 r soft error counter bit[7:0] : counts number of soft error corrected bytes counter stops at 255 reset after read h’C9 8 w standard bit[0] : bit[1] : bit[2] : bit[3] : bit[4] : bit[5] : bit[6] : bit[7] : 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 TTX disable TTX enable PAL mode NTSC mode full field disable full field enable VPS line 16 disable VPS line 16 enable WSS line 23 disable WSS line 23 enable CAPTION line 21 field 1 disable CAPTION line 21 field 1 enable CAPTION line 21 field 2 disable CAPTION line 21 field 2 enable horizontal quit signal enable horizontal quit signal disable soft_cnt 1 standard ttx 0 ntsc 0 full 1 vps 1 wss 0 caption1 0 caption2 0 disquit h’BD h’BC h’BB 8 8 8 w w w clock run-in and framing code reference low clock run-in and framing code reference mid clock run-in and framing code reference high bit[23:0] : clock run-in and framing code reference (LSB corresponds to first transmitted bit) h’55 h’55 h’27 reference h’BA h’B9 h’B8 8 8 8 w w w clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask low clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask mid clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask high bit[23:0] : clock run-in and framing code don’t care mask (LSB corresponds to first transmitted bit) h’00 h’00 h’00 mask h’CE 8 w bit error tolerance bit[1:0] : maximum number of bit errors in low mask bit[3:2] : maximum number of bit errors in mid mask bit[5:4] : maximum number of bit errors in high mask bit[7:6] : reserved (must be set to zero) h’CF 74 8 w output mode bit[5:0] : number of data bytes per text line including framing code bit[6] : 0 64 byte mode disable 1 64 byte mode enable bit[7] : 0 data output only for text lines 1 data output for every video line tolerance 1 1 1 43 1 out_mode byte_cnt fill64 0 dump Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 6.1.2. Description of FP Control and Status Registers Table 6–4: FP-RAM VPX Front-End FP-RAM VPX Front-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Standard Selection h’20 12 w/r Standard select: bit[2:0] standard 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 bit[3] 0/1 bit[4] bit[5] bit[6] 1 sdt pal ntsc secam ntsc44 palm paln pal60 ntscc sdtmod PAL B,G,H,I (50 Hz) 4.433618 NTSC M (60 Hz) 3.579545 SECAM (50 Hz) 4.286 NTSC44 (60 Hz) 4.433618 PAL M (60 Hz) 3.575611 PAL N (50 Hz) 3.582056 PAL 60 (60 Hz) 4.433618 NTSC COMB (60 Hz) 3.579545 MOD standard modifier PAL modified to simple PAL NTSC modified to compensated NTSC SECAM modified to monochrome 625 NTSCC modified to monochrome 525 reserved; must be set to zero 4H Comb mode 0/1 S-VHS mode off/on comb svhs Option bits allow to suppress parts of the initialization: h’158 12 w/r sdtopt bit[7] bit[8] bit[9] bit[10] no hpll setup no vertical setup no acc setup reserved, set to zero bit[11] status bit, write 0. After the FP has switched to a new standard, this bit is set to 1 to indicate operation complete. Enable automatic standard recognition bit[0] 0/1 PAL B,G,H,I bit[1] 0/1 NTSC M bit[2] 0/1 SECAM bit[3] 0/1 NTSC44 bit[4] 0/1 PAL M bit[5] 0/1 PAL N bit[6] 0/1 PAL 60 (50 Hz) (60 Hz) (50 Hz) (60 Hz) (60 Hz) (50 Hz) (60 Hz) 0 asr_enable 0 asr_status vwinerr 4.433618 3.579545 4.286 4.433618 3.575611 3.582056 4.433618 0: disable recognition; 1: enable recognition Note: For correct operation, do not change FP registers 20h and 21h while ASR is enabled. h’15e 12 r Status of automatic standard recognition bit[0] 1 error of the vertical standard (neither 50 nor 60 Hz) bit[1] 1 detected standard is disabled bit[2] 1 search active bit[3] 1 search terminated, but failed bit[4] 1 no color found bit[4:0] 00000 00001 00010 0x1x0 01x00 01x10 10x00 Micronas disabled busy failed no color all ok search not started, because vwin error detected (no input or SECAM L) search not started because vertical standard not enabled search started and still active search failed (found standard not correct) search failed (detected standard not enabled) no color found (monochrome input signal or switch between CVBS ↔ SVHS necessary) 75 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Front-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function h’21 12 w/r Input select: Writing to this register will also initialize the standard. bit[1:0] luma selector 00 VIN3 01 VIN2 10 VIN1 11 reserved chroma selector 0/1 VIN1/CIN IF compensation 00 off 01 6 dB/Okt 10 12 dB/Okt 11 10 dB/MHz only for SECAM chroma bandwidth selector 00 narrow 01 normal 10 broad 11 wide 0/1 adaptive/fixed SECAM notch filter 0/1 enable luma lowpass filter hpll speed 00 no change 01 terrestrial 10 vcr 11 mixed status bit, write 0; This bit is set to 1 to indicate operation complete. bit[2] bit[4:3] bit[6:5] bit[7] bit[8] bit[10:9] bit[11] Default Name insel 00 vis 1 cis 00 ifc 10 cbw 0 0 3 fntch lowp hpllmd h’22 12 w/r picture start position, This register sets the start point of active video. This can be used e.g. for panning. The setting is updated when ’sdt’ register is updated 0 sfif h’23 12 w/r luma/chroma delay adjust, The setting is updated when ’sdt’ register is updated bit[5:0] reserved, set to zero bit[11:6] luma delay in clocks, allowed range is +1 ... –7 0 ldly comb filter control register bit[1:0] notch filter select 00 flat frequency characteristic 01 min. peaked 10 med. peaked 11 max. peaked bit[3:2] diagonal dot reduction 00 min. reduction 11 max. reduction bit[4:5] horizontal difference gain 00 min. gain 11 max. gain bit[7:6] vertical difference gain 00 max. gain 11 min. gain bit[11:8] vertical peaking gain 0 no vertical peaking 15 max. vertical peaking h’e7 3 comb_uc nosel 1 ddr 2 hdg 3 vdg 0 vpk comb filter test register bit[1:0] reserved, set ot 0 bit[2] 0/1 disable/enable vertical peaking DC rejection filter bit[3] 0/1 disable/enable vertical peaking coring bit[11:4] reserved, set to 0 0 misc_cmb_tst Comb Filter h’28 h’55 76 12 12 w/r w/r dcr cor Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Front-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Color Processing h’30 12 w/r Saturation control bit[11:0] 0..4094 (2070 corresponds to 100% saturation) 4095 disabled (test mode only) 2070 acc_sat h’39 12 w/r amplitude killer level (0: killer disabled) 30 kilvl h’3A 12 w/r amplitude killer hysteresis 10 kilhy h’DC 12 w/r NTSC tint angle, $512 = $π/4 0 tint –720 dvco DVCO h’F8 12 w/r crystal oscillator center frequency adjust, –2048 ... 2047 h’F9 12 r crystal oscillator center frequency adjustment value for line-locked mode, true adjust value is DVCO – ADJUST. For factory crystal alignment, using standard video signal: set DVCO = 0, set lock mode, read crystal offset from ADJUST register and use negative value for initial center frequency adjustment via DVCO. h’F7 12 w/r crystal oscillator line-locked mode, lock command/status write: 100 enable lock 0 disable lock read: 4095/0 locked/unlocked 0 xlck h’b5 12 w crystal oscillator line-locked mode, autolock feature. If autolock is enabled, crystal oscillator locking is started automatically. bit[11:0] threshold (0: autolock off) 400 autolock adjust FP Status Register h’12 12 w/r general purpose control bits bit[2:0] reserved, do not change bit[3] vertical standard force bit[8:4] reserved, do not change bit[9] disable flywheel interlace bit[11:10] reserved, do not change gp_ctrl 0 vfrc 1 dflw to enable vertical free run mode set vfrc=1 and dflw=0 h’13 12 r automatic standard recognition status bit[0] 1 vertical lock bit[1] 1 horizontally locked bit[2] 1 no signal detected bit[3] 1 color amplitude killer active bit[4] 1 disable amplitude killer bit[5] 1 color ident killer active bit[6] 1 disable ident killer bit[7] 1 interlace detected bit[8] 1 no vertical sync detection bit[9] 1 spurious vertical sync detection bit[11:10] reserved asr h’CB 12 r number of lines per field, P/S: 312, N: 262 nlpf h’15 12 w/r vertical field counter, incremented per field vcnt h’74 12 r measured sync amplitude value, nominal: 768 sampl h’36 12 r measured burst amplitude bampl h’F0 12 r software version number bit[7:0] internal software revision number bit[11:8] software release Micronas 77 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Front-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Macrovision Detection h’170 12 r Status of macrovision detection bit[0]: AGC pulse detected bit[1]: pseudo sync detected mcv_status h’171 12 w/r first line of macrovision detection window 6 mcv_start h’172 12 w/r last line of macrovision detection window 15 mcv_stop 78 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION Table 6–5: FP-RAM VPX Back-End FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Read Table for Window #1 h’10f 12 r Position of VACT bit[11:1]: Delay of VACT relative to the trailing edge of HREF vact_delay1 Load Table for Window #1 (WinLoadTab1) h’120 h’121 12 12 w/r w/r Vertical Begin bit[8:0]: Vertical Begin (first active video line within a field) min. line number for 625/50 standards: 7 min. line number for 525/60 standards: 10 max. line number: determined by current TV line standard bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero) Vertical Lines In 12 vbeg1 0 bit[8:0]: Number of input lines determines the range between the first and the last active video line within a field; vbeg + vlinei should not exceed the max. number of lines determined by the current line standard (exceeding values will be corrected automatically) vlinei1 bit[9]: enable temporal decimation (0: off, 1: on) with temporal decimation enabled, only the number of frames selected in register h’157 (tdecframes) will be output within an interval of 3000 frames tdec1 bit[11:10]: field disable flags 11 Window disabled 10 Window enabled in ODD fields only 01 Window enabled in EVEN fields only 00 Window enabled in both fields h’122 h’123 h’124 h’125 Micronas 12 12 12 12 w/r w/r w/r w/r Vertical Lines Out bit[8:0]: Number of output lines vlineout cannot be greater than vlinein (no interpolation); for vlineout < vlinein vertical compression via line dropping is applied bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero) Horizontal Begin bit[10:0]: Horizontal start of window after scaling (relative to npix) hbeg > 0 enables cropping on the left side of the window bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Horizontal Length bit[10:0]: Horizontal length of window after scaling (relative to npix) hbeg + hlen cannot exceed npix bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Number of Pixels bit[10:0]: Number of active pixels for the full active line (after scaling) npix must be an even value within the range 32 ... 864 bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) 0 vlineo1 0 hbeg1 704 hlen1 704 npix1 79 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name h’126 12 w/r Selection for peaking/coring 0 peaking1 h’127 h’128 12 12 w/r w/r bit[1:0]: coring subtracts LSBs of the higher frequency part of the video signal 00: subtract 0 LSBs 01: subtract 1/2 LSB 10: subtract 1 LSB 11: subtract 2 LSBs bit[4:2]: peaking an implemented peaking filter supports sharpness control with up to eight steps: 000: no peaking 001: low peaking 111: high peaking bit[5]: Bypass Lowpass bit[6]: Bypass Skewfilter bit[7]: Bypass Skewfilter VACT bit[8]: Swapping of Chroma values 0 Cb-Pixels first 1 Cr-Pixels first bit[10:9]: Peaking frequency 00 low frequency 01 middle frequency 10 high frequency bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Brightness 0 bit[7:0]: Brightness Level offset value added to the video samples brightness can be selected in 256 steps within the range –128 ... 127 (2’s complement): 128: –128 127: 127 bit[10:8]: reserved (must be set to zero) bit[11]: Limit Luminance data to ≥16 Contrast brightness1 lim16_1 32 contrast1 bit[5:0]: Contrast Level linear scale factor for luminance (default = 1.0) [5] integer part [4:0] fractional part contr1 bit[7:6]: Noise Shaping Control for 10-bit to 8-bit conversion (default: rounding) 00: 9-bit to 8-bit via 1-bit rounding 01: 9-bit to 8-bit via truncation 10: 9-bit to 8-bit via 1-bit accumulation 11: 10-bit to 8-bit via 2-bit accumulation noise1 bit[8]: 80 01 Contrast Brightness: Clamping Level 0 clamping level = 32, 1 clamping level = 16 (should normally be set to 1) clamp1 bit[9]: Bypass Brightness Adder bribyp1 bit[10]: Bypass Contrast Multiplier conbyp1 bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Read Table for Window #2 h’11f 12 r Position of VACT bit[11:1]: Delay of VACT relative to the trailing edge of HREF vact_delay2 Load Table for Window #2 (WinLoadTab2) h’12A h’12B 12 12 w/r w/r Vertical Begin bit[8:0]: Vertical Begin (first active video line within a field) min. line number for 625/50 standards: 7 min. line number for 525/60 standards: 10 max. line number: determined by current TV line standard bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero) Vertical Lines In 17 vbeg2 500 bit[8:0]: Number of input lines determines the range between the first and the last active video line within a field; vbeg + vlinei should not exceed the max. number of lines determined by the current line standard (exceeding values will be corrected automatically) vlinei2 bit[9]: enable temporal decimation (0: off, 1: on) with temporal decimation enabled, only the number of frames selected in register h’157 (tdecframes) will be output within an interval of 3000 frames tdec2 bit[11:10]: field disable flags 11: Window disabled 10: Window enabled in ODD fields only 01: Window enabled in EVEN fields only 00: Window enabled in both fields h’12C h’12D h’12E h’12F Micronas 12 12 12 12 w/r w/r w/r w/r Vertical Lines Out bit[8:0]: Number of output lines vlineout cannot be greater than vlinein (no interpolation); for vlineout < vlinein vertical compression via line dropping is applied bit[11:9]: reserved (must be set to zero) Horizontal Begin bit[10:0]: Horizontal start of window after scaling (relative to npix) hbeg > 0 enables cropping on the left side of the window bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Horizontal Length bit[10:0]: Horizontal length of window after scaling (relative to npix) hbeg + hlen can not exceed npix bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Number of Pixels bit[10:0]: Number of active pixels for the full active line (after scaling) npix must be an even value within the range 32 ... 864 bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) 240 vlineo2 0 hbeg2 640 hlen2 640 npix2 81 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name h’130 12 w/r Selection for peaking/coring 0 peaking2 h’131 h’132 12 12 w/r w/r bit[1:0]: coring subtracts LSBs of the higher frequency part of the video signal 00: subtract 0 LSBs 01: subtract 1/2 LSB 10: subtract 1 LSB 11: subtract 2 LSBs bit[4:2]: peaking an implemented peaking filter supports sharpness control with up to eight steps: 000: no peaking 001: low peaking 111: high peaking bit[5]: Bypass Lowpass bit[6]: Bypass Skewfilter bit[7]: Bypass Skewfilter VACT bit[8]: Swapping of Chroma values 0 Cb-Pixels first 1 Cr-Pixels first bit[10:9]: Peaking frequency 00 low frequency 01 middle frequency 10 high frequency bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Brightness 0 bit[7:0]: Brightness Level offset value added to the video samples brightness can be selected in 256 steps within the range –128 ... 127 (2’s complement): 128: –128 127: 127 bit[10:8]: reserved (must be set to zero) bit[11]: Limit Luminance data to ≥16 Contrast brightness2 lim16_2 32 contrast2 bit[5:0]: Contrast Level linear scale factor for luminance (default = 1.0) [5] integer part [4:0] fractional part contr1 bit[7:6]: Noise Shaping Control for 10-bit to 8-bit conversion (default: rounding) 00: 9-bit to 8-bit via 1-bit rounding 01: 9-bit to 8-bit via truncation 10: 9-bit to 8-bit via 1-bit accumulation 11: 10-bit to 8-bit via 2-bit accumulation noise1 bit[8]: 82 01 Contrast Brightness: Clamping Level 0 clamping level = 32, 1 clamping level = 16 (should normally be set to 1) clamp1 bit[9]: Bypass Brightness Adder bribyp1 bit[10]: Bypass Contrast Multiplier conbyp1 bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Load Table for VBI-Window h’134 12 w/r Start line even field determines the first line of the VBI-window within even fields (note that lines are counted relative to the whole frame!) 272 start_even h’135 12 w/r End line even field determines the last line of the VBI-window within even fields (note that lines are counted relative to the whole frame!) 283 end_even h’136 12 w/r Start line odd field determines the first line of the VBI-window within odd fields 10 start_odd h’137 12 w/r End line odd field determines the last line of the VBI-window within odd fields 21 end_odd h’138 12 w/r Control VBI-Window 0 vbicontrol h’139 Micronas 12 w/r bit[0]: VBI-window enable the selected VBI-window is activated only if this flag is set 0: disable 1: enable vbien bit[1]: VBI mode two modes for the output of VBI-data are supported 0: raw data 1140 samples of the video input are given directly to the output 1: sliced data sliced teletext data (in a package of 64 bytes) vbimode bit[2]: vertical identification the valid VBI-lines defined by the VBI-window can either be marked as active or as blanked lines 0: active lines during VBI-window (VACT enabled) 1: blanked lines during VBI-window (VACT suppressed) vbiident bit[11]: update the settings for the VBI-window (settings will only be updated if this latch flag is set!) vbilatch Slicer Data Size (0 corresponds to default value 64) 0 slsize 83 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Control Word h’140 12 w/r Register for control and latching ControlWord bit[0]: reserved bit[1]: Sync timing mode 0 Open mode horizontal and vertical sync are tracking the input signal 1 Scan mode horizontal and vertical sync are free running 0 settm bit[2]: Mode for VACT reference signal 0 length of VACT corresponds to the size of the current window 1 programmable length of VACT (for the whole field!) 0 vactmode bit[4:3]: reserved (must be set to zero) 0 bit[5]: Latch Window #1 1 latch (reset automatically) 1 latwin1 bit[6]: Latch Window #2 1 latch (reset automatically) 1 latwin2 bit[7]: Disable VACT generally 0 VACT enabled 1 VACT suppressed generally 0 disvact bit[8]: Odd/Even filter suppress 0 filter enabled (o/e forced only when the field type of the input signal toggles) 1 filter disabled (o/e always synchronous to the field type of the input signal) 0 disoef bit[9]: reserved (must be set to zero) 0 bit[10]: Latch value for temporal decimation The number of frames for the temporal decimation is updated only if this flag is set 1 latch (reset automatically) 1 lattdec bit[11]: Latch Timing Modes Selection of the timing mode is updated only if this flag is set 1 latch (reset automatically) 1 lattm Info Word h’141 84 12 r Internal status register, do not overwrite This register can be used to query the current internal state due to the settings in the control word. InfoWord bit[0]: reserved acttm bit[1]: Sync timing mode 0: Open 1: Scan acttm bit[2]: Mode for VACT reference signal 0 current window size 1 programmable size actvact bit[11:3]: reserved Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name Formatter h’150 Micronas 12 w/r Format Selection format_sel bit[1:0]: Format Selector 00: YCbCr 4:2:2, ITU-R601 01: YCbCr 4:2:2, ITU-R656 10: YCbCr 4:2:2, BStream 0 format bit[2]: Shuffler 0 Port A = Y, Port B = CbCr 1 Port A = CbCr, Port B = Y 0 shuf bit[3]: Format of VBI-data (in ITU-R656 mode only!) Two possibilities are supported to disable the protected values 0 and 255: 0 limitation 1 7-bit resolution + odd parity LSB Note that this selection is applied for lines within the VBIwindow only! 0 range bit[4]: Transmission of VBI-data (in ITU-R656 mode only) 0 transmit as normal video data 1 transmit as ancillary data (with ANC-header) 1 ancillary bit[5]: PIXCLK selection Setting this bit activates the half-clock mode, in which PIXCLK is divided by 2 in order to spread the video data stream 0 full PIXCLK (normal operation) 1 PIXCLK divided by 2 0 halfclk bit[6]: Disable splitting of text data bytes During normal operation, sliced teletext bytes are splitted into 2 nibbles and multiplexed to the luminance and chrominance part. Setting this bit will disable this splitting. Sliced teletext data will be output directly on the luminance path. Note that the limitation of luminance data has to be disabled with bit[8]. The values 0 and 255 will no longer be protected in the luminance path! 0 splitdis bit[7]: reserved (must be set to zero) 0 bit[8]: Disable limitation of luminance data (see bit[6]) 0 enabled 1 disabled 0 dislim bit[9]: Suppress ITU-R656 headers for blank lines (vpol in h’153 should be set to 0) 0 hsup bit[10]: Change of ITU–R656 header flags 0 change header flags in SAV 1 change header flags in EAV 0 flagdel bit[11]: Enable task flag in ITU–R656 header 0 task flag always set to 1 1 task flag = 0 during VBI data window 0 task_enable 85 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION FP-RAM VPX Back-End Address Hex Number of Bits Mode Function Default Name 40 pval_start 720 pval_stop HVREF h’151 12 w/r Start position of the programmable ‘video active’ and clock gating The start position has to be an even value and is given relative to the trailing edge of HREF. Programmable VACT is activated with bit[2] of the control word (h’140)! When llcgate is active (h’153, bit[7]), this value defines the start of LLC clocks within a line. bit[10:0]: h’152 12 w/r End position of the programmable ‘video active’ and clock gating The end position has to be an even value and is given relative to the trailing edge of HREF. When llcgate is active (h’153, bit[7]), this value defines the end of LLC clocks within a line. bit[10:0]: h’153 12 w/r start of VACT reference signal end of VACT reference signal HREF and VREF control determines length and polarity of the timing reference signals refsig bit[1]: HREF Polarity 0 active low 1 active high 0 hpol bit[2]: VREF Polarity 0 active high 1 active low 0 vpol bit[5:3]: VREF pulse width, binary value + 2 000: pulse width = 2 111: pulse width = 9 0 vlen bit[6]: 1 disables field as output setting this bit will force the ‘field’ pin to the high impedance state 0 disfield bit[7]: 1 enable gating of LLC and LLC2 with the programmable ‘video active’ (h’151/152). Note that four additional clocks are inserted before and after to allow ITU-R656 operation. 0 llcgate 0 outmux Output Multiplexer h’154 12 w/r Output Multiplexer bit[7:0]: Multi-purpose bits on Port B determines the state of Port B when used as programmable output bmp bit[8]: activate multi-purpose bits on Port B note that double clock mode has to be selected for this option! bmpon bit[9]: Port Mode 0 parallel_out, ‘single clock’, Port A & B = FO[15:0]; 1 ‘double clock’ Port A = FO[15:8] / FO[7:0], Port B = programmable output/not used; double bit[10]: switch ‘VBI active’ qualifier 0 connect ‘VBI active’ to VACT pin 1 connect ‘VBI active’ to TDO pin vbiact bit[11]: reserved (must be set to zero) Temporal Decimation h’157 86 12 w/r Number of frames to output within 3000 frames This value will be activated only if the corresponding latch flag is set (control word h’140, bit[10] ). 3000 tdecframes Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 7. Application Notes 7.2. Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 3220A 7.1. Differences between VPX 322xE and VPX 322xD-C3 The following items indicate the differences between the VPX 322xE and the VPX 3220A: The following items indicate the differences between the VPX 322xE and the VPX 322xD: Internal Internal – VPX 3225E and VPX 3226E incorporate a text slicer. – The VPX 3226E includes a high-performance adaptive 4H combfilter Y/C separator with adjustable vertical peaking – Raw ADC data is supported (sampling frequency of 20.25 MHz/8 bit, output data rate 13.5 MHz/16 bit or 27 MHz/8 bit). – The center frequency for horizontal peaking is selectable in 3 steps (low, middle, high) – VPX 322xE does not support RGB and compressed video data output formats. The VPX 322xE supports ITU-R601 and ITU-R656. – The task flag of the ITU-R656 headers can be used to distinguish between VBI and video data. – Macrovision detection – new LLC timing (optional) – optional gating of LLC to assure a fixed number of clock cycles per line. – The control registers (I2C and FP-RAM) contain significant changes. – The VPX 322xE does not provide an asynchronous output mode, PIXCLK functions as an output only. The VPX 322xE supports half-clock data rate (6.75 MHz). – The VPX 322xE does not provide a video data rate of 20.25 MHz at the output interface. – The VPX 322xE supports low power mode. – clock-synchronized bus arbitration via OE (optional) External External – 3.3 V digital supply voltage – Power-up Default Selection Selection VPX 3220A VPX 322xE I2C device address PREF OE wake-up default Pads tristate/ active PIXCLK FIELD – The VPX 322xE does not use the internal I2C bus for power-up initialization. Resultingly, the I2C interface will not be locked during that period. – The VPX 322xE supports an 8-bit input or programmable output port B[7:0] if the device uses only port A[7:0] for video data output. – The VPX 322xE provides a HREF signal with a fixed low period, whereas the width of the high period will vary while the video input signal varies. Micronas 87 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 7.3. Control Interface 7.3.4. Write Data into FP Register 7.3.1. Symbols <86 <86 <86 <86 < > aa dd Start Condition Stop Condition (Sub-)Address Byte Data Byte <87 dd> aa aa> <87 dd> dd dd> poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared write FP register write address poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared write data into FP register 7.3.5. Read Data from FP Register 7.3.2. Write Data into I2C Register <86 f2 dd> 35 37 35 38 write to register OENA <86 <86 <86 <86 35 36 35 38 <87 dd> aa aa> <87 dd> <87 dd dd> poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared write FP register read address poll busy bit[2] until it is cleared read data from FP register 7.3.3. Read Data from I2C Register <86 00 <87 dd> read Manufacture ID 7.3.6. Sample Control Code A Windows API function set is provided for controlling the VPX. This API is independent of the actual used version of the VPX. It is recommended to control the VPX via this API, which allows flexible switching between different VPX family members. The API is available on request. The following code demontrates the usage of the API to initialize the VPX. #include <vpx.h> // VPXAPI support header VPXInit(); // initializes the VPX from an INI file VPXSetVideoSource(VPX_VIN1, VPX_COMPOSITE); VPXSetVideoWindow(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, 23, 288, 0, 720, 720, 3000, 0); VPXSetVideoWindow(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); VPXSetVideoWindow(VPX_VBI_WINDOW, 320, 336, 7, 23, 0, 0, 0); VPXSetVideoStandard(VPX_PAL); VPXSetVBIMode(VPX_VBI_SLICED_DATA, VPX_VBI_ACTIVE); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_CONTRAST, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_BRIGHTNESS, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_SATURATION, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_HUE, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_PEAKING, 128); VPXSetVideoAttribute(VPX_VIDEO_WINDOW1, VPX_CORING, 128); 88 Micronas VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 7.4. Xtal Supplier Name Part No. Country Phone/Fax Contact Lap Tech XT1750 Canada +1-(905) 623 4101 Sandra Cooke Raltron A-20.250-13-ITT HC49U USA +1-(305) 593 6033 +1-(305) 594 3973 fax – ACAL GmbH 2351051 HC49U Germany +49-(7131) 581 251 +49-(7131) 581 250 fax – MTRON [email protected] MHz HC49U USA +1-(408) 257 3399 George Panos or Wayne Watson Monitor Products MSC1393 HC49U USA +1-(619) 433 4510 +1-(619) 434 0255 fax Jan Read or Skip Estes Fox Electronics S50927-1(HC49U, 20.25 MHz) S50927-2(SMD, 20.25 MHz) USA +1-(800) 741 8758 sales rep. that covers your state Millennium MCRY-1042-S low profile HC49/S USA +1-(408) 436 8770 +1-(408) 436 8773 fax Sterling Loro (Loroco Sales) ECLIPTEK Co. ECX-5053-20.250M low profile ECX-5087-20.250M normal profile USA +1-(800) 433 1280 Michelle Prindible Micronas 89 4 1 2 L1 C1 2.2uH 5 C2 330pF R1 75 C3 330pF L2 C4 2.2uH C5 330pF RCA Composite Video 1nF R2 75 C6 330pF L3 680nF Connection point Rxx should be the only junction between digital and analog groundplane. An optimum solution would be a connection underneath the VPX 32xxE. Please refer to the layout recommendations for details The output pins PA7 to PA0 and PB7 to PB0 provide different signals in specific modes as follows. Please refer to Section 2.8 for details about the Video Data Transfer and to Tables 6.2 and 6.5 for the use of the Multi-purpose bits Mode SINGLE CONNECTION POINT C7 J2 PA7 to PA0 PB7 to PB0 ITU-601 13.5 MHz Luminance Chrominance ITU-601 27 MHz Luminance/Chrominance Multi-purpose ITU-656 Lum./Chrominance/Sync Multi-purpose VPX 322xE S-Video 3 7.5. Typical Application 90 J1 MINI DIN4 Rxx 3.3uH C8 330pF R3 75 C9 330pF 680nF PA[7..0] U1 Composite Video RCA L4 C10 J3 3.3uH C11 330pF R4 75 C12 330pF Place the ceramic bypass capacitors as close as possible to VPX 32xxE. The 5 V analog supply should be as clean as possible. 680nF Y1 20.25 MHz + C13 C14 47nF 10uF/10V C15 C18 22uF/10V VIN1 VIN2 VIN3 41 43 VRT ISGND 35 34 XTAL1 XTAL2 29 30 SDA SCL 44 1 2 TMS TDI TCK 18 OE 31 RES 33 11 36 32 13 38 VDD PVDD AVDD VSS PVSS AVSS 4.7pF 3.3 V digital supply + CIN 39 40 42 C16 4.7pF C17 100nF 37 3.3 V digital supply C19 220nF PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 17 16 15 14 10 9 8 7 PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 TDO (LLC2/DACT) 3 HREF VREF PREF 4 5 6 HREF VREF FIELD VACT LLC 20 19 VACT LLC PIXCLK 12 PB[7..0] PIXCLK 3.3 V digital supply 3.3 V digital supply VPX 32xxE R5 10K 5 V analog supply C20 22uF/10V + R6 10K /RESET /OUTPUT ENABLE I2C CLOCK I2C DATA C21 100nF R7 10K Micronas ADVANCE INFORMATION We recommend to use only 20.25 MHz-Crystals which are compliant to our specifications. Please refer to Section 7.4 for a list of approved crystal manufacturers ADVANCE INFORMATION Micronas VPX 322xE 91 VPX 322xE ADVANCE INFORMATION 8. Data Sheet History 1. Advance Information: “VPX 3226E, VPX 3225E, VPX 3224E Video Pixel Decoders”, Edition Oct. 13, 1999, 6251-483-1AI. First release of the advance information. Micronas GmbH Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 D-79108 Freiburg (Germany) P.O. Box 840 D-79008 Freiburg (Germany) Tel. +49-761-517-0 Fax +49-761-517-2174 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.micronas.com Printed in Germany Order No. 6251-483-1AI 92 All information and data contained in this data sheet are without any commitment, are not to be considered as an offer for conclusion of a contract, nor shall they be construed as to create any liability. Any new issue of this data sheet invalidates previous issues. Product availability and delivery are exclusively subject to our respective order confirmation form; the same applies to orders based on development samples delivered. By this publication, Micronas GmbH does not assume responsibility for patent infringements or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Further, Micronas GmbH reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted without the express written consent of Micronas GmbH. Micronas