w WM9001 1W Dual-Mode Class AB/D Speaker Driver DESCRIPTION FEATURES The WM9001 is a powerful, high quality speaker driver which can operate in class D or AB mode, providing total flexibility to the system designer. Low leakage, high PSRR and pop/click suppression enable direct battery connection to the speaker supply. RF noise suppression techniques and differential design are used to suppress undesired noise. A single-ended input option has been included for complete system flexibility. The device is enabled by setting a logic '1' on the EN pin. The class D clock can be generated by an internal oscillator, or supplied from an external clock source. • • • • • • • • • • • Flexible speaker boost options (requiring no additional components) allow output volume to be maximised for various SPKVDD/AVDD combinations while minimising internal power consumption. • • • The WM9001 is available in a 3x3mm QFN package, ideal for portable systems such as mobile phones, portable navigation devices, media players, laptop computers and electronic dictionaries. Class D and AB speaker driver modes for flexibility Speaker driver provides 1W into 8Ω at <0.1% THD SNR 102dB (Class AB), 97dB (Class D) Differential and single-ended input modes >80dB PSRR @ 217Hz (SPKVDD) <1μA typical leakage with direct battery connection Filterless speaker connection Fully differential architecture (differential mode) Pop/click suppression RF noise suppression Fully compatible with Wolfson CODECs including WM8990 / WM8991 Internal oscillator or external clock source Thermal shutdown protection 3x3mm QFN package APPLICATIONS • • • • • • Mobile phones Portable navigation devices Portable media players Laptop computers and portable gaming devices Electronic dictionaries General-purpose high quality speaker amplifier BLOCK DIAGRAM WOLFSON MICROELECTRONICS plc To receive regular email updates, sign up at http://www.wolfsonmicro.com/enews Production Data, March 2010, Rev 4.1 Copyright ©2010 Wolfson Microelectronics plc WM9001 Production Data TABLE OF CONTENTS DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 1 FEATURES............................................................................................................. 1 APPLICATIONS ..................................................................................................... 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................................................................. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... 2 PIN CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................... 3 ORDERING INFORMATION .................................................................................. 3 PIN DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 4 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ......................................................................... 5 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS ..................................................... 5 THERMAL PERFORMANCE ................................................................................. 6 POWER DE-RATING ............................................................................................. 7 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................... 8 TERMINOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 9 TYPICAL POWER CONSUMPTION .................................................................... 10 SPEAKER DRIVER PERFORMANCE ................................................................. 11 CLASS D MODE .......................................................................................................... 11 CLASS AB MODE ........................................................................................................ 11 PSRR PERFORMANCE ....................................................................................... 12 EFFICIENCY ........................................................................................................ 13 AUDIO SIGNAL PATHS ....................................................................................... 14 DEVICE DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 15 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 15 POWER ON RESET .................................................................................................... 15 ENABLE ....................................................................................................................... 15 INPUT SIGNAL PATH .................................................................................................. 16 SYNC ........................................................................................................................... 16 SPEAKER DRIVER MODE SELECT............................................................................ 17 SIGNAL BOOST CONTROL ........................................................................................ 17 THERMAL SHUTDOWN .............................................................................................. 18 RF NOISE SUPPRESSION.......................................................................................... 18 POPS / CLICK SUPPRESSION ................................................................................... 18 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ......................................................................... 19 TYPICAL STAND-ALONE USAGE............................................................................... 19 TYPICAL USAGE WITH WM8991 CODEC ................................................................. 20 SPEAKER SELECTION ............................................................................................... 21 PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS.............................................................................. 22 RECOMMENDED EXTERNAL COMPONENTS........................................................... 23 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS .................................................................................... 24 IMPORTANT NOTICE .......................................................................................... 25 ADDRESS .................................................................................................................... 25 w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 2 WM9001 Production Data PIN CONFIGURATION The WM9001 is supplied in a 3mm x 3mm 16 pin QFN package QFN ORDERING INFORMATION DEVICE MINIMUM ORDER QUANTITY TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE MOISTURE SENSITIVITY LEVEL PEAK SOLDERING TEMPERATURE QFN WM9001GEFL 164 -40°C to 85°C QFN MSL 1 260°C QFN WM9001GEFL/R 3500 -40°C to 85°C QFN MSL 1 260°C w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 3 WM9001 Production Data PIN DESCRIPTION PIN NO NAME TYPE DESCRIPTION 16 INP_SEL Digital Input Audio Input Mode Select 15 LIP Analogue Input Positive differential input 14 EN Enable Device Enable input 13 LIN Analogue Input Negative differential input 12 BSEL2 Digital Input Signal Boost Control[2] 11 BSEL1 Digital Input Signal Boost Control[1] 10 BSEL0 Digital Input Signal Boost Control[0] 9 VMID Analogue Output Midrail voltage decoupling capacitor 8 AVDD Supply Analogue supply 7 CDMODE Digital In Class AB/D Mode select 6 AGND Supply Analogue supply ground 5 SYNC Digital Input Class D clock input 4 VOUTN Analogue Output Speaker negative output 3 SPKGND Supply Speaker driver supply ground 2 SPKVDD Supply Speaker driver supply 1 VOUTP Analogue Output Speaker positive output w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 4 WM9001 Production Data ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Absolute Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Permanent damage to the device may be caused by continuously operating at or beyond these limits. Device functional operating limits and guaranteed performance specifications are given under Electrical Characteristics at the test conditions specified. ESD Sensitive Device. This device is manufactured on a CMOS process. It is therefore generically susceptible to damage from excessive static voltages. Proper ESD precautions must be taken during handling and storage of this device. Wolfson tests its package types according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020B for Moisture Sensitivity to determine acceptable storage conditions prior to surface mount assembly. These levels are: MSL1 = unlimited floor life at <30°C / 85% Relative Humidity. Not normally stored in moisture barrier bag. MSL2 = out of bag storage for 1 year at <30°C / 60% Relative Humidity. Supplied in moisture barrier bag. MSL3 = out of bag storage for 168 hours at <30°C / 60% Relative Humidity. Supplied in moisture barrier bag. The Moisture Sensitivity Level for each package type is specified in Ordering Information. CONDITION AVDD SPKVDD MIN MAX -0.3V +4.5V -0.3V +7V Digital Inputs voltage range AGND -0.3V AVDD +0.3V Analogue Inputs voltage range AGND -0.3V AVDD +0.3V Operating temperature range, TA -40ºC +85ºC Junction temperature, TJ -40ºC +150ºC Storage temperature after soldering -65ºC +150ºC RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS SYMBOL MIN MAX UNIT Analogue supply PARAMETER AVDD 2.7 3.6 V Speaker supply SPKVDD 2.7 5.5 V Ground AGND, SPKGND TYP 0 V Notes: 1. Analogue and speaker grounds must always be within 0.3V of each other. 2. All supplies are completely independent from each other (i.e. not internally connected). 3. AVDD must be less than or equal to SPKVDD. 4. SPKVDD must be high enough to support the peak output voltage when using DCGAIN and ACGAIN functions, to avoid output waveform clipping. Peak output voltage is AVDD*(DCGAIN+ACGAIN)/2. 5. The EN and SYNC pins are compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6V, even though the WM9001 AVDD supply minimum is 2.7V. This provides compatibility with a low voltage DVDD on a controlling device such as the WM8991 CODEC. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 5 WM9001 Production Data THERMAL PERFORMANCE Thermal analysis should be performed in the intended application to prevent the WM9001 from exceeding maximum junction temperature. Several contributing factors affect thermal performance most notably the physical properties of the mechanical enclosure, location of the device on the PCB in relation to surrounding components and the number of PCB layers. Connecting the GND pins/paddle through thermal vias and into a large ground plane will aid heat extraction. Three main heat transfer paths exist to surrounding air: - Package top to air (radiation). - Package bottom to PCB (radiation). - Package pins/paddle/balls to PCB (conduction). The temperature rise TR is given by TR = PD * ӨJA - PD is the power dissipated in the device. - ӨJA is the thermal resistance from the junction of the die to the ambient temperature and is therefore a measure of heat transfer from the die to surrounding air. ӨJA is determined with reference to JEDEC standard JESD51-9. The junction temperature TJ is given by TJ = TA +TR, where TA is the ambient temperature. SYMBOL MIN MAX UNIT Operating temperature range PARAMETER TA -40 85 °C Operating junction temperature TJ -40 100 Thermal Resistance w ӨJA TYP 52 °C °C/W PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 6 WM9001 Production Data POWER DE-RATING The speaker driver has been designed to drive a maximum of 1W into 8Ω with a 5V supply. However, thermal restrictions defined by the package ӨJA limit the amount of power that can be safely dissipated in the device without exceeding the maximum operating junction temperature. Power dissipated in the device correlates directly with speaker efficiency, hence there are separate de-rating curves for class D and class AB operation. Under no circumstances should the recommended maximum powers be exceeded. The de-rating curves in Figure 1 are based on a sinusoidal input signal delivering a maximum output power of 1W into 8Ω. CLASS D CLASS AB P [W] 1.0 SPKVDD = 5.5V SPKVDD = 5V SPKVDD = 4.2V 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 SPKVDD = 3.6V SPKVDD = 3.3V SPKVDD = 3V SPKVDD = 2.7V 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 T [ºC] Figure 1 Speaker Power De-Rating Curves w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 7 WM9001 Production Data ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test Conditions AVDD = 3.3V; SPKVDD = 5V, TA = +25oC, 1kHz input signal, BSEL[2:0] = 000 unless otherwise stated. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Analogue Input Pins (LIN, LIP) Maximum Full-Scale Input Signal Level Differential Mode (INP_SEL=0): This is the maximum on each input pin; the total differential input is 2x this figure. Single-Ended Mode (INP_SEL=1): This is the maximum on LIP. Note that the maximum signal level scales in proportion to AVDD (AVDD/3.3). Input Resistance – Differential Mode (INP_SEL=0) Input Resistance – Single-Ended Mode (INP_SEL=1) 1.0 0 Vrms dBV Gain=0dB (BSEL[2:0]=000) 160 kΩ Gain=2.1dB (BSEL[2:0]=001) 123 kΩ Gain=2.9dB (BSEL[2:0]=010) 112 kΩ Gain=3.6dB (BSEL[2:0]=011) 103 kΩ Gain=4.5dB (BSEL[2:0]=100) 94 kΩ Gain=5.1dB (BSEL[2:0]=101) 87 kΩ All gain settings 20 kΩ 10 pF 97 dB Input Capacitance Speaker Driver Performance SNR (A-weighted) THD (PO=0.5W) THD+N (PO=0.5W) THD (PO=1.0W) THD+N (PO=1.0W) SNR (A-weighted) THD (PO=0.5W) THD+N (PO=0.5W) THD (PO=1.0W) THD+N (PO=1.0W) Mute Attenuation Common Mode Rejection Ratio BSEL[2:0] = 011 (1.52x) 8Ω Bridge Tied Load Class D Mode Differential and Single-Ended Input Modes 90 BSEL[2:0] = 011 (1.52x) 8Ω Bridge Tied Load Class AB Mode Differential and Single-Ended Input Modes 94 Device disabled (EN=0) AVDD PSRR -81 -87 -79 dB -83 -73 dB -78 -68 102 -70 -77 -68 dB -77 -70 dB -75 -68 DC Offset at load dB dB dB 50 100mV pk-pk ripple, 217Hz dB -79 dB 0 SPKVDD PSRR dB dB 100 Differential Mode Bandwidth -92 22 kHz 60 dB 83 dB 5 mV SPKVDD Leakage Current EN=0 0.3 μA AVDD Leakage Current EN=0 9 μA Reference Levels VMID Midrail Reference Voltage Output Common Mode Voltage (Note: BSEL[2:0]=110 and BSEL[2:0]=111 are reserved settings) w -3% AVDD/2 +3% BSEL[2:0] = 000 1.00 x VMID BSEL[2:0] = 001 1.27 x VMID BSEL[2:0] = 010 1.40 x VMID BSEL[2:0] = 011 1.52 x VMID BSEL[2:0] = 100 1.67 x VMID BSEL[2:0] = 101 1.80 x VMID V V PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 8 WM9001 Production Data Test Conditions AVDD = 3.3V; SPKVDD = 5V, TA = +25oC, 1kHz input signal, BSEL[2:0] = 000 unless otherwise stated. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Input / Output (for hardware control) Input HIGH Level (BSEL, CDMODE) 0.7×AVDD Input HIGH Level (EN, SYNC) V 1.6 V Input LOW Level Input capacitance 0.3×AVDD V 0.9 uA 10 Input leakage -0.9 pF Oscillator Free-running oscillator frequency 600 800 950 kHz External clock frequency range 600 800 950 kHz Power-Up Time (Based on recommended Vmid capacitor value; these times will vary with different capacitors) Class AB Enable time Vmid capacitor = 4.7μF 400 ms Class D Enable time Vmid capacitor = 4.7μF 100 ms TERMINOLOGY 1. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB) – SNR is a measure of the difference in level between the maximum theoretical full scale output signal and the output with no input signal applied. 2. Total Harmonic Distortion (dB) – THD is the level of the rms value of the sum of harmonic distortion products relative to the amplitude of the measured output signal. 3. Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise (dB) – THD+N is the level of the rms value of the sum of harmonic distortion products plus noise in the specified bandwidth relative to the amplitude of the measured output signal. 4. All performance measurements carried out with 20kHz low pass filter, and where noted an A-weighted filter. Failure to use such a filter will result in higher THD and lower SNR readings than are found in the Electrical Characteristics. The low pass filter removes out of band noise; although it is not audible it may affect dynamic specification values. 5. Mute Attenuation – This is a measure of the difference in level between the full scale output signal and the output with mute applied. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 9 WM9001 Production Data TYPICAL POWER CONSUMPTION MODE GAIN EN CDMODE SYNC AVDD INP_SEL BATTERY LEAKAGE SPKVDD TOTAL (V) (uA) (V) (uA) (uW) OFF 0dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7 0.02 0.054 EN=0, AVDD=0V 0dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 0.06 0.222 0dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2 0.11 0.462 0dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.14 0.7 0dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5 0.17 0.935 (V) (uA) (V) (uA) (uW) 0dB 0 0 0 0 2.7 7.67 2.7 0.02 20.763 2.1dB 0 0 0 0 3 8.16 3.7 0.07 24.739 2.1dB 0 0 0 0 3.3 8.91 4.2 0.1 29.823 3.6dB 0 0 0 0 3.3 8.93 5 0.37 31.319 3.6dB 0 0 0 0 3.6 9.75 5.5 0.64 38.62 (V) (mA) (V) (mA) (mW) STANDBY LEAKAGE OFF Standby EN=0, AVDD enabled QUIESCENT Class AB Speaker Mode 8Ω 0dB 1 1 0 0 2.7 0.3 2.7 3.45 10.12 2.1dB 1 1 0 0 3 0.33 3.7 4.69 18.35 2.1dB 1 1 0 0 3.3 0.35 4.2 5.6 24.71 3.6dB 1 1 0 0 3.3 0.35 5 6.37 33 3.6dB 1 1 0 0 3.6 0.38 5.5 7.42 42.16 5.84 Class D Speaker Mode 0dB 1 0 0 0 2.7 1.09 2.7 1.08 8Ω 2.1dB 1 0 0 0 3 1.22 3.7 1.52 9.3 Internal Oscillator 2.1dB 1 0 0 0 3.3 1.36 4.2 1.8 12.06 3.6dB 1 0 0 0 3.3 1.36 5 2.15 15.23 3.6dB 1 0 0 0 3.6 1.5 5.5 2.42 18.74 0dB 1 0 800kHz 0 2.7 1.08 2.7 1.13 5.97 8Ω 2.1dB 1 0 800kHz 0 3 1.23 3.7 1.54 9.4 External Oscillator 2.1dB 1 0 800kHz 0 3.3 1.37 4.2 1.76 11.91 3.6dB 1 0 800kHz 0 3.3 1.37 5 2.19 15.45 3.6dB 1 0 800kHz 0 3.6 1.52 5.5 2.47 19.06 (V) (mA) (V) (mA) (mW) 3.6dB 1 1 0 0 3.3 0.35 5 211.63 1059.3 3.6dB 1 1 0 0 3.3 0.35 5 144.22 722.26 3.6dB 1 0 0 0 3.3 1.34 5 235.15 1180.18 3.6dB 1 0 0 0 3.3 1.36 5 120.45 606.73 Class D Speaker Mode ACTIVE Class AB Speaker Mode 0.45W into 8Ω Class AB Speaker Mode 0.2W into 8Ω Class D Speaker Mode 1W into 8Ω Class D Speaker Mode 0.5W into 8Ω Note that the Gain settings are determined by the BSEL[2:0] values as follows: Gain (dB) Gain (v) BSEL[2] BSEL[1] 0dB 1.00x 0 0 0 2.1dB 1.27x 0 0 1 2.9dB 1.40x 0 1 0 3.6dB 1.52x 0 1 1 4.5dB 1.67x 1 0 0 5.1dB 1.80x 1 0 1 w BSEL[0] PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 10 WM9001 Production Data SPEAKER DRIVER PERFORMANCE The THD+N performance of the Speaker Driver is shown below for Class AB mode and for Class D mode. Load RL = 8Ω + 22μH, Frequency = 1kHz. Data is provided for four typical Power Supply /Gain combinations: AVDD SPKVDD GAIN 2.7V 2.7V 0 dB (x1.0) 3.0V 3.7V 2.1 dB (x1.27) 3.3V 4.2V 2.1 dB (x1.27) 3.3V 5.0V 3.6 dB (x1.52) CLASS D MODE WM9001 THD+N Ratio v Output Power Class D 10 THD+N Ratio (%) 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Output Power (W) SPKVDD=5.0V, AVDD=3.3V, Gain=3.6dB SPKVDD=4.2V, AVDD=3.3V, Gain=2.1dB SPKVDD=3.7V, AVDD=3.0V, Gain=2.1dB SPKVDD=2.7V, AVDD=2.7V, Gain=0dB Figure 2 Class D Speaker Performance CLASS AB MODE WM9001 THD+N Ratio v Output Power Class AB 10 THD+N Ratio (%) 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Output Power (W) SPKVDD=5.0V, AVDD=3.3V, Gain=3.6dB SPKVDD=4.2V, AVDD=3.3V, Gain=2.1dB SPKVDD=3.7V, AVDD=3.0V, Gain=2.1dB SPKVDD=2.7V, AVDD=2.7V, Gain=0dB Figure 3 Class AB Speaker Performance w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 11 WM9001 Production Data PSRR PERFORMANCE Typical PSRR versus frequency curves are provided below. The curves were produced by superimposing a 100mV pk-pk ripple onto a DC level at the supply pin and measuring rejection of this signal at the output. CLASS AB SPKVDD PSRR CLASS D SPKVDD PSRR WM9001 Class AB SPKVDD PSRR WM9001 Class D SPKVDD PSRR AVDD=3.3V, SPKVDD=5.0V AVDD=3.3V, SPKVDD=5.0V 100 100 Differential Mode Differential Mode 90 Single-Emded Mode 90 80 PSRR (dB) PSRR (dB) 80 Single-Emded Mode 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 20 2 4 6 8 12 14 CLASS AB AVDD PSRR CLASS D AVDD PSRR WM9001 Class AB AVDD PSRR WM9001 Class D AVDD PSRR 16 18 20 AVDD=3.3V, SPKVDD=5.0V AVDD=3.3V, SPKVDD=5.0V 90 90 Differential Mode Differential Mode 80 80 Single-Emded Mode Single-Emded Mode 70 PSRR (dB) 70 PSRR (dB) 10 Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz) 60 50 60 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Frequency (kHz) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Frequency (kHz) Note: The measurement noise floor is at approximately 88dB w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 12 WM9001 Production Data EFFICIENCY Typical Efficiency versus output power curves are provided below for both class AB and class D modes. CLASS D WM9001 Class AB Efficiency WM9001 Class D Efficiency AVDD=3.3V, SPKVDD=5.0V, BSEL[2:0]=011 (x1.52) AVDD=3.3V, SPKVDD=5.0V, BSEL[2:0]=011 (x1.52) 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) CLASS AB 60 50 40 30 20 Differential Mode 10 Single-Ended Mode 0 0 200 400 600 800 Output Power (mW) w 1000 1200 1400 60 50 40 30 20 Differential Mode 10 Single-Ended Mode 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Output Power (mW) PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 13 WM9001 Production Data AUDIO SIGNAL PATHS The WM9001 speaker driver can operate in two modes: 1. INP_SEL=0: Takes a differential audio input and produces a differential class AB or class D output. The audio signal path is illustrated below. Figure 4 Differential Mode Audio Signal Paths 2. INP_SEL=1: Takes a single-ended audio input and produces a differential class AB or class D output. The audio signal path is illustrated below. Figure 5 Single-Ended Mode Audio Signal Paths w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 14 WM9001 Production Data DEVICE DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION The WM9001 is a powerful mono speaker driver, which can operate in class D or AB mode, providing total flexibility to the system designer. The WM9001 can deliver 1W in class D mode, Figure 2 , or in class AB mode, Figure 3, into an 8Ω load. The input can be configured either as a single channel differential line output offering good noise rejection characteristics, or as a single-ended line output for systems where there is no differential option. It can be used as a stand-alone device, or in conjunction with a CODEC such as the WM8991 or WM8990 to provide a complete stereo solution. The gain settings and speaker driver mode are configurable via the hardware control pins BSEL[2:0] and CDMODE. For stand-alone operation these pins are tied to logic 1/0. The class D amplifier requires a clock signal. An internal oscillator can be used for stand alone operation by tying the SYNC pin to logic 1/0. Alternatively an external clock can be used by applying this signal to the SYNC pin. The EN (Enable) pin provides a controllable method for switching ON/OFF the speaker outputs. The very small 3 x 3mm QFN packages make the WM9001 ideal for portable systems, such as mobile phones, portable navigation devices, media players, laptop computers and electronic dictionaries. POWER ON RESET The WM9001 includes an internal Power-On Reset (POR) circuit which is used to reset the device into a default state at power up. The POR circuit is controlled by the AVDD power supply. Note that there is no POR on the SPKVDD supply. When the chip is powered down, the speaker driver outputs, SPKP and SPKN, become tri-state. ENABLE The chip is enabled by a logic ‘1’ on the EN pin. PIN NAME 14 EN DESCRIPTION Device Enable input 0 = Device Disabled 1 = Device Enabled Table 1 Device Enable Control The EN pin should be used to disable the device prior to removing the audio or clock (removing an external clock will not disable the output). When the chip is disabled, the speaker driver outputs become tri-state. The EN pin is compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6V, even though the WM9001 AVDD supply minimum is 2.7V. This provides compatibility with a low voltage DVDD on a controlling device such as the WM8991 CODEC. Ultra low quiescent current in the disabled state minimises extends battery life in this condition. The typical values of SPKVDD current and AVDD current in the disabled (Standby) state are described in the Electrical Characteristics section. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 15 WM9001 Production Data INPUT SIGNAL PATH The line inputs to the WM9001 are identified as LIP and LIN on the pin diagram. These are a fully balanced differential input pair, with matched impedances on both terminals. The input stage of the WM9001 is driven by the voltage difference between these two pins. This results in a very low noise amplifier stage, as any common mode noise (unwanted signals that are present in equal amplitude on both pins) are cancelled out at the input and are not reproduced at the output. The LIP input can also be configured as a single-ended line input – see Table 2 below. Single-ended to differential conversion is carried out internally with the N channel input (normally LIN) connected to an inverted version of the P channel (LIP). In this configuration the LIN pin should be connected to analogue ground. PIN 16 NAME INP_SEL DESCRIPTION Input Mode Select 0 = Differential Mode (LIP/LIN) 1 = Single-Ended Mode (LIP only) Table 2 Input Mode Control WM9001 inputs LIP and LIN are biased to Vmid (equal to AVDD/2) therefore DC-blocking capacitors are required when connecting non Vmid reference input signals. The Vmid pin must be decoupled externally – see ‘Applications Information’ for more detail. SYNC In Class D operation the WM9001 may be clocked using one of two methods. • Externally supplied clock to the SYNC pin (800kHz typical). • Internal oscillator, allowing stand-alone operation of the device. The Clock source selection is determined automatically by the WM9001 according to the status of the SYNC pin. If a clock signal is present on the SYNC pin, then this signal is automatically selected as the WM9001 clock source. If the clock signal is interrupted and this pin is pulled high or low, then the internal oscillator will be selected. It is not recommended to interrupt or change clock sources whilst the device is enabled. PIN NAME 5 SYNC DESCRIPTION Class D PWM clock input Constant 0 / 1 – Internal Oscillator enabled Clock – Clock used to sync PWM class D Table 3 Sync Clock Control The SYNC pin is compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6V, even though the WM9001 AVDD supply minimum is 2.7V. This provides compatibility with a low voltage DVDD on a controlling device such as the WM8991 CODEC. Figure 6 System Clock Timing Requirements Please refer to the Electrical Characteristics for minimum and maximum SYNC frequencies. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 16 WM9001 Production Data SPEAKER DRIVER MODE SELECT The speaker outputs operate in a BTL configuration, in either class AB or class D mode. The speaker driver mode is selected using the CDMODE pin. PIN NAME 7 CDMODE DESCRIPTION Class AB/D Mode Select 0 = Class D mode 1 = Class AB mode Table 4 Class AB / D Mode Control SIGNAL BOOST CONTROL Six levels of signal boost are available to provide maximum output power for many commonly used SPKVDD/AVDD combinations. These boost options are available in class AB and class D modes. AC and DC gain levels from 1.0x to 1.8x are selected using the BSEL[2:0] input pins. Note that ACGAIN = DCGAIN for all settings. An appropriate SPKVDD supply voltage must be provided to prevent waveform clipping when signal boost is used. Figure 7 Signal Boost Operation PIN NAME 12,11,10 BSEL[2:0] DESCRIPTION Signal Boost Control 000 = 1.00x boost (+0dB) 001 = 1.27x boost (+2.1dB) 010 = 1.40x boost (+2.9dB) 011 = 1.52x boost (+3.6dB) 100 = 1.67x boost (+4.5dB) 101 = 1.8x boost (+5.1dB) 110 = Reserved 111 = Reserved Table 5 Signal Boost Control To prevent pop noise, the BSEL[2:0] settings should not be modified while the speaker outputs are enabled. Note that ACGAIN = DCGAIN for all settings. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 17 WM9001 Production Data THERMAL SHUTDOWN To protect the WM9001 from damage due to overheating, a thermal shutdown circuit is included. If the junction temperature exceeds approximately 150ºC, then the WM9001 will be disabled. Note that the internal power dissipation of the WM9001 is significantly higher in class AB mode than in class D mode – see “Power De-Rating” section. It is not possible to disable the thermal shutdown function. RF NOISE SUPPRESSION The WM9001 provides internal RF filtering which minimises the impact of high frequency noise in the system. POPS / CLICK SUPPRESSION The WM9001 incorporates mechanisms that reduce audible pops/clicks at the speaker outputs. To prevent pop noise, it is recommended that the BSEL, SYNC, CDMODE and INP_SEL settings should not be modified while the speaker outputs are enabled. Muting the device (setting EN = 0) during any update to these settings is recommended. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 18 WM9001 Production Data APPLICATIONS INFORMATION TYPICAL STAND-ALONE USAGE The WM9001 may be used as a differential speaker amplifier, as illustrated in Figure 8, or as a single-ended speaker amplifier in Figure 9. Figure 8 Operation of WM9001 as Stand-alone Differential Amplifier Figure 9 Operation of WM9001 as a Stand-alone Single-ended Amplifier In the both configurations DC blocking capacitors are required on the input paths. A typical application might use 1uF capacitors for this purpose, providing a high pass cut-off frequency of less than 20Hz. In single-ended mode it is recommend that the unused LIN input is connected to analogue ground. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 19 WM9001 Production Data TYPICAL USAGE WITH WM8991 CODEC The WM9001 may be used in conjunction with a CODEC such as the WM8991 to provide a complete stereo solution. Such a solution allows the left and right drivers to be positioned separately as close to the speakers as possible, minimising EMI emissions from long speaker cables. In this configuration the EN & SYNC pins may be driven from GPIO outputs from the WM8991, and, providing that the WM8991 and WM9001 are connected to the same analogue supply (AVDD), then DC blocking capacitors are not required on the LIP and LIN inputs to WM9001. LONMIX Mixer L Mixer R + LON Line Inverted Out L INPUT MIXERS 0dB, -6dB MIC L MIC R + 1 INPUT PGAs OUTPUT MIXERS LOP Line Mixer L Record L LOPMIX Left Line Input to Speaker LEFT CHANNEL SPEAKER OUTPUT Rx Voice Left Line Input to Left Output Mixer -16.5dB to +30dB, 0.75dB steps LIN1 - LIN2 Left MIC + Left ADC Bypass LIN3/GPI7 - LIN4/RXN RXN -12dB to +6dB -16.5dB to +30dB, 0.75dB steps -12dB to +6dB 0dB, +30dB LIN34 + -12dB to +6dB + RXVOICE + RXVOICE ADC L DIFFINL -71.625dB to +17.625dB, 0.375dB steps -36dB to 0dB, 3dB steps 0 AINRMUX + -16.5dB to +30dB, 0.75dB steps - RIN4/RXP 0dB, +30dB + en RIN1 - RIN2 HIGH PASS FILTER (Voice or HiFi) DAC L MON O MIX ADC R 0 -12dB to +6dB -12dB to +6dB -73dB to +6dB, 1dB steps Mixer L DAC R ROMIX -73dB to +6dB, 1dB steps L MIC + R MIC 0dB, +6dB, +12dB, +18dB 0dB, -6dB, -12dB RIN2 1xVMID, 1.27xVMID, 1.4xVMID, 1.52xVMID, 1.67xVMID 1.8xVMID RADC bypass R ADC Bypass L ADC Bypass SP K + DAC R Mixer R DAC R 1x, 1.27x , 1.4x, 1.52x , 1.67x 1.8x SPKN SPKP ROPGA ROUT HP -73dB to +6dB, 1dB steps LIN3 RIN3 + -12dB to 0dB, 3dB steps Mixer R Right MIC OUT4 HP + RXP Right ADC Bypass RIN12 SPKPGA LIN2 -73dB to +6dB, 1dB steps + -71.625dB to 0dB, 0.375dB steps + SPKMIX DAC L + INMIXR LADC bypass LOMIX LOUT HP LOPGA DAC L -12dB to 0dB, 3dB steps -71.625dB to +17.625dB, 0.375dB steps + L ADC Bypass + 0dB, +30dB RIN34 -16.5dB to +30dB, 0.75dB steps R MIC R ADC Bypass -71.625dB to 0dB, 0.375dB steps AINLMUX DIFFINR -73dB to +6dB, 1dB steps L MIC DIGITAL CORE HIGH PASS FILTER (Voice or HiFi) -12dB to +6dB -12dB to +6dB OUT3 HP RIN3 + INMIXL + - -12dB to +6dB 0dB, -6dB + LIN3 0dB, +30dB RIN3/GPI8 OUT3MIX Mixer L LIN12 OUT4MIX 0dB, -6dB ROPMIX 0dB, -6dB ACGAIN & DCGAIN SET BY REGISTERS Right Line Input to Right Output Mixer Rx Voice + Right Line Input to Speaker Record R Mixer R MIC L MICBIAS Current Detect + Line + Line ROP 1 MIC R VREF MICBIAS 50k 50 k 250k 250k 5k 5k GPIO DIGITAL AUDIO INTERFACE AVDD A-law and u-law support TDM Support DCVDD POR POR RON Inverted Out R Alternative DAC Interface Alternative MCLK Button Control / Accessory Detect Clock Output Inverted ADCLRC Mixer L Mixer R PLL MCLK2 SYSCLK MCLK RONMIX CONTROL INTERFACE CSB/ADDR SDIN SCLK MODE MCLK GPIO6/ADCLRCB GPIO5/DACDAT2 GPIO4/DACLRC2 GPIO3/BCLK2 GPIO2/MCLK2 ADCLRC/GPIO1 ADCDAT DACDAT DACLRC BCLK HPVDD DCVDD DGND HPGND DBVDD SPKVDD SPKGND AVDD VMID AGND SYNC EN DIFFERENTIAL RIGHT CHANNEL SPEAKER OUTPUT AGND AVDD SPKVDD SPKGND RF NOISE SUPPRESSION INP_SEL THERMAL SHUTDOWN POP/CLICK SUPPRESSION LIP ACGAIN SPKP + CLASS AB/D SPEAKER DRIVER LIN AVDD SPKN - ACGAIN EN VMID D / AB Select DCGAIN CLOCK DETECT OSCILLATOR AGN D OUTPUT POWER BOOST SELECT DEVICE ENABLE BSEL[2:0] CDMODE ACGAIN & DCGAIN SET BY H/W CDMODE SET BY H/W EN SYNC Figure 10 Operation of WM9001 in Conjunction with WM8991 The EN and SYNC pins are compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6V, even though the WM9001 AVDD supply minimum is 2.7V. This provides compatibility with a low voltage DVDD on a controlling device such as the WM8991 CODEC. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 20 WM9001 Production Data SPEAKER SELECTION In Class D driver mode, the WM9001 output contains high frequency signals resulting from the switched PWM operation. To avoid the need for specific filter components, it is important to make an appropriate choice of loudspeaker. Note that, for Class AB mode usage, the choice of speaker is not so important as there are no high frequency harmonics in the WM9001 output. The speaker inductance and load resistance create a low-pass filter which, ideally, will attenuate the high frequency Class D switching harmonics whilst passing the desired audio frequencies. The 3dB cut-off frequency of the speaker inductance and resistance may be calculated as follows: fc = RL / 2πL Therefore, for an 8Ω speaker and a desired 3dB cut-off frequency of 20kHz, the speaker should be chosen to have an inductance of: L = RL / 2πfc = 8Ω / 2π * 20kHz = 64μH 8Ω speakers for portable applications typically have an inductance in the range 20μH to 100μH. If the inductance is higher than value calculated above, then the cut-off frequency will be reduced, limiting the audio bandwidth. Lower values of inductance will result in a higher cut-off frequency. The Class D outputs contain harmonics at much higher frequencies than is recommended for most speakers, and the cut-off frequency of the filter must therefore be low enough to protect the speaker. Figure 11 Speaker Equivalent Circuit w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 21 WM9001 Production Data PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS The efficiency of the speaker drivers is affected by the series resistance between the WM9001 and the speaker (e.g. inductor ESR) as shown in Figure 12. This resistance should be as low as possible to ٛ aximizi efficiency. Figure 12 Speaker Connection Losses The distance between the WM9001 and the speakers should be kept to a minimum to reduce series resistance, and also to reduce EMI. Further reductions in EMI can be achieved by additional passive filtering and/or shielding as shown in Figure 13. When additional passive filtering is used, low ESR components should be chosen to ٛ aximizi series resistance between the WM9001 and the speaker, ٛ aximizing efficiency. LC passive filtering will usually be effective at reducing EMI at frequencies up to around 30MHz. To reduce emissions at higher frequencies, ferrite beads placed as close to the device as possible will be more effective. SPKP WM9001 SPKN SPKP EMI WM9001 SPKN Short connection reduces EMI Long, exposed tracks emit more EMI SPKP SPKP LOW ESR WM9001 SPKN WM9001 SPKN LOW ESR Shielding using PCB ground plane (or Vdd) reduces EMI SPKP WM9001 SPKN Ferrite beads reduce EMI LC Filtering reduces EMI LC filtering is more effective at removing EMI at frequencies below ~30MHz Ferrite beads are more effective at removing EMI at frequencies above ~30MHz Figure 13 EMI Reduction Techniques w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 22 Production Data WM9001 RECOMMENDED EXTERNAL COMPONENTS w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 23 WM9001 Production Data PACKAGE DIMENSIONS FL: 16 PIN QFN PLASTIC PACKAGE 3 X 3 X 0.75 mm BODY, 0.50 mm LEAD PITCH DM053.C DETAIL 1 D D2 13 16 1 12 EXPOSED GROUND 6 PADDLE A INDEX AREA (D/2 X E/2) 4 E2 E SEE DETAIL 2 9 4 2X 8 5 e b 1 bbb M C A B 2X aaa C aaa C TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW DETAIL 1 A 0.08 C SIDE VIEW C 45 degrees A1 L Datum 0.32mm DETAIL 2 SEATING PLANE DETAIL 2 5 1 ccc C A3 EXPOSED GROUND PADDLE Terminal Tip e/2 e R A3 b Exposed lead DETAIL 2 Symbols A A1 A3 b D D2 E E2 e L aaa bbb ccc REF: MIN 0.70 0 0.20 Dimensions (mm) NOM MAX NOTE 0.75 0.80 0.02 0.05 0.20 REF 1 0.25 0.30 3.00 BSC 1.70 1.75 3.00 BSC 1.65 1.70 1.75 0.50 BSC 0.325 0.375 0.425 Tolerances of Form and Position 0.15 1.65 2 2 0.10 0.10 JEDEC, MO-220, VARIATION VGGD-2. NOTES: 1. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO METALLIZED TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN 0.15 mm AND 0.30 mm FROM TERMINAL TIP. 2. FALLS WITHIN JEDEC, MO-220, VARIATION VGGD-2. 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES. 4. THE TERMINAL #1 IDENTIFIER AND TERMINAL NUMBERING CONVENTION SHALL CONFORM TO JEDEC 95-1 SPP-002. 5. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED HEAT SINK SLUG AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS. 6. REFER TO APPLICATIONS NOTE WAN_0118 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING PCB FOOTPRINTS AND QFN PACKAGE SOLDERING. 7. THIS DRAWING IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. w PD, March 2010, Rev 4.1 24 Production Data WM9001 IMPORTANT NOTICE Wolfson Microelectronics plc (“Wolfson”) products and services are sold subject to Wolfson’s terms and conditions of sale, delivery and payment supplied at the time of order acknowledgement. Wolfson warrants performance of its products to the specifications in effect at the date of shipment. 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