14-Bit, 165 MSPS
TxDAC D/A Converter
AD9744*
®
FEATURES
High Performance Member of Pin Compatible
TxDAC Product Family
Excellent Spurious-Free Dynamic Range Performance
SFDR to Nyquist:
83 dBc @ 5 MHz Output
80 dBc @ 10 MHz Output
73 dBc @ 20 MHz Output
SNR @ 5 MHz Output, 125 MSPS: 77 dB
Twos Complement or Straight Binary Data Format
Differential Current Outputs: 2 mA to 20 mA
Power Dissipation: 135 mW @ 3.3 V
Power-Down Mode: 15 mW @ 3.3 V
On-Chip 1.2 V Reference
CMOS Compatible Digital Interface
28-Lead SOIC, 28-Lead TSSOP, and 32-Lead LFCSP
Packages
Edge-Triggered Latches
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.3V
0.1F
RSET
3.3V
REFLO
+1.2V REF
REFIO
FS ADJ
CURRENT
SOURCE
ARRAY
SEGMENTED
SWITCHES
CLOCK
ACOM
AD9744
DVDD
DCOM
CLOCK
AVDD
150pF
LSB
SWITCHES
LATCHES
IOUTA
IOUTB
MODE
DIGITAL DATA INPUTS (DB13–DB0)
SLEEP
APPLICATIONS
Wideband Communication Transmit Channel:
Direct IF
Base Stations
Wireless Local Loop
Digital Radio Link
Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS)
Instrumentation
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD9744 is a 14-bit resolution, wideband, third generation
member of the TxDAC series of high performance, low power
CMOS digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The TxDAC family,
consisting of pin compatible 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-bit DACs, is
specifically optimized for the transmit signal path of communication systems. All of the devices share the same interface options,
small outline package, and pinout, providing an upward or downward component selection path based on performance, resolution,
and cost. The AD9744 offers exceptional ac and dc performance
while supporting update rates up to 165 MSPS.
The AD9744’s low power dissipation makes it well suited for
portable and low power applications. Its power dissipation can
be further reduced to a mere 60 mW with a slight degradation
in performance by lowering the full-scale current output. Also,
a power-down mode reduces the standby power dissipation to
approximately 15 mW. A segmented current source architecture is combined with a proprietary switching technique to
reduce spurious components and enhance dynamic performance.
*Protected by U.S. Patent Numbers 5568145, 5689257, and 5703519.
Edge-triggered input latches and a 1.2 V temperature compensated band gap reference have been integrated to provide a
complete monolithic DAC solution. The digital inputs support
3 V CMOS logic families.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. The AD9744 is the 14-bit member of the pin compatible
TxDAC family, which offers excellent INL and DNL
performance.
2. Data input supports twos complement or straight binary
data coding.
3. High speed, single-ended CMOS clock input supports
165 MSPS conversion rate.
4. Low power: Complete CMOS DAC function operates on
135 mW from a 2.7 V to 3.6 V single supply. The DAC
full-scale current can be reduced for lower power operation,
and a sleep mode is provided for low power idle periods.
5. On-chip voltage reference: The AD9744 includes a 1.2 V
temperature compensated band gap voltage reference.
6. Industry-standard 28-lead SOIC, 28-lead TSSOP, and 32-lead
LFCSP packages.
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective companies.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
© 2003 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
AD9744–SPECIFICATIONS
DC SPECIFICATIONS
(TMIN to TMAX, AVDD = 3.3 V, DVDD = 3.3 V, CLKVDD = 3.3 V, IOUTFS = 20 mA, unless otherwise noted.)
Parameter
Min
RESOLUTION
Typ
Max
14
Unit
Bits
1
DC ACCURACY
Integral Linearity Error (INL)
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)
ANALOG OUTPUT
Offset Error
Gain Error (Without Internal Reference)
Gain Error (With Internal Reference)
Full-Scale Output Current2
Output Compliance Range
Output Resistance
Output Capacitance
REFERENCE OUTPUT
Reference Voltage
Reference Output Current3
REFERENCE INPUT
Input Compliance Range
Reference Input Resistance (Ext. Reference)
Small Signal Bandwidth
–5
–3
–0.02
–0.5
–0.5
2
–1
OPERATING RANGE
+5
+3
LSB
LSB
+0.02
+0.5
+0.5
20
+1.25
% of FSR
% of FSR
% of FSR
mA
V
kW
pF
1.26
V
nA
1.25
1
0.5
V
MW
MHz
0
± 50
± 100
± 50
ppm of FSR/∞C
ppm of FSR/∞C
ppm of FSR/∞C
ppm/∞C
± 0.1
± 0.1
100
5
1.14
1.20
100
0.1
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS
Offset Drift
Gain Drift (Without Internal Reference)
Gain Drift (With Internal Reference)
Reference Voltage Drift
POWER SUPPLY
Supply Voltages
AVDD
DVDD
CLKVDD
Analog Supply Current (IAVDD)
Digital Supply Current (IDVDD)4
Clock Supply Current (ICLKVDD)
Supply Current Sleep Mode (IAVDD)
Power Dissipation4
Power Dissipation5
Power Supply Rejection Ratio—AVDD6
Power Supply Rejection Ratio—DVDD6
± 0.8
± 0.5
2.7
2.7
2.7
3.3
3.3
3.3
33
8
5
5
135
145
3.6
3.6
3.6
36
9
6
6
145
–1
–0.04
+1
+0.04
V
V
V
mA
mA
mA
mA
mW
mW
% of FSR/V
% of FSR/V
–40
+85
∞C
NOTES
1
Measured at IOUTA, driving a virtual ground.
2
Nominal full-scale current, I OUTFS, is 32 times the I REF current.
3
An external buffer amplifier with input bias current <100 nA should be used to drive any external load.
4
Measured at f CLOCK = 25 MSPS and f OUT = 1 MHz.
5
Measured as unbuffered voltage output with I OUTFS = 20 mA and 50 W RLOAD at IOUTA and IOUTB, f CLOCK = 100 MSPS and f OUT = 40 MHz.
6
± 5% power supply variation.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
–2–
REV. A
AD9744
DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS
(TMIN to TMAX , AVDD = 3.3 V, DVDD = 3.3 V, CLKVDD = 3.3 V, IOUTFS = 20 mA, differential
transformer coupled output, 50 doubly terminated, unless otherwise noted.)
Parameter
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Maximum Output Update Rate (fCLOCK)
Output Settling Time (tST) (to 0.1%)1
Output Propagation Delay (tPD)
Glitch Impulse
Output Rise Time (10% to 90%)1
Output Fall Time (10% to 90%)1
Output Noise (IOUTFS = 20 mA)2
Output Noise (IOUTFS = 2 mA)2
Noise Spectral Density3
AC LINEARITY
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range to Nyquist
fCLOCK = 25 MSPS; fOUT = 1.00 MHz
0 dBFS Output
–6 dBFS Output
–12 dBFS Output
–18 dBFS Output
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 1.00 MHz
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 2.51 MHz
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 10 MHz
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 15 MHz
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 25 MHz
fCLOCK = 165 MSPS; fOUT = 21 MHz
fCLOCK = 165 MSPS; fOUT = 41 MHz
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range within a Window
fCLOCK = 25 MSPS; fOUT = 1.00 MHz; 2 MHz Span
fCLOCK = 50 MSPS; fOUT = 5.02 MHz; 2 MHz Span
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 5.03 MHz; 2.5 MHz Span
fCLOCK = 125 MSPS; fOUT = 5.04 MHz; 4 MHz Span
Total Harmonic Distortion
fCLOCK = 25 MSPS; fOUT = 1.00 MHz
fCLOCK = 50 MSPS; fOUT = 2.00 MHz
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 2.00 MHz
fCLOCK = 125 MSPS; fOUT = 2.00 MHz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 5 MHz; IOUTFS = 20 mA
fCLOCK = 65 MSPS; fOUT = 5 MHz; IOUTFS = 5 mA
fCLOCK = 125 MSPS; fOUT = 5 MHz; IOUTFS = 20 mA
fCLOCK = 125 MSPS; fOUT = 5 MHz; IOUTFS = 5 mA
fCLOCK = 165 MSPS; fOUT = 5 MHz; IOUTFS = 20 mA
fCLOCK = 165 MSPS; fOUT = 5 MHz; IOUTFS = 5 mA
Multitone Power Ratio (8 Tones at 400 kHz Spacing)
fCLOCK = 78 MSPS; fOUT = 15.0 MHz to 18.2 MHz
0 dBFS Output
–6 dBFS Output
–12 dBFS Output
–18 dBFS Output
Min
Typ
Max
165
11
1
5
2.5
2.5
50
30
–155
MSPS
ns
ns
pV-s
ns
ns
pA/÷Hz
pA/÷Hz
dBm/Hz
77
90
87
82
82
85
84
80
75
74
73
60
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
84
90
90
87
87
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
–86
–77
–77
–77
–77
Specifications subject to change without notice.
–3–
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
82
88
77
78
70
70
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
66
68
62
61
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
NOTES
1
Measured single-ended into 50 W load.
2
Output noise is measured with a full-scale output set to 20 mA with no conversion activity. It is a measure of the thermal noise only.
3
Noise spectral density is the average noise power normalized to a 1 Hz bandwidth, with the DAC converting and producing an output tone.
REV. A
Unit
AD9744
DIGITAL SPECIFICATIONS
(TMIN to TMAX , AVDD = 3.3 V, DVDD = 3.3 V, CLKVDD = 3.3 V, IOUTFS = 20 mA, unless otherwise noted.)
Parameter
Min
Typ
2.1
3
0
Max
Unit
1
DIGITAL INPUTS
Logic 1 Voltage
Logic 0 Voltage
Logic 1 Current
Logic 0 Current
Input Capacitance
Input Setup Time (tS)
Input Hold Time (tH)
Latch Pulsewidth (tLPW)
2.0
1.5
1.5
CLK INPUTS2
Input Voltage Range
Common-Mode Voltage
Differential Voltage
0
0.75
0.5
0.9
+10
+10
–10
–10
5
3
2.25
1.5
1.5
V
V
mA
mA
pF
ns
ns
ns
V
V
V
NOTES
1
Includes CLOCK pin on SOIC/TSSOP packages and CLK+ pin on LFCSP package in single-ended clock input mode.
2
Applicable to CLK+ and CLK– inputs when configured for differential or PECL clock input mode.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
DB0–DB13
tS
tH
CLOCK
t LPW
t PD
IOUTA
OR
IOUTB
t ST
0.1%
0.1%
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
–4–
REV. A
AD9744
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Parameter
AVDD
DVDD
CLKVDD
ACOM
ACOM
DCOM
AVDD
AVDD
DVDD
CLOCK, SLEEP
Digital Inputs, MODE
IOUTA, IOUTB
REFIO, REFLO, FS ADJ
CLK+, CLK–, CMODE
Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature
Lead Temperature (10 sec)
With
Respect to Min
ACOM
DCOM
CLKCOM
DCOM
CLKCOM
CLKCOM
DVDD
CLKVDD
CLKVDD
DCOM
DCOM
ACOM
ACOM
CLKCOM
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–3.9
–3.9
–3.9
–0.3
–0.3
–1.0
–0.3
–0.3
–65
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS*
Thermal Resistance
Max
Unit
+3.9
+3.9
+3.9
+0.3
+0.3
+0.3
+3.9
+3.9
+3.9
DVDD + 0.3
DVDD + 0.3
AVDD + 0.3
AVDD + 0.3
CLKVDD + 0.3
150
+150
300
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
∞C
∞C
∞C
28-Lead 300-Mil SOIC
JA = 55.9∞C/W
28-Lead TSSOP
JA = 67.7∞C/W
32-Lead LFCSP
JA = 32.5∞C/W
*Thermal impedance measurements were taken on a 4-layer board in still air,
in accordance with EIA/JESD51-7.
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings
for extended periods may effect device reliability.
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
Temperature Range
Package Description
Package Options*
AD9744AR
AD9744ARRL
AD9744ARU
AD9744ARURL7
AD9744ACP
AD9744ACPRL7
AD9744-EB
AD9744ACP-PCB
–40∞C to +85∞C
–40∞C to +85∞C
–40∞C to +85∞C
–40∞C to +85∞C
–40∞C to +85∞C
–40∞C to +85∞C
28-Lead 300-Mil SOIC
28-Lead 300-Mil SOIC
28-Lead TSSOP
28-Lead TSSOP
32-Lead LFCSP
32-Lead LFCSP
Evaluation Board (SOIC)
Evaluation Board (LFCSP)
R-28
R-28
RU-28
RU-28
CP-32
CP-32
*R = Small Outline IC; RU = Thin Shrink Small Outline Package; CP = Lead Frame Chip Scale Package
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the
AD9744 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices
subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended
to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
REV. A
–5–
AD9744
PIN CONFIGURATION
28-Lead SOIC and TSSOP
32 DB8
31 DB9
30 DB10
29 DB11
28 DB12
27 DB13 (MSB)
26 DCOM
25 SLEEP
28 CLOCK
(MSB) DB13 1
DB12 2
27 DVDD
DB11 3
26 DCOM
DB10 4
25 MODE
DB9 5
24 AVDD
DB8 6
32-Lead LFCSP
AD9744
DB7 1
DB6 2
DVDD 3
DB5 4
DB4 5
DB3 6
DB2 7
DB1 8
DB6 8
21 IOUTB
DB5 9
20 ACOM
DB4 10
19 NC
DB3 11
18 FS ADJ
DB2 12
17 REFIO
DB1 13
16 REFLO
(LSB) DB0 14
15 SLEEP
PIN 1
INDICATOR
AD9744
TOP VIEW
24 FS ADJ
23 REFIO
22 ACOM
21 IOUTA
20 IOUTB
19 ACOM
18 AVDD
17 AVDD
(LSB) DB0 9
DCOM 10
CLKVDD 11
CLK 12
CLK 13
CLKCOM 14
CMODE 15
MODE 16
TOP VIEW 23 RESERVED
DB7 7 (Not to Scale) 22 IOUTA
NC = NO CONNECT
NC = NO CONNECT
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
SOIC/TSSOP
Pin No.
LFCSP
Pin No.
Mnemonic
1
2–13
14
15
27
28–32, 1, 2, 4–8
9
25
DB13
DB12–DB1
DB0
SLEEP
16
N/A
17
23
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
24
N/A
19, 22
20
21
N/A
17, 18
16
N/A
15
26
27
28
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10, 26
3
N/A
12
13
11
14
Description
Most Significant Data Bit (MSB).
Data Bits 12–1.
Least Significant Data Bit (LSB).
Power-Down Control Input. Active high. Contains active pull-down circuit;
it may be left unterminated if not used.
REFLO
Reference Ground when Internal 1.2 V Reference Used. Connect to AVDD to
disable internal reference.
REFIO
Reference Input/Output. Serves as reference input when internal reference disabled
(i.e., tie REFLO to AVDD). Serves as 1.2 V reference output when internal
reference activated (i.e., tie REFLO to ACOM). Requires 0.1 mF capacitor to
ACOM when internal reference activated.
FS ADJ
Full-Scale Current Output Adjust.
NC
No Internal Connection.
ACOM
Analog Common.
IOUTB
Complementary DAC Current Output. Full-scale current when all data bits are 0s.
IOUTA
DAC Current Output. Full-scale current when all data bits are 1s.
RESERVED Reserved. Do Not Connect to Common or Supply.
AVDD
Analog Supply Voltage (3.3 V).
MODE
Selects Input Data Format. Connect to DCOM for straight binary, DVDD for
twos complement.
CMODE
Clock Mode Selection. Connect to CLKCOM for single-ended clock receiver
(drive CLK+ and float CLK–). Connect to CLKVDD for differential receiver.
Float for PECL receiver (terminations on-chip).
DCOM
Digital Common.
DVDD
Digital Supply Voltage (3.3 V).
CLOCK
Clock Input. Data latched on positive edge of clock.
CLK+
Differential Clock Input.
CLK–
Differential Clock Input.
CLKVDD
Clock Supply Voltage (3.3 V).
CLKCOM
Clock Common.
–6–
REV. A
AD9744
DEFINITIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
Linearity Error (Also Called Integral Nonlinearity or INL)
Power Supply Rejection
The maximum change in the full-scale output as the supplies
are varied from nominal to minimum and maximum specified
voltages.
Linearity error is defined as the maximum deviation of the
actual analog output from the ideal output, determined by a
straight line drawn from zero to full scale.
Settling Time
DNL is the measure of the variation in analog value, normalized
to full scale, associated with a 1 LSB change in digital input code.
The time required for the output to reach and remain within a
specified error band about its final value, measured from the
start of the output transition.
Monotonicity
Glitch Impulse
A D/A converter is monotonic if the output either increases or
remains constant as the digital input increases.
Asymmetrical switching times in a DAC give rise to undesired
output transients that are quantified by a glitch impulse. It is
specified as the net area of the glitch in pV-s.
Differential Nonlinearity (or DNL)
Offset Error
The deviation of the output current from the ideal of zero is
called the offset error. For IOUTA, 0 mA output is expected
when the inputs are all 0s. For IOUTB, 0 mA output is expected
when all inputs are set to 1s.
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
Gain Error
THD is the ratio of the rms sum of the first six harmonic components to the rms value of the measured input signal. It is expressed
as a percentage or in decibels (dB).
The difference, in dB, between the rms amplitude of the output
signal and the peak spurious signal over the specified bandwidth.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
The difference between the actual and ideal output span. The
actual span is determined by the output when all inputs are set
to 1s minus the output when all inputs are set to 0s.
Multitone Power Ratio
The spurious-free dynamic range containing multiple carrier
tones of equal amplitude. It is measured as the difference between
the rms amplitude of a carrier tone to the peak spurious signal
in the region of a removed tone.
Output Compliance Range
The range of allowable voltage at the output of a current output
DAC. Operation beyond the maximum compliance limits may
cause either output stage saturation or breakdown, resulting in
nonlinear performance.
Temperature Drift
Temperature drift is specified as the maximum change from the
ambient (25∞C) value to the value at either TMIN or TMAX. For
offset and gain drift, the drift is reported in ppm of full-scale
range (FSR) per ∞C. For reference drift, the drift is reported in
ppm per ∞C.
3.3V
REFLO
AVDD
150pF
+1.2V REF
0.1F
REFIO
PMOS
CURRENT SOURCE
ARRAY
FS ADJ
RSET
2k
3.3V
DVDD
DCOM
MINI-CIRCUITS
T1-1T
LSB
SWITCHES
IOUTB
MODE
LATCHES
50
SLEEP
50
RHODE & SCHWARZ
FSEA30
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER
IOUTA
SEGMENTED SWITCHES
FOR DB13–DB5
CLOCK
DVDD
DCOM
ACOM
AD9744
50
RETIMED
CLOCK
OUTPUT*
LECROY 9210
PULSE GENERATOR
CLOCK
OUTPUT
DIGITAL
DATA
TEKTRONIX AWG-2021
WITH OPTION 4
*AWG2021 CLOCK RETIMED
SO THAT THE DIGITAL DATA
TRANSITIONS ON FALLING EDGE
OF 50% DUTY CYCLE CLOCK.
Figure 2. Basic AC Characterization Test Set-Up (SOIC/TSSOP Packages)
REV. A
–7–
AD9744–Typical Performance Characteristics
95
95
95
90
90
90
125MSPS
85
85
165MSPS (LFCSP)
SFDR (dBc)
70
125MSPS (LFCSP)
65
0dBFS
–12dBFS
70
65
75
60
55
55
50
50
50
45
45
10
fOUT (MHz)
100
5
10
15
20
25
95
85
90
–12dBFS (LFCSP)
SFDR (dBc)
70
65
60
–12dBFS
85
80
80
75
10mA
35
40
45
70
5mA
65
65MSPS
125MSPS
70
165MSPS
65
55
50
50
45
45
40
30
fOUT (MHz)
50
60
0
5
10
15
20
45
–25
25
–20
fOUT (MHz)
TPC 4. SFDR vs. fOUT @ 165 MSPS
–10
65MSPS (8.3,10.3)
90
65MSPS
75
80
20mA SOIC
SNR (dB)
70
65
80
65
10mA LFCSP
10mA SOIC
5mA SOIC
60
165MSPS
125MSPS
75
78MSPS (10.1, 12.1)
70
125MSPS (16.9, 18.9)
65
60
5mA LFCSP
55
165MSPS (22.6, 24.6)
85
70
75
0
95
20mA LFCSP
125MSPS (LFCSP)
–5
TPC 6. Single-Tone SFDR vs. AOUT
@ fOUT = fCLOCK/11
80
165MSPS (LFCSP)
–15
AOUT (dBFS)
TPC 5. SFDR vs. fOUT and IOUTFS
@ 65 MSPS and 0 dBFS
95
55
55
50
45
–25
30
0dBFS (LFCSP)
–6dBFS
60
25
75
50
85
20
90
85
60
90
15
95
55
0dBFS
55
20
10
TPC 3. SFDR vs. fOUT @ 125 MSPS
60
10
5
20mA
–6dBFS (LFCSP)
80
0
0
fOUT (MHz)
TPC 2. SFDR vs. fOUT @ 65 MSPS
90
65
0dBFS
fOUT (MHz)
TPC 1. SFDR vs. fOUT @ 0 dBFS
75
45
0
SFDR (dBc)
1
–12dBFS
65
60
165MSPS
–6dBFS
70
55
60
SFDR (dBc)
75
80
SFDR (dBc)
SFDR (dBc)
65MSPS
75
SFDR (dBc)
–6dBFS
80
80
SFDR (dBc)
85
50
–20
–15
–10
AOUT (dBFS)
–5
TPC 7. Single-Tone SFDR vs. AOUT
@ fOUT = fCLOCK/5
0
50
25
45
65
105 125
fCLOCK (MSPS)
85
145
TPC 8. SNR vs. fCLOCK and IOUTFS
@ fOUT = 5 MHz and 0 dBFS
–8–
165
45
–25
–20
–15
–10
–5
0
AOUT (dBFS)
TPC 9. Dual-Tone IMD vs. AOUT
@ fOUT = fCLOCK/7
REV. A
AD9744
0.5
ERROR (LSB)
0
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
0
4096
8192
12288
16384
95
0.8
90
0.6
85
0.4
80
0.2
0
–0.2
55
MAGNITUDE (dBm)
SFDR = 79dBc
AMPLITUDE = 0dBFS
50
–1.0
45
–40
0
4096
8192
CODE
12288
16384
MAGNITUDE (dBm)
–40
–50
–60
–70
0
–20
–30
SFDR = 77dBc
AMPLITUDE = 0dBFS
–40
–50
–60
–70
–30
–40
–70
–90
–100
–100
21
26
31
36
–20
1
6
11
16
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
–90
C12
–100
C0
C12
C11
C0
C11
–110
CU1
CU1
CU2
–120
CENTER 33.22MHz
3MHz
CU2
SPAN 30MHz
TPC 16. Two-Carrier UMTS
Spectrum (ACLR = 64 dB)
REV. A
21
26
31
TPC 14. Dual-Tone SFDR
–39.01dBm
29.38000000MHz
CH PWR –19.26dBm
ACP UP –64.98dB
ACP LOW +0.55dB
ALT1 UP –66.26dB
ALT1 LOW –64.23dB
–30
MAGNITUDE (dBm)
–80
FREQUENCY (MHz)
TPC 13. Single-Tone SFDR
80
–60
–100
16
60
SFDR = 75dBc
AMPLITUDE = 0dBFS
–50
–90
FREQUENCY (MHz)
40
fCLOCK = 78MSPS
fOUT1 = 15.0MHz
fOUT2 = 15.4MHz
fOUT3 = 15.8MHz
fOUT4 = 16.2MHz
–20
–90
11
20
–10
–80
6
0
TPC 12. SFDR vs. Temperature
@ 165 MSPS, 0 dBFS
–80
1
–20
TEMPERATURE (C)
fCLOCK = 78MSPS
fOUT1 = 15.0MHz
fOUT2 = 15.4MHz
–10
–30
49MHz
–0.8
0
–20
65
–0.6
TPC 11. Typical DNL
fCLOCK = 78MSPS
fOUT = 15.0MHz
19MHz
34MHz
TPC 10. Typical INL
0
75
60
CODE
–10
4MHz
70
–0.4
MAGNITUDE (dBm)
ERROR (LSB)
1.0
1.0
SFDR (dBc)
1.5
–9–
36
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
FREQUENCY (MHz)
TPC 15. Four-Tone SFDR
36
AD9744
3.3V
REFLO
+1.2V REF
VREFIO
RSET
2k
3.3V
PMOS
CURRENT SOURCE
ARRAY
FS ADJ
DVDD
DCOM
CLOCK
ACOM
AD9744
REFIO
IREF
0.1F
AVDD
150pF
CLOCK
VDIFF = VOUTA – VOUTB
IOUTA
IOUTA
LSB
SWITCHES
SEGMENTED SWITCHES
FOR DB13–DB5
IOUTB
IOUTB
RLOAD
50
MODE
LATCHES
VOUTA
VOUTB
SLEEP
RLOAD
50
DIGITAL DATA INPUTS (DB13–DB0)
Figure 3. Simplified Block Diagram (SOIC/TSSOP Packages)
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
REFERENCE OPERATION
Figure 3 shows a simplified block diagram of the AD9744. The
AD9744 consists of a DAC, digital control logic, and full-scale
output current control. The DAC contains a PMOS current
source array capable of providing up to 20 mA of full-scale
current (IOUTFS). The array is divided into 31 equal currents
that make up the five most significant bits (MSBs). The next
four bits, or middle bits, consist of 15 equal current sources
whose value is 1/16th of an MSB current source. The remaining
LSBs are binary weighted fractions of the middle bits current
sources. Implementing the middle and lower bits with current
sources, instead of an R-2R ladder, enhances its dynamic performance for multitone or low amplitude signals and helps
maintain the DAC’s high output impedance (i.e., >100 kW).
The AD9744 contains an internal 1.2 V band gap reference. The
internal reference can be disabled by raising REFLO to AVDD.
It can also be easily overridden by an external reference with no
effect on performance. REFIO serves as either an input or an
output depending on whether the internal or an external reference
is used. To use the internal reference, simply decouple the REFIO
pin to ACOM with a 0.1 mF capacitor and connect REFLO to
ACOM via a resistance less than 5 W. The internal reference voltage will be present at REFIO. If the voltage at REFIO is to be
used anywhere else in the circuit, an external buffer amplifier with
an input bias current of less than 100 nA should be used. An
example of the use of the internal reference is shown in Figure 4.
3.3V
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
REF BUFFER
All of these current sources are switched to one or the other of
the two output nodes (i.e., IOUTA or IOUTB) via PMOS
differential current switches. The switches are based on the
architecture that was pioneered in the AD9764 family, with
further refinements to reduce distortion contributed by the
switching transient. This switch architecture also reduces various timing errors and provides matching complementary drive
signals to the inputs of the differential current switches.
AVDD
150pF
REFIO
ADDITIONAL
LOAD
0.1F
2k
The analog and digital sections of the AD9744 have separate
power supply inputs (i.e., AVDD and DVDD) that can operate
independently over a 2.7 V to 3.6 V range. The digital section,
which is capable of operating at a rate of up to 165 MSPS, consists
of edge-triggered latches and segment decoding logic circuitry.
The analog section includes the PMOS current sources, the associated differential switches, a 1.2 V band gap voltage reference,
and a reference control amplifier.
The DAC full-scale output current is regulated by the reference
control amplifier and can be set from 2 mA to 20 mA via an
external resistor, RSET, connected to the full-scale adjust (FS ADJ)
pin. The external resistor, in combination with both the reference control amplifier and voltage reference VREFIO, sets the
reference current IREF, which is replicated to the segmented
current sources with the proper scaling factor. The full-scale
current, IOUTFS, is 32 times IREF.
REFLO
+1.2V REF
CURRENT
SOURCE
ARRAY
FS ADJ
AD9744
Figure 4. Internal Reference Configuration
An external reference can be applied to REFIO, as shown in
Figure 5. The external reference may provide either a fixed
reference voltage to enhance accuracy and drift performance or
a varying reference voltage for gain control. Note that the 0.1 mF
compensation capacitor is not required since the internal reference is overridden, and the relatively high input impedance of
REFIO minimizes any loading of the external reference.
3.3V
REFLO
AVDD
AVDD
150pF
+1.2V REF
VREFIO
EXTERNAL
REF
REFIO
FS ADJ
RSET
I REF =
VREFIO /R SET
AD9744
CURRENT
SOURCE
ARRAY
REFERENCE
CONTROL
AMPLIFIER
Figure 5. External Reference Configuration
–10–
REV. A
AD9744
REFERENCE CONTROL AMPLIFIER
The AD9744 contains a control amplifier that is used to regulate the full-scale output current, IOUTFS. The control amplifier
is configured as a V-I converter, as shown in Figure 4, so that its
current output, IREF, is determined by the ratio of the VREFIO
and an external resistor, RSET, as stated in Equation 4. IREF is
copied to the segmented current sources with the proper scale
factor to set IOUTFS, as stated in Equation 3.
The control amplifier allows a wide (10:1) adjustment span of
IOUTFS over a 2 mA to 20 mA range by setting IREF between
62.5 mA and 625 mA. The wide adjustment span of IOUTFS provides several benefits. The first relates directly to the power
dissipation of the AD9744, which is proportional to IOUTFS
(refer to the Power Dissipation section). The second relates to
the 20 dB adjustment, which is useful for system gain control
purposes.
The small signal bandwidth of the reference control amplifier is
approximately 500 kHz and can be used for low frequency small
signal multiplying applications.
DAC TRANSFER FUNCTION
Both DACs in the AD9744 provide complementary current
outputs, IOUTA and IOUTB. IOUTA provides a near fullscale current output, IOUTFS, when all bits are high (i.e., DAC
CODE = 16383), while IOUTB, the complementary output,
provides no current. The current output appearing at IOUTA
and IOUTB is a function of both the input code and IOUTFS and
can be expressed as
IOUTA = (DAC CODE / 16384) ¥ IOUTFS
IOUTB = (16383 – DAC CODE ) / 16384 ¥ IOUTFS
(1)
(2)
where DAC CODE = 0 to 16383 (i.e., decimal representation).
As mentioned previously, IOUTFS is a function of the reference
current IREF, which is nominally set by a reference voltage,
VREFIO, and external resistor, RSET. It can be expressed as
IOUTFS = 32 ¥ IREF
(3)
where
IREF = VREFIO / RSET
(4)
The two current outputs will typically drive a resistive load
directly or via a transformer. If dc coupling is required, IOUTA
and IOUTB should be directly connected to matching resistive
loads, RLOAD, that are tied to analog common, ACOM. Note
that RLOAD may represent the equivalent load resistance seen by
IOUTA or IOUTB as would be the case in a doubly terminated
50 W or 75 W cable. The single-ended voltage output appearing
at the IOUTA and IOUTB nodes is simply
(5)
VOUTB = IOUTB ¥ RLOAD
(6)
Note that the full-scale value of VOUTA and VOUTB should not
exceed the specified output compliance range to maintain specified distortion and linearity performance.
REV. A
{
}
VDIFF = (2 ¥ DAC CODE – 16383) / 16384
(32 ¥ RLOAD / RSET ) ¥VREFIO
(8)
Equations 7 and 8 highlight some of the advantages of operating
the AD9744 differentially. First, the differential operation helps
cancel common-mode error sources associated with IOUTA and
IOUTB, such as noise, distortion, and dc offsets. Second, the
differential code dependent current and subsequent voltage, VDIFF,
is twice the value of the single-ended voltage output (i.e., VOUTA
or VOUTB), thus providing twice the signal power to the load.
Note that the gain drift temperature performance for a singleended (VOUTA and VOUTB) or differential output (VDIFF) of the
AD9744 can be enhanced by selecting temperature tracking
resistors for RLOAD and RSET due to their ratiometric relationship, as shown in Equation 8.
ANALOG OUTPUTS
The complementary current outputs in each DAC, IOUTA,
and IOUTB may be configured for single-ended or differential
operation. IOUTA and IOUTB can be converted into complementary single-ended voltage outputs, VOUTA and VOUTB, via a
load resistor, RLOAD, as described in the DAC Transfer Function section by Equations 5 through 8. The differential voltage,
VDIFF, existing between VOUTA and VOUTB, can also be converted to a single-ended voltage via a transformer or differential
amplifier configuration. The ac performance of the AD9744 is
optimum and specified using a differential transformer-coupled
output in which the voltage swing at IOUTA and IOUTB is
limited to ± 0.5 V.
The distortion and noise performance of the AD9744 can be
enhanced when it is configured for differential operation. The
common-mode error sources of both IOUTA and IOUTB can
be significantly reduced by the common-mode rejection of a
transformer or differential amplifier. These common-mode error
sources include even-order distortion products and noise. The
enhancement in distortion performance becomes more significant as the frequency content of the reconstructed waveform
increases and/or its amplitude decreases. This is due to the first
order cancellation of various dynamic common-mode distortion
mechanisms, digital feedthrough, and noise.
Performing a differential-to-single-ended conversion via a transformer also provides the ability to deliver twice the reconstructed
signal power to the load (assuming no source termination).
Since the output currents of IOUTA and IOUTB are complementary, they become additive when processed differentially. A
properly selected transformer will allow the AD9744 to provide
the required power and voltage levels to different loads.
VOUTA = IOUTA ¥ RLOAD
VDIFF = (IOUTA – IOUTB) ¥ RLOAD
Substituting the values of IOUTA, IOUTB, IREF, and VDIFF can
be expressed as
(7)
The output impedance of IOUTA and IOUTB is determined by
the equivalent parallel combination of the PMOS switches associated with the current sources and is typically 100 kW in parallel
with 5 pF. It is also slightly dependent on the output voltage
(i.e., VOUTA and VOUTB) due to the nature of a PMOS device.
As a result, maintaining IOUTA and/or IOUTB at a virtual
ground via an I-V op amp configuration will result in the optimum dc linearity. Note that the INL/DNL specifications for the
AD9744 are measured with IOUTA maintained at a virtual
ground via an op amp.
–11–
AD9744
IOUTA and IOUTB also have a negative and positive voltage
compliance range that must be adhered to in order to achieve
optimum performance. The negative output compliance range
of –1 V is set by the breakdown limits of the CMOS process.
Operation beyond this maximum limit may result in a breakdown
of the output stage and affect the reliability of the AD9744.
LFCSP Package
A configurable clock input is available in the LFCSP package,
which allows for one single-ended and two differential modes. The
mode selection is controlled by the CMODE input, as summarized in Table I. Connecting CMODE to CLKCOM selects the
single-ended clock input. In this mode, the CLK+ input is driven
with rail-to-rail swings and the CLK– input is left floating. If
CMODE is connected to CLKVDD, the differential receiver
mode is selected. In this mode, both inputs are high impedance.
The final mode is selected by floating CMODE. This mode is
also differential, but internal terminations for positive emittercoupled logic (PECL) are activated. There is no significant
performance difference among any of the three clock input modes.
The positive output compliance range is slightly dependent on the
full-scale output current, IOUTFS. It degrades slightly from its
nominal 1.2 V for an IOUTFS = 20 mA to 1 V for an IOUTFS =
2 mA. The optimum distortion performance for a singleended or differential output is achieved when the maximum
full-scale signal at IOUTA and IOUTB does not exceed 0.5 V.
DIGITAL INPUTS
Table I. Clock Mode Selection
The AD9744 digital section consists of 14 input bit channels
and a clock input. The 14-bit parallel data inputs follow standard positive binary coding, where DB13 is the most significant
bit (MSB) and DB0 is the least significant bit (LSB). IOUTA
produces a full-scale output current when all data bits are at
Logic 1. IOUTB produces a complementary output with the
full-scale current split between the two outputs as a function of
the input code.
CMODE Pin
Clock Input Mode
CLKCOM
CLKVDD
Float
Single-Ended
Differential
PECL
The single-ended input mode operates in the same way as the
CLOCK input in the 28-lead packages, as described previously.
In the differential input mode, the clock input functions as a
high impedance differential pair. The common-mode level of
the CLK+ and CLK– inputs can vary from 0.75 V to 2.25 V,
and the differential voltage can be as low as 0.5 V p-p. This mode
can be used to drive the clock with a differential sine wave since
the high gain bandwidth of the differential inputs will convert
the sine wave into a single-ended square wave internally.
DVDD
DIGITAL
INPUT
The final clock mode allows for a reduced external component
count when the DAC clock is distributed on the board using
PECL logic. The internal termination configuration is shown in
Figure 7. These termination resistors are untrimmed and can
vary up to ± 20%. However, matching between the resistors
should generally be better than ± 1%
Figure 6. Equivalent Digital Input
The digital interface is implemented using an edge-triggered
master/slave latch. The DAC output updates on the rising edge
of the clock and is designed to support a clock rate as high as
165 MSPS. The clock can be operated at any duty cycle that
meets the specified latch pulsewidth. The setup and hold times
can also be varied within the clock cycle as long as the specified
minimum times are met, although the location of these transition
edges may affect digital feedthrough and distortion performance.
Best performance is typically achieved when the input data
transitions on the falling edge of a 50% duty cycle clock.
AD9744
CLK+
CLOCK
RECEIVER
CLK–
50⍀
CLOCK INPUT
SOIC/TSSOP Packages
TO DAC CORE
50⍀
VTT = 1.3V NOM
The 28-lead package options have a single-ended clock input
(CLOCK) that must be driven to rail-to-rail CMOS levels. The
quality of the DAC output is directly related to the clock quality, and jitter is a key concern. Any noise or jitter in the clock
will translate directly into the DAC output. Optimal performance will be achieved if the CLOCK input has a sharp rising
edge, since the DAC latches are positive edge triggered.
Figure 7. Clock Termination in PECL Mode
DAC TIMING
Input Clock and Data Timing Relationship
Dynamic performance in a DAC is dependent on the relationship between the position of the clock edges and the time at
–12–
REV. A
AD9744
which the input data changes. The AD9744 is rising edge triggered,
and so exhibits dynamic performance sensitivity when the data
transition is close to this edge. In general, the goal when applying the AD9744 is to make the data transition close to the falling
clock edge. This becomes more important as the sample rate
increases. Figure 8 shows the relationship of SFDR to clock
placement with different sample rates. Note that at the lower
sample rates, more tolerance is allowed in clock placement, while
at higher rates, more care must be taken.
35
30
IAVDD (mA)
25
20
15
75
10
70
0
65
60
dB
2
6
8
10
12
IOUTFS (mA)
14
16
18
20
Figure 9. IAVDD vs. IOUTFS
55
50MHz SFDR
16
50
14
45
165MSPS
12
40
50MHz SFDR
–2
–1
0
ns
1
2
3
Figure 8. SFDR vs. Clock Placement @ fOUT = 20 MHz
and 50 MHz
125MSPS
10
IDVDD (mA)
35
–3
4
20MHz SFDR
8
6
65MSPS
4
Sleep Mode Operation
The AD9744 has a power-down function that turns off the
output current and reduces the supply current to less than 6 mA
over the specified supply range of 2.7 V to 3.6 V and temperature range. This mode can be activated by applying a logic level
1 to the SLEEP pin. The SLEEP pin logic threshold is equal to
0.5 ¥ AVDD. This digital input also contains an active pulldown circuit that ensures that the AD9744 remains enabled if
this input is left disconnected. The AD9744 takes less than
50 ns to power down and approximately 5 ms to power back up.
2
0
0.01
0.1
RATIO ( f OUT / f CLOCK)
1
Figure 10. IDVDD vs. Ratio @ DVDD = 3.3 V
10
9
8
DIFF
POWER DISSIPATION
7
The power dissipation, PD, of the AD9744 is dependent on
several factors that include:
ICLKVDD (mA)
∑
∑
∑
∑
PECL
The power supply voltages (AVDD, CLKVDD, and DVDD)
The full-scale current output IOUTFS
The update rate fCLOCK
The reconstructed digital input waveform
SE
5
4
3
2
The power dissipation is directly proportional to the analog
supply current, IAVDD, and the digital supply current, IDVDD.
IAVDD is directly proportional to IOUTFS, as shown in Figure 9,
and is insensitive to fCLOCK. Conversely, IDVDD is dependent on
both the digital input waveform, fCLOCK, and digital supply
DVDD. Figure 10 shows IDVDD as a function of full-scale sine
wave output ratios (fOUT/fCLOCK) for various update rates with
DVDD = 3.3 V.
REV. A
6
–13–
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
fCLOCK (MSPS)
Figure 11. ICLKVDD vs. fCLOCK and Clock Mode
AD9744
APPLYING THE AD9744
Output Configurations
DIFFERENTIAL COUPLING USING AN OP AMP
The following sections illustrate some typical output configurations for the AD9744. Unless otherwise noted, it is assumed
that IOUTFS is set to a nominal 20 mA. For applications requiring the optimum dynamic performance, a differential output
configuration is suggested. A differential output configuration
may consist of either an RF transformer or a differential op amp
configuration. The transformer configuration provides the optimum high frequency performance and is recommended for any
application that allows ac coupling. The differential op amp
configuration is suitable for applications requiring dc coupling,
a bipolar output, signal gain, and/or level shifting within the
bandwidth of the chosen op amp.
A single-ended output is suitable for applications requiring a
unipolar voltage output. A positive unipolar output voltage will
result if IOUTA and/or IOUTB is connected to an appropriately
sized load resistor, RLOAD, referred to ACOM. This configuration may be more suitable for a single-supply system requiring a
dc-coupled, ground referred output voltage. Alternatively, an
amplifier could be configured as an I-V converter, thus converting IOUTA or IOUTB into a negative unipolar voltage. This
configuration provides the best dc linearity since IOUTA or
IOUTB is maintained at a virtual ground.
225
AD8047
225
IOUTB 21
COPT
500
25
25
Figure 13. DC Differential Coupling Using an Op Amp
An RF transformer can be used to perform a differential-to-singleended signal conversion, as shown in Figure 12. A differentially
coupled transformer output provides the optimum distortion
performance for output signals whose spectral content lies within
the transformer’s pass band. An RF transformer, such as the
Mini-Circuits T1–1T, provides excellent rejection of commonmode distortion (i.e., even-order harmonics) and noise over a
wide frequency range. It also provides electrical isolation and the
ability to deliver twice the power to the load. Transformers with
different impedance ratios may also be used for impedance matching purposes. Note that the transformer provides ac coupling only.
MINI-CIRCUITS
T1-1T
500
AD9744
IOUTA 22
DIFFERENTIAL COUPLING USING A TRANSFORMER
IOUTA 22
An op amp can also be used to perform a differential-to-singleended conversion, as shown in Figure 13. The AD9744 is
configured with two equal load resistors, RLOAD, of 25 W. The
differential voltage developed across IOUTA and IOUTB is converted to a single-ended signal via the differential op amp configuration.
An optional capacitor can be installed across IOUTA and IOUTB,
forming a real pole in a low-pass filter. The addition of this
capacitor also enhances the op amp’s distortion performance by
preventing the DAC’s high slewing output from overloading the
op amp’s input.
The common-mode rejection of this configuration is typically
determined by the resistor matching. In this circuit, the differential op amp circuit using the AD8047 is configured to provide
some additional signal gain. The op amp must operate off a dual
supply since its output is approximately ± 1 V. A high speed
amplifier capable of preserving the differential performance of the
AD9744 while meeting other system level objectives (e.g., cost
or power) should be selected. The op amp’s differential gain, gain
setting resistor values, and full-scale output swing capabilities
should all be considered when optimizing this circuit.
The differential circuit shown in Figure 14 provides the necessary level shifting required in a single-supply system. In this case,
AVDD, which is the positive analog supply for both the AD9744
and the op amp, is also used to level-shift the differential output
of the AD9744 to midsupply (i.e., AVDD/2). The AD8041 is a
suitable op amp for this application.
500
AD9744
RLOAD
AD9744
225
IOUTA 22
IOUTB 21
OPTIONAL RDIFF
AD8041
225
IOUTB 21
COPT
1k
Figure 12. Differential Output Using a Transformer
The center tap on the primary side of the transformer must be
connected to ACOM to provide the necessary dc current path
for both IOUTA and IOUTB. The complementary voltages
appearing at IOUTA and IOUTB (i.e., VOUTA and VOUTB)
swing symmetrically around ACOM and should be maintained
with the specified output compliance range of the AD9744. A
differential resistor, RDIFF, may be inserted in applications where
the output of the transformer is connected to the load, RLOAD,
via a passive reconstruction filter or cable. RDIFF is determined
by the transformer’s impedance ratio and provides the proper
source termination that results in a low VSWR. Note that approximately half the signal power will be dissipated across RDIFF.
AVDD
25
25
1k
Figure 14. Single Supply DC Differential Coupled Circuit
SINGLE-ENDED UNBUFFERED VOLTAGE OUTPUT
Figure 15 shows the AD9744 configured to provide a unipolar
output range of approximately 0 V to 0.5 V for a doubly terminated 50 W cable since the nominal full-scale current, IOUTFS, of
20 mA flows through the equivalent RLOAD of 25 W. In this case,
RLOAD represents the equivalent load resistance seen by IOUTA
or IOUTB. The unused output (IOUTA or IOUTB) can be
connected to ACOM directly or via a matching RLOAD. Different
–14–
REV. A
AD9744
values of IOUTFS and RLOAD can be selected as long as the positive
compliance range is adhered to. One additional consideration in
this mode is the integral nonlinearity (INL), discussed in the
Analog Output section. For optimum INL performance, the
single-ended, buffered voltage output configuration is suggested.
AD9744
IOUTFS = 20mA
VOUTA = 0V TO 0.5V
IOUTA 22
50
This is referred to as the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR).
For dc variations of the power supply, the resulting performance
of the DAC directly corresponds to a gain error associated
with the DAC’s full-scale current, IOUTFS. AC noise on the dc
supplies is common in applications where the power distribution
is generated by a switching power supply. Typically, switching
power supply noise will occur over the spectrum from tens of
kHz to several MHz. The PSRR versus frequency of the AD9744
AVDD supply over this frequency range is shown in Figure 17.
50
IOUTB 21
85
25
80
75
Figure 15. 0 V to 0.5 V Unbuffered Voltage Output
PSRR (dB)
70
SINGLE-ENDED, BUFFERED VOLTAGE OUTPUT
CONFIGURATION
Figure 16 shows a buffered single-ended output configuration in
which the op amp U1 performs an I-V conversion on the AD9744
output current. U1 maintains IOUTA (or IOUTB) at a virtual
ground, minimizing the nonlinear output impedance effect on
the DAC’s INL performance as described in the Analog Output
section. Although this single-ended configuration typically provides
the best dc linearity performance, its ac distortion performance
at higher DAC update rates may be limited by U1’s slew rate
capabilities. U1 provides a negative unipolar output voltage, and
its full-scale output voltage is simply the product of RFB and
IOUTFS. The full-scale output should be set within U1’s voltage
output swing capabilities by scaling IOUTFS and/or RFB. An
improvement in ac distortion performance may result with a
reduced IOUTFS since the signal current U1 will be required to
sink less signal current.
COPT
RFB
200
AD9744
IOUTFS = 10mA
IOUTA 22
U1
VOUT = IOUTFS R FB
IOUTB 21
200
Figure 16. Unipolar Buffered Voltage Output
POWER AND GROUNDING CONSIDERATIONS, POWER
SUPPLY REJECTION
Many applications seek high speed and high performance under
less than ideal operating conditions. In these application circuits,
the implementation and construction of the printed circuit board
is as important as the circuit design. Proper RF techniques must
be used for device selection, placement, and routing as well as
power supply bypassing and grounding to ensure optimum performance. Figures 21 to 24 illustrate the recommended printed
circuit board ground, power, and signal plane layouts implemented
on the AD9744 evaluation board.
One factor that can measurably affect system performance is the
ability of the DAC output to reject dc variations or ac noise
superimposed on the analog or digital dc power distribution.
REV. A
65
60
55
50
45
40
0
2
6
4
8
FREQUENCY (MHz)
10
12
Figure 17. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)
Note that the ratio in Figure 17 is calculated as amps out/volts in.
Noise on the analog power supply has the effect of modulating
the internal switches, and therefore the output current. The
voltage noise on AVDD, therefore, will be added in a nonlinear
manner to the desired IOUT. Due to the relative different size
of these switches, the PSRR is very code dependent. This can
produce a mixing effect that can modulate low frequency power
supply noise to higher frequencies. Worst-case PSRR for either
one of the differential DAC outputs will occur when the full-scale
current is directed toward that output. As a result, the PSRR
measurement in Figure 17 represents a worst-case condition in
which the digital inputs remain static and the full-scale output
current of 20 mA is directed to the DAC output being measured.
An example serves to illustrate the effect of supply noise on the
analog supply. Suppose a switching regulator with a switching frequency of 250 kHz produces 10 mV of noise and, for
simplicity’s sake (ignoring harmonics), all of this noise is concentrated at 250 kHz. To calculate how much of this undesired
noise will appear as current noise superimposed on the DAC’s
full-scale current, IOUTFS, one must determine the PSRR in dB
using Figure 17 at 250 kHz. To calculate the PSRR for a given
RLOAD, such that the units of PSRR are converted from A/V to
V/V, adjust the curve in Figure 17 by the scaling factor 20 ¥ log
(RLOAD). For instance, if RLOAD is 50 W, the PSRR is reduced by
34 dB (i.e., PSRR of the DAC at 250 kHz, which is 85 dB in
Figure 17, becomes 51 dB VOUT/VIN).
Proper grounding and decoupling should be a primary objective in any high speed, high resolution system. The AD9744
features separate analog and digital supplies and ground pins to
optimize the management of analog and digital ground currents
in a system. In general, AVDD, the analog supply, should be
decoupled to ACOM, the analog common, as close to the chip
–15–
AD9744
as physically possible. Similarly, DVDD, the digital supply, should
be decoupled to DCOM as close to the chip as physically possible.
EVALUATION BOARD
General Description
For those applications that require a single 3.3 V supply for both
the analog and digital supplies, a clean analog supply may be
generated using the circuit shown in Figure 18. The circuit
consists of a differential LC filter with separate power supply
and return lines. Lower noise can be attained by using low ESR
type electrolytic and tantalum capacitors.
The TxDAC family evaluation boards allow for easy setup and
testing of any TxDAC product in the SOIC and LFCSP
packages. Careful attention to layout and circuit design, combined with a prototyping area, allows the user to evaluate the
AD9744 easily and effectively in any application where high
resolution, high speed conversion is required.
This board allows the user the flexibility to operate the AD9744
in various configurations. Possible output configurations include
transformer coupled, resistor terminated, and single and differential outputs. The digital inputs are designed to be driven from
various word generators, with the on-board option to add a
resistor network for proper load termination. Provisions are also
made to operate the AD9744 with either the internal or external
reference or to exercise the power-down feature.
FERRITE
BEADS
AVDD
TTL/CMOS
LOGIC
CIRCUITS
100F
ELECT.
10F–22F
TANT.
0.1F
CER.
ACOM
3.3V
POWER SUPPLY
Figure 18. Differential LC Filter for Single 3.3 V Applications
22 9
RP6
OPT
9 R8
10 R9
8 R7
7 R6
6 R5
5 R4
4 R3
3 R2
CKEXT
R9 10
22 10
8 RP4
9
22 11
7 RP4
R8
22 12
6 RP4
8
22 13
5 RP4
R7
22 14
4 RP4
7
22 15
3 RP4
R6
22 16
2 RP4
6
22 9
1 RP4
R5
22 10
8 RP3
5
22 11
7 RP3
R4
22 12
6 RP3
4
22 13
5 RP3
R3
4 RP3
RP1
OPT
DB13
DB12
DB11
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
3
22 14
R2
22 15
3 RP3
2 R1
1 DCOM
22 16
2 RP3
1
R9 10
9
R8
8
R7
7
R6
6
R5
5
R4
3
4
R3
RED
TP2
R2
1
BEAD
DCOM
L2
2
CKEXTX
RIBBON
1 RP3
2
9 R8
10 R9
8 R7
7 R6
6 R5
5 R4
4 R3
DB13X
DB12X
DB11X
DB10X
DB9X
DB8X
DB7X
DB6X
DB5X
DB4X
DB3X
DB2X
DB1X
DB0X
R1
CKEXTX
RP5
OPT
DCOM
JP3
3 R2
DB13X
DB12X
DB11X
DB10X
DB9X
DB8X
DB7X
DB6X
DB5X
DB4X
DB3X
DB2X
DB1X
DB0X
2 R1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
R1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
1 DCOM
J1
RP2
OPT
DVDD
TB1 1
C7
0.1F
BLK
TP4
+ C4
10F
25V
C6
0.1F
BLK
TP7
BLK
TP8
TB1 2
L3
BEAD
RED
TP5
AVDD
TB1 3
C9
0.1F
BLK
TP6
+ C5
10F
25V
C8
0.1F
BLK
TP10
BLK
TP9
TB1 4
Figure 19. SOIC Evaluation Board—Power Supply and Digital Inputs
–16–
REV. A
AD9744
AVDD
+ C14
10F
16V
C16
0.1F
CUT
UNDER DUT
C17
0.1F
JP6
DVDD
+ C15
10F
16V
C18
0.1F
DVDD
C19
0.1F
R5
OPT
CKEXT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
DB13
DB12
DB11
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
CLOCK
DVDD
DCOM
MODE
AVDD
RESERVED
IOUTA
U1
AD9744 IOUTB
ACOM
NC
FS ADJ
REFIO
REFLO
SLEEP
2
A B
3
1
EXT JP5 INT
REF
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
CLOCK
TP1
WHT
R11
50
DVDD
R4
50
R2
10k
C13
OPT
DVDD
JP8
JP2
IOUT
MODE
AVDD
3
T1
6
1
T1-1T
REF
R1
2k
TP3
WHT
C1
0.1F
C2
0.1F
C12
OPT
C11
0.1F AVDD
SLEEP
TP11
WHT
R10
50
S1
IOUTB
IY
1
2
A B
3
JP11
Figure 20. SOIC Evaluation Board—Output Signal Conditioning
–17–
4
5
2
R6
OPT
R3
10k
REV. A
3
S5
JP4
AVDD
JP10
A B
2
S2
IOUTA
CLOCK
DB13
DB12
DB11
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
1
IX
JP9
S3
AD9744
Figure 21. SOIC Evaluation Board–Primary Side
Figure 22. SOIC Evaluation Board—Secondary Side
–18–
REV. A
AD9744
Figure 23. SOIC Evaluation Board–Ground Plane
Figure 24. SOIC Evaluation Board—Power Plane
REV. A
–19–
AD9744
Figure 25. SOIC Evaluation Board Assembly—Primary Side
Figure 26. SOIC Evaluation Board Assembly—Secondary Side
–20–
REV. A
AD9744
RED
TP12
TB1
CVDD
1
C3
0.1F
TB1
BLK
C2
10F
6.3V
TP2
C10
0.1F
2
2
4
1
3
6
5
8
7
DB10X
10
9
DB9X
11
DB8X
13
DB7X
15
DB6X
17
DB5X
19
DB4X
21
DB3X
23
DB2X
25
DB1X
27
DB0X
12
L2 BEAD
TB3
16
DVDD
1
C7
0.1F
18
20
BLK
C6
0.1F
C4
10F
6.3V
TP4
TB3
14
RED
TP13
22
24
26
2
28
RED
TP5
L3 BEAD
TB4
32
AVDD
1
C9
0.1F
BLK
34
36
C8
0.1F
C5
10F
6.3V
TP6
TB4
30
HEADER STRAIGHT UP MALE NO SHROUD
L1 BEAD
DB12X
DB11X
29
31
33
JP3
35
J1
R3
100
R4
100
R15
100
R16
100
R17
100
R18
100
R19
100
DB13X
DB12X
DB11X
DB10X
DB9X
DB8X
DB7X
DB6X
DB5X
DB4X
DB3X
DB2X
DB1X
DB0X
CKEXTX
R21
100
R24
100
R25
100
R26
100
R27
100
R20
100
1 RP3
22 16
2 RP3
22 15
3 RP3
22 14
4 RP3
22 13
5 RP3
22 12
6 RP3
7 RP3
22 11
22 10
8 RP3
22 9
1 RP4
22 16
2 RP4
22 15
3 RP4
22 14
4 RP4
22 13
5 RP4
22 12
6 RP4
7 RP4
22 11
22 10
8 RP4
22 9
R28
100
Figure 27. LFCSP Evaluation Board Schematic—Power Supply and Digital Inputs
REV. A
CKEXTX
37
39
38
40
2
DB13X
–21–
DB13
DB12
DB11
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
CKEXT
AD9744
DVDD
AVDD
SLEEP
TP11
WHT
CVDD
C17
0.1F
C19
0.1F
C32
0.1F
R29
10k⍀
DB7
DB6
DVDD
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
CVDD
CLK
CLKB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
CMODE
16
DB7
DB8
DB6
DB9
DVDD
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
DCOM
U1
CVDD
CLK
CLKB
CCOM
CMODE
MODE
32
DB10
DB11
DB12
DB13
DCOM1
SLEEP
FS ADJ
REFIO
ACOM
IA
IB
ACOM1
AVDD
AVDD1
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
DB8
DB9
DB10
DB11
DB12
DB13
R11
50⍀
TP3
TP1
WHT
WHT
DNP
C13
IOUT
3
T1
4
5
2
S3
AGND: 3, 4, 5
6
1
T1–1T
AVDD
JP9
C11
0.1F
AD9744LFCSP
TP7
WHT
JP8
DNP
C12
CVDD
R1
2k⍀
0.1%
R30
10k⍀
JP1
R10
50⍀
MODE
Figure 28. LFCSP Evaluation Board Schematic—Output Signal Conditioning
CVDD
1
7
U4
C20
10F
16V
2
AGND: 5
CVDD: 8
C35
0.1F
CVDD
R5
120⍀
3
CLKB
JP2
CKEXT
CLK
U4
6
S5
AGND: 3, 4, 5
4
AGND: 5
CVDD: 8
R2
120⍀
C34
0.1F
R6
50⍀
Figure 29. LFCSP Evaluation Board Schematic—Clock Input
–22–
REV. A
AD9744
Figure 30. LFCSP Evaluation Board Layout—Primary Side
Figure 31. LFCSP Evaluation Board Layout—Secondary Side
REV. A
–23–
AD9744
Figure 32. LFCSP Evaluation Board Layout—Ground Plane
Figure 33. LFCSP Evaluation Board Layout—Power Plane
–24–
REV. A
AD9744
Figure 34. LFCSP Evaluation Board Layout Assembly—Primary Side
Figure 35. LFCSP Evaluation Board Layout Assembly—Secondary Side
REV. A
–25–
AD9744
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
28-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP]
(RU-28)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
9.80
9.70
9.60
28
15
4.50
4.40
4.30
1
6.40 BSC
14
PIN 1
0.65
BSC
1.20
MAX
0.15
0.05
0.30
0.19
COPLANARITY
0.10
0.75
0.60
0.45
8
0
0.20
0.09
SEATING
PLANE
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153AE
28-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC]
Wide Body
(R-28)
Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)
18.10 (0.7126)
17.70 (0.6969)
28
15
7.60 (0.2992)
7.40 (0.2913)
1
14
10.65 (0.4193)
10.00 (0.3937)
2.65 (0.1043)
2.35 (0.0925)
0.75 (0.0295)
45
0.25 (0.0098)
0.30 (0.0118)
0.10 (0.0039)
COPLANARITY
0.10
8
0
1.27 (0.0500) 0.51 (0.0201) SEATING
0.32 (0.0126)
BSC
0.33 (0.0130) PLANE
0.23 (0.0091)
1.27 (0.0500)
0.40 (0.0157)
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-013AE
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN
32-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
(CP-32)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
5.00
BSC SQ
0.60 MAX
PIN 1
INDICATOR
0.60 MAX
25
24
PIN 1
INDICATOR
0.50
BSC
4.75
BSC SQ
TOP
VIEW
3.25
3.10 SQ
2.95
BOTTOM
VIEW
0.50
0.40
0.30
12 MAX
32 1
17
16
9
8
3.50
REF
1.00 MAX
0.65 NOM
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
1.00
0.90
0.80
SEATING
PLANE
0.30
0.23
0.18
0.20 REF
COPLANARITY
0.08
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VHHD-2
–26–
REV. A
AD9744
Revision History
Location
Page
5/03—Data Sheet changed from REV. 0 to REV. A.
Added 32-Lead LFCSP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNIVERSAL
Edits to FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Edits to PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Edits to DC SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Edits to DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Edits to DIGITAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Edits to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Edits to THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Edits to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Edits to PIN CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Edits to PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Edits to Figure 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Replaced TPCs 1, 4, 7, and 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Edits to Figure 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Edits to FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Added CLOCK INPUT section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Added new Figure 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Edits to DAC TIMING section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Edits to Sleep Mode Operation section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Edits to POWER DISSIPATION section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Renumbered Figures 8–26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Added Figure 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Added Figures 27–35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
REV. A
–27–
–28–
C02913–0–5/03(A)