ETC DRM050

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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
2.4-GHz Wireless
Optical Mouse and
Multimedia Keyboard
Solution
Designer Reference
Manual
M68HC08
Microcontrollers
DRM050/D
Rev. 0, 09/2003
MOTOROLA.COM/SEMICONDUCTORS
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2.4-GHz Wireless Optical Mouse and
Multimedia Keyboard Solution
Designer Reference Manual — Rev 0
By: Dennis Lui
Ernest Chan
W.S. Wong
Applications Engineering
Microcontroller Division
Hong Kong
To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on
the World Wide Web will be the most current. Your printed copy may be an
earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information available, refer to:
http://motorola.com/semiconductors
The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this
document. For your convenience, the page number designators have been
linked to the appropriate location.
Motorola and the Stylized M Logo are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
DigitalDNA is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
This product incorporates SuperFlash® technology licensed from SST.
DRM050 — Rev 0
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Revision History
Revision History
Page
Throughout
NA
Description of Change
Initial Release
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Section
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Designer Reference Manual — DRM050
Table of Contents
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Section 1. System Overview
1.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.2
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.3
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1.4
Transmit and Receive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Section 2. RF Front End
2.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
2.3
RF Transceiver Module RFW102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4
Interface IC RFW-D100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5
Antenna and PCB Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Section 3. Optical Mouse Transmitter
3.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.1
Microcontroller JB8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.2
Optical Mouse Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.3
RF Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2.4
DC/DC Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section 4. Mouse Transmitter Firmware
4.1
MAC Layer Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2
Application Firmware Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.3
Power Management for the Mouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.4
Output Buffer Format for the RF Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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Section 5. Multimedia Keyboard Transmitter
5.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2.1
Microcontroller LK24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2.2
RF Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2.3
DC/DC Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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Section 6. Keyboard Transmitter Firmware
6.1
Firmware Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.2
Output Buffer Format for Keyboard RF Packet. . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Section 7. USB Receiver
7.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.2
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.2.1
Microcontroller JB16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.2.2
RF Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.2.3
Voltage Regulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Section 8. Receiver Firmware
8.1
Receiver Firmware Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8.2
USB Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
8.2.1
Input Report Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.3
Remote Wakeup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Section 9. Testing and Customization
9.1
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.2
Customization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.2.1
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.2.1.1
Optical Mouse Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.2.1.2
Keyboard Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.2.1.3
USB Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.2.1.4
RF Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.2.2
Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.2.2.1
Mouse Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.2.2.2
Keyboard Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.2.2.3
Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
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Section 1. System Overview
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1.1 Introduction
This manual describes a reference design of a 2.4-GHz Universal Serial
Bus Wireless Optical Mouse and Multimedia Keyboard solution by using
the MC68HC908JB8, MC68HC908LK24, and MC68HC908JB16.
The whole system consists of a wireless mouse, a wireless keyboard
and a USB receiver. The wireless communication link is developed in the
worldwide unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band of
2400–2483 MHz. All hardware schematic diagrams and firmware source
codes are available as reference materials.
1.2 Features
•
High speed RF link in 2.4-GHz ISM band
•
Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows XP Compatible1
•
USB 2.0 Low Speed Compliance
•
1 Mbps transmission data rate
•
10 to 20 meter communication distance
•
RF front end and Media Access Control (MAC) designs are based
on RFWaves chipset and protocol
1. Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows XP are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
U.S. and other countries.
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System Overview
1.3 System Overview
Antenna
Antenna
RFW-102
Module
RFW-102
Module
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SPI bus
SPI bus
RFW-D100
MAC
RFW-D100
MAC
Parallel
Address &
Data bus
Parallel
Address &
Data bus
Keyboard/
Mouse
Interface
MCU
908LK24 /
908JB8
MCU
908JB16
USB
PC Host
Interface
I/O Detect
Figure 1-1. System Overview
The system consists of three functional devices, a wireless optical
mouse using the MC68HC908JB8 (hereafter referred as JB8, production
version uses the low voltage MC68HC08JT8), a wireless multimedia
keyboard using the MC68HC908LK24 (hereafter referred as LK24), and
the wireless receiver using the MC68HC908JB16 (hereafter referred as
JB16).
The basic structure and functional blocks for each device are similar and
consist of a RF transceiver module for half duplex transmission in
2.4-GHz frequency band, a baseband IC for link layer access control and
protocol handling. The overall system operation, I/O interface, and
power management are controlled by MCU.
Based on the number of I/O pins, voltage operation, and memory size
requirements, the JB8 and LK24 are chosen for wireless mouse and
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System Overview
Transmit and Receive
keyboard designs. The JB16 is specially designed for USB wireless
application. It has high processing power and large memory size to
handle overall data traffic control for multiple input devices.
1.4 Transmit and Receive
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In data transmission, the data generated from the key matrix in a
keyboard or displacement detection/button status data in mouse
application is detected by MCU and sent to the baseband IC in a parallel
format. All kinds of media access, link layout control, and data
conversion in serial format are handled by the baseband IC. The final
data in serial format is transmitted by the RF module at 2.4 GHz.
In data reception, the data received from RF module is decoded with
corresponding protocol, and the serial packet data will be converted into
parallel format again in baseband processing. The final data in parallel
format will be captured by MCU and sent to the PC host through the USB
interface.
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System Overview
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Section 2. RF Front End
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2.1 Introduction
2.4-GHz RF links are designed for wireless communication media for
this application. The RF font end of the USB receiver, mouse, and
keyboard are the same. The front end is a half duplex direct sequence
spread spectrum (DSSS) radio transceiver chipset, intended for use in
the world wide unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band
of 2400–2483.5MHz. The front end chipset mainly consist of two parts,
the transceiver module RFW102 and the interface IC RFW-D100. CSMA
is used as the communication protocol in between the USB receiver, the
keyboard, and mouse.
2.2 Functional Description
The complete solution of the RF transceiver consists of an RF
transceiver module RFW102 and a link interface IC RFW-D100. The
RFW-D100 links the MCU and the transceiver module. When data is
being transmitted from the mouse or keyboard, the transmit data from
the MCU is passes into the interface IC. In the interface IC, the data will
be converted from parallel type to serial type. Also it will be coded with
packet address and error checking.
The serial data will then pass to the RF transceiver and ASK modulates
into IF frequency 488 MHz. The modulated data will be DSSS spreading
and up-converts into 2.4 GHz RF signal for transmission.
When the RF signal is received by the USB receiver, it is
down-converted into IF frequency and DSSS de-spreading into ASK IF
signal. Then, the ASK IF signal will demodulate into serial data out of the
RF transceiver module RFW102.
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RF Front End
The received serial data will pass into the interface IC RFW-D100, in
which it will be converted to parallel data for the MCU.
Mouse & Keyboard
Antenna
6-24MHz
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Xtal
MCU + GPIOs
(JB8/LJ24)
RFW-D100
Serial to parallel interface
Keyboard/
Mouse
RFW-102
Module
Parallel Add/Data bus
3.3V
DC-DC
Battery
USB Dongle
Antenn
a
6-24MHz
RFW-102
Module
Parallel Add/Data bus
RFW-D100
Serial to parallel interface
Xtal
MCU + USB–
I/F
(JB16)
Power Circuit
DC-DC
3.3V
USB
+5V
2.3 RF Transceiver Module RFW102
The RFW102 transceiver module is a short-range, half-duplex wireless
radio transceiver. The transceiver is intended for use in the unlicensed
ISM band of 2400–2483.5 MHz.
The transceiver module provides a peak output power of 2 dBm and data
rate up to 1Mbps. Power consumption during transmit is extremely low,
(21 mA in 1Mbps, 28 mA in 1 kbps), which is directly dependent on the
bit transfer rate. During standby mode, the transceiver consumes almost
no power and features an extremely short wake up time of 20 ms.
The communication link between the transceivers is a Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum (DSSS) pulse pipe. The modulation scheme is 100%
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RF Front End
RF Transceiver Module RFW102
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). The spreading modulation scheme is a
Bi-Phase modulation where each bit has a 13-bit Barker series.
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Below are the key features of the transceiver module:
•
2.4-GHz unlicensed ISM band operation
•
1 Mbps data rate
•
Sample 3 line digital interface
•
Low power consumption
•
+2 dBm typical peak output transmission power
•
–80 dBm typical sensitivity
•
Typical standby current of 2.6 mA
•
Compiles with FCC regulation
•
Wide range operating voltage (2.7 V–3.6 V)
•
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 11 dB processing gain
•
Short signal acquisition time (1.2 ms)
The transceiver has a fully digital serial I/O interface providing a simple
3-line interface. Tx/Rx is for controlling of the transceiver work in transmit
or receive mode. Act is used for switching the transceiver between
working mode and sleep mode. Data IO is the data transfer channel.
The transceiver chipset includes three chips.
•
RFW24 — An RFIC performs all of the timing, amplifying,
switching, transmitting, and receiving functions.
•
RFW488C — A 4-pin SAW correlator, which is used as a direct
sequence spread spectrum spreading and de-spreading element.
•
RFW488R — A 1-port SAW resonator, which serves as the
system oscillation source.
For detailed information on the internal implementation of the transceiver
module, please refer to the data sheet about the RFW102 from
RFWaves website:
http://www.rfwaves.com
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RF Front End
2.4 Interface IC RFW-D100
The RFW-D100 is a complimentary IC to the RFW-102 module. It
provides an MCU with a parallel interface to the RFW-102 transceiver
module and other features that enable implementing a protocol suitable
for wireless communication with a small burden on the MCU.
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In HID application, the MCU is in charge of the MAC layer protocol. The
RFW-D100 is used to reduce the real-time demands of the MCU
handling the MAC protocol. It converts the fast serial input to 8-bit words,
which are much easier for 8-bit MCUs to work with. Also, it buffers the
input through a 16-byte FIFO, giving the MCU access the RFW-D100
efficiently. Instead of reading one byte per interrupt, the MCU can read
up to 16 bytes in each interrupt.
Below are the features of the RFW-D100 interface IC:
•
Provides parallel interface with the RFW102 modem
•
Serial to parallel conversion of the RFW102 interface
•
Input FIFO (RX_FIFO)
•
Output FIFO (TX_FIFO)
•
Preamble Correlation
•
Packet Address Filter
•
CRC calculation
•
Watchdog Timer driven by internal RC oscillator
•
Power saving mode: Idle, Power-down.
•
Receiver signal strength indication (RSSI)
For detailed information on the RFW-D100, please refer to the data
sheet about the RFW-D100 from the RFWaves website:
http://www.rfwaves.com
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RF Front End
Antenna and PCB Specification
2.5 Antenna and PCB Specification
The antenna interface of the RFWaves module RFW102 is 200 Ω
differential. For matching and placement of different antenna, refer to the
data sheet of the specific antenna you are using.
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The reference antenna of the RFWaves transceiver module RFW102-M
used here is a special design printed circuit board differential loop
antenna. The purpose of this design is aimed at low cost, small form
factor, and high directivity design.
For the dimension and PCB specification of the antenna board, please
refer to documents which can be download from RFWaves website:
http://www.rfwaves.com
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RF Front End
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Section 3. Optical Mouse Transmitter
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3.1 Introduction
The JB8 has 8K Flash memory, 3-MHz bus processing power, 16-bit
2-channel timer module, and appropriate number of I/O pins makes this
MCU suited for this 2.4-GHz Wireless Optical Mouse application. The
main features of the reference design include:
•
2.4-GHz RF Link
•
1 Mbps data rate
•
800 DPI Resolution
•
Smart Power Management
3.2 System Overview
The optical mouse consists of the JB8, the Agilent optical mouse sensor
ADNS-2030, the baseband IC and RF Module from RFWaves, and
DC/DC converter. Figure 3-1 shows the block diagram of the system.
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Optical Mouse Transmitter
LOOP
ANTENNA
L
2.4 GHz RF
Transceiver
Module
M
R
L2
R2
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ADNS-2030
MC68HC908JB8
Buttons
PTA0
PTA1
PTA2
PTA3
PTE0
SCLK
PTE1
SDIO
PTE2
PD
IMAGE
SENSOR
XY_LED
PTA4
(16-pin PDIP)
Baseband
MAC IC
D100
DGND
PTA5
PTA6
RFD_INT
IRQ
DATA BUS
ADDRESS / CTL BUS
PTB7-PTB0
Z2
RST
OSC2
10M
PTC7-PTC0
OSC1
DC/DC Converters
3.3V and 5V
Z-axis
Encoder
Z1
X1
100nF
30pF
6MHz
30pF
(44-pin QFP)
Figure 3-1. Mouse Block Diagram
3.2.1 Microcontroller JB8
The functions of the JB8 are to get the XY displacement from the sensor,
detect the Z displacement, check button status, control the baseband IC
to sending out data, and perform the overall power management.
Three standard left, middle, and right buttons (and two additional buttons
reserved for future development) are implemented.
3.2.2 Optical Mouse Sensor
The AN2030 is a 3-V supply sensor specially design for wireless optical
mouse. The communication between the sensor and the JB8 is through
Serial Peripheral Interface with clock input at the SCLK pin and
bidirection data interface at SDIO pin. The Power Down (PD) pin is used
to power down the sensor when it’s not in use.
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Optical Mouse Transmitter
System Overview
3.2.3 RF Transmission
The data from the MCU will be transferred to the baseband IC for parallel
to serial packet conversion as well as error checking. The encoded data
will be passed to the RF module for ASK modulation in IF band and
frequency spreading with DSSS scheme. The modulated signal will be
further up-converted into 2.4-GHz ISM band for final transmission.
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3.2.4 DC/DC Converter
The power supply for a handheld device should be able to keep the DC
voltage output at a constant level even though the input battery voltage
is continuously dropping down. There are two DC/DC converters; the
3.3-V supply is used for the baseband IC and RF module. The 5-V
supply is only used for the JB8, but it would be eliminated in the final
product when the low-voltage version JT8 is used.
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Optical Mouse Transmitter
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Section 4. Mouse Transmitter Firmware
4.1 MAC Layer Protocol
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Each piece of firmware on the mouse, keyboard, or dongle consists of a
MAC layer implementing the RFWaves Carrier Sense Multiple Access
(CSMA) protocol. In CSMA protocol, every device in the network uses
the same physical channel for communication. Each device will first
detect whether the channel is being used by others before it initiates its
own transmission.
The MAC layer manages the wireless communication between the
mouse/keyboard and the dongle through the baseband RFW-D100 IC.
The MAC layer implements two interrupt functions from each of the
MCUs. The IRQ and one Timer Channel are used by the MAC.
Interface functions have been built for the application to access the
MAC. For example, the application layer can invoke these functions:
•
Initiate the MAC layer and the RF hardware
•
Initiate transmission of a new packet
•
Initiates a packet receiving by the MAC layer
•
Check and locate any newly received packet in the MAC buffer
•
Sets the MAC and RF hardware to low power mode, or resume
from it
The “MACAPI.H” header file in each of the firmware contains more
details about these functions and their uses.
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Mouse Transmitter Firmware
4.2 Application Firmware Flow
Figure 4-1 shows the main application firmware flow of the wireless
optical mouse. One of the main challenges in wireless optical mouse
design is the power management to minimize the power consumption
and maximize the performance.
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MAIN PROGRAM
INITIATE SENSOR,
AND RF HARDWARE
GET XY DISPLACEMENT
FROM SENSOR
GET Z DISPLACEMENT
FOR EVERY MS
IRQ ISR
IRQ DRIVEN BY
YES
PERIODICAL
WAKEUP SIGNAL?
NO
SERVE THE INTERRUPT
EVENT FROM
RFW-D100 BASEBAND CHIP
DISABLE THE PERIODICAL
WAKEUP FOR MCU TO CHECK
MOVEMENT AND BUTTONS
CHECK BUTTON
FOR EVERY MS
N
NEW
MOUSE DATA?
Y
INIT MAC TO
TRANSMIT DATA
POWER MANAGEMENT
Figure 4-1. Firmware Structure
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Mouse Transmitter Firmware
Power Management for the Mouse
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The main program continually checks the registers of the sensor to see
if any XY movement happened. If any XY movement is detected, it gets
the X and Y displacements from the sensor registers, puts them in the
FIFO buffer and sets the corresponding flags. For every ms timer tick, it
checks the Z movement and the buttons’ status. If new mouse data has
been detected, JB8 will initiate the RF data transmission through the
baseband RFW-D100 IC.
Apart from serving the interrupt events from the baseband D100 IC
during normal operation, IRQ serves as the periodical wakeup signal
when JB8 is in sleep mode. The JB8 must check whether there is any
new movement or if the buttons’ status changed. IRQ ISR firmware will
determine what appropriate actions must be taken.
4.3 Power Management for the Mouse
Sensor fully turned on
ZLED turned on
for every 700us
xy no movement
for 5s
HIGH CURRENT
xy movement
xy movement
Sensor and ZLED turned
on for every 250ms
SLEEP
z movement
or button
Sensor turned on every
25ms, ZLED turned on
for every 700us
POWER SAVING
(STARTUP)
xyz no movement
and
no button for 50s
Figure 4-2. Power Management
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Mouse Transmitter Firmware
Figure 4-2 shows the flow of the power management. There are three
defined stages — Power Saving, High Current, and Sleep stage.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
After power up, the mouse is put in Power Saving stage. In this stage,
the sensor is only turned on for every 25 ms to see if any XY movement
occurred. The Z movement and buttons are sensed for every ms.
If no activity happens in 50 seconds, it enters the Sleep stage. In this
stage, the JB8 is put in stop mode and will be woken up every 250 ms to
monitor any activity. The RFW-D100 and RFW-D102 IC are in idle mode
(not in power down mode). Their power consumption will be reduced
because the system CLK to RFW-D100 has been stopped (JB8 and
RFW-D100 share the same crystal CLK source).
Any XY movement will cause the mouse to enter the High Current stage.
At this stage, the sensor is powered on and XY movement is continually
monitored. The Z movement and buttons’ activities are still monitored for
every ms. If no XY movement happens in 5 seconds, it then enters
Power Saving Stage.
Except for the 1 ms timer tick, all the above mentioned timings can
configured by changing their constant values.
4.4 Output Buffer Format for the RF Packet
Users may refer to the RFWaves RFW-D100 IC data sheet for more
detail about the RFWaves Packet Structure (Rev 1.3, Appendix B).
Figure 4-3 shows the output buffer format for the mouse RF packet. The
contents of this will be transmitted when invoking the transmission
function. Users can refer to the “TransmitData” function in “main.c” of the
reference firmware as an example.
The first byte is the total size of the buffer data (equal to 11 here). Bytes
2 through 5 are the Network ID which is used to distinguish different
RFWaves Networks. Byte 6 is the node ID which is used for identification
of different device within the network. The last four bytes are the mouse
data.
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Mouse Transmitter Firmware
Output Buffer Format for the RF Packet
The contents of the output buffer will be received by the JB16 dongle and
dongle can extract the mouse data and send to the host through USB.
Output Buffer Structure
For for Mouse RF Packet
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Packet Size
Network ID byte1
Network ID byte2
Network ID byte3
Network ID byte4
Node ID
Reserved for Sequence
Packet Size
Button Status
X-Displacement
Y-Displacement
Z-Displacement
Figure 4-3. Output Buffer Format for the Mouse Packet
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Mouse Transmitter Firmware
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Section 5. Multimedia Keyboard Transmitter
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5.1 Introduction
The LK24 has a built-in PLL with a low frequency crystal (32.768 kHz)
and is able to operate as fast as 4 MHz bus speed at 3.3 V. It contains
enough I/O pins for key matrix scanning. The main features of the
keyboard include:
•
2.4-GHz RF Link
•
1 Mbps data rate
•
•
Power management keys (power, wake and sleep) support
Multimedia keys support
5.2 System Overview
The keyboard transmitter consists of the LK24, the baseband IC and RF
Module from RFWaves, and DC/DC converter. Figure 5-1 shows the
block diagram of the system.
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Multimedia Keyboard Transmitter
LOOP
ANTENNA
MC68HC908LK24
[External
pullup R]
2.4 GHz RF
Transceiver
Module
PTF0-7
PTC0-7
PTB6-7
COL[0:17]
Key Matrix
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
(8 rows x 18 columns)
PTA0-3
PTD4-7
Baseband
MAC IC
D100
ROW[0:7]
[External
pullup R]
RFD_INT
DATA BUS
ADDRESS / CTL BUS
IRQ
PTE7-PTE0
RST
OSC2
2M
PTA7-PTA4
PTD3-PTD0
1uF
10pF
DC/DC Converter
3.3V
X1
OSC1
32.768kHz
10pF
(80-pin LQFP)
Figure 5-1. Keyboard Block Diagram
5.2.1 Microcontroller LK24
The functions of the LK24 are to scan the key matrix and determine what
keys are pressed and released, control the baseband IC to sending out
data, and perform the overall system control.
5.2.2 RF Transmission
The data from MCU will be transferred to the baseband IC for parallel to
serial packet conversion as well as error checking. The encoded data
will be passed to the RF module for ASK modulation in IF band and
frequency spreading with DSSS scheme. The modulated signal will be
further up-converted into the 2.4-GHz ISM band for final transmission.
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Multimedia Keyboard Transmitter
System Overview
5.2.3 DC/DC Converter
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The power supply for a handheld device should be able to keep the DC
voltage output at a constant level even though the input battery voltage
is continuously dropping down, so a 3.3 V DC/DC converter is designed
for the whole system, including the MCU and the baseband IC and RF
module.
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Multimedia Keyboard Transmitter
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Section 6. Keyboard Transmitter Firmware
6.1 Firmware Structure
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The firmware structure consists of two main parts:
•
MAC Layer protocol
•
Main Application routine
The MAC layer also implements the RFWaves CSMA protocol. Please
refer to the section 4.1 MAC Layer Protocol for a description of this
layer.
Figure 6-1 shows the flow of the main program. The main tasks are to
detect any key being pressed or released and then send the key code
by RF signal through the control of baseband RFW-D100 IC.
If no key is pressed within 10 seconds, LK24 will put the baseband IC
into power down mode, LK24 will also enter lower power mode. The
MCU will be woken up when any key is pressed.
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INITIALIZATION
NO KEY ACTIVITY
FOR 10 SECOND?
YES
NO
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ENTER
POWER SAVING MODE
ANY KEY PRESSED
DETECTED?
NO
YES
SCAN KEY MATRIX
NO
WAKE UP DEVICE
VALID KEY PRESSED
DETECTED?
YES
IRQ ISR
CONVERT
SCAN
KEY
CONVERT
SCAN
KEY
INIT MAC TO TRANSMIT
THE RF PACKET
DETERMINE AND SERVE
THE INTERRUPT EVENT FROM
RFW-D100 BASEBAND CHIP
Figure 6-1. Firmware Flow
6.2 Output Buffer Format for Keyboard RF Packet
Figure 6-2 shows the output buffer format for the keyboard RF packet.
It is similar to that of the mouse, except for the last two bytes.
Break/Make byte indicates whether the packet represents a Make key
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Keyboard Transmitter Firmware
Output Buffer Format for Keyboard RF Packet
(the key has been pressed) or a Break key (the key has been released).
The last byte is the scan code of the key.
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Output Buffer Structure
For for Keyboard RF Packet
Packet Size
Network ID byte1
Network ID byte2
Network ID byte3
Network ID byte4
Node ID
Reserved for Sequence
Packet Size
Break/Make Byte
Scan Code
Figure 6-2. Packet Format
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Keyboard Transmitter Firmware
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Section 7. USB Receiver
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7.1 Introduction
The features of JB16 include a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, 16K
Flash memory, 6-MHz bus clock and two timer modules, which makes
this MCU suited for personal computer Human Interface Devices (HID)
applications, such a mouse and keyboard. The main features of the
receiver include:
•
2.4-GHz RF Link
•
1 Mbps data rate
•
•
Fully USB specification 2.0 low speed compliant
Windows 98, 2000 and XP compatible
7.2 System Overview
The receiver consists of the JB16, the baseband IC and RF Module from
RFWaves and a 3.3-V voltage regulator. Figure 7-1 shows the block
diagram of the system.
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USB Receiver
LOOP
AN TE N N A
M C 68H C 908JB 16
2.4 G H z R F
Tran sceiver
M o d u le
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VREG
1K 5
B aseb an d
M A C IC
D 100
P TE 4
P TE 3
D-
PC
H o st
D+
USB
R F D _IN T
DATA BUS
A D D R E S S / C TL B U S
IR Q
P TA 7-P T A 0
RST
OSC2
P TD 5-P TD 0
P TC 1-P TC 0 O S C 1
10M
100n F
30p F
3.3V V o ltag e R eg u lato r
X1
12M H z
30p F
(28-p in S O IC )
Figure 7-1. USB Receiver Block Diagram
7.2.1 Microcontroller JB16
The functions of the JB16 are to handle the USB transactions, control the
baseband IC to receiving input data, and perform the overall system
control. The processed data is converted into USB report format and
sent to the host.
7.2.2 RF Transmission
The receiving RF signal will be down-converted into IF band for
de-spreading with DSSS scheme and ASK demodulation. The
demodulated data in serial packet format will be converted back to
parallel data and sent to the MCU for USB report generation.
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USB Receiver
System Overview
7.2.3 Voltage Regulator
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The bus power voltage from USB interface is 5 V, so a 3.3-V regulator is
added to provide a correct voltage 3.3 V for baseband IC and RF
module. The JB16 is specially design for USB application, so external
regulated supply input is not necessary.
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USB Receiver
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Section 8. Receiver Firmware
8.1 Receiver Firmware Structure
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The firmware consists of three main parts:
•
MAC Layer protocol
•
Application layer routines
•
USB interrupt routine
The MAC layer implements the RFWaves CSMA protocol. Please refer
to the section 4.1 MAC Layer Protocol for a description of this layer.
Figure 8-1 shows the flow of the main application program. The USB
interrupt routine is not shown here. You may refer to another reference
design called USB and PS2 Multimedia Keyboard by using the
MC68HC908JB8 for more detail.
The main routine continually checks if there is any valid mouse or
keyboard data from the MAC layer. If so, the data will be converted to
USB report format and sent to the host via the endpoint 1 and endpoint 2.
IRQ serves for different interrupt events from the RFW-D100 chip when
USB is not in suspend mode.The IRQ ISR firmware will determine which
interrupt source caused the IRQ. It could be done by checking the IIR
register from RFW-D100 Baseband chip and then the corresponding
action can be taken by the interrupt service routine. During USB
suspend, the periodical wake-up trigger at IRQ can wake up MCU to
detect incoming packets and return to the host computer.
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MAIN
NO
DEVICE
CONFIGURED ?
YES
IRQ ISR
MAC INITIATED
BEFORE ?
NO
YES
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IRQ DRIVEN BY
PERIODICAL
WAKEUP SIGNAL?
INITIATESNEW
MAC LAYER
RECEIVED MOUSE
NO
NO
DETERMINE AND SERVE
THE INTERRUPT EVENT FROM
D100 BASEBAND CHIP
NEW RECEIVED DATA
IN MAC LAYER ?
DISABLE THE PERIODICAL
WAKEUP FOR
MCU TO CHECK
NEW
REMOTE
WAKEUP
PACKET
RECEIVED
MOUSE
YES
CONVERT ANY SCAN KEY
TO KEYBOARD REPORT
CONVERT ANY MOUSE
DATA TO MOUSE REPORT
NEW ENDPOINT 1
REPORT ?
YES
YES
EP1 TX BUFFER
EMPTY ?
TX EP1 IN REPORT
NO
NEW ENDPOINT 2
REPORT ?
YES
EP2 TX BUFFER
EMPTY ?
YES
TX EP2 IN REPORT
NO
NO
USB IDLE FOR
3 MS ?
YES
ENABLE PERIODIC WAKEUP
SIGNAL TO DRIVE IRQ
SUSPEND RF AND MCU
RF PACKET
DETECTED OR
RESUME FROM
HOST ?
YES
Figure 8-1. Firmware Flow
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Receiver Firmware
USB Report
8.2 USB Report
The mouse and keyboard implement two HID interfaces on endpoint 1
and endpoint 2 in a USB composite-device fashion. HID interface 0
(endpoint 1) implements a standard HID keyboard with identical report
and boot protocols. HID interface 1 (endpoint 2) implements multimedia
and power management keys and mouse data. This implementation
ensures that the keyboard works in BIOS setup and in DOS mode.
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Interface 0 will issue 8-byte input reports that are identical to the
standard keyboard boot protocol report (see Table 8-1) as documented
in the Device Class Definition for Human Interface Device (HID)
version 1.1. This interface also allows the host system to send the
CAP/NUM/SCROLL lock status to JB16, as specified by the 1-byte
output report (see Table 8-2). It can be used to turn on and off the
respective LED state indicators if LEDs have been implemented in the
hardware. These LEDs are not included in the reference JB16 receiver
hardware.
Byte
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
Right
GUI
Right
ALT
Right
Shift
Right
Control
Left
GUI
Left
ALT
Left
Shift
Left
Control
1
Reserved
2
Keyboard Usage ID (Key Code)
3
Keyboard Usage ID (Key Code)
4
Keyboard Usage ID (Key Code)
5
Keyboard Usage ID (Key Code)
6
Keyboard Usage ID (Key Code)
7
Keyboard Usage ID (Key Code)
Table 8-1. Interface 0 Input Report
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Byte
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
0
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Scroll
Lock
Caps
Lock
Num
Lock
Table 8-2. Interface 0 Output Report
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Interface 1 report contains the power management key report,
multimedia key input report, or mouse input report, which is
distinguished by a unique Report ID. The power management key uses
Report ID number 1 (see Table 8-3); the multimedia key uses Report ID
number 2 (see Table 8-4); and the mouse report uses Report ID
number 3 (see Table 8-5).
Byte
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
0
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Power
Wake
Sleep
Report ID = 1
1
Table 8-3. Interface 1 Power Key Input Report
Byte
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
0
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Report ID = 2
1
M7
M6
M5
M4
M3
M2
M1
M0
2
M15
M14
M13
M12
M11
M10
M9
M8
3
M23
M22
M21
M20
M19
M18
M17
M16
4
Reserved for M24 - M31
Table 8-4. Interface 1 Multimedia Key Input Report
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USB Report
Byte
Bit 7
Bit 6
0
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Middle
button
Right
button
Left
button
Report ID = 3
1
2
X Displacement
3
Y Displacement
4
Z Displacement
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Table 8-5. Interface 1 Mouse Input Report
8.2.1 Input Report Example
Table 8-6 shows some input report examples. Report ID is not used in
interface 0. The first byte is the modifier byte and is set on bit base.
Whenever a modifier key is pressed, the corresponding bit is set to 1. For
example, if the Left Control and the character 'A' keys are pressed, the
first byte of the report equals $01, the second byte is reserved, the third
byte equals $04, and the forth through the eighth bytes equal $00.
Power Management keys are reported through interface 1 with report
ID 1. For example, if the Wake key is pressed, the first byte equals $01
(ID = 1), and the second byte equals $02 (corresponding bit equals 1)
since Wake key is defined as the bit 2 of the second byte.
Hot keys are reported through interface 1 with reported ID 2. For
example, if the hot key 0 and the hot key 17 are pressed, the first byte
equals $02 (ID = 2); the second byte equals $01 since hot key 0 is
pressed; the third byte equals $00 since hot keys 8 to 16 are not
pressed; and the forth byte equals $02 since the hot key 17 is pressed.
Keys Pressed
Endpoint
In Report Data
Left Control, ’A’
1
$01,$00,$04,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
Left Control, Right Alt, ’A’, ’B’
1
$41,$00,$04,$05,$00,$00,$00,$00
Wake
2
$01,$02
Hot Key 0 & Hot Key 17
2
$02,$01,$00,$02
Table 8-6. Input Report Examples
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8.3 Remote Wakeup
The JB16 receiver supports remote wakeup function that can wake up
the host computer during USB suspend.
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During suspend, the MCU will be periodically woken up by the IRQ
driven by the external RC charging and discharging circuit. The MCU
then turns on the RF circuit (both RFW-D100 and RFW-D102) for a short
period of time, detect whether a valid mouse or keyboard RF packet
arrived for waking up the host. During this short period, the IRQ will serve
for RFW-D100 interrupt events again.
If no valid packet has been detected in this period, the receiver will sleep
again. The MCU will initiate the charging and discharging cycle again
before it enters power saving mode.
The mouse or keyboard can re-transmit an RF packet again if there is no
acknowledgment from the JB16 receiver. The maximum number of such
re-transmissions can be adjusted through the MAC application interface
transmission function.
For the JB16 receiver to be able to detect the incoming packet, some
timing parameters needed to be considered.
The first is the small wakeup duration at each IRQ wakeup. For example,
if the receiver is sleeping while a packet arrives, the transmitter will send
out a second packet because there is no acknowledge from the receiver.
If the IRQ wakeup period longer than the interval between the first and
next re-transmitted packet, the re-transmitted packet can be detected by
the receiver.
Another timing is the interval between two IRQ interrupts. Consider a
single key has been pressed on the keyboard. If an IRQ wakeup
detection duty in the receiver has just elapsed before the arrival of the
first RF keyboard packet, the receiver cannot detect that packet. The
next wakeup duty will start at the next IRQ interrupt.
It can be seen that for a smaller number of re-transmission setting in the
keyboard, all re-transmission may have taken place before the next
wakeup duty start. This means the receiver will fail to detect the pressed
key and cannot wake up the host. Therefore, the interval between two
IRQ interrupts should be shorter for a relative small re-transmission
setting in the transmitter. This time interval can be adjusted by the
external RC values, C22, and R45.
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Section 9. Testing and Customization
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9.1 Testing
The solution was tested under different Windows Operating Systems on
several different PCs.
•
USB compliance test using Command Verifier version 1.2
•
Compatibility tests under Windows 98SE, 2000, and XP
•
Compatibility tests of 1AMD 750, Intel 810 and 845 chip set
desktops, IBM Thinkpad T23, and Dell Latitude NoteBook C640
9.2 Customization
9.2.1 Hardware
9.2.1.1 Optical Mouse Transmitter
The DC/DC converters/regulators used in this reference design are for
reference only, customers can choose any converters/regulators they
prefer. The LEDs for the sensor can be connected to the DC/DC
converter output or connected to the batteries output. The advantage of
connecting to the DC/DC converter output is that the system can work in
a lower voltage, but the drawback is higher current consumption. The
advantage of connecting to the batteries output is the lower power
consumption but the system will not work properly if battery voltage is
below 2.5 V.
1. Trademarks are owned by their respective companies.
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Testing and Customization
9.2.1.2 Keyboard Transmitter
Left the unused pin open.
9.2.1.3 USB Receiver
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
The diodes connected in series at JB16 VDD can be removed if resistor
networks are added in the data/address bus between JB16 and
baseband IC as a 5-V to 3.3-V voltage divider.
9.2.1.4 RF Circuitry
The RF transceiver module, the baseband IC, and the CSMA protocol
are developed by RFWaves. Please refer to RFWaves website for
details and recommendations on RF circuitry customization.
http://www.rfwaves.com
9.2.2 Firmware
9.2.2.1 Mouse Transmitter
•
Set the timing parameters for power management.
9.2.2.2 Keyboard Transmitter
•
Modify the key matrix tables in “KEY-MAP.ASM” according to
customized key matrix.
•
Modify the “KEYMAPTx.H” and USB “KEY-USB.ASM” files
according to customized key matrix.
•
Change vendor ID, product ID, and product revision number in the
device descriptor table in “KBD-MSE.H”.
•
Change the report descriptor in “KBS-MSE.H” if necessary.
9.2.2.3 Receiver
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HOW TO REACH US:
USA/EUROPE/LOCATIONS NOT LISTED:
Motorola Literature Distribution;
P.O. Box 5405, Denver, Colorado 80217
1-303-675-2140 or 1-800-441-2447
JAPAN:
Motorola Japan Ltd.; SPS, Technical Information Center,
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