DS2756 High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode www.maxim-ic.com GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES The DS2756 high-precision battery fuel gauge is a data-acquisition and information-storage device tailored for cost-sensitive and space-constrained 1cell Li+/polymer battery-pack applications. The DS2756 provides the key hardware components required to accurately estimate remaining capacity by integrating low-power, precision measurements of temperature, voltage, current, and current accumulation, as well as nonvolatile (NV) data storage, into the small footprint of a 3.0mm x 4.4mm 8-pin TSSOP package. Through its 1-WireÒ interface, the DS2756 gives the host system read/write access to status and control registers, instrumentation registers, and generalpurpose data storage. Each device has a unique factory-programmed 64-bit net address that allows it to be individually addressed by the host system, supporting multibattery operation. § § Programmable Suspend Mode Accurate Current Accumulation - 2% ±4mV over ±64mV Input Range - 2% ±200mA over ±3.2A with 20mW Sense Current Measurement - 9-Bit Snapshot Measurement - 12-Bit Average Updated Every 88ms - 15-Bit Average Updated Every 2.8s Voltage Measurement - 9-Bit Snapshot Measurement - 10-Bit Average Updated Every 4ms Temperature Measurement - 10-Bit with 0.125°C Resolution Snapshot Mode Allows Instantaneous Power Measurement Host Alerted When Accumulated Current or Temperature Exceeds Programmable Limits 96 Bytes of Lockable EEPROM 8 Bytes of General-Purpose SRAM Dallas 1-Wire Interface with Unique 64-Bit Address and Standard or Overdrive Timing 3mm Dimension of 8-Pin TSSOP Package Allows Mounting on Side of Thin Prismatic Li+ and Li+/Polymer Cells § § § § § § § § § TYPICAL OPERATING CIRCUIT ORDERING INFORMATION PACK+ 1K 150 DS2756 INT 150 DATA 150 PIO VDD SNS VSS IS2 PACK- 0.020 DS2756E+T&R -20°C to +70°C PIN-PACKAGE 8 TSSOP DS2756E+ on Tape-and-Reel PIN CONFIGURATION IS1 0.1µF 5.1V 5.1V TEMP RANGE -20°C to +70°C + Denotes lead-free package. VIN DQ PART DS2756E+ Protector 0.1µF VIN VSS PIO VDD 5.1V 1-Wire is a registered trademark of Dallas Semiconductor. 11 22 3 24 8 7 6 5 DQ SNS IS2 IS1 DS2756E TSSOP Package Note: Some revisions of this device may incorporate deviations from published specifications known as errata. Multiple revisions of any device may be simultaneously available through various sales channels. For information about device errata, click here: www.maxim-ic.com/errata. 1 of 26 050806 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Voltage on PIO Pin, Relative to VSS Voltage on All Other Pins, Relative to VSS Continuous Sink Current, DQ, PIO Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Soldering Temperature -0.3V to +12V -0.3V to +6V 12mA -40°C to +85°C -55°C to +125°C See J-STD-020A Specification This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. RECOMMENDED DC OPERATING CONDITIONS (3.0V £ VDD £ 5.5V, TA = -20°C to +70°C.) PARAMETER Supply Voltage Data Pin VIN Pin SYMBOL VDD DQ VIN CONDITIONS (Note 1) (Note 1) MIN 3.0 -0.3 (Note 1) -0.3 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (3.0V £ VDD £ 5.5V, TA = -20°C to +70°C.) PARAMETER Active Mode Supply Current SYMBOL IACTIVE CONDITIONS MIN DQ = VDD, EEC bit = 0, 3.0V < VDD < 4.2V TYP MAX 5.5 +5.5 UNITS V V +5.5 V TYP MAX UNITS 75 100 mA DQ = VDD, EEC bit = 0 120 Sleep Mode Supply Current ISLEEP DQ = 0V, PIE = 00b 1 3 mA Suspend Mode Supply Current ISUSPEND DQ = 0V, PIE ≠ 00b (Note 11) 1.5 4 mA Current Measurement Input Range VIS1-IS2 (Note 2) Current Register Offset Error IOERR (Note 4) Current Gain Error IGERR (Notes 2, 5) 24 Hour Accumulated Current Error qCA Current Sampling Frequency IS1-VSS, IS2-SNS Filter Resistors Input Resistance: VIN Voltage Offset Error RIN VOERR Voltage Gain Error VGERR Temperature Error Input Logic High: DQ, PIO Input Logic Low: DQ, PIO Output Logic Low: DQ, PIO DQ Pulldown Current DQ Capacitance DQ Low-to-Sleep Time Suspend Period Accuracy Minimum Active Mode TERR VIH VIL VOL IPD CDQ tSLEEP ±64 VIS1-IS2 = 0, OBEN set, (Notes 2, 3, 6) -200 fSAMP RKS +25°C VIN = VDD (Note 7) mV -100 ±7.813 mV/R ±1 % reading 0 µVhr/R 1456 Hz 10 kW 5 ±5 ±2 (Note 8) (Note 1) (Note 1) IOL = 4mA (Note 1) ±3 1.5 0.4 0.4 1 60 2.1 tSUS_ERR tACT_MIN 87 2 of 26 0 90 ±30 93 MW mV %V reading °C V V V mA pF s % ms DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Period Undervoltage Detect Undervoltage Delay Internal Timebase Accuracy VUV tUVD 2.4V < VDD < 5.5V (Note 1) tERR (Note 9) 2.45 79 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—1-WIRE INTERFACE (3.0V £ VDD £ 5.5V, TA = -20°C to +70°C.) PARAMETER Snapshot Trigger 0 Snapshot Delay STANDARD TIMING Time Slot Recovery Time Write-0 Low Time Write-1 Low Time Read Data Valid Reset Time High Reset Time Low Presence-Detect High Presence-Detect Low Interrupt Time Low OVERDRIVE TIMING Time Slot Recovery Time Write-0 Low Time Write-1 Low Time Read Data Valid Reset Time High Reset Time Low Presence-Detect High Presence-Detect Low Interrupt Time Low SYMBOL tSWL tSDLY CONDITIONS tSLOT tREC tLOW0 tLOW1 tRDV tRSTH tRSTL tPDH tPDL tIL MIN 1 80 2.5 82 2.55 85 V ms ±1 ±2 % TYP MAX 16 120 UNITS ms ms 120 ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms 100 60 1 60 1 119 15 15 480 480 15 60 480 tSLOT tREC tLOW0 tLOW1 tRDV tRSTH tRSTL tPDH tPDL tIL 960 60 240 1920 6 1 6 1 16 16 2 2 48 48 2 8 48 80 6 24 192 ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms EEPROM RELIABILITY SPECIFICATION (3.0V £ VDD £ 5.5V, TA = -20°C to +70°C.) PARAMETER Copy to EEPROM Time EEPROM Copy Endurance Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Note 5: Note 6: Note 7: Note 8: Note 9: Note 10: Note 11: SYMBOL tEEC NEEC CONDITIONS (Note 10) MIN 50,000 TYP 2 MAX 10 UNITS ms cycles All voltages are referenced to VSS. Specifications relative to VIS1 - VIS2. Summation of worst case time base and current measurement sampling errors. Continuous offset cancellation corrects offset errors in the current measurement system. Individual values reported by the Current register have a maximum offset of ±0.5 LSb’s (±7.8125mV). Individual values reported in the Average Current register have a maximum offset of ±2 LSb’s (±7.8125mV). Current Gain Error specifies the gain error in the Current register value compared to a reference voltage between IS1 and IS2. The DS2756 does not compensate for sense resistor characteristics, and any error terms arising from the sense resistor should be taken into account when calculating total current measurement error. Achieving the 24 Hour Accumulated Current Error assumes positive offset accumulation blanking is enabled (OBEN bit set) and can require a one time 3.5s in-system calibration after mounting to the printed circuit board. Variations in temperature and supply voltage are compensated for by periodic offset corrections performed automatically during Active mode operation. Voltage offset measurement is with respect to 4.2V at +25°C. Self heating due to output pin loading and sense resistor power dissipation can alter the Temperature reading from ambient conditions. Typical value for tERR valid at 3.7V and +25°C. tERR applies to all internal timings (ex. fSAMP, tSLEEP, tUVD) except for the 1-Wire Interface timings and tSUS_ERR. Four year data retention at +50°C. Measured during the Suspend Timeout. Does not include active period of suspend cycle. 3 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode DETAILED DESCRIPTION The DS2756 performs temperature, voltage, and current measurement to a resolution sufficient to support processmonitoring applications such as battery charge control and remaining capacity estimation. Temperature is measured using an on-chip sensor, eliminating the need for a separate thermistor. Bidirectional current measurement supporting current accumulation (coulomb counting) is accomplished using an external current sense resistor. The host system can configure the DS2756 to signal critical conditions to reduce polling overhead. The alarm interrupt fires when programmable upper and lower thresholds of temperature or coulomb count are crossed. The user can select either the DQ pin or PIO pin as the alarm interrupt signal. PIO can also function as a Suspend mode interrupt output to reduce idle current drain within a battery pack. In Suspend mode, the DS2756 cycles between Active and Suspend power modes to reduce DS2756 supply current and the PIO pin can be used to wake up a microcontroller or other pack circuitry if current flowing through the pack exceeds programmable charge and discharge thresholds (See Figure 12). The interval between current measurements can be programmed to achieve an average current as low as 10mA (See Table 3). As a general purpose I/O pin, PIO allows the host system to sense and control other electronics in the pack, including switches, vibration motors, speakers, and LEDs. Three types of memory are provided on the DS2756 for battery information storage: EEPROM, lockable EEPROM, and SRAM. EEPROM memory saves important battery data in true NV memory that is unaffected by severe battery depletion, accidental shorts, or ESD events. Lockable EEPROM becomes ROM when locked to provide additional security for unchanging battery data. SRAM provides inexpensive storage for temporary data. Figure 1. Application Example with Microcontroller in Pack PACK+ 3.3V Reg 1K 150 IDD_MCU VDD VIN 4.7K INT\ PIO µP DS2756 GPIO [Data I /O] DATA VDD DQ Protector 4.7K UART GPIO [Pull -up Control ] VSS SNS VSS IS2 IS1 0.1µF PACK- 0.1µF 5.1V 0.020 4 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Figure 2. Functional Diagram VDD 1-WIRE INTERFACE AND ROM ID DQ LOCKABLE EEPROM BLOCKS BIAS SRAM VOLTAGE REFERENCE THERMAL SENSE PRECISION TIMEBASE VOLTAGE M U X VIN TEMPERATURE ADC CURRENT ACCUM. CURRENT COMPARATORS Low Power Oscillator STATUS / CONTROL - IS2 S + 10KW PIO IS1 10KW SNS chip ground VSS DETAILED PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Name 1 VIN Description Battery Voltage-Sense Input. Voltage measurement performed on VIN input and displayed in Voltage Register. 2 VSS Device Ground and Current-Sense Resistor Connection. VSS attaches to battery end of sense resistor. 3 PIO General-Purpose Programmable I/O Pin or Optional Interrupt Output 4 VDD Input Supply: +3.0V to +5.5V Input Range. Bypass VDD to VSS with 0.1mF. 5 IS1 Current-Sense Filter Input 1 6 IS2 Current-Sense Filter Input 2 7 SNS Sense Resistor Connection. SNS attaches to pack end of current sense resistor. 8 DQ Serial Interface Data I/O Pin. Bidirection data transmit and receive at 16kbps or 143kbps. Optional interrupt output. 5 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode POWER MODES The DS2756 has three power modes: Active, Suspend and Sleep. While in Active mode, the DS2756 continuously measures voltage, temperature, current, accumulated current, and monitors for an under voltage condition. In Suspend and Sleep modes, the DS2756 ceases these activities. During Suspend, the DQ input buffer is active and a low power oscillator runs. In Sleep mode, only the DQ input buffer is active. The DS2756 enters Suspend mode when PMOD = 1 AND all of the following conditions are true: § § § the DQ line is low for longer than tSLEEP the Programmable Interval Enable (PIE) bits in the Status Register are set to a non-zero value (PIE =01b, 10b or 11b) Current register value is less than the Charge Suspend Threshold AND greater than the Discharge Suspend Threshold Periodically, when a Suspend Period time out occurs, the DS2756 temporarily cycles from Suspend to Active mode in order to measure current. When the current measurement completes, the result is evaluated against the user programmed Charge and Discharge Suspend Thresholds. If the Current measurement result does not cross either threshold, the DS2756 transitions back to Suspend. If the measurement shows that more current is flowing than the level of either threshold, the DS2756 signals a suspend interrupt by driving the PIO pin low, then remains in Active mode continuing normal Active mode operation. The DS2756 enters Sleep mode when PMOD = 1 AND either of the following conditions are true: § § the DQ line is low for longer than tSLEEP (minimum 2.1s) AND PIE = 00b the UVEN bit in the Status Register is set to 1 AND the voltage on VIN drops below undervoltage threshold VUV for tUVD (VIN measurement and comparison to VUV, and tUVD timeout occur in normal Active mode and temporary Active mode cycle from Suspend mode) The DS2756 returns to Active mode from Suspend or Sleep mode whenever the DQ line is pulled from a low-tohigh state. The factory default for the DS2756 is UVEN = 0, PMOD = 0 and PIE = 00b. The DS2756 defaults to Active mode when power is first applied. CURRENT MEASUREMENT AND ACCUMULATION The DS2756 current measurement system is designed to provide timely data on charge and discharge current at a moderate resolution level while simultaneously accumulating high resolution average data to support accurate coulomb counting. Current is measured with an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) by sampling the voltage drop across a series sense resistor, RSNS, connected between SNS and VSS. Individual current samples are taken every -1 687ms (1456 Hz). Multiple samples are averaged to report Current and Average Current values, and accumulated for coulomb counting. Current Measurement The voltage signal developed across the sense resistor (between SNS and VSS) is differentially sampled by the ADC inputs through internal 10kΩ resistors connected between VSSand IS1, and SNS and IS2. Isolating the ADC inputs (IS1 and IS2 pins) from the sense resistor with 10kW facilitates the use of an RC filter by adding a single external capacitor. The RC filter extends the input range beyond ±64mV in pulse load or pulse charge applications. The ADC accurately measures large peak signals as long as the differential signal level at IS1 and IS2 does not exceed ±64mV. The Current register operates in two modes, normal and snapshot. In normal mode, the Current register reports the average of 128 individual current samples every 88ms. The reported value represents the average current during the 88ms measurement period. The Average Current register reports the average of 4096 current samples and is updated every 2.8s. In snapshot mode, the Current register holds the current measured immediately following the snapshot trigger. Current measurements resume immediately after the snapshot value is obtained, however, the SNAP bit must be cleared to re-enable normal mode current reporting in the Current register. The Average Current register continues to be updated while the SNAP bit is set. Current accumulation also continues while SNAP is set. Although a small 6 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode error is introduced into both the Average Current and Accumulated Current values by the current sample timing discontinuity introduced with each trigger of the Snapshot mode, use of Snapshot once every 5s does not produce a significant error. The following register formats specify the update interval and units for the Current and Average Current registers. Values are posted in two’s complement format. Positive values represent charge currents (VIS1 > VIS2) and negative values represent discharge currents (VIS2 > VIS1). Positive currents above the maximum register value are reported at the maximum value, 0x7FFF. Negative currents below the minimum register value are reported at the minimum value, 0x8000. Figure 3. Current Register Format 12-bit + sign resolution (13-bit), 88ms update interval MSB-Address 0Eh S 11 2 10 2 9 2 8 2 LSB-Address 0Fh 7 2 6 2 MSb 5 4 2 2 LSb MSb 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 X X LSb = 0 Units:2 “S”: sign bit(s) X 15.625mV/Rsns Figure 4. Average Current Register Format 15-bit + sign resolution (16-bit), 2.8s update interval MSB-Address 1Ah S 14 2 13 2 12 2 11 2 LSB-Address 1Bh 10 2 9 2 MSb 8 7 2 2 LSb MSb 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 LSb 0 “S”: sign bit(s) Units: 2 = 1.953mV/RSNS CURRENT OFFSET CORRECTION Continuous offset cancellation is performed automatically to correct for offsets in the current measurement system. Individual values reported by the Current register have a maximum offset of ±0.5 LSb’s (±7.8125mV). Individual values reported in the Average Current register have a maximum offset of ±2 LSb’s (±7.8125mV). CURRENT ACCUMULATION The DS2756 measures current for coulomb counting purposes, with an accuracy of ±2% (±3.9mV) over a range of ±64mV. Using a 20mW sense resistor, current accumulation is performed over a range of ±3.2A while measuring standby currents with an accuracy of ±195mA. Current measurements are internally summed, or accumulated, with the results displayed in the Accumulated Current Register (ACR). The accuracy of the ACR is dependent on both the current measurement and the accumulation timebase. The 16-bit ACR has a range of ±204.8mVh with an LSb of 6.25mVh. Accumulation of charge current above the maximum register value is reported at the maximum value; conversely, accumulation of discharge current below the minimum register value is reported at the minimum value. Read and write access is allowed to the ACR. The ACR must be written MSB first then LSB. Whenever the ACR is written, internal fractional accumulation result bits are cleared. In order to preserve the ACR value in case of power loss, the ACR MSB and LSB are automatically backed up to EEPROM after incrementing or decrementing by 100mVh (5.0mAh for RSNS = 20mW). The ACR value is recovered from EEPROM on power-up or by a Recall Data 7 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode command targeting the ACR register address. A write to the ACR results in an automatic copy of the new value to EEPROM. Figure 5. Accumulated Current Register Format MSB-Address 10h S 14 2 13 2 12 2 11 2 10 2 LSB-Address 11h 9 2 MSb 8 7 2 2 LSb MSb 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 LSb Units: 6.25mVh/RSNS ACR LSB VIS1- VIS2 6.25mVh RSNS 20mW 15mW 10mW 5mW 312.5mAh 416.7mAh 625mAh 1.250mAh ACR RANGE VIS1- VIS2 ±204.8mVh RSNS 20mW 15mW 10mW 5mW ±10.24Ah ±13.65Ah ±20.48Ah ±40.96Ah OFFSET ACCUMULATION BLANKING In order to avoid the accumulation of small positive offset errors over long periods, an offset blanking filter is provided. The blanking filter is enabled by setting the OBEN bit in the Status Register. When OBEN is set, charge currents (positive Current register values) between 15.625mV and 62.5mV are not accumulated in the ACR. Therefore, with RSNS = 0.020W, positive currents between 0.78mA and 3.125mA are blanked from accumulation in the ACR. ACCUMULATION BIAS Systematic errors or an application preference can require the application of an arbitrary bias to the current accumulation process. The Accumulation Bias register is provided to allow a user programmed constant positive or negative polarity bias to the current accumulation process. The Accumulation Bias value can be used to estimate battery currents that do not flow through the sense resistor, estimate battery self-discharge, or correct for offset error in the Current register and ACR register. The user programmed two’s complement value in the Accumulation Bias register is added to the Current Register once per current sample. The register format supports the accumulation bias to be applied in 1.95mV increments over a ±250mV range. When using a 20mW sense resistor, the bias control is 100mA over a ±12.5mA range. The Accumulation Bias register is directly read and write accessible. The user value is made non-volatile with a Copy Data command targeting EEPROM block 0. The Accumulation Bias register is loaded from EEPROM memory on power up and a transition from Sleep to Active mode. 8 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Figure 6. Accumulation Bias Register Format Address 33h S 6 2 5 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 MSb 0 2 LSb “S”: sign bit 1.95mV/RSNS VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT The voltage register operates in two modes, normal and snapshot. In normal mode, the DS2756 continually measures the voltage between pins VIN and VSS over a 0 to 4.75V range, and the Voltage Register is updated in two’s-complement format every 3.4ms with a resolution of 4.88mV. In snapshot mode, the Voltage register holds the voltage measured immediately following the snapshot trigger. Normal voltage measurements resume after the snapshot value is obtained, however, the SNAP bit must be cleared to re-enable normal mode reporting of voltage measurement to the Voltage register. Voltages above the maximum register value are reported as the maximum value. Figure 7. Voltage Register Format MSB-Address 0Ch S 9 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 LSB-Address 0Dh 4 2 MSb 3 2 2 2 LSb MSb 1 2 0 2 X X X X X LSb Units: 4.88 mV TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT The DS2756 uses an integrated temperature sensor to continually measure battery temperature. Temperature measurements are updated in the Temperature Register every 220ms in two’s-complement format with a resolution of 0.125°C over a ±127°C range. The Temperature Register format is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8. Temperature Register Format MSB-Address 18h S MSb 9 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 LSB-Address 19h 4 2 3 2 2 2 LSb MSb 1 2 0 2 X X X X X LSb Units: 0.125°C 9 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode PROGRAMMABLE I/O The PIO pin can be configured as a general purpose programmable I/O pin, or as an interrupt output. To use the PIO pin in the programmable I/O mode described in this section, the PIO interrupt method must not be enabled. See the Interrupt Signaling section for information on disabling interrupts. As a programmable I/O pin, PIO provides a digital input or an open drain digital output. Writing a 1 to the PIO bit in the Special Feature Register disables the output driver. With the PIO pin Hi-Z, it can be used as an input. The logic level of the PIO pin is reported in the Special Feature Register through the serial interface. To use the PIO pin as an output, write the desired output value to the PIO bit in the Special Feature Register. Writing a 0 to the PIO bit enables the PIO output driver, pulling the PIO pin to VSS. As stated above, writing a 1 to the PIO bit forces the pin to a Hi-Z state. A pullup resistor or current source must be provided to force the pin high. The PIO pin can be biased several volts above VDD allowing inter-operation with a system voltage which is higher than the battery voltage. Consult the Absolute Maximum Ratings table when operating the PIO pin significantly above VDD. The DS2756 turns off the PIO output driver and sets the PIO bit high when in Sleep mode or when DQ is low for more than tSLEEP, regardless of the state of the PMOD bit. INTERRUPT SIGNALING The DS2756 interrupt can be configured as the Suspend interrupt that is signaled on the PIO pin, or as an Alarm Comparator interrupt (based on Current Accumulator and Temperature Alarm Comparator thresholds) that is signaled on either the PIO pin or DQ pin. The Suspend interrupt is used to signal that the current level is greater than the user programmable Charge Suspend Threshold or less than (more negative) than the Discharge Suspend Threshold. The Suspend interrupt is enabled by setting one or both of the PIE bits in the Status Register. The PIE bits select one of three intervals for the Suspend Period, tSUS. If either PIE bit is set, the Alarm Comparator interrupt is disabled. The Suspend interrupt event is signaled by internally clearing the PIO bit in the SFR in order to force the PIO output from high to low. The PIO output remains low in Active mode until the PIO bit in the SFR is written to a 1 by the host to disable the PIO output. Note that the PIO output is disabled in Suspend mode, allowing the PIO pin to be pulled high and ensuring the DS2756 can always signal a Suspend interrupt with a high to low transition. The Temperature and ACR Alarm Comparator interrupt is enabled by setting the Interrupt Enable (IE) bit in the Special Feature Register with PIE cleared. When IE is set and both PIE bits are cleared, an interrupt will be signaled if the Alarm Comparator thresholds are crossed. A 1-Wire RESET always clears the IE bit. The host must re-enable interrupts by setting IE in the last transaction on the bus. Note that when either PIE bit is set, the state of IE has no effect. The interrupt signal pin for the Alarm Comparator interrupt is selected by setting or clearing the Interrupt Output Select (IOS) bit in the Status Register. When IOS is set, the DQ pin performs Alarm Comparator interrupt signaling, when IOS is cleared, the PIO pin performs Alarm Comparator interrupt signaling. Note that when either PIE bit is set, the state of IOS has no effect. DQ signals an Alarm Comparator interrupt condition by driving the 1-Wire bus low for tIL. The DS2756 and all other 1-Wire devices present on the bus interpret this signal as a 1-Wire RESET. A Presence Pulse should be expected from all 1-Wire devices, including the DS2756 following the alarm interrupt signal. The host system can sense the alarm interrupt signal on the falling or rising edge of either the RESET or Presence Pulse. PIO signals an Alarm Comparator interrupt by driving low. PIO remains low until the host clears the condition by writing a 1 to the PIO bit (bit 6 in the Special Feature Register). A pullup resistor or current source must be provided to force the pin high. The host must sense the alarm interrupt on the falling edge of PIO. 10 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Table 1. PIO/DQ Pin Function REGISTER BIT SETTING PIO/DQ PIN FUNCTION PIE IOS IE PIO xx x x 0 PIO pin: GPIO¾Output LOW 00 x 0 1 PIO pin: GPIO¾Output High-Z, Input mode 00 0 1 1 PIO pin: Alarm Comparator Interrupt Output 00 1 1 0 DQ pin: Alarm Comparator Interrupt Output (low for tIL) PIO pin: GPIO¾Output LOW 00 1 1 1 DQ pin: Alarm Comparator Interrupt Output (low for tIL) PIO pin: GPIO¾Output High-Z, Input mode x 1 PIO pin: Suspend Interrupt Output 01 10 x 11 x¾Don’t care. SUSPEND THRESHOLDS The suspend thresholds set the current level to enter and exit Suspend mode. The threshold levels are programmable with a magnitude range of 0 to 4mV, and are compared against the value in the Current register. th Values are programmed in two’s complement format with an implied sign bit in a virtual 9 bit position. The Charge Suspend Threshold register is always a positive value. The Discharge Suspend Threshold register is always a negative value. The thresholds define an inclusive, continuous range of currents in which the DS2756 enters or re-enters Suspend mode from Active mode. The Charge Suspend Threshold represents the minimum measured charge current which will cause the DS2756 to transition modes. The Discharge Suspend Threshold represents the minimum discharge current which will cause the DS2756 to transition modes. The user values of the suspend thresholds are programmed into two bytes located within EEPROM block 0. These memory locations serve as current threshold values only when either PIE bit is set, and can be used as general purpose EEPROM if PIE = 00b. A copy command is required to save the byte values to EEPROM. See the Memory section for information on copying shadow RAM to EEPROM. Figure 9. Charge Suspend Threshold Format Address 35h 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 MSb 0 2 LSb 15.625mV/RSNS Figure 10. Discharge Suspend Threshold Format Address 34h 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 MSb 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 LSb 15.625mV/RSNS 11 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode ALARM COMPARATORS AND INTERRUPT THRESHOLDS Alarm interrupt threshold values can be programmed by the user in the designated SRAM memory registers in the formats and locations found in Figure 11. Since these thresholds are located in SRAM memory, they must be reprogrammed if a loss of power to the DS2756 occurs. The DS2756 generates an alarm interrupt to indicate that one of the following events has occurred: § § § § Accumulated Current ³ Current Accumulator Interrupt High Threshold Accumulated Current £ Current Accumulator Interrupt Low Threshold Temperature ³ Temperature Interrupt High Threshold Temperature £ Temperature Interrupt Low Threshold The host may then poll the DS2756 to determine which threshold has been met or exceeded. 12 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Figure 11. Alarm Interrupt Threshold Register Formats Current Accumulator Interrupt High Threshold MSB-Address 80h S 14 2 13 2 12 2 11 LSB-Address 81h 10 2 9 2 8 2 MSb 7 6 2 2 LSb MSb 5 2 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 LSb Units: 6.25mVhrs Current Accumulator Interrupt Low Threshold MSB-Address 82h S 14 2 13 2 12 2 11 LSB-Address 83h 10 2 9 2 8 2 MSb 7 6 2 2 LSb MSb 5 2 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 LSb Units: 6.25mVhrs Temperature Interrupt High Threshold Address 84h S 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 MSb 1 2 0 2 LSb Units: 1.0°C Temperature Interrupt Low Threshold Address 85h S 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 MSb 2 2 1 2 0 2 LSb Units: 1.0°C 13 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Figure 12. Alarm And Suspend Mode Operating Diagram IE Interrupt Enable PIE Programmable Interrupt Enable 00b ≠ 00b Charge Suspend Interrupt Threshold CURRENT Discharge Suspend Interrupt Threshold High Temperature Interrupt Threshold TEMPERATURE Low Temperature Interrupt Threshold Note 1 High Accumulator Interrupt Threshold ACR Note 5 Low Accumulator Interrupt Threshold DEVICE STATE PIO (IOS = 0) Note 3 ACTIVE SUSPEND ACTIVE SUSPEND Note 4 Note 2 Note 1. Threshold violations do not generate alarm interrupts until the Interrupt Enable (IE) bit is set. Note 2. PIO Interrupts are cleared by resetting the PIO bit in the Special Feature Register . Note 3. SUSPEND state shown in this timing diagram refers to the DS2756 cycling between Active and Suspend mode at a rate determined by the PIE bit settings . Suspend state is entered by setting PIE bits to a non -zero value, setting PMOD=1, and then driving DQ low for longer than 2s. Note 4. Interrupts on PIO not reset by software are automatically cleared when entering suspend mode. Note 5. Alarm threshold violations do not generate interrupts if Suspend mode is enabled (PIE ≠ 00b). 14 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode SNAPSHOT MODE Measurement of the current and voltage can be synchronized to a system event with the Snapshot mode. Triggering a Snapshot event causes the ADC to abandon the current conversion and capture one current and one voltage sample. The Snapshot results are reported in the Current and Voltage registers for retrieval by the host. Normal current, voltage and temperature measurements and current accumulation resume immediately following a Snapshot event, though the Snapshot current and voltage values persist until the host system writes the SNAP bit in the Special Function Register to a 0. Since the snapshot mode disrupts the continuity of the coulomb counting process, it should be used sparingly. The Sync Function Command [D2h] signals the ADC control to expect a Snapshot trigger on DQ. Following the Sync command, the host can trigger a Snapshot event by toggling the DQ line. Synchronization occurs on the rising edge of the DQ high to low to high pulse. The Snapshot mode can be abandoned by sending a 1-Wire Reset instead of the synchronization pulse. The rising edge DQ trigger is formed by the first data bit after issuing the Sync Function command. A full byte can be issued, but the rising edge of the first bit sets the trigger point. The SNAP bit is set after the rising edge trigger. Timing is not critical and could be several 100ms later since it cannot be read quickly via 1-Wire. If a 1-Wire reset is issued instead of a data bit, then the Snapshot is abandoned (SNAP bit not set). The Snapshot Synchronization Timing in Figure 13 illustrates the timing of the Snapshot current and voltage sample apertures relative to the DQ rising edge trigger and one timeslot GSM power amp load pulse. In the -1 diagram, tSAMP = 1/ fSAMP = 1456 = 687ms. The current and voltage measurements are taken 343ms apart but within a single GSM timeslot. Figure 13. Snapshot Synchronization Timing tSWL DQ tSAMP /2 tSAMP Current Sample Voltage Sample tSDLY 577ms GSM Load Pulse 15 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode MEMORY The DS2756 has a 256-byte linear address space with registers for instrumentation, status, and control in the lower 32 bytes, with lockable EEPROM and SRAM memory occupying portions of the remaining address space. All EEPROM and SRAM memory is general-purpose except addresses 31h, 33h, 34h and 35h, which should be written with the default values for the Status Register, Accumulation Bias Register, Charge Suspend Threshold and Discharge Suspend Threshold, respectively. If the Suspend interrupt is not used, addresses 34h and 35h can be used as general-purpose EEPROM. When the MSB of any two-byte register is read, the MSB and LSB values are latched and held for the duration of the Read Data command. This prevents updates during the read to ensure synchronization between the two register bytes. For consistent results, always read the MSB and the LSB of a twobyte register during the same Read Data command sequence. In describing register control and status bits, the terms set and clear refer to internal operations which manipulate bit values. The terms read and write refer to 1Wire access to the bit values. Several bits are set internally but require the host system to write them to a 0 value. EEPROM memory is shadowed by RAM to eliminate programming delays between writes and to allow the data to be verified by the host system before being copied to EEPROM. The Read Data and Write Data protocols to/from EEPROM memory addresses access the shadow RAM. The Recall Data function command transfers data from the EEPROM to the shadow RAM. The Copy Data function command transfers data from the shadow RAM to the EEPROM and requires tEEC to complete programming of the EEPROM cells. In unlocked EEPROM blocks, writing data updates shadow RAM. In locked EEPROM blocks, the Write Data command is ignored. The Copy Data function command copies the contents of shadow RAM to EEPROM in an unlocked block of EEPROM but has no effect on locked blocks. The Recall Data function command copies the contents of a block of EEPROM to shadow RAM regardless of whether the block is locked or not. Figure 14. EEPROM Access via Shadow RAM Copy EEPROM Serial Interface Write Read Shadow RAM 16 of 26 Recall DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Table 2. Memory Map ADDRESS (HEX) 00 01 02 to 06 07 08 09 to 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F DESCRIPTION Reserved Status Register Reserved EEPROM Register Special Feature Register Reserved Voltage Register MSB Voltage Register LSB Current Register MSB Current Register LSB READ/WRITE R R/W R/W R R R R 10 Accumulated Current Register MSB 11 Accumulated Current Register LSB 12 to 17 Reserved 18 Temperature Register MSB 19 Temperature Register LSB 1A Average Current Register MSB 1B Average Current Register LSB 1C to 1F Reserved 20 to 3F EEPROM, block 0 40 to 5F EEPROM, block 1 60 to 7F EEPROM, block 2 80 to 8F SRAM 90 to FF Reserved *Each EEPROM block is read/write until locked by the LOCK command, after which it is read-only. R/W R/W R R R R R/W* R/W* R/W* R/W STATUS REGISTER The default values for the Status Register bits are stored in lockable EEPROM in the corresponding bits of address 31h. A Recall Data command for EEPROM block 1 recalls the default values into the Status Register bits. The format of the Status Register is shown in Figure 15. The function of each bit is described in detail in the following paragraphs. Note that all bits are Read Only. Figure 15. STATUS REGISTER FORMAT Address 01h bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 PIE1 PIE0 PMOD RNAOP UVEN IOS OBEN OVD PIE1, PIE0—Programmable Suspend Interrupt Enable. A non zero value in these bits enables the DS2756 to enter Suspend mode, and sets the Suspend Period (tSUS) for the low power oscillator timeout. A value of 00b disables the DS2756 from entering Suspend mode and allows the DS2756 to enter Sleep mode. 17 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Table 3. SUMMARY OF SUSPEND MODES PIE1 PIE0 SAMPLE RATE WHILE IN SUSPEND MODE AVERAGE IDD WHILE IN SUSPEND MODE 0 0 Suspend mode disabled Suspend mode disabled 0 1 2.0Hz 1 0 1.0Hz 1 1 0.5Hz (500ms × ISUSPEND) + (90ms × IACTIVE) 590ms (1000ms × ISUSPEND) + (90ms × IACTIVE) 1090ms (2000ms × ISUSPEND) + (90ms × IACTIVE) 2090ms The desired default value should be set in bit 6 and bit 7 of address 31h. The factory default is 00b. PMOD—Power Mode Enable. A value of 1 in this bit enables the DS2756 to enter Sleep mode or Suspend mode. A value of 0 disables the DS2756 from entering the Sleep or Suspend mode. When PMOD is 0, only Active mode operation is allowed. The desired default value must be set in bit 5 of address 31h. The factory default is 0. RNAOP—Read Net Address Opcode. A value of 0 in this bit sets the opcode for the Read Net Address command to 33h, while a 1 sets the opcode to 39h. This bit is read-only. The desired default value should be set in bit 4 of address 31h. The factory default is 0. UVEN—Undervoltage Sleep Enable. A value of 1 in UVEN along with a value of 1 in PMOD enables the DS2756 to enter Sleep mode when the voltage on VIN drops below undervoltage threshold VUV for tUVD (cell depletion). A value of 0 disables the DS2756 from entering the Sleep mode due to undervoltage events. The desired default value must be set in bit 3 of address 31h. The factory default is 0. IOS—Interrupt output select. IOS set to a 1 selects the DQ alarm interrupt signaling method for the Alarm Comparator interrupt. IOS cleared to 0 selects the PIO alarm interrupt signaling method. The IE bit must be set and PIE bits cleared to signal an Alarm Comparator interrupt using either method. The desired default value must be set in bit 2 of address 31h. The factory default is 0. OBEN—Offset Blanking Enable. A value of 1 in this bit location enables the offset blanking function described in the Current Accumulation section. If set to 0, the offset blanking function is disabled. The desired default value must be set in bit 1 of address 31h. The factory default is 0. OVD—Overdrive Timing Enable. A value of 1 in this bit location enables the Overdrive 1-Wire timings. If set to 0, the Regular mode timings are enabled. The desired bit value must be written to bit 1 of address 31h, (an EEPROM block 0 location), then recalled before any change to the 1-Wire speed becomes effective. A power-on reset forces a recall of settings from EEPROM block 0. The factory default in bit 1 of address 31h is 0 (Standard 1-Wire timing). X—Reserved Bits. EEPROM REGISTER The format of the EEPROM Register is shown in Figure 16. The function of each bit is described in detail in the following paragraphs. Figure 16. EEPROM Register Format Address 07h bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 EEC LOCK X X X BL2 BL1 BL0 18 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode EEC—EEPROM Copy Flag. A 1 in this read-only bit indicates that a Copy Data command is in progress. While this bit is high, writes to EEPROM addresses are ignored. A 0 in this bit indicates that data can be written to unlocked EEPROM blocks. LOCK—EEPROM Lock Enable. When this bit is 0, the Lock command is ignored. Writing a 1 to this bit enables the Lock command. After the Lock command is executed, the LOCK bit is reset to 0. The factory default is 0. BL2—EEPROM Block 2 Lock Flag. A 1 in this read-only bit indicates that EEPROM block 2 (addresses 60h to 7Fh) is locked (read-only), while a 0 indicates block 1 is unlocked (read/write). BL1—EEPROM Block 1 Lock Flag. A 1 in this read-only bit indicates that EEPROM block 1 (addresses 40h to 5Fh) is locked (read-only), while a 0 indicates block 1 is unlocked (read/write). BL0—EEPROM Block 0 Lock Flag. A 1 in this read-only bit indicates that EEPROM block 0 (addresses 20h to 3Fh) is locked (read-only), while a 0 indicates block 0 is unlocked (read/write). X—Reserved Bits. SPECIAL FEATURE REGISTER The format of the Special Feature Register is shown in Figure 17. The function of each bit is described in detail in the following paragraphs. Figure 17. Special Feature Register Format Address 08h bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 POR PIO X X X IE X SNAP POR—POR Indicator bit. This bit is set to a 1 when the DS2756 experiences a power-on-reset (POR) event. To use the POR bit to detect a power-on-reset, the POR bit must be set to a 0 by the host system upon power-up and after each subsequent occurrence of a POR. This bit is read/write to 0. PIO—PIO Pin Sense and Control. See the Programmable I/O section for details on this read/write bit. IE—Interrupt Enable. A value of 1 in this bit location enables Alarm Comparator interrupt signaling to the host system. When IE is 0, Alarm Comparator interrupt signaling is disabled and the alarm comparator registers are available as SRAM and have no effect on device operation. IE bit is read/write to 1. IE is cleared to 0 by a 1-Wire RESET on DQ. SNAP—Snapshot Control. This bit is set to a 1 immediately after the DS2756 executes a Snapshot conversion pair. SNAP = 1 indicates that the Current and Voltage registers contain Snapshot results. While SNAP = 1, the Snapshot results persist in the Current and Voltage registers until the SNAP bit is written to a 0 by the host system. This bit is read/write to 0. X—Reserved Bits. 19 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode 1-Wire BUS SYSTEM The 1-Wire bus is a system that has a single bus master and one or more slaves. A multidrop bus is a 1-Wire bus with multiple slaves. A single-drop bus has only one slave device. In all instances, the DS2756 is a slave device. The bus master is typically a microprocessor in the host system. The discussion of this bus system consists of four topics: 64-Bit Net Address, Hardware Configuration, Transaction Sequence, and 1-Wire Signaling. 64-BIT NET ADDRESS Each DS2756 has a unique, factory-programmed 1-Wire net address that is 64 bits in length. The first 8 bits are the 1-Wire family code (35h for DS2756). The next 48 bits are a unique serial number. The last 8 bits are a CRC of the first 56 bits (see Figure 18). The 64-bit net address and the 1-Wire I/O circuitry built into the device enable the DS2756 to communicate through the 1-Wire protocol detailed in the 1-Wire Bus System section of this data sheet. Figure 18. 1-Wire Net Address Format 8-Bit CRC 8-Bit Family Code (35h) LSb 48-Bit Serial Number MSb CRC GENERATION The DS2756 has an 8-bit CRC stored in the most significant byte of its 1-Wire net address. To ensure error-free transmission of the address, the host system can compute a CRC value from the first 56 bits of the address and compare it to the CRC from the DS2756. The host system is responsible for verifying the CRC value and taking action as a result. The DS2756 does not compare CRC values and does not prevent a command sequence from proceeding as a result of a CRC mismatch. Proper use of the CRC can result in a communication channel with a very high level of integrity. The CRC can be generated by the host using a circuit consisting of a Shift Register and XOR gates as shown in Figure 19, or it can be generated in software. Additional information about the Dallas 1-Wire CRC is available in Application Note 27: Understanding and Using Cyclic Redundancy Checks with Dallas Semiconductor iButtonÒ Products. Figure 19. 1-Wire CRC Generation Block Diagram INPUT MSb XOR XOR LSb XOR In the circuit in Figure 19, the shift bits are initialized to 0. Then, starting with the least significant bit of the family code, one bit at a time is shifted in. After the 8th bit of the family code has been entered, then the serial number is entered. After the 48th bit of the serial number has been entered, the Shift Register contains the CRC value. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION Because the 1-Wire bus has only a single line, it is important that each device on the bus be able to drive it at the appropriate time. To facilitate this, each device attached to the 1-Wire bus must connect to the bus with open-drain or tri-state output drivers. The DS2756 uses an open-drain output driver as part of the bidirectional interface circuitry shown in Figure 20. If a bidirectional pin is not available on the bus master, separate output, and input pins can be connected together. The 1-Wire bus must have a pullup resistor at the bus-master end of the bus. For short line lengths, the value of this resistor should be approximately 5kW. The idle state for the 1-Wire bus is high. If, for any reason, a bus transaction must be suspended, the bus must be left in the idle state in order to properly resume the transaction iButton is a registered trademark of Dallas Semiconductor. 20 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode later. If the bus is left low for more than 120ms, slave devices on the bus begin to interpret the low period as a reset pulse, effectively terminating the transaction. Figure 20. Typical 1-Wire Bus Interface Circuitry BUS MASTER VPULLUP (2.0V to 5.5V) DS275x 1-WIRE PORT 4.7kW Rx Tx Rx Rx = Receive 1mA Typ. Tx = TRANSMIT Tx 100W MOSFET The pullup must be disabled to allow the DS2756 to enter Suspend mode. The internal pulldown on the DS2756 DQ input ensures that DQ will be pulled to a logic low when the pullup is simply disconnected. With a microcontroller, the pullup resistor can be connected between a general purpose port pin and the DS2756 DQ terminal as shown in Figure 1. The GPIO pin, labeled Pullup Control, can be driven high for Active mode. The pin labeled Data I/O is used bidirectionally for serial communication. When Standby mode is desired, the Pullup Control pin can be driven low or floated in the high-Z state. If the current reading falls within the range of the suspend thresholds, the DS2756 will enter Suspend if configured to do so (PMOD = 1 and PIE ≠ 00). TRANSACTION SEQUENCE The protocol for accessing the DS2756 through the 1-Wire port is as follows: § § § § Initialization Net Address Command Function Command Transaction/Data The sections that follow describe each of these steps in detail. All transactions of the 1-Wire bus begin with an initialization sequence consisting of a reset pulse transmitted by the bus master followed by a presence pulse simultaneously transmitted by the DS2756 and any other slaves on the bus. The presence pulse tells the bus master that one or more devices are on the bus and ready to operate. For more details, see the I/O Signaling section. NET ADDRESS COMMANDS Once the bus master has detected the presence of one or more slaves, it can issue one of the net address commands described in the following paragraphs. The name of each command is followed by the 8-bit opcode for that command in square brackets. Figure 21 presents a transaction flowchart of the net address commands. Read Net Address [33h or 39h]. This command allows the bus master to read the DS2756’s 1-Wire net address. This command can only be used if there is a single slave on the bus. If more than one slave is present, a data collision occurs when all slaves try to transmit at the same time (open drain produces a wired-AND result). The RNAOP bit in the Status Register selects the opcode for this command, with RNAOP = 0 indicating 33h and RNAOP = 1 indicating 39h. Match Net Address [55h]. This command allows the bus master to specifically address one DS2756 on the 1-Wire bus. Only the addressed DS2756 responds to any subsequent function command. All other slave devices ignore 21 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode the function command and wait for a reset pulse. This command can be used with one or more slave devices on the bus. Skip Net Address [CCh]. This command saves time when there is only one DS2756 on the bus by allowing the bus master to issue a function command without specifying the address of the slave. If more than one slave device is present on the bus, a subsequent function command can cause a data collision when all slaves transmit data at the same time. Search Net Address [F0h]. This command allows the bus master to use a process of elimination to identify the 1Wire net addresses of all slave devices on the bus. The search process involves the repetition of a simple threestep routine: read a bit, read the complement of the bit, then write the desired value of that bit. The bus master performs this simple three-step routine on each bit location of the net address. After one complete pass through all 64 bits, the bus master knows the address of one device. The remaining devices can then be identified on additional iterations of the process. See Chapter 5 of the Book of DS19xx iButton Standards for a comprehensive discussion of a net address search, including an actual example. This publication can be found on the Maxim/Dallas website at www.maxim-ic.com. FUNCTION COMMANDS After successfully completing one of the net address commands, the bus master can access the features of the DS2756 with any of the function commands described in the following paragraphs. The name of each function is followed by the 8-bit opcode for that command in square brackets. Read Data [69h, XX]. This command reads data from the DS2756 starting at memory address XX. The LSb of the data in address XX is available to be read immediately after the MSb of the address has been entered. Because the address is automatically incremented after the MSb of each byte is received, the LSb of the data at address XX + 1 is available to be read immediately after the MSb of the data at address XX. If the bus master continues to read beyond address FFh, the DS2756 outputs logic 1 until a reset pulse occurs. Addresses labeled “reserved” in the memory map contain undefined data. The Read Data command can be terminated by the bus master with a reset pulse at any bit boundary. Write Data [6Ch, XX]. This command writes data to the DS2756 starting at memory address XX. The LSb of the data to be stored at address XX can be written immediately after the MSb of the address has been entered. Because the address is automatically incremented after the MSb of each byte is written, the LSb to be stored at address XX + 1 can be written immediately after the MSb to be stored at address XX. If the bus master continues to write beyond address FFh, the DS2756 ignores the data. Writes to read-only addresses, reserved addresses and locked EEPROM blocks are ignored. Incomplete bytes are not written. Writes to unlocked EEPROM blocks are to shadow RAM rather than EEPROM. See the Memory section for more details. Copy Data [48h, XX]. This command copies the contents of shadow RAM to EEPROM for the 32-byte EEPROM block containing address XX. Copy Data commands that address locked blocks are ignored. While the Copy Data command is executing, the EEC bit in the EEPROM Register is set to 1 and writes to EEPROM addresses are ignored. Reads and writes to non-EEPROM addresses can still occur while the copy is in progress. The Copy Data command execution time, tEEC, is 2ms typical and starts after the last address bit is transmitted. Recall Data [B8h, XX]. This command recalls the contents of the 32-byte EEPROM block containing address XX to shadow RAM. Lock [6Ah, XX]. This command locks (write-protects) the 32-byte block of EEPROM memory containing memory address XX. The LOCK bit in the EEPROM Register must be set to l before the Lock command is executed. If the LOCK bit is 0, the Lock command has no effect. The Lock command is permanent; a locked block can never be written again. Sync [D2h, XX]. This command allows the bus to be used to trigger current and voltage Snapshot readings. Following the issue of the Sync command, the bus returns to the idle state awaiting the measurement trigger. When the bus transitions high to low and then low to high on the first data bit issued after the command byte, the Snapshot measurements are performed. Only one bit of the data byte is required to trigger the Snapshot measurements. One Snapshot command must be issued for each Snapshot trigger event. 22 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Table 4. FUNCTION COMMANDS COMMAND Read Data Write Data Copy Data Recall Data Lock Sync DESCRIPTION Reads data from memory starting at address XX Writes data to memory starting at address XX Copies shadow RAM data to EEPROM block containing address XX Recalls EEPROM block containing address XX to shadow RAM Permanently locks the block of EEPROM containing address XX Arms the Snapshot Measurement Mode COMMAND PROTOCOL BUS STATE AFTER COMMAND PROTOCOL 69h, XX Master Rx 6Ch, XX Master Tx 48h, XX Bus idle None B8h, XX Bus idle None 6Ah, XX Bus idle None D2h, XX Bus idle None 23 of 26 BUS DATA Up to 256 bytes of data Up to 256 bytes of data DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Figure 21. Net Address Command Flow Chart MASTER Tx RESET PULSE DS2756 Tx PRESENCE PULSE MASTER Tx NET ADDRESS COMMAND 33h/39h READ NO 55h MATCH NO F0h SEARCH YES YES DS2756 Tx FAMILY CODE 1 BYTE YES DS2756 Tx BIT 0 MASTER Tx BIT 0 DS2756 Tx BIT 0 MASTER Tx BIT 0 DS2756 Tx SERIAL NUMBER 6 BYTES BIT 0 MATCH? DS2756 Tx CRC 1 BYTE NO NO BIT 0 MATCH? YES DS2756 Tx BIT 1 MASTER Tx BIT 1 DS2756 Tx BIT 1 MASTER Tx BIT 1 BIT 1 MATCH? NO NO BIT 1 MATCH? YES MASTER Tx BIT 63 YES DS2756 Tx BIT 63 DS2756 Tx BIT 63 MASTER Tx BIT 63 MASTER Tx NET ADDRESS COMMAND YES BIT 63 MATCH? NO 24 of 26 NO CCh SKIP YES MASTER Tx NET ADDRESS COMMAND NO DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode I/O SIGNALING The 1-Wire bus requires strict signaling protocols to ensure data integrity. The four protocols or signaling types used are: 1) Initialization sequence (Reset Pulse followed by Presence Pulse) 2) Write 0 3) Write 1 4) Read Data All signaling is initiated by the bus master. Except for the Presence Pulse, all falling edges are created by the bus master. The initialization sequence required to begin communication with the DS2756 is shown in Figure 22. A presence pulse following a reset pulse indicates the DS2756 is ready to accept a net address command. The bus master transmits (Tx) a reset pulse for tRSTL. The bus master then releases the line and goes into receive mode (Rx). The 1-Wire bus line is then pulled high by the pullup resistor. After detecting the rising edge on the DQ pin, the DS2756 waits for tPDH and then transmits the Presence Pulse for tPDL. Figure 22. 1-Wire Initialization Sequence tRSTL tRSTH tPDH tPDL PACK DQ PACK LINE TYPE LEGEND: BUS MASTER ACTIVE LOW DS2756 ACTIVE LOW BOTH BUS MASTER AND DS2756 ACTIVE LOW RESISTOR PULLUP WRITE-TIME SLOTS A write-time slot is initiated when the bus master pulls the 1-Wire bus from a logic-high (inactive) level to a logic-low level. There are two types of write-time slots: write 1 and write 0. All write-time slots must be tSLOT in duration with a 1ms minimum recovery time, tREC, between cycles. The bus master generates a write 1 time slot by pulling 1-Wire bus line low for tLOW1 and then releasing it. The bus must be pulled high within 15ms in Standard mode or 2ms in Overdrive mode after the start of the write-time slot. The bus master generates a write 0 time slot by pulling 1-Wire bus line low and then holding it low for tLOW0, or up to the end of the write-time slot. The DS2756 samples the 1-Wire bus after the line falls, sampling occurs between 15ms and 60ms in Standard mode and between 2ms and 6ms in Overdrive mode. If the line is high when sampled by the DS2756, a write 1 occurs, that is, the DS2756 accepts the bit value to be a 1. If the line is low when sampled, a write 0 occurs, that is, the DS2756 accepts the bit value to be a 0. See Figure 23 for more information. READ-TIME SLOTS A read-time slot is initiated when the bus master pulls the 1-Wire bus line from a logic-high level to a logic-low level. The bus master generated read-time slot results in a read 1 and read 0 depending on the data presented by the DS2756. All read-time slots must be tSLOT in duration with a 1ms minimum recovery time, tREC, between cycles. The bus master initiates a read-time slot by pulling the bus line low for at least 1ms and then releasing it to allow the DS2756 to present valid data. The DS2756 generates a read 0 by holding the line low. The line is held low for at least the Read Data Valid time (tRDV) from the start of the read-time slot. The DS2756 releases the bus line and allows it to be pulled high by the external pullup resistor some time after tRDV but before the end of the read-time slot. A read 1 is generated by not holding the line low after the time slot is initiated by the master. The line is allowing it to be pulled high as soon as it is released by the master. The bus master must sample the bus after initializing the time slot and before tRDV to read the data value transmitted by the DS2756. Sampling should occur as close to tRDV as possible to allow for the rise time of the passive pullup 1-Wire bus. See Figure 23 for more information. 25 of 26 DS2756: High-Accuracy Battery Fuel Gauge with Programmable Suspend Mode Figure 23. 1-Wire Write- And Read-Time Slots WRITE 0 SLOT WRITE 1 SLOT tSLOT tSLOT tLOW0 tLOW1 tREC VPULLUP GND Mode MIN DS2756 Sample Window TYP MAX MIN >1ms DS2755 Sample Window TYP MAX Standard 15ms 15ms 30ms 15ms 15ms 30ms Overdrive 2ms 1ms 3ms 2ms 1ms 3ms READ 1 SLOT READ 0 SLOT tSLOT tSLOT tREC VPULLUP GND >1ms tRDV tRDV LINE TYPE LEGEND: BUS MASTER ACTIVE LOW DS2756 ACTIVE LOW BOTH BUS MASTER AND DS2756 ACTIVE LOW RESISTOR PULLUP PACKAGE INFORMATION (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/DallasPackInfo.) 26 of 26