RF8000 14 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVER Typical Applications • Automotive Navigation • Telematics • Asset Tracking • Marine Navigation • Fleet Management Product Description The RFMD Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver is a plug-n-play module designed for OEM use. The 12-parallel-channel GPS receiver works in a wide variety of end products including: marine navigation, telematics, automotive navigation, and asset tracking. The GPS receiver processes signals from all the visible GPS satellites broadcasting RF navigation information. “All-in-view” satellite tracking produces highly accurate, smoothed navigation data. The data is relatively immune to the position jumps that occur when fewer satellites are monitored. Designed to withstand harsh industrial environments, the GPS receiver performs robustly in situations where extreme vehicle movement or high signal blockage are concerns (such as dense urban areas). Optimum Technology Matching® Applied Si BJT GaAs HBT GaAs MESFET GaN HEMT SiGe Bi-CMOS Package Style: 38mmx38mm !SiGe HBT !Si CMOS Si Bi-CMOS GaInP/HBT Features • Fast satellite time-to-first-fix (TTFF) with a Rapid Acquisition Module 14 GPS PRODUCTS • Small footprint: 38mmx38mm GPS Antenna (30 dB Gain, 20 MHz BW) • Supports 3D and 2D navigation modes L1 BP Filter RTC Crystal (32 kHz) LNA • Automatic cold start acquisition process RTC FLASH Temp. Sensor I/O Connector Filter Gain Osc. RF ASIC Digital ASIC Supervisor +2.5 V Reg. GPS Crystal (43 kHz) Low Noise Amplifier ADC Digital ASIC Functional Block Diagram Rev A3 020603 1. +3.3 V 2. GND 3. TX1 4. RX1 5. T-Mark 6. V_Antenna 7. +2.5 V Battery 8. RX2 Ordering Information RF8000 RF8001 DK8000 Global Positioning System Receiver GPS Receiver with Right Angle Connector Global Positioning System Receiver Evaluation Kit RF Micro Devices, Inc. 7628 Thorndike Road Greensboro, NC 27409, USA Tel (336) 664 1233 Fax (336) 664 0454 http://www.rfmd.com 14-1 RF8000 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Rating Unit Supply Current RF Input Level Operating Ambient Temperature Storage Temperature 150 -20 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 mA dBm °C °C Parameter Specification Min. Typ. Max. Caution! ESD sensitive device. RF Micro Devices believes the furnished information is correct and accurate at the time of this printing. However, RF Micro Devices reserves the right to make changes to its products without notice. RF Micro Devices does not assume responsibility for the use of the described product(s). Unit Condition External Power Requirements1 Voltage 3.17 1.65 Power Consumption 3.3 2.5 475 320 3.45 2.7 VDC VDC mW mW Operate mode Battery backup mode Operate mode 210 mW 10 second updates2 33 mW 10 minute updates2 Battery backup mode Operate mode Battery backup mode 6 Ripple Peak-to-Peak 100 N/A µA mV 1 second updates2 Signal Acquisition Performance Accuracy (95% All-in-View) Horizontal Vertical Velocity DGPS Solution Update Rate Time Mark Serial Data Output Protocol 2 DRMS 5.8 9.7 0.06 <1 1 1 m m m/s m sec sec 19,200 9600 bps bps 1575 3 2.5 MHz dBic dB MHz dB 50 mA 1s±100ns Binary, NMEA-0183 version 2.30 or version 3.0. Serial Ports GPS PRODUCTS 14 Primary Port Auxiliary Port Binary, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit RTCM SC-104, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit Antenna Requirements Frequency Antenna Gain Amplifier Gain Amplifier Filter Noise Bandwidth Noise Figure Connector Type Amplifier Voltage, 3VDC to 5VDC 30 20 At 90° elevation Including cable loss At the 3dB points MCX Supplied by OEM RF Signal Environment RF Input Frequency RF Input Power Sensitivity 1575.42 31 -113 MHz dB-Hz dBm L1 frequency band Costas threshold 1 Power must be within the specified limits within 40ms after power turn-on. 2 Results with Power Management software. (Assumes a single 3.3V power supply and includes regulation losses.) Expected release September 2002. 14-2 Rev A3 020603 RF8000 Parameter Specification Min. Typ. Max. Unit Condition Environmental Requirements Cooling (Operating/Storage) Temperature (Operating/Storage) Humidity Altitude Maximum Vehicle Dynamic Free air convection -40 -1000 Jerk 5 Acceleration 4 +85 °C 95 % +60,000 515 ft m/s Relative humidity up to 95% non-condensing or a wet-bulb temperature of +35°C, whichever is less. Acquisition and navigation (meters per second) m/s3 G GPS PRODUCTS 14 Rev A3 020603 14-3 RF8000 Package Style Module - 38mmx38mm 2.54 4 PLACES 8 8 38.00 32.42 1 1 26.32 20.38 4.56 2.79 4.11 2.79 1.57 24.55 5.74 32.42 Dimensions in mm. 38.00 2.54 4 PLACES 8 8 38.00 1 32.42 1 26.32 20.38 2.79 4.11 1.57 1.93 2.79 24.55 6.22 32.42 Dimensions in mm. 38.00 GPS PRODUCTS 14 14-4 Rev A3 020603 RF8000 Theory of Operation The RFMD GPS receiver is a single-board, 12 parallel-channel engine designed for OEM use. The GPS receiver processes signals from the visible GPS satellites broadcasting RF navigation information. “All-in-view” satellite tracking produces highly accurate, smoothed navigation data. The data is relatively immune to the position jumps that occur when fewer satellites are monitored. Designed to withstand harsh industrial environments, the GPS receiver performs robustly in situation (such as dense urban areas) where extreme vehicle movement or high signal blockage are concerns. When fewer than four satellites are available or when operating conditions require, the GPS receiver supports 2D navigation. To calculate a fix while in 2D navigation mode, the receiver uses either the last altitude determined while in 3D navigation mode, or data supplied by the user. Satellite acquisition can be obtained under most initialization situations, as long as the receiver can “see” the satellites. Rapid time to first fix (TTFF) is a feature of the Rapid Search Engine. The flexible satellite acquisition system takes advantage of all available information to provide rapid TTFF, even without user initialization. To minimize TTFF when primary power is removed from the receiver, a DC supply voltage maintains the real time clock (RTC). This allows the GPS receiver to use the prior position data and satellite information stored in the GPS receiver’s flash memory. The receiver has two independent, asynchronous serial input/output ports. The receiver’s primary serial port outputs navigation data and accepts commands in the NMEA-0183 or binary message formats. The receiver’s secondary serial port accepts differential GPS (DGPS) corrections in RTCM SC-104 format. See the “Message Definitions” section for more information. Receiver Architecture The GPS receiver chipset includes all the radio frequency (RF) direct sampling and amplification circuitry. These circuits present both the sign and magnitude of sampled data to the digital ASIC. The digital ASIC contains an integral microprocessor (PowerPCR 401), the GPS signal processing, SRAM, and the RTC. Memory and other supporting components are needed to make a complete navigation system. Receiver Operation The receiver requires 3.3V DC primary input power. Signal Acquisition Modes The GPS receiver supports the following four signal acquisition modes, depending on the availability of critical data. Cold Start Warm Start Hot Start Reacquisition Rev A3 020603 In this mode, the receiver has valid almanac and frequency standard parameters available in memory. The receiver enters this mode on start-up when battery back-up power is not maintained. In this mode, the receiver has the following valid data either available in memory or provided by the user at initialization: position, time, almanac, and frequency standard parameters. The receiver enters this mode on start-up when battery back-up power is maintained. In this mode, the receiver has the following valid data available in memory: position, velocity, time, ephemeris, almanac, and frequency standard parameters. The receiver enters this mode following a software reset or short power-off cycle when battery back-up power is maintained. In this mode, the receiver has experienced a signal blockage for a short period of time (less than 10seconds) that was preceded by a period of continuous navigation. 14-5 14 GPS PRODUCTS The receiver’s antenna must have visibility of the sky in order to acquire enough satellites to produce a navigation solution. While this is usually not a problem outdoors, operation indoors or in a vehicle may require that the antenna be located with an unobstructed view of the sky. If the satellites are blocked from the receiver’s antenna, the receiver will take longer to acquire a position. If fewer than four satellites are available, the receiver may be able to determine a valid 2D position solution by using altitude aiding. RF8000 Table 1 (below) indicates the time to first fix (TTFF) when operating in each of the signal acquisition modes. Table 1. Signal Acquisition Mode Performance Acquisition Mode TTFF1,2 (seconds) Initial Position Tolerance (3 Sigma) Position Velocity Time (km) (m/sec.) (minutes) Cold Start 44 Warm Start 40 N/A3 100 N/A3 75 N/A3 5 Hot Start Reacquisition 10 1 100 100 75 75 5 5 1Typical Maximum Maximum Almanac Age Ephemeris Age (weeks) (hours) 1 N/A3 1 N/A3 1 1 4 4 values. 2 Times given are valid at 25°C with no signal blockage. 3 Not available in real time to the receiver. Navigation Modes The GPS receiver supports three navigation modes: three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D) and Differential GPS (DGPS). When four or more satellites are available with good geometry, the receiver enters the 3D navigation mode. When fewer than four GPS satellites are available, or when a fixed altitude can be used to produce an acceptable result, the GPS receiver enters the 2D navigation mode. To calculate a fix in 2D navigation mode, the receiver uses either the last altitude determined in 3D navigation mode or data supplied by the user. In 2D navigation, navigational accuracy is primarily determined by the relationship of the fixed value of altitude to the true altitude of the antenna. When four or more satellites are available with differential corrections, the receiver enters the DGPS navigation mode. Accuracy is a function of the entire GPS system, including the geometry of the satellites at the time of measurement. Individual GPS receivers have very little influence over position accuracy. Navigational accuracies are provided in Table 2. Table 2. Navigational Accuracy GPS PRODUCTS 14 Position (2drms, 95% All-in-View) Horizontal Vertical 5.8m 9.7m Velocity 0.06 m/s DGPS <1m Time 100ns Power Modes The GPS receiver has the following three power modes. Off Mode The receiver is completely de-energized at all DC supplies, input signals and control signals. The receiver operates normally when an external DC supply is connected to the receiver’s priOperate Mode mary input terminal, V3_3P. The receiver enters battery back-up mode when the primary input power voltage is removed, provided an external DC supply is connected to the RTC terminal, V2_5BU. If the receiver is Battery Back-up Mode powered up in this mode, it uses the current time from the RTC and critical satellite data stored in flash memory to achieve rapid TTFF. Electrical Requirements The host system supplies power as specified in the parameter table. 14-6 Rev A3 020603 RF8000 Antenna Power The GPS receiver passes the voltage applied to the V_ANT pin on the I/O connector to the center conductor of the RF connector. The voltage to V_ANT can be either positive or negative and can range up to 15VDC. NOTE: No form of current limiting is provided, and damage to the board may result if the RF center conductor is shorted to ground. Antenna preamp, pass-through current must be limited outside the receiver. Antenna Sense Circuit (Optional Feature) The optional antenna sense feature is useful for verifying the proper connection to the GPS antenna. With this feature implemented, the GPS receiver is capable of detecting antenna undercurrent and overcurrent conditions. The antenna sense status can be requested using the IBIT message and the results will be reported in the OBIT message. NOTE: If the optional antenna sense circuit is used, the voltage to the V_ANT pin on the GPS receiver connector may either be +3.3V or 5VDC, depending on the specific antenna requirements. DC current is limited on the board to approximately 100mA. Input/Output Signals Signals are listed by pin number and described in Table 3. All digital I/O signals are 2.5VDC CMOS buffered signal levels, tolerant of 3.3VDC. Table 3. Input/Output Connections Signal Name V3_3P GND TX1 4 RX1 5 TMARK 6 7 V_ANT V2_5BU 8 RX2 Rev A3 020603 Description Main power input to the receiver. Input power requirements are defined in Table 3. DC ground to the receiver. Primary asynchronous full-duplex serial data port transmit (TX) line. Binary and NMEA message protocols are supported. The default settings are: Message format Binary Baud 19200bps Parity None Data Bits 8 Stop Bit 1 For additional information, see the GPS receiver evaluation kit user manual. Primary asynchronous full-duplex serial data port receive (RX) line. Binary and NMEA message protocols are supported. The default settings are: Message format Binary Baud 19200bps Parity None Data Bits 8 Stop Bit 1 For additional information, see the GPS receiver evaluation kit user manual. UTC time-mark pulse, one pulse per second. The Binary message OTMP contains the UTC time associated with the time-mark pulse. Provides a power connection to the center conductor of the RF connector. Provides a back-up power connection for the receiver’s real time clock (RTC). Input power requirements are defined in Table 3. Auxiliary asynchronous full-duplex serial data port receive (RX) line. DGPS RTCM SC-104 message protocol is supported. The default settings are: Message format RTCM SC-104 Baud 9600 Parity None Data Bits 8 Stop Bit 1 For additional information, see the GPS receiver evaluation kit user manual. 14-7 14 GPS PRODUCTS Pin Number 1 2 3 RF8000 Message Definitions The following Binary and NMEA message definitions are provided in the RFMD GPS Receiver User Manual (available with purchase of the GPS Receiver Evaluation Kit). Contact RFMD customer service for more information. Table 4. Binary Output Messages Binary Message ONVD OSAT OCHS ODGS ODGC ONOC ONVC ONPC OCSC OEMA ODTM ODTU OTMP OALD OEPD OUTD OSHM OSID OBIT OFSH OBID Description Navigation Solution Data Visible Satellites Channel Status DGPS Status DGPS Configuration Navigation Operational Configuration Navigation Validity Configuration Navigation Platform Configuration Cold Start Configuration Elevation Mask Angle Configuration Map Datum Select User Datum Definition UTC Time Mark Pulse Download Almanac Data Download Ephemeris Data Download UTC/IONO Data Satellite Health Masking Configuration Receiver Software ID Built-in-Test Results (ACK) Command Flash Upload (ACK) Receiver Boot Code ID (ACK) Default On Yes On update Yes No No Once at Power-Up/Reset Once at Power-Up/Reset No Once at Power-Up/Reset Once at Power-Up/Reset Once at Power-Up/Reset No Yes No No No No Once at Power-Up/Reset No No Once at Power-Up/Reset Table 5. Binary Input Messages Binary Message INIT IDGC INOC INVC INPC ICSC IEMA IDTM IDTU IALD IEPD IUTD ISHM IRST IFSH ILOG IIOC IMPC IBIT GPS PRODUCTS 14 14-8 Description Navigation Initialization DGPS Configuration Navigation Operational Configuration Navigation Validity Configuration Navigation Platform Configuration Cold Start Configuration Elevation Mask Angle Configuration Map Datum Select User Datum Definition Command Almanac Upload Command Ephemeris Upload Command UTC/IONO upload Satellite Heal Masking Configuration Command Reset Command Flash Upload Message Log Control Input/Output Port Configuration Message Protocol Configuration Command Built-in-Test Rev A3 020603 RF8000 Table 6. NMEA Output Messages NMEA Message SID GGA GLL GSA GSV RMC VTG BTO CHS Description Software Version GPS Fix Data Geographic Position: Latitude/Longitude GPS DOP and Active Satellites GPS Satellites in View Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/Transit Data Track Made Good and Ground Speed Built-in-Test Results (ACK) Channel Status Data Default On Once at Power-Up/Reset Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Table 7. NMEA Input Messages NMEA Message INT LOG IOC MPC RST BTI Description Receiver Initialization Message Log Control Input/Output Port Configuration Message Protocol Configuration Command Reset Command Built-in-Test Required Table 8. RTCM SC-104 Messages RTCM Message Type 1 Type 2 Type 9 Description Differential GPS Corrections Delta Differential GPS Corrections Partial Satellite Set Differential Corrections GPS PRODUCTS 14 Rev A3 020603 14-9 RF8000 GPS PRODUCTS 14 14-10 Rev A3 020603