ETC COP87L88RW

COP87L88RW
8-Bit One-Time Programmable (OTP) Microcontroller
with Pulse Train Generators and Capture Modules
General Description
The COP87L88RW OTP microcontrollers are large memory
(32k), highly integrated COP8™ Feature core devices, with
advanced features including including Pulse Train Generators, Capture Modules, and hardware multiply/divide. These
multi-chip CMOS devices are suited for applications requiring a full featured controller with high I/O pincount, pulse
generation and capture, and a full-duplex USART, and for
pre-production devices for ROM designs. Pin and software
compatible 16k ROM versions are available (COP888GW),
along with a range of COP8 software and hardware development tools.
Family features include an 8-bit memory mapped architecture, 10MHz CKI with 1µs instruction cycle, hardware
multiply/divide functions, two 100ns capture modules, four
pulse train generators with 16 bit prescalers, two multifunction 16-bit timer/counters, idle timer, full-duplex USART,
MICROWIRE/PLUS™ serial I/O, two power saving HALT/
IDLE modes, MIWU, high current outputs, software selectable I/O options, 2.7v-5.5v operation, program code security,
and 68 pin packages.
Devices included in this datasheet are:
Device
Memory (bytes)
RAM
(bytes)
I/O Pins
Packages
Temperature
COP87L88RW
32k OTP
512
64
68 PLCC
-40 to +85˚C
Key Features
n Package:
Multiply/divide functions
Full duplex UART
Four pulse train generators with 16-bit prescalers
Two 16-bit input capture modules with 8-bit prescalers
Two 16-bit timers, each with two 16-bit registers
supporting
— Processor independent PWM mode
— External event counter mode
— Input capture mode
n 32 kbytes on-board OTP EPROM with security feature
CPU/Instruction Set Features
n
n
n
n
n
Note: Mask ROMed devices with equivalent on-chip features and program memory sizes of 16k is available.
n 512 bytes on-board RAM
Additional Peripheral Features
n
n
n
n
Idle Timer
Multi-Input Wake-Up (MIWU) with optional interrupts (8)
WATCHDOG™ and clock monitor logic
MICROWIRE/PLUS serial I/O
I/O Features
n Memory mapped I/O
n Software selectable I/O options
— TRI-STATE ® output
— Push-pull output
— Weak pull-up input
— High impedance input
n Schmitt trigger inputs on ports G and L
68 PLCC with I/O pins
n 1 µs instruction cycle time
n Fourteen multi-source vectored interrupts servicing
— External interrupt
— Idle timer T0
— Two timers (each with 2 interrupts)
— MICROWIRE/PLUS
— Multi-Input Wake-Up
— Software trap
— UART (2)
— Default VIS
— Capture timers
— Counters (one vector for all four counters)
n Versatile and easy to use instruction set
n 8-bit Stack Pointer (SP) — stack in RAM
n Two 8-bit register indirect data memory pointers
(B and X)
Fully Static CMOS
n Two power saving modes: HALT and IDLE
n Single supply operation: 2.7V to 5.5V
n Temperature range: −40˚C to +85˚C
Development Support
n Emulation device for the COP888GW
n Real time emulation and full program debug offered by
MetaLink’s Development System
TRI-STATE ® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
MICROWIRE/PLUS™, COPS™ microcontrollers, MICROWIRE™, WATCHDOG™ and COP8™ are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation.
iceMASTER™ is a trademark of MetaLink Corporation.
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS012855
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COP87L88RW 8-Bit One-Time Programmable (OTP) Microcontroller
with Pulse Train Generators and Capture Modules
August 2000
COP87L88RW
Block Diagram
DS012855-1
FIGURE 1. COP87L88RW Block Diagram
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2
COP87L88RW
Connection Diagram
DS012855-2
Note: -X Crystal Oscillator
Note: -E Halt Enable
Top View
Order Number COP87L88RWV-XE
See NS Plastic Chip Package Number V68A
FIGURE 2. Connection Diagram
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COP87L88RW
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
SuppIy Voltage (VCC)
Voltage at Any Pin
Total Current into VCC Pin (Source)
Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink)
Storage Temperature Range
7V
−0.3V to VCC +0.3V
100 mA
110 mA
−65˚C to +150˚C
Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to
the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured
when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings.
DC Electrical Characteristics
−40˚C ≤ TA ≤ 85˚C unless otherwise specified
Parameter
ConditIons
Operating Voltage
Power Supply Ripple (Note 2)
Min
Typ
2.7
Peak-to-Peak
Max
UnIts
5.5
V
0.1 VCC
V
Supply Current (Note 3)
CKI = 10 MHz
HALT Current (Note 4)
VCC = 5.5V, tc = 1 µs
14
mA
VCC = 5.5V, CKI = 0 MHz
12
µA
VCC = 5.5V
1.7
mA
IDLE Current
CKI = 10 MHz
Input Levels (VIH, VIL)
RESET, CKI
Logic High
0.8 VCC
V
Logic Low
0.2 VCC
V
All Other Inputs
Logic High
0.7 VCC
V
0.2 VCC
V
Hi-Z Input Leakage
Logic Low
VCC = 5.5V
−2
+2
µA
Input Pullup Current
VCC = 5.5V, VIN = 0V
40
−250
µA
G Port Input Hysteresis
(Note 7)
0.35 VCC
V
0.05 VCC
Output Current Levels
D Outputs
Source
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.3V
Sink (Note 5)
−0.4
mA
VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 1V
10
mA
Source (Weak Pull-Up Mode)
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 2.7V
−10
Source (Push-Pull Mode)
VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.3V
−0.4
Sink (Push-Pull Mode)
VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 0.4V
1.6
VCC = 5.5V
−2
All Others
TRI-STATE Leakage
−100
µA
mA
mA
+2
µA
D Outputs (Sink)
15
mA
All others
3
mA
± 200
mA
Allowable Sink/Source
Current per Pin
Maximum Input Current
without Latchup (Notes 6, 8)
Room Temp
RAM Retention Voltage, Vr (Note 8)
500 ns Rise and Fall Time (min)
Input Capacitance
(Note 8)
7
pF
Load Capacitance on D2
(Note 8)
1000
pF
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4
2
V
−40˚C ≤ TA ≤ 85˚C unless otherwise specified
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
DC
µs
Instruction Cycle Time (tc)
Crystal, Resonator
1.0
Ceramic
Inputs
tSETUP
VCC≥ 4.5V
200
ns
tHOLD
VCC≥ 4.5V
60
ns
Output Propagation Delay (Note 10)
RL = 2.2k, CL = 100 pF
tPD1, tPD0
VCC ≥ 4.5V
SO, SK
VCC ≥ 4.5V
All Others
VCC ≥ 4.5V
20
MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH) (Note 8)
VCC ≥ 4.5V
56
MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay (tUPD)
VCC ≥ 4.5V
MICROWIRE™ Setup Time (tUWS) (Note 8)
0.7
µs
1
µs
ns
220
Input Pulse Width (Note 9)
Interrupt Input High Time
1
Interrupt Input Low Time
1
Timer 1, 2 Input High Time
1
Timer 1, 2 Input Low Time
1
Capture Timer High Time
1
CKI
Capture Timer Low Time
1
CKI
1
µs
Reset Pause Width
tc
Note 2: Maximum rate of voltage change to be defined.
Note 3: Supply current is measured after running 2000 cydes with a square wave CKI input, CKO open, inputs at rails and outputs open.
Note 4: The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillatng. Test conditions: All inputs tied to VCC, L, C, E, F, and G port I/O’s configured as outputs and programmed low
and not driving a load; D outputs programmed low and not driving a load. Parameter refers to HALT mode entered via setting bit 7 of the G Port data register. Part
will pull up CKI during HALT in crystal clock mode.
Note 5: The user must guarantee that D2 pin does not source more than 10 mA during RESET. If D2 sources more than 10 mA during reset, the device will go into
programming mode.
Note 6: Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network. These pins allow input voltages greater than VCC and the pins will have sink current
to VCC when biased at voltages greater than VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC.) The effective resistance to VCC is 750Ω
(typical). These two pins will not latch up. The voltage at the pins must be limited to less than 14V. WARNING: Voltages in excess of 14V will cause damage to the
pins. This warning excludes ESD transients.
Note 7: Condition and parameter valid only for part in HALT mode.
Note 8: Parameter characterized but not tested.
Note 9: tc = Instruction Cycle Time
Note 10: The output propagation delay is referenced to the end of the instruction cycle where the output change occurs.
DS012855-3
FIGURE 3. MICROWIRE/PLUS Timing
5
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COP87L88RW
AC Electrical Characteristics
COP87L88RW
PORT L is an 8-bit I/O port. All L-pins have Schmitt triggers
on the inputs.
Pin Descriptions
VCC and GND are the power supply pins. All VCC and GND
pins must be connected.
The Port L supports Multi-Input Wake Up on all eight pins. L1
is used for the UART external clock. L2 and L3 are used for
the UART transmit and receive. L4 and L5 are used for the
timer input functions T2A and T2B. L6 and L7 are used for
the capture timer input functions CAP1 and CAP2.
CKI is the clock input. This comes from a crystal oscillator (in
conjunction with CKO). See Oscillator Description section.
RESET is the master reset input. See Reset description section.
The device contains five bidirectional 8-bit I/O ports (C, E, F,
G and L), where each individual bit may be independently
configured as an input (Schmitt trigger inputs on ports L and
G), output or TRI-STATE under program control. Three data
memory address locations are allocated for each of these
I/O ports. Each I/O port has two associated 8-bit memory
mapped registers, the CONFIGURATION register and the
output DATA register. A memory mapped address is also reserved for the input pins of each I/O port. (See the memory
map for the various addresses associated with the I/O ports.)
Figure 4 shows the I/O port configurations. The DATA and
CONFIGURATION registers allow for each port bit to be individually configured under software control as shown below:
Configuration
Register
Data
Register
0
0
Hi-Z Input
(TRI-STATE Output)
0
1
Input with Weak Pull-Up
1
0
Push-Pull Zero Output
1
1
Push-Pull One Output
The Port L has the following alternate features:
L0 MIWU
L1 MIWU or CKX
L2 MIWU or TDX
L3 MIWU or RDX
L4 MIWU or T2A
L5 MIWU or T2B
L6 MIWU or CAP1
L7 MIWU or CAP2
Port G is an 8-bit port with 6 I/O pins (G0–G5), an input pin
(G6), and a dedicated output pin (G7). Pins G0–G6 all have
Schmitt Triggers on their inputs. Pin G7 serves as the dedicated output pin for the CKO clock output. There are two registers associated with the G Port, a data register and a configuration register. Therefore, each of the 6 I/O bits (G0–G5)
can be individually configured under software control.
Port Set-Up
DS012855-4
FIGURE 4. I/O Port Configurations
Since G6 is an input only pin and G7 is dedicated CKO clock
output pin, the associated bits in the data and configuration
registers for G6 and G7 are used for special purpose functions as outlined below. Reading the G6 and G7 data bits will
return zeros.
Note that the chip will be placed in the HALT mode by writing
a “1” to bit 7 of the Port G Data Register. Similarly the chip
will be placed in the IDLE mode by writing a “1” to bit 6 of the
Port G Data Register.
Writing a “1” to bit 6 of the Port G Configuration Register enables the MICROWIRE/PLUS to operate with the alternate
phase of the SK clock.
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Config Reg.
Data Reg.
G7
Not Used
HALT
G6
Alternate SK
IDLE
Port G has the following alternate features:
G0 INTR (ExternaI Interrupt Input)
G2 T1B (Timer T1 Capture Input)
G3 T1A (Timer T1 I/O)
G4 SO ( MICROWIRE Serial Data Output)
G5 SK ( MICROWIRE SeriaI Clock)
G6 SI ( MICROWIRE Serial Data Input)
Port G has the following dedicated functions:
G7 CKO OsciIlator dedicated output
6
SECURITY FEATURE
(Continued)
The program memory array has an associate Security Byte
that is located outside of the program address range. This
byte can be addressed only from programming mode by a
programmer tool.
Ports C and F are 8-bit I/O ports.
Port E is an 8-bit I/O port. It has the following alternate features:
E0 CT1 (Output for counter1, PuIse Train Generator)
Security is an optional feature and can only be asserted after
the memory array has been programmed and verified. A secured part will read all 00(hex) by a programmer. The part
will fail Blank Check and will fail Verify operations. A Read
operation will fill the programmer’s memory with 00(hex).
The Security Byte itself is always readable with value of
00(hex) if unsecure and FF(hex) if secure.
E1 CT2 (Output for counter2, Pulse Train Generator)
E2 CT3 (Output for counter3, PuIse Train Generator)
E3 CT4 (Output for counter4, Pulse Train Generator)
Port I is an eight-bit Hi-Z input port.
Port D is an 8-bit output port that is preset high when RESET
goes Iow. The user can tie two or more D port outputs (except D2) together in order to get a higher drive.
DATA MEMORY
The data memory address space includes the on-chip RAM
and data registers, the I/O registers (Configuration, Data and
Pin), the control registers, the MICROWIRE/PLUS SIO shift
register, and the various registers, and counters associated
with the timers (with the exception of the IDLE timer). Data
memory is addressed directly by the instruction or indirectly
by the B, X, SP pointers and S register.
The data memory consists of 512 bytes of RAM. Sixteen
bytes of RAM are mapped as “registers” at addresses 0F0 to
0FF Hex. These registers can be loaded immediately, and
also decremented and tested with the DRSZ (decrement
register and skip if zero) instruction. The memory pointer
registers X, SP, B and S are memory mapped into this space
at address locations 0FC to 0FF Hex respectively, with the
other registers being available for general usage.
The instruction set permits any bit in memory to be set, reset
or tested. All I/O and registers (except A and PC) are
memory mapped; therefore, I/O bits and register bits can be
directly and individually set, reset and tested. The accumulator (A) bits can also be directly and individually tested.
Note: Care must be exercised with the D2 pin operation. At RESET, the external loads on this pin must ensure that the output voltages stay
above 0.8 VCC to prevent the chip from entering special modes. Also
keep the external loading on D2 to < 1000 pF.
Functional Description
The architecture of the device is modified Harvard architecture. With the Harvard architecture, the control store program memory (ROM) is separated from the data store
memory (RAM). Both ROM and RAM have their own separate addressing space with separate address buses. The architecture, though based on Harvard architecture, permits
transfer of data from ROM to RAM.
CPU REGISTERS
The CPU can do an 8-bit addition, subtraction, logical or shift
operation in one instruction (tc) cycle time.
There are six CPU registers:
A is the 8-bit Accumulator Register
PC is the 15-bit Program Counter Register
PU is the upper 7 bits of the program counter (PC)
PL is the lower 8 bits of the program counter (PC)
B is an 8-bit RAM address pointer, which can be optionally
post auto incremented or decremented.
X is an 8-bit alternate RAM address pointer, which can be
optionally post auto incremented or decremented.
SP is the 8-bit stack pointer, which points to the subroutine/
interrupt stack (in RAM). The SP is initialized to RAM address 06F with reset.
S is the 8-bit Data Segment Address Register used to extend
the Iower haIf of the address range (00 to 7F) into 256 data
segments of 128 bytes each.
All the CPU registers are memory mapped with the exception of the AccumuIator (A) and the Program Counter (PC).
Note: RAM contents are undefined upon power-up.
Data Memory Segment RAM
Extension
Data memory address 0FF is used as a memory mapped location for the Data Segment Address Register (S).
The data store memory is either addressed directly by a
single-byte address within the instruction, or indirectly relative to the reference of the B, X, or SP pointers (each contains a single-byte address). This single-byte address allows
an addressing range of 256 locations from 00 to FF hex. The
upper bit of this single-byte address divides the data store
memory into two separate sections as outlined previously.
With the exception of the RAM register memory from address locations 00F0 to 00FF, all RAM memory is memory
mapped with the upper bit of the single-byte address being
equal to zero. This allows the upper bit of the single-byte address to determine whether or not the base address range
(from 0000 to 00FF) is extended. If this upper bit equals one
(representing address range 0080 to 00FF), then address
extension does not take place. Alternatively, if this upper bit
equals zero, then the data segment extension register S is
used to extend the base address range (from 0000 to 007F)
from XX00 to XX7F, where XX represents the 8 bits from the
S register. Thus the 128-byte data segment extensions are
located from addresses 0100 to 017F for data segment 1,
0200 to 027F for data segment 2, etc., up to FF00 to FF7F
for data segment 255. The base address range from 0000 to
007F represents data segment 0.
PROGRAM MEMORY
The program memory consists of 32 kbytes of OTP EPROM.
These bytes may hoId program instructions or constant data
(data tables for the LAID instruction, jump vectors for the JID
instruction, and interrupt vectors for the VIS instruction). The
program memory is addressed by the 15-bit program
counter (PC). All interrupts in the devices Vector to program
memory location 0FF Hex.
The device can be configured to inhibit external reads of the
program memory. This is done by programming the Security
Byte.
Note: Mask ROMed devices with equivalent on-chip features and program
memory sizes of 16k is available.
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COP87L88RW
Pin Descriptions
COP87L88RW
Data Memory Segment RAM
Extension (Continued)
regardless of the contents of the S register. The S register is
not changed by these instructions. Consequently, the stack
(used with subroutine linkage and interrupts) is always located in the base segment. The stack pointer will be initialized to point at data memory location 006F as a result of reset.
Figure 5 illustrates how the S register data memory extension is used in extending the lower half of the base address
range (00 to 7F hex) into 256 data segments of 128 bytes
each, with a total addressing range of 32 kbytes from XX00
to XX7F. This organization allows a total of 256 data segments of 128-bytes each with an additional upper base segment of 128 bytes. Furthermore, all addressing modes are
available for all data segments. The S register must be
changed under program control to move from one data segment (128 bytes) to another. However, the upper base segment (containing the 16 memory registers, I/O registers,
controI registers, etc.) is always available regardless of the
contents of the S register, since the upper base segment
(address range 0080 to 00FF) is independent of data segment extension.
The instructions that utilize the stack pointer (SP) always reference the stack as part of the base segment (Segment 0),
The 128 bytes of RAM contained in the base segment are
split between the Iower and upper base segments. The first
112 bytes of RAM are resident from address 0000 to 006F in
the Iower base segment, while the remaining 16 bytes of
RAM represent the 16 data memory registers located at addresses 00F0 to 00FF of the upper base segment. No RAM
is located at the upper sixteen addresses (0070 to 007F) of
the lower base segment.
Additional RAM beyond these initial 128 bytes, however, will
always be memory mapped in groups of 128 bytes (or less)
at the data segment address extensions (XX00 to XX7F) of
the lower base segment. The additional 384 bytes of RAM in
this device are memory mapped at address locations 0100
to 017F˚ 0200 to 027F, and 0300 to 037F hex.
DS012855-5
*Reads as all ones.
FIGURE 5. RAM Organization
comes out of the reset state synchronously. This device will
be running within two instruction cycles of the RESET pin going high.
RESET may also be used to exit this device from the HALT
mode.
Some registers are reset to a known state, whereas other
registers and RAM are “unchanged” by reset. When the controller goes into reset state while it is performing a write operation to one of these registers or RAM that are “unchanged” by reset, the register or RAM value will become
unknown (i.e. not unchanged). This is because the write operation is terminated prematurely by reset and the results
become uncertain. These registers and RAM locations are
unchanged by reset only if they are not written to when the
controller resets.
Reset
This device enters a reset state immediately upon detecting
a logic low on the RESET pin. The RESET pin must be held
low for a minimum of one instruction cycle to guarantee a
valid reset. During power-up initialization, the user must insure that the RESET pin is held low until this device is within
the specified VCC voltage. An R/C circuit on the RESET pin
with a delay 5 times (5x) greater than the power supply rise
time is recommended.
When the RESET input goes low, the I/O ports are initialized
immediately, with any observed delay being only propagation delay. When the RESET pin goes high, this device
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8
COP87L88RW
Reset
(Continued)
The following initializations occur with RESET :
Port L: TRI-STATE
Port C: TRI-STATE
Port G: TRI-STATE
Port E: TRI-STATE
Port F: TRI-STATE
Port D: HIGH
PC: CLEARED
PSW, CNTRL and ICNTRL registers: CLEARED
SIOR:
UNAFFECTED after RESET with power already applied
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
T1CNTRL: CLEARED
T2CNTRL: CLEARED
TxRA, TxRB: RANDOM
CCMR1, CCMR2: CLEARED
CM1PSC, CM1CRL, CM1CRH, CM2PSC, CM2CRL, and
CM2CRH:
UNAFFECTED after RESET with power already applied
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
CCR1 and CCR2: CLEARED
CxPRH, CxPRL, CxCTH, and CxCTL:
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
PSR, ENUR and ENUI: CLEARED
ENU: CLEARED except Bit 1 (TBMT) = 1
Accumulator, Timer 1 and Timer 2:
RANDOM after RESET with crystal clock option (power already applied)
UNAFFECTED after RESET with RC clock option (power already applied)
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
MDCR: CLEARED
MDR1, MDR2, MDR3, MDR4, MDR5: RANDOM
WKEN, WKEDG: CLEARED
WKPND: RANDOM
S Register: CLEARED
SP (Stack Pointer): Loaded with 6F Hex
B and X Pointers:
UNAFFECTED after RESET with power already applied
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
RAM:
UNAFFECTED after RESET with power already applied
RANDOM after RESET at power-on
The external RC network shown in Figure 6 should be used
to ensure that the RESET pin is held low until the power supply to the chip stabilizes.
DS012855-6
RC
> 5 x POWER SUPPLY RISE TIME
FIGURE 6. Recommended Reset Circuit
Oscillator Circuits
The chip can be driven by a clock input on the CKI input pin
which can be between DC and 10 MHz. The CKO output
clock is on pin G7 (crystal configuration), The CKI input frequency is divided down by 10 to produce the instruction
cycle clock (tc).
Figure 7 shows the Crystal diagram
DS012855-7
FIGURE 7. Crystal Diagram
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
CKI and CKO can be connected to make a closed loop crystal (or resonator) controlled oscillator.
Table 1 shows the component values required for various
standard crystal values.
TABLE 1. CrystaI Oscillator Configuration, TA = 25˚C
R1
(kΩ)
R2
(MΩ)
C1
(pF)
C2
(pF)
CKI
Freq
(MHz)
Conditions
0
1
30
30–36
10
VCC = 5V
0
1
30
30–36
4
VCC = 5V
0
1
200
100–150
0.455
VCC = 5V
Control Registers
CNTRL Register (Address X’00EE)
The Timer1 (T1) and MICROWIRE/PLUS control register
contains the following bits:
SL1 & Select the MICROWIRE/PLUS clock divide by (00 =
SL0
2, 01 = 4, 1x = 8)
IEDG External interrupt edge polarity select (0 = Rising
edge, 1 = Falling edge)
MSEL Selects G5 and G4 as MICROWIRE/PLUS signals
SK and SO respectively
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COP87L88RW
Control Registers
(Continued)
T2C0
Timer T2 Start/Stop control in timer modes 1 and
2 Timer T2 Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in
timer mode 3
T1C0
Timer T1 Start/Stop control in timer modes 1 and 2
T1 Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in timer mode 3
T2C1
Timer T2 mode control bit
T1C1
Timer T1 mode control bit
T2C2
Timer T2 mode control bit
T1C2
Timer T1 mode control bit
T2C3
Timer T2 mode control bit
T1C3
Timer T1 mode control bit
T1C3
T1C2
T1C1
T1C0
MSEL
T2C3
IEDG
SL1
Bit 7
Bit 0
HC
C T1PNDA
T1ENA EXPND
BUSY
EXEN
T0PND
T0EN
µWPND
µWEN
T1PNDB
GIE
T2PNDB
T2ENB
Bit 0
TIMER T1 AND TIMER T2
The device has a set of two powerful timer/counter blocks,
T1 and T2. The associated features and functioning of a
timer block are described by referring to the timer block Tx.
Since the two timer blocks, T1 and T2 are identical, all comments are equally applicable to either of the two timer
blocks.
Each timer block consists of a 16-bit timer, Tx, and two supporting 16-bit autoreload/capture registers, RxA and RxB.
Each timer block has two pins associated with it, TxA and
TxB. The pin TxA supports I/O required by the timer block,
while the pin TxB is an input to the timer block. The powerful
and flexible timer block allows the device to easily perform all
timer functions with minimal software overhead. The timer
block has three operating modes: Processor Independent
PWM mode, External Event Counter mode, and Input Capture mode.
The control bits TxC3, TxC2, and TxC1 allow selection of the
different modes of operation.
T1ENB
Bit 0
T2CNTRL Register (Address X’00C6)
The T2CNTRL register contains the following bits:
T2ENB
Timer T2 Interrupt Enable for T2B Input capture
edge
T2PNDB Timer T2 Interrupt Pending Flag for T2B capture
edge
T2ENA
Timer T2 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or
T2A Input capture edge
T2PNDA Timer T2 Interrupt Pending Flag (Auto reload RA
in mode 1, T2 Underflow in mode 2, T2A capture
edge in mode 3)
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T2ENA
• Exit out of the Idle Mode (See Idle Mode description)
• Start up delay out of the HALT mode
The IDLE Timer T0 can generate an interrupt when the thirteenth bit toggIes. This toggle is Iatched into the T0PND
pending flag, and wiIl occur every 4 ms at the maximum
clock frequency (tc = 1 µs). A control flag T0EN allows the interrupt from the thirteenth bit of Timer T0 to be enabled or
disabIed. Setting T0EN will enable the interrupt, while resetting it will disable the interrupt.
Bit 0
LPEN
T2PNDA
TIMER T0 (IDLE TIMER)
The device supports applications that require maintaining
reaI time and Iow power with the IDLE mode. This IDLE
mode support is furnished by the IDLE timer T0, which is a
16-bit timer. The Timer T0 runs continuously at the fixed rate
of the instruction cycle cIock, tc. The user cannot read or
write to the IDLE Timer T0, which is a count down timer.
The Timer T0 supports the following functions:
ICNTRL Register (Address X’00E8)
The ICNTRL register contains the foIlowing bits:
T1ENB
Timer T1 Interrupt Enable for T1B Input capture
edge
T1PNDB Timer T1 Interrupt Pending Flag for T1B capture
edge
µWEN
EnabIe MICROWIRE/PLUS interrupt
µWPND MICROWIRE/PLUS interrupt pending
T0EN
Timer T0 Interrupt Enable (Bit 12 toggle)
T0PND
Timer T0 Interrupt pending
LPEN
L Port Interrupt Enable (Multi-Input Wake up/
Interrupt)
Bit 7 couId be used as a flag
Unused
T2C0
The device contains a very versatile set of timers (T0, T1,
T2). All timers and associated autoreload/capture registers
power up containing random data.
The Half-Carry fIag is aIso affected by aII the instructions
that affect the Carry fIag. The SC (Set Carry) and RC (Reset
Carry) instructions wilI respectiveIy set or clear both the
carry flags. In addition to the SC and RC instructions, ADC,
SUBC, RRC and RLC instructions affect the Carry and Half
Carry fIags.
Bit 7
T2C1
Timers
PSW Register (Address X’00EF)
The PSW register contains the following select bits:
GIE
GIobaI interrupt enable (enables interrupts)
EXEN
EnabIe externaI interrupt
BUSY
MICROWIRE/PLUS busy shifting flag
EXPND ExternaI interrupt pending
T1ENA
Timer T1 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or
T1A Input capture edge
T1PNDA Timer T1 Interrupt Pending Flag (Autoreload RA
in mode 1, T1 Underflow in Mode 2, T1A capture
edge in mode 3)
C
Carry FIag
HC
Half Carry Flag
Bit 7
T2C2
Bit 7
SL0
Mode 1. Processor Independent PWM Mode
As the name suggests, this mode allows the device to generate a PWM signal with very minimal user intervention. The
user only has to define the parameters of the PWM signal
(ON time and OFF time). Once begun, the timer block will
continuously generate the PWM signal completely independent of the microcontroller. The user software services the
timer block only when the PWM parameters require updating.
In this mode the timer Tx counts down at a fixed rate of tc.
Upon every underflow the timer is alternately reloaded with
10
Setting the timer enable flag TxENB will cause an interrupt
when a timer underflow causes the RxB register to be reloaded into the timer. Resetting the timer enable flags will
disable the associated interrupts.
(Continued)
the contents of supporting registers, RxA and RxB. The very
first underflow of the timer causes the timer to reload from
the register RxA. Subsequent underflows cause the timer to
be reloaded from the registers alternately beginning with the
register RxB.
The Tx Timer control bits, TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1 set up the
timer for PWM mode operation.
Either or both of the timer underflow interrupts may be enabled. This gives the user the flexibility of interrupting once
per PWM period on either the rising or falling edge of the
PWM output. Alternatively, the user may choose to interrupt
on both edges of the PWM output.
Figure 8 shows a block diagram of the timer in PWM mode.
The underfIows can be programmed to toggle the TxA output
pin. The underfIows can also be programmed to generate interrupts.
UnderfIows from the timer are alternately latched into two
pending flags, TxPNDA and TxPNDB. The user must reset
these pending fIags under software control. Two control enabIe fIags, TxENA and TxENB, alIow the interrupts from the
timer underflow to be enabled or disabled. Setting the timer
enable flag TxENA wilI cause an interrupt when a timer underflow causes the RxA register to be reloaded into the timer.
Mode 2. ExternaI Event Counter Mode
This mode is quite similar to the processor independent
PWM mode described above. The main difference is that the
timer, Tx, is cIocked by the input signal from the TxA pin. The
Tx timer control bits, TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1 allow the timer to
be clocked either on a positive or negative edge from the
TxA pin. Underflows from the timer are Iatched into the
TxPNDA pending flag. Setting the TxENA control flag will
cause an interrupt when the timer underflows.
DS012855-8
FIGURE 8. Timer in PWM Mode
DS012855-9
FIGURE 9. Timer in External Event Counter Mode
Figure 9 shows a block diagram of the timer in External
Event Counter mode.
In this mode the input pin TxB can be used as an independent positive edge sensitive interrupt input if the TxENB control flag is set. The occurrence of a positive edge on the TxB
input pin is latched into the TxPNDB flag.
Note: The PWM output is not available in this mode since the TxA pin is being
used as the counter input clock.
11
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COP87L88RW
Timers
COP87L88RW
Timers
The control flag TxENA allows the interrupt on TxA to be either enabled or disabled. Setting the TxENA flag enables interrupts to be generated when the selected trigger condition
occurs on the TxA pin. Similarly, the flag TxENB controls the
interrupts from the TxB pin.
(Continued)
Mode 3. Input Capture Mode
The device can precisely measure external frequencies or
time external events by placing the timer block, Tx, in the input capture mode.
Underflows from the timer can also be programmed to generate interrupts. Underflows are latched into the timer TxC0
pending flag (the TxC0 control bit serves as the timer underflow interrupt pending flag in the Input Capture mode). Consequently, the TxC0 control bit should be reset when entering the Input Capture mode. The timer underflow interrupt is
enabled with the TxENA control flag. When a TxA interrupt
occurs in the Input Capture mode, the user must check both
the TxPNDA and TxC0 pending flags in order to determine
whether a TxA input capture or a timer underflow (or both)
caused the interrupt.
In this mode, the timer Tx is constantly running at the fixed tc
rate. The two registers, RxA and RxB, act as capture registers. Each register acts in conjunction with a pin. The register
RxA acts in conjunction with the TxA pin and the register RxB
acts in conjunction with the TxB pin.
The timer value gets copied over into the register when a
trigger event occurs on its corresponding pin. Control bits,
TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1, allow the trigger events to be specified either as a positive or a negative edge. The trigger condition for each input pin can be specified independently.
The trigger conditions can also be programmed to generate
interrupts. The occurrence of the specified trigger condition
on the TxA and TxB pins will be respectively Iatched into the
pending flags, TxPNDA and TxPNDB.
Figure 10 shows a block diagram of the timer in Input Capture mode.
DS012855-10
FIGURE 10. Timer in Input Capture Mode
CAPTURE TIMER
This device contains two independent capture timers, Capture Timer 1 and Capture Timer 2. Each capture timer contains an 8-bit programmable prescaler register, a 16-bit
down counter, a 16-bit input capture register, and capture
edge select logic. The 16-bit down counter is clocked at a
specific frequency determined by the value loaded into the
prescaler register. A selected positive or negative edge transition on the capture input causes the contents of the down
counter to be latched into the capture register. The values
captured in the registers reflect the elapsed time between
two positive or two negative transitions on the capture input.
The time between a positive and negative edge (a pulse
width) may be measured if the selected capture edge is
switched after the first edge is captured. Each capture timer
may be stopped/started under software control, and each
capture timer may be configured to interrupt the microcontroller on an underflow or input capture.
TIMER CONTROL FLAGS
The timers T1 and T2 have identical control structures. The
control bits and their functions are summarized below.
TxC0
Timer Start/Stop control in Modes 1 and 2 (Processor Independent PWM and External Event
Counter), where 1 = Start, 0 = Stop Timer UnderfIow Interrupt Pending Flag in Mode 3 (Input Capture)
TxPNDA Timer Interrupt Pending Flag
TxPNDB Timer Interrupt Pending Flag
TxENA
Timer Interrupt Enable Flag
TxENB
Timer Interrupt Enable Flag
1 = Timer Interrupt Enabled
0 = Timer Interrupt Disabled
TxC3
Timer Mode Control
TxC2
Timer Mode Control
TxC1
Timer Mode Control
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Figure 11 shows the capture timer 1 block diagram.
12
COP87L88RW
Timers
(Continued)
The timer mode control bits (TxC3, TxC2 and TxC1) are detailed below:
TABLE 2. Timer Mode Control
Interrupt B
Source
Timer
Counts On
Timer Underflow
Positive TxB Edge
TxA Positive Edge
MODE 2 (External Event
Counter)
Timer Underflow
Positive TxB Edge
TxA Negative
Edge
1
MODE 1 (PWM) TxA Toggle
Autoreload RA
Autoreload RB
tc
0
MODE 1 (PWM) No TxA Toggle
Autoreload RA
Autoreload RB
tc
1
0
MODE 3 (Capture) Captures:
TxA Positive Edge
TxB Positive Edge
Positive TxA Edge or
Timer Underflow
Positive TxB Edge
tc
1
1
0
MODE 3 (Capture) Captures:
TxA Positive Edge
TxB Negative Edge
Positive TxA Edge or
Timer Underflow
Negative TxB
Edge
tc
0
1
1
MODE 3 (Capture) Captures:
TxA Negative Edge
TxB Positive Edge
Negative TxA Edge
or
Timer Underflow
Positive TxB Edge
tc
1
1
1
MODE 3 (Capture) Captures:
TxA Negative Edge
TxB Negative Edge
Negative TxA Edge
or
Timer Underflow
Negative TxB
Edge
tc
TxC3
TxC2
TxC1
0
0
0
MODE 2 (External Event
Counter)
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
Interrupt A
Source
Timer Mode
DS012855-11
FIGURE 11. Capture Timer 1 Block Diagram
13
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COP87L88RW
Timers
ment is dependent on the frequency at which the down
counter is clocked. The vaIue Ioaded into the prescaler controls this frequency.
(Continued)
The registers shown in the block diagram include those for
Capture Timer 1 (CM1), as well as, the capture timer 1 control register. These registers are read/writable (with the exception of the capture registers, which are read-only) and
may be accessed through the data memory address/data
bus. The registers are designated as:
CM1PSC Capture Timer 1 Prescaler (8-bit)
CM1CRL Capture Timer 1 Capture Register (Low-byte),
read-only
CM1CRH Capture Timer 1 Capture Register (High-byte),
read-only
CM2PSC Capture Timer 2 Prescaler (8-bit)
CM2CRL Capture Timer 2 Capture Register (Low-byte),
read-only
CM2CRH Capture Timer 2 Capture Register (High-byte),
read-only
CCMR1 Control Register for Capture Timer 1
CCMR2 Control Register for Capture Timer 2
The prescaIer is clocked by CKI, while the down counter is
clocked on every underfIow of the prescaler. This means the
prescaIer simpIy divides the CKI cIock before it is fed into the
down counter. The prescaler register must be Ioaded with a
vaIue corresponding to the CKI divisor needed to produce
the desired down counter clock. The appropriate prescaler
vaIue can be determined using the following equation:
Down Counter Clock Frequency = CKI/(CMxPSC + 1)
The capture input signaI is set up by configuring the port pin
associated with the capture timer as an input. The edge
seIect bit for the capture input is then set or reset according
to the desired transition. If the pin is configured as an input,
the appropriate externaI transition will cause a capture. If the
pin is configured as an output, toggling the data register bit
wiIl cause a capture. If interrupts are used, the capture timer
interrupt pending bits are cIeared and the capture timer interrupt enable bit is set. Both interrupt sources, down counter
underflow and input capture edge, are enabled/disabled with
the same CMxIEN bit. The GIE bit must also be set to enable
interrupts. The interrupt signals from the two capture timers
are gated to a single 16-bit interrupt vector located at addresses 0xE6 and 0xE7.
The capture timer is started by writing a “1” to the capture
timer start/stop bit. Setting this bit also enables the port pin to
be the capture input to the capture timer. The internal prescaler is loaded with the contents of the prescaler register,
and begins counting down. Setting the start/stop bit also
loads the down counter with 0FFFF Hex. The prescaler is
clocked by CKI. An underflow of the prescaler decrements
the 16-bit down counter, and reloads the value from the prescaler register into the prescaler. Each additional underflow of
the prescaler decrements the down counter, and reloads the
prescaler from the prescaler register.
If a selected edge transition on the input capture pin occurs,
the contents of the down counter are immediately latched
into the capture register, the down counter is re-initialized to
0FFFF Hex, and the capture input pending flag is set. The
prescaler counter is not loaded. (In order for an input transition to be guaranteed recognized, the signal on the capture
input pin must have a low pulse width and a high pulse width
of at least one CKI period.) If interrupts are enabled, the capture timer generates an interrupt. The prescaler and down
counter continue to operate until a reset condition occurs or
the capture timer start/stop bit is reset. The user must process capture interrupts faster than the capture input frequency, otherwise input captures may be lost or erroneous
values may be read.
If the down counter underflows (changes state from 0000 to
FFFF) before a capture input is detected, the underflow interrupt pending flag is set. If interrupts are enabled, the capture timer generates an interrupt.
The capture timer may be stopped at any time under software control by resetting the capture timer start/stop bit. A
capture may occur before the start/stop bit is physically
cIeared, due to the fully asynchronous nature of the input
capture signal. The user must ensure that the software
handles this situation correctly. If the user wishes to process
this capture and interrupts are being used, the capture timer
interrupts should not be disabIed prior to stopping the timer.
If interrupts are not being used, the user should poll the capture timer pending bits after stopping the timer. If the user
wishes to ignore this capture and interrupts are being used,
the capture timer interrupt service routine should check that
CONTROL REGISTER BITS
The control bits for Capture Timer 1 (CM1) and Capture
Timer 2 (CM2) are contained in CCMR1 and CCMR2.
The CCMR1 Register Bits are:
CM1RUN CM1 start/stop control bit (1 = start; 0 = stop)
CM1IEN CM1 interrupt enable control bit (1 = enable IRQ)
CM1IP1
CM1 interrupt pending bit 1 (1 = CM1 underflowed)
CM1IP2
CM1 interrupt pending bit 2 (1 = CM1 captured)
CM1EC
Select the active edge for capture on CM1 (0 =
rising, 1 = falling)
CM1TM
CM1 test mode control bit (1 = special test path
in test mode. This bit is reserved during normal
operation, and must never be set to one.)
CM1
TM
unused
unused
CM1
EC
CM1
IP2
CM1
IP1
CM1
IEN
Bit 7
CM1
RUN
Bit 0
All interrupt pending bits must be reset by software.
The CCMR2 Register Bits are:
CM2RUN CM2 start/stop control bit (1 start; 0=stop)
CM2IEN CM2 interrupt enable control bit (1= enable IRQ)
CM2IP1
CM2 interrupt pending bit 1 (1=CM2 underflowed)
CM2IP2
CM2 interrupt pending bit 2 (1=CM2 captured)
CM2EC
Select the active edge for capture on CM2 (0 =
rising, 1 = falling)
CM2TM
CM2 test mode control bit (1 = speciaI test path
in test mode. This bit is reserved during normal
operation, and must never be set to one.)
CM2
TM
unused
unused
CM2
EC
CM2
IP2
CM2
IP1
CM2
IEN
Bit 7
CM2
RUN
Bit 0
AII interrupt pending bits must be reset by software.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The capture timer is used to determine the time between
events, where an event is simply a selected edge transition
on the capture input. The resolution of the time measure-
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14
(Continued)
the timer is still running prior to processing capture interrupts. If the user is polling the pending flags, these flags
should be cleared after the timer is stopped. The contents of
the prescaler and down counter remain unchanged while the
capture timer is stopped. The capture edge detect logic is
disabled, and no capture takes place even if an external capture signal occurs. The capture timer may be restarted under
software control by writing a “1” to the start/stop bit. This
causes the prescaler and down counter to be re-initialized.
The prescaler is loaded from the prescaler register, and the
down counter is loaded with 0FFFF Hex.
Reset CMxIP1 (CMxIP1 = 0)
5.
6.
Reset CMxIP2 (CMxIP2 = 0)
Load the 8-bit prescaler register CMxPSC with the desired value (from 0 to 255)
7.
Set CMxIEN (if interrupts are to be used)
8.
Set the Global Interrupt Enable (GIE) bit (if interrupts are
to be used)
Set CMxRUN bit to start the capture timer
9.
WARNING
In order to avoid erroneous interrupts, the capture timer interrupts must be disabled prior to setting/resetting the capture edge control bits (CMxEC). In addition, after selecting
the interrupt edge, the pending flags must be reset before
the capture interrupts are enabled or re-enabled. If the initialization sequence outlined above is followed each time the
user aIters the edge control bits, the user is guaranteed to
avoid erroneous interrupts.
RESET STATE
A reset signal applied to the counter block during normal operation has the following effects:
•
•
•
4.
Clear CCMR1 register
Clear CCMR2 register
CM1PSC, CMICRL, CM1CRH, CM2PSC, CM2CRL and
CM2CRH are unaffected. (At power-on, the contents of
these registers are undefined.)
The bi-directional port pins are initialized during reset as
HI-Z inputs. Setting the start/stop bits connects the pins to
the capture timers.
Pulse Train Generators
This device contains four independent pulse train generators. Each individual generator is controlled by a corresponding 16-bit counter. Each counter has a 16-bit prescaler and a
16-bit count register. Each counter may be configured to output a selected number of 50% duty cycle pulses. The contents of the prescaler determine the width of the output
pulses, and the value of the count register determines the
number of pulses. Each counter may be stopped/started under software control, and each counter may be configured to
interrupt the microcontroller on an underflow.
INITIALIZATION
The user should perform the following initialization prior to
starting the capture timer:
1. Reset the CMxRUN bit
2. Configure the corresponding Port bits as inputs
3. Set the edge control bits CMxEC
Figure 12 shows the pulse train generator 1 block diagram.
DS012855-12
FIGURE 12. Pulse Train Generator 1 Block Diagram
15
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COP87L88RW
Timers
COP87L88RW
Pulse Train Generators
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
(Continued)
The pulse train generator may be used to produce a series of
output pulses of a given width. The high/low time of a pulse
is determined by the contents of the prescaler. The number
of pulses in a series is determined by the contents of the
count register.
The four 8-bit registers shown in each individual counter in
the block diagram constitute a 16-bit prescaler and a 16-bit
count register. These registers are all read/writable and may
be accessed through the data memory address/data bus.
The registers are designated as:
CxPRL Low-byte of the Prescaler
CxPRH High-byte of the Prescaler
CxCTL Low-byte of the Count Register
CxCTH High-byte of the Count Register
The prescaler is loaded with a value corresponding to the
desired width of the output pulse (tw). The high time and low
time of the output signal are each equal to tw, therefore the
output signal produced has a 50% duty cycle and a period
equal to 2 * tw. The appropriate prescaler value can be determined using the following equation:
tw = [(PRH * 256) + PRL + 1] * tc
CONTROL REGISTER BITS
The control bits for Counter 1 and Counter 2 are contained in
the CCR1 register. The CCR1 Register bits are:
C1RUN COUNTER1 start/stop control bit (1 = start; 0 =
stop)
C1IEN
COUNTER1 interrupt enable control bit (1 = enable IRQ)
C1IPND COUNTER1 interrupt pending bit (1 = counter 1
underflowed)
C1TM
COUNTER1 test mode control bit (1=special test
path in test mode. This bit is reserved during normal operation, and must never be set to one.)
C2RUN COUNTER2 start/stop control bit (1 = start; 0 =
stop)
C2IEN
COUNTER2 interrupt enable control bit (1= enable IRQ)
C2IPND COUNTER2 interrupt pending bit (1 = counter 2
underflowed)
C2TM
COUNTER2 test mode control bit (1=special test
path. This bit is reserved during normal operation,
and must never be set to one.)
All interrupt pending bits must be reset by software.
C2TM
C2
IPND
C2
IEN
C2
RUN
C1TM
C1
IPND
C1
IEN
Bit 7
Since PRH and PRL are both 8-bit registers, this equation allows a maximum tw of 65536 tc and a minimum tw of one tc.
The internal prescaler is automatically loaded from PRH and
PRL when the counter start/stop bit is set.
The count register is loaded with a value corresponding to
the desired number of output pulses. The appropriate count
value is calculated with the following equation:
Number of Pulses = CTH * 256 + CTL + 1
The port pin associated with the counter OUT signal is configured in software as an output, and preset to the desired
start logic level. lf interrupts are to be used, the counter interrupt pending bit is cleared and the interrupt enable bit is set.
The GIE bit must also be set to enable interrupts. The interrupt signals from the four counters are gated to a single interrupt vector located at addresses 0xF0–0xF1.
The counter is started by writing a “1” to the counter start/
stop bit. This resets the divide-by-2 counter which produces
the clock signal for the counter register from the prescaler
underflow (See Figure 12). It also reloads the internal prescaler and starts the prescaler counting down on the next rising edge of tc. The prescaler is clocked on the rising edge of
tc to ensure synchronization. Each subsequent rising edge of
tc causes the prescaler to be decremented. When the prescaler underflows, UFL1 is generated (see Figure 13). This
signal causes the port pin to toggle. In addition, the internal
prescaler is reloaded with the value from the PRH and PRL
registers. Each additional underflow of the prescaler causes
the port pin to toggle and reloads the internal prescaler.
Every second underflow of the prescaler generates the signal UFL2. (UFL2 occurs at half the frequency of UFL1, or
once per output pulse.) This signal, UFL2, decrements the
count register. Therefore, the count registers are decremented once per output pulse.
The underflow of the counter register produces the signal
UFL3. This signal stops the counter by resetting the counter
start/stop bit, and sets the counter interrupt pending flag. If
the counter interrupt is enabled, an interrupt occurs.
The counter may be stopped at any time under software control by resetting the counter start/stop bit. The contents of the
count register and the output on the associated port pin are
frozen. The counter may be restarted under software control
by setting the start/stop bit. The internal prescaler is automatically reloaded from PRH and PRL when the counter
start/stop bit is set, therefore a full width pulse will be generated before the output is toggled. The user may also choose
to alter the logic level on the port pin before restarting. This
is done by initializing the associated port pin data register bit.
A counter underflow may occur before the start/stop bit is
physically cleared by software. The user must ensure that
the software handles this situation correctly. If the user
wishes to process this underflow and interrupts are being
used, the counter interrupts should not be disabled prior to
C1
RUN
Bit 0
The control bits for Counter 3 and Counter 4 are contained in
the CCR2 register. The CCR2 Register bits are:
C3RUN COUNTER3 start stop control bit (1 =start; 0 =
stop)
C3IEN
COUNTER3 interrupt enable control bit (1 = enable IRQ)
C3IPND COUNTER3 interrupt pending Bit (1=counter 3
underflowed)
C3TM
COUNTER3 test mode control bit (1=special test
path. This bit is reserved during normal operation,
and must never be set to one.)
C4RUN COUNTER4 start/stop control bit (1 = start; 0 =
stop)
C4IEN
COUNTER4 interrupt enable control bit (1 = enable IRQ)
C4IPND COUNTER4 interrupt pending bit (1 =counter 4
underflowed
C4TM
COUNTER4 test mode control bit (1 =special test
path. This bit is reserved during normal operation,
and must never be set to one.)
C4TM
C4
IPND
C4
IEN
C4
RUN
C3TM
C3
IPND
C3
IEN
Bit 7
C3
RUN
Bit 0
All interrupt pending bits must be reset by software.
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16
INITIALIZATION
(Continued)
The user should perform the following initialization prior to
starting the counter:
stopping the timer. If interrupts are not being used, the user
should poll the counter pending bits after stopping the timer.
If the user wishes to ignore this underflow and interrupts are
being used, the counter interrupt should be disabled prior to
stopping the timer. If the user is polling the pending flags,
these flags should be cleared after the timer is stopped.
If the default level of the output pin is high (associated port
data register bit is set to “1”) and the counter is stopped during a low level, the low level becomes the default level. The
software must reinitialize the port pin to a high level before
restarting if necessary. The programmer may also have to
adjust the counter value.
1.
Load PRL register
2.
3.
Load PRH register
Load CTL register
4.
5.
6.
7.
Load CTH register
Reset CxIPND bit
Set CxIEN (if interrupt is to be used)
Configure the associated port bit as an output (if OUT is
to be used)
Set the Global Interrupt Enable (GIE) bit (if interrupt is to
be used)
Set CxRUN bit to start counter
8.
RESET STATE
A reset signal applied to the pulse train generator block during normal operation has the following effects:
9.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Counting stops immediately
This device contains a multiply/divide block. This block supports a 1 byte x 2 bytes (3 bytes result) multiply or a 3 bytes/
2 bytes (2 bytes result) divide operation. The multiply or divide operation is executed by setting control bits located in
the multiply/divide control register. The multiply or divide operands must be placed into the appropriate memory mapped
locations before the operation is initiated.
•
•
Divide-by-2 counter is reset
Multiply/Divide
Interrupt enable bit is reset to zero
Counter start/stop bit is reset to zero
Interrupt pending bit is reset to zero
Test mode controI bit is reset to zero
PRL, PRH, CTL and CTH are unaffected (At power-on reset, the contents of the prescaler and count register are
undefined.)
The bi-directional port pins are initialized during reset as
HI-Z inputs. The appropriate bits must be initialized as
outputs, in order to route the Counter OUT signals to the
port pins.
TABLE 3. Multiply/Divide Registers
Register
Name
(Address)
Multiplication Assignment
Before Operation
Division Assignment
After Operation
Before Operation
After Operation
MDR1 (xx98)
Unused
Unchanged
Low byte of dividend
Low byte of result
MDR2 (xx99)
Multiplier
Low byte of result
Middle byte of dividend
High byte of result
Middle byte of result
High byte of dividend
Undefined
MDR3 (xx9A)
MDR4 (xx9B)
Low byte of multiplicand
High byte of result
Low byte of divisor
Low byte of divisor
MDR5 (xx9C)
High byte of multiplicand
Unchanged
High byte of divisor
High byte of divisor
CONTROL REGISTER BITS
The Multiply/Divide control register (MDCR) is located at address xx9D. It has the following bit assignments:
MULT
Start Multiplication Operation (1 = start)
DIV
Start Division Operation (1 = start)
DIVOVF Division Overflow (if the result of a division is
greater than 16 bits or the user attempted to divide
by zero; 1 = error)
Rsvd
Bit 7
Rsvd
Rsvd
Rsvd
Rsvd
DIV
OVF
DIV
flag is cleared following a multiplication operation. DIVOVF
is a read-only bit. The MULT and DIV bits are read/writable.
Bits 3–7 in MDCR should not be used, as the MULT and DIV
operations will change their values.
MULTIPLY/DIVIDE OPERATION
For the multiply operation, the muItiplicand is placed at addresses xx9B and xx9C. The multiplier is placed at address
xx99. For the divide operation, the dividend is placed at addresses xx98 to xx9A and the divisor is placed at addresses
xx9B to xx9C. In both operations, all operands are interpreted as unsigned values. The divide or multiply operation
is started by setting the appropriate MDCR bit. If both the
MULT and DIV bits are set, the microcontroller performs a divide operation. (The user is not required to read or clear the
DIVOVF error bit prior to beginning a new multiply/divide operation. This bit is ignored during subsequent operations.
MULT
Bit 0
After the appropriate MDR registers are loaded, the MULT
and DIV start bits are set by the user to start a multiply or divide operation. The division operation has priority, if both bits
are set simultaneously. The MULT and DIV bits are BOTH
automatically cleared by hardware at the end of a divide or
multiply operation. Each division operation causes the
DIVOVF flag to be set/reset as appropriate. The DIVOVF
17
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COP87L88RW
Pulse Train Generators
COP87L88RW
Multiply/Divide
upon detecting a valid Wakeup signal, only the oscillator circuitry is enabled. The IDLE timer is loaded with a value of
256 and is clocked with the tc instruction cycle clock. The tc
clock is derived by dividing the oscillator clock down by a factor of 10. The Schmitt trigger following the CKI inverter on
the chip ensures that the IDLE timer is clocked only when the
oscillator has a sufficiently large amplitude to meet the
Schmitt trigger specifications. This Schmitt trigger is not part
of the oscillator closed loop. The startup timeout from the
IDLE timer enables the clock signals to be routed to the rest
of the chip.
The devices have two mask options associated with the
HALT mode. The first mask option enables the HALT mode
feature, while the second mask option disables the HALT
mode. With the HALT mode enable mask option, the device
will enter and exit the HALT mode as described above. With
the HALT disable mask option, the device cannot be placed
in the HALT mode (writing a “1” to the HALT flag will have no
effect, the HALT flag will remain “0”).
(Continued)
However, the next divide operation will overwrite the error
flag as appropriate, and the next multiply operation will clear
it.)
The multiply operation requires 1 instruction cycle to complete. The divide operation requires 2 instruction cycles to
complete. A divide by zero or a division which produces an
overflow requires only 1 instruction cycle to execute. The
MDR1 through MDR5 registers and the MDCR register can
not be read from or written to during a multiply or divide operation. Any attempt to write into these registers will be ignored. Any attempt to read these registers will return undefined data.
The result of a multiply is placed in addresses xx99-xx9B.
The result of a divide is placed in addresses xx98-xx99. If a
division by zero is attempted or if the resulting quotient of a
divide operation is more than 16 bits long, then the DIVOVF
bit is set in the multiply/divide control register. The dividend
and the divisor are left unchanged. The divide operation always causes the DIVOVF flag to be set or reset as appropriate. The DIVOVF flag is cleared following a multiply operation.
IDLE MODE
The device is placed in the IDLE mode by writing a “1” to the
IDLE flag (G6 data bit). In this mode, all activities, except the
associated on-board oscillator circuitry and the IDLE Timer
T0, are stopped.
As with the HALT mode, the device can be returned to normal operation with a reset, or with a Multi-Input Wake up
from the L Port. Alternately, the microcontroller resumes normal operation from the IDLE mode when the thirteenth bit
(representing 4.096 ms at internal clock frequency of
10 MHz, tc = 1 µs) of the IDLE Timer toggles.
This toggle condition of the thirteenth bit of the IDLE Timer
T0 is latched into the T0PND pending flag.
The user has the option of being interrupted with a transition
on the thirteenth bit of the IDLE Timer T0. The interrupt can
be enabled or disabled via the T0EN control bit. Setting the
T0EN flag enables the interrupt and vice versa.
The user can enter the IDLE mode with the Timer T0 interrupt enabled. In this case, when the T0PND bit gets set, the
device will first execute the Timer T0 interrupt service routine
and then return to the instruction following the “Enter Idle
Mode” instruction.
Alternatively, the user can enter the IDLE mode with the
IDLE Timer T0 interrupt disabled. In this case, the device will
resume normal operation with the instruction immediately
following the “Enter IDLE Mode” instruction.
RESET STATE
A reset signal applied to the device during normal operation
has the following affects:
MDCR is cleared, and any operation in progress is stopped.
MDR1 through MDR5 are undefined.
Power Save Modes
The device offers the user two power save modes of operation: HALT and IDLE. In the HALT mode, all microcontroller
activities are stopped. In the IDLE mode, the on-board oscillator circuitry and timer T0 are active but all other microcontroller activities are stopped. In either mode, all on-board
RAM, registers, I/O states, and timers (with the exception of
T0) are unaltered.
HALT MODE
The device can be placed in the HALT mode by writing a “1”
to the HALT flag (G7 data bit). All microcontroller activities,
including the clock and timers, are stopped. In the HALT
mode, the power requirements of the device are minimal and
the applied voltage (VCC) may be decreased to Vr (Vr =
2.0V) without altering the state of lhe machine.
The device supports two different ways of exiting the HALT
mode. The first method of exiting the HALT mode is with the
Multi-Input Wakeup feature on the L port. The second
method of exiting the HALT mode is by pulling the RESET
pin low.
Since a crystal or ceramic resonator may be selected as the
oscillator, the Wakeup signal is not allowed to start the chip
running immediately since crystal oscillators and ceramic
resonators have a delayed start up time to reach full amplitude and frequency stability. The IDLE timer is used to generate a fixed deIay to ensure that the oscilIator has indeed
stabilized before allowing instruction execution. In this case,
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Note: It is necessary to program two NOP instructions following both the set
HALT mode and set IDLE mode instructions. These NOP instructions
are necessary to allow clock resynchronization following the HALT or
IDLE modes.
Multi-Input Wakeup
The Multi-Input Wake Up feature is used to return (wake up)
the device from either the HALT or IDLE modes. Alternately
Multi-Input Wake Up/Interrupt feature may also be used to
generate up to 8 edge selectable external interrupts.
Figure 13 shows the Multi-Input Wake Up logic.
18
COP87L88RW
Multi-Input Wakeup
(Continued)
DS012855-13
FIGURE 13. Multi-Input Wake Up Logic
conditions. After the selected L port bits have been changed
from output to input but before the associated WKEN bits are
enabled, the associated edge select bits in WKEDG should
be set or reset for the desired edge selects, followed by the
associated WKPND bits being cleared,
This same procedure should be used following reset, since
the L port inputs are left floating as a result of reset.
The occurrence of the selected trigger condition for
Multi-Input Wake Up is latched into a pending register called
WKPND. The respective bits of the WKPND register will be
set on the occurrence of the selected trigger edge on the corresponding Port L pin. The user has the responsibility of
clearing these pending flags. Since WKPND is a pending
register for the occurrence of selected wake up conditions,
the device will not enter the HALT mode if any Wake Up bit
is both enabled and pending. Consequently, the user must
clear the pending flags before attempting to enter the HALT
mode.
WKEN, WKPND and WKEDG are all read/write registers,
and are cleared at reset.
The Multi-Input Wake Up feature utilizes the L Port. The user
selects which particular L port bit (or combination of L Port
bits) will cause the device to exit the HALT or IDLE modes.
The selection is done through the register WKEN. The register WKEN is an 8-bit read/write register, which contains a
control bit for every L port bit. Setting a particular WKEN bit
enables a Wake Up from the associated L port pin.
The user can select whether the trigger condition on the selected L Port pin is going to be either a positive edge (low to
high transition) or a negative edge (high to low transition).
This selection is made via the register WKEDG, which is an
8-bit control register with a bit assigned to each L Port pin.
Setting the control bit will select the trigger condition to be a
negative edge on that particular L Port pin. Resetting the bit
selects the trigger condition to be a positive edge. Changing
an edge select entails several steps in order to avoid a Wake
Up condition as a result of the edge change. First, the associated WKEN bit should be reset, followed by the edge select
change in WKEDG. Next, the associated WKPND bit should
be cleared, followed by the associated WKEN bit being reenabled.
An example may serve to clarify this procedure. Suppose we
wish to change the edge select from positive (low going high)
to negative (high going low) for L Port bit 5, where bit 5 has
previously been enabled for an input interrupt. The program
would be as follows:
RBIT
5,
WKEN
SBIT
5,
WKEDG
RBIT
5,
WKPND
PORT L INTERRUPTS
Port L provides the user with an additional eight fully selectable, edge sensitive interrupts which are all vectored into the
same service subroutine.
The interrupt from Port L shares logic with the wake up circuitry. The register WKEN allows interrupts from Port L to be
individually enabled or disabled. The register WKEDG specifies the trigger condition to be either a positive or a negative
edge. Finally, the register WKPND latches in the pending
trigger conditions.
The GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) bit enables the interrupt
function.
SB1T
5,
WKEN
If the L port bits have been used as outputs and then
changed to inputs with Multi-Input Wake Up/lnterrupt, a
safety procedure should also be followed to avoid wakeup
19
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COP87L88RW
Multi-Input Wakeup
buffer register (RBUF), a UART control and status register
(ENU), a UART receive control and status register (ENUR),
a UART interrupt and clock source register (ENUI), a prescaler select register (PSR) and baud (BAUD) register. The
ENU register contains flags for transmit and receive functions; this register also determines the length of the data
frame (7, 8 or 9 bits), the value of the ninth bit in transmission, and parity selection bits. The ENUR register flags framing, data overrun and parity errors while the UART is receiving.
Other functions of the ENUR register include saving the
ninth bit received in the data frame, enabling or disabling the
UART’s attention mode of operation and providing additional
receiver/transmitter status information via RCVG and XMTG
bits. The determination of an internal or external clock
source is done by the ENUI register, as well as selecting the
number of stop bits and enabling or disabling transmit and
receive interrupts. A control flag in this register can also select the UART mode of operation: asynchronous or
synchronous.
(Continued)
A control flag, LPEN, functions as a global interrupt enable
for Port L interrupts. Setting the LPEN flag will enable interrupts and vice versa. A separate global pending flag is not
needed since the register WKPND is adequate.
Since Port L is also used for waking the device out of the
HALT or lDLE modes, the user can elect to exit the HALT or
IDLE modes either with or without the interrupt enabled. If he
elects to disable the interrupt, then the device will restart execution from the instruction immediately following the instruction that placed the microcontroller in the HALT or IDLE
modes. In the other case, the device will first execute the interrupt service routine and then revert to normal operation.
(See HALT MODE for clock option wake up information.)
UART
The device contains a full-duplex software programmable
UART. The UART (Figure 14) consists of a transmit shift register, a receive shift register and seven addressable registers, as follows: a transmit buffer register (TBUF), a receiver
DS012855-14
FIGURE 14. UART Block Diagram
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20
PSEL1 = 1, PSEL1 = 1
(Continued)
Space(0) (if Parity enabled)
PEN: This bit enables/disables Parity (7- and 8-bit modes
only).
UART CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS
The operation of the UART is programmed through three
registers: ENU, ENUR and ENUI. The function of the individual bits in these registers is as follows:
PEN = 0
Parity disabled.
PEN = 1
Parity enabled.
ENU-UART Control and Status Register (Address at 0BA)
ENUR — UART RECEIVE CONTROL AND STATUS
REGISTER
RCVG: This bit is set high whenever a framing error occurs
and goes low when RDX goes high.
XMTG: This bit is set to indicate that the UART is transmitting. It gets reset at the end of the last frame (end of last Stop
bit).
ATTN: ATTENTION Mode is enabled while this bit is set.
This bit is cleared automatically on receiving a character with
data bit nine set.
RBIT9: Contains the ninth data bit received when the UART
is operating with nine data bits per frame.
SPARE: Reserved for future use.
PE: Flags a Parity Error.
PE = 0 Indicates no Parity Error has been detected since
the last time the ENUR register was read.
PE = 1 Indicates the occurrence of a Parity Error.
FE: Flags a Framing Error.
FE = 0 Indicates no Framing Error has been detected
since the last time the ENUR register was read.
FE = 1 Indicates the occurrence of a Framing Error.
DOE: Flags a Data Overrun Error.
DOE = 0 Indicates no Data Overrun Error has been detected since the last time the ENUR register was
read.
DOE = 1 Indicates the occurrence of a Data Overrun Error.
PEN
0RW
PSEL1
0RW
XBIT9/
PSEL0
0RW
CHL1
0RW
CHL0 ERR
0RW
0R
RBFL
0R
Bit 7
TBMT
IR
Bit 0
ENUR-UART Receive Control and Status Register (Address
at 0BB)
DOE
0RD
FE
0RD
PE
0RD
SPARE
0RW*
RBlT9
0R
ATTN XMTG
0RW
0R
Bit 7
RCVG
0R
Bit 0
ENUI-UART Interrupt and Clock Source Register (Address
at 0BC)
STP2
0RW
STP78 ETDX
0RW
0RW
SSEL XRCLK XTCLK ERI
0RW
0RW
0RW 0RW
Bit 7
*
0
1
R
RW
D
ETI
0RW
Bit 0
Bit is not used.
Bit is cleared on reset.
Bit is set to one on reset.
Bit is read-only; it cannot be written by software.
Bit is read/write.
Bit is cleared on read; when read by software as a one,
it is cleared automatically. Writing to the bit does not affect its state.
DESCRIPTION OF UART REGISTER BITS
ENU — UART CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTER
TBMT: This bit is set when the UART transfers a byte of data
from the TBUF register into the TSFT register for transmission. It is automatically reset when software writes into the
TBUF register.
RBFL: This bit is set when the UART has received a complete character and has copied it into the RBUF register. It is
automatically reset when software reads the character from
RBUF.
ERR: This bit is a global UART error flag which gets set if
any or a combination of the errors (DOE, FE, PE) occur.
CHL1, CHL0: These bits select the character frame format.
Parity is not included and is generated/verified by hardware.
CHL1 = 0, CHL0 = 0 The frame contains eight data bits.
CHL1 = 0, CHL0 = 1 The frame continues seven data
bits.
CHL1 = 1, CHL0 = 0 The frame continues nine data bits.
CHL1 = 1, CHL0 = 1 Loopback Mode selected. Transmitter output internally looped back to
receiver input. Nine bit framing format is used.
XBIT9/PSEL0: Programs the ninth bit for transmission when
the UART is operating with nine data bits per frame. For
seven or eight data bits per frame, this bit in conjunction with
PSEL1 selects parity.
PSEL1, PSEL0: Parity select bits.
PSEL1 = 0, PSEL0 = 0 Odd Parity (if Parity enabled)
PSEL1 = 0, PSEL1 = 1 Odd Parity (if Parity enabled)
PSEL1 = 1, PSEL0 = 0 Mark(1) (if Parity enabled)
ENUI — UART INTERRUPT AND CLOCK SOURCE
REGISTER
ETI: This bit enables/disables interrupt from the transmitter
section.
ETI = 0 Interrupt from the transmitter is disabled.
ETI = 1 Interrupt from the transmitter is enabled.
ERI: This bit enables/disables interrupt from the receiver
section.
ERI = 0 Interrupt from the receiver is disabled.
ERI = 1 Interrupt from the receiver is enabled.
XTCLK: This bit selects the clock source for the transmitter
section.
XTCLK = 0 The clock source is selected through the PSR
and BAUD registers.
XTCLK = 1 Signal on CKX (L1) pin is used as the clock.
XRCLK: This bit selects the clock source for the receiver
section.
XRCLK = 0 The clock source is selected through the PSR
and BAUD registers.
XRCLK = 1 Signal on CKX (L1) pin is used as the clock.
SSEL: UART mode select.
SSEL = 0 Asynchronous Mode.
SSEL = 1 Synchronous Mode.
ETDX: TDX (UART Transmit Pin) is the alternate function
assigned to Port L pin L2; it is selected by setting ETDX bit.
21
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COP87L88RW
UART
COP87L88RW
UART
Start bit. Upon sensing this low level, it waits for half a bit
time and samples again. If the RDX pin is still low, the receiver considers this to be a valid Start bit, and the remaining
bits in the character frame are each sampled a single time, at
the mid-bit position. Serial data input on the RDX pin is
shifted into the RSFT register. Upon receiving the complete
character, the contents of the RSFT register are copied into
the RBUF register and the Received Buffer Full Flag (RBFL)
is set. RBFL is automatically reset when software reads the
character from the RBUF register. RBUF is a read only register. There is also the RCVG bit which is set high when a
framing error occurs and goes low once RDX goes high.
TBMT, XMTG, RBFL and RCVG are read only bits.
(Continued)
To simulate line break generation, software should reset
ETDX bit and output logic zero to TDX pin through Port L
data and configuration registers.
STP78: This bit is set to program the last Stop bit to be 7/8th
of a bit in length.
STP2: This bit programs the number of Stop bits to be transmitted.
STP2 = 0 One Stop bit transmitted.
STP2 = 1 Two Stop bits transmitted.
Associated I/O Pins
SYNCHRONOUS MODE
In this mode data is transferred synchronously with the
clock. Data is transmitted on the rising edge and received on
the falling edge of the synchronous clock.
This mode is selected by setting SSEL bit in the ENUI register. The input frequency to the UART is the same as the
baud rate.
When an external clock input is selected at the CKX pin, data
transmit and receive are performed synchronously with this
clock through TDX/RDX pins.
If data transmit and receive are selected with the CKX pin as
clock output, the device generates the synchronous clock
output at the CKX pin. The internal baud rate generator is
used to produce the synchronous clock. Data transmit and
receive are performed synchronously with this clock.
Data is transmitted on the TDX pin and received on the RDX
pin. TDX is the alternate function assigned to Port L pin L2;
it is selected by setting ETDX (in the ENUI register) to one.
RDX is an inherent function of Port L pin L3, requiring no
setup.
The baud rate clock for the UART can be generated on-chip,
or can be taken from an external source. Port L pin L1 (CKX)
is the external clock I/O pin. The CKX pin can be either an input or an output, as determined by Port L Configuration and
Data registers (Bit 1). As an input, it accepts a clock signal
which may be selected to drive the transmitter and/or receiver. As an output, it presents the internal Baud Rate Generator output.
UART Operation
The UART has two modes of operation: asynchronous mode
and synchronous mode.
FRAMING FORMATS
The UART supports several serial framing formats (Figure
15). The format is selected using control bits in the ENU,
ENUR and ENUI registers.
The first format (1,1a, 1b, 1c) for data transmission
(CHL0 = 1, CHL1 = 0) consists of Start bit, seven Data bits
(excluding parity) and 7/8, one or two Stop bits. In applications using parity, the parity bit is generated and verified by
hardware.
The second format (CHL0 = 0, CHL1 = 0) consists of one
Start bit, eight Data bits (excluding parity) and 7/8, one or
two Stop bits. Parity bit is generated and verified by hardware.
The third format for transmission (CHL0 = 0, CHL1 = 1) consists of one Start bit, nine Data bits and 7/8, one or two Stop
bits. This format also supports the UART “ATTENTION” feature. When operating in this format, all eight bits of TBUF
and RBUF are used for data. The ninth data bit is transmitted
and received using two bits in the ENU and ENUR registers,
called XBIT9 and RBIT9. RBIT9 is a read only bit. Parity is
not generated or verified in this mode.
ASYNCHRONOUS MODE
This mode is selected by resetting the SSEL (in the ENUI
register) bit to zero. The input frequency to the UART is 16
times the baud rate.
The TSFT and TBUF registers double-buffer data for transmission. While TSFT is shifting out the current character on
the TDX pin, the TBUF register may be loaded by software
with the next byte to be transmitted. When TSFT finishes
transmitting the current character the contents of TBUF are
transferred to the TSFT register and the Transmit Buffer
Empty Flag (TBMT in the ENU register) is set. The TBMT
flag is automatically reset by the UART when software loads
a new character into the TBUF register. There is also the
XMTG bit which is set to indicate that the UART is transmitting. This bit gets reset at the end of the last frame (end of
last Stop bit). TBUF is a read/write register.
The RSFT and RBUF registers double-buffer data being received. The UART receiver continually monitors the signal
on the RDX pin for a low level to detect the beginning of a
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22
COP87L88RW
UART Operation
(Continued)
DS012855-15
FIGURE 15. Framing Formats
of program memory space are reserved for each interrupt
vector. The two vectors are located at addresses 0xEC to
0xEF Hex in the program memory space. The interrupts can
be individually enabled or disabled using Enable Transmit Interrupt (ETl) and Enable Receive Interrupt (ERl) bits in the
ENUI register.
The interrupt from the Transmitter is set pending, and remains pending, as long as both the TBMT and ETl bits are
set. To remove this interrupt, software must either clear the
ETI bit or write to the TBUF register (thus clearing the TBMT
bit).
The interrupt from the receiver is set pending, and remains
pending, as long as both the RBFL and ERI bits are set. To
remove this interrupt, software must either clear the ERl bit
or read from the RBUF register (thus clearing the RBFL bit).
For any of the above framing formats, the last Stop bit can
be programmed to be 7/8th of a bit in length. If two Stop bits
are selected and the 7/8th bit is set (selected), the second
Stop bit will be 7/8th of a bit in length.
The parity is enabled/disabled by PEN bit located in the ENU
register. Parity is selected for 7- and 8-bit modes only. If parity is enabled (PEN = 1), the parity selection is then performed by PSEL0 and PSEL1 bits located in the ENU register.
Note that the XBIT9/PSEL0 bit located in the ENU register
serves two mutually exclusive functions. This bit programs
the ninth bit for transmission when the UART is operating
with nine data bits per frame. There is no parity selection in
this framing format. For other framing formats XBIT9 is not
needed and the bit is PSEL0 used in conjunction with PSEL1
to select parity.
The frame formats for the receiver differ from the transmitter
in the number of Stop bits required. The receiver only requires one Stop bit in a frame, regardless of the setting of the
Stop bit selection bits in the control register. Note that an implicit assumption is made for full duplex UART operation that
the framing formats are the same for the transmitter and receiver.
Baud Clock Generation
The clock inputs to the transmitter and receiver sections of
the UART can be individually selected to come either from
an external source at the CKX pin (port L, pin L1) or from a
source selected in the PSR and BAUD registers. Internally,
the basic baud clock is created from the oscillator frequency
through a two-stage divider chain consisting of a 1–16 (increments of 0.5) prescaler and an 11-bit binary counter
(Figure 16).The divide factors are specified through two
read/write registers shown in Figure 17. Note that the 11-bit
Baud Rate Divisor spills over into the Prescaler Select Register (PSR). PSR is cleared upon reset.
UART INTERRUPTS
The UART is capable of generating interrupts. Interrupts are
generated on Receive Buffer Full and Transmit Buffer Empty.
Both interrupts have individual interrupt vectors. Two bytes
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COP87L88RW
Baud Clock Generation
(Continued)
DS012855-16
FIGURE 16. UART BAUD Clock Generation
DS012855-17
FIGURE 17. UART BAUD Clock Divisor Registers
As shown in Table 5, a Prescaler Factor of 0 corresponds to
NO CLOCK. This condition is the UART power down mode
where the UART clock is turned off for power saving purpose. The user must also turn the UART clock off when a different baud rate is chosen.
The correspondences between the 5-bit Prescaler Select
and Prescaler factors are shown in Table 5. There are many
ways to calculate the two divisor factors, but one particularly
effective method would be to achieve a 1.8432 MHz frequency coming out of the first stage. The 1.8432 MHz prescaler output is then used to drive the software programmable
baud rate counter to create a 16x clock for the following baud
rates: 110, 134.5, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3600,
4800, 7200, 9600, 19200 and 38400 (Table 4). Other baud
rates may be created by using appropriate divisors. The 16x
clock is then divided by 16 to provide the rate for the serial
shift registers of the transmitter and receivers.
TABLE 5. Prescaler Factors
TABLE 4. Baud Rate Divisors
(1.8432 MHz PrescaIer Output)
Prescaler
Select
Prescaler
Factor
00000
NO CLOCK
00001
1
00010
1.5
00011
2
00100
2.5
00101
3
00110
3.5
00111
4
01000
4.5
01001
5
01010
5.5
01011
6
01100
6.5
Baud
Rate
Baud Rate
Divisor − 1 (N-1)
01101
7
01110
7.5
110 (110.03)
1046
01111
8
134.5 (134.58)
855
10000
8.5
150
767
10001
9
300
383
10010
9.5
191
10011
10
1200
95
10100
10.5
1800
63
10101
11
2400
47
10110
11.5
3600
31
10111
12
4800
23
11000
12.5
7200
15
11001
13
13.5
600
9600
11
11010
19200
5
11011
14
38400
2
11100
14.5
11101
15
Note 11: The entries in Table 4 assume a prescaIer output of 1.8432 MHz. In
asynchronous mode the baud rate could be as high as 625k.
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24
register. The Wakeup trigger condition is then selected to be
high to low transition. This is done via the WKEDG register
(Bit 3 is one).
(Continued)
TABLE 5. Prescaler Factors (Continued)
Prescaler
Select
Prescaler
Factor
11110
15.5
11111
16
If the device is halted and crystal oscillator is used, the Wake
Up signal will not start the chip running immediately because
of the finite start up time requirement of the crystal oscillator.
The idle timer (T0) generates a fixed (256 tc) delay to ensure
that the oscillator has indeed stabilized before allowing the
device to execute code. The user has to consider this delay
when data transfer is expected immediately after exiting the
HALT mode.
As an example, considering Asynchronous Mode and a CKI
clock of 4.608 MHz, the prescaler factor selected is:
4.608/1.8432 = 2.5
The 2.5 entry is available in Table 5. The 1.8432 MHz prescaler output is then used with proper Baud Rate Divisor
(Table 5) to obtain different baud rates. For a baud rate of
19200 e.g., the entry in Table 4 is 5.
N − 1 = 5 (N − 1 is the value from Table 4)
Diagnostic
Bits CHARL0 and CHARL1 in the ENU register provide a
Ioopback feature for diagnostic testing of the UART. When
these bits are set to one, the following occur: The receiver input pin (RDX) is internally connected to the transmitter output pin (TDX); the output of the Transmitter Shift Register is
“looped back” into the Receive Shift Register input. In this
mode, data that is transmitted is immediately received. This
feature allows the processor to verify the transmit and receive data paths of the UART.
Note that the framing format for this mode is the nine bit format; one Start bit, nine data bits, and 7/8, one or two Stop
bits. Parity is not generated or verified in this mode.
N = 6 (N is the Baud Rate Divisor)
Baud Rate = 1.8432 MHz/(16 x 6) = 19200
The divide by 16 is performed because in the asynchronous
mode, the input frequency to the UART is 16 times the baud
rate. The equation to calculate baud rates is given below.
The actual Baud Rate may be found from:
BR = Fc/(16 x N x P)
Where:
BR is the Baud Rate
Fc is the CKI frequency
N is the Baud Rate Divisor (Table 4).
Attention Mode
The UART Receiver section supports an alternate mode of
operation, referred to as ATTENTION Mode. This mode of
operation is selected by the ATTN bit in the ENUR register.
The data format for transmission must also be selected as
having nine Data bits and either 7/8, one or two Stop bits.
The ATTENTION mode of operation is intended for use in
networking the device with other processors. Typically in
such environments the messages consists of device addresses, indicating which of several destinations should receive them, and the actual data. This Mode supports a
scheme in which addresses are flagged by having the ninth
bit of the data field set to a 1. If the ninth bit is reset to a zero
the byte is a Data byte.
While in ATTENTION mode, the UART monitors the communication flow, but ignores all characters until an address
character is received. Upon receiving an address character,
the UART signals that the character is ready by setting the
RBFL flag, which in turn interrupts the processor if UART Receiver interrupts are enabled. The ATTN bit is also cleared
automatically at this point, so that data characters as well as
address characters are recognized. Software examines the
contents of the RBUF and responds by deciding either to accept the subsequent data stream (by leaving the ATTN bit reset) or to wait until the next address character is seen (by
setting the ATTN bit again).
Operation of the UART Transmitter is not affected by selection of this Mode. The value of the ninth bit to be transmitted
is programmed by setting XBIT9 appropriately. The value of
the ninth bit received is obtained by reading RBIT9. Since
this bit is located in ENUR register where the error flags reside, a bit operation on it will reset the error flags.
P is the Prescaler Divide Factor selected by the value in the
Prescaler Select Register (Table 5)
Note: In the Synchronous Mode, the divisor 16 is replaced by two.
Example:
Asynchronous Mode:
Crystal Frequency = 5 MHz
Desired baud rate = 9600
Using the above equation N x P can be calculated first.
N x P = (5 x 106)/(16 x 9600) = 32.552
Now 32.552 is divided by each Prescaler Factor (Table 5) to
obtain a value closest to an integer. This factor happens to
be 6.5 (P = 6.5).
N = 32.552/6.5 = 5.008 (N = 5)
The programmed value (from Table 4) should be 4 (N − 1).
Using the above values calculated for N and P:
BR = (5 x 106)/(16 x 5 x 6.5) = 9615.384
% error = (9615.385 − 9600)/9600 = 0.16
Effect of HALT/IDLE
The UART logic is reinitialized when either the HALT or IDLE
modes are entered. This reinitialization sets the TBMT flag
and resets all read only bits in the UART control and status
registers. Read/Write bits remain unchanged. The Transmit
Buffer (TBUF) is not affected, but the Transmit Shift register
(TSFT) bits are set to one. The receiver registers RBUF and
RSFT are not affected.
The device will exit from the HALT/IDLE modes when the
Start bit of a character is detected at the RDX (L3) pin. This
feature is obtained by using the Multi-Input Wakeup scheme
provided on the device.
Before entering the HALT or IDLE modes the user program
must select the Wakeup source to be on the RDX pin. This
selection is done by setting bit 3 of WKEN (Wakeup Enable)
Interrupts
The device supports a vectored interrupt scheme. It supports
a total of fourteen interrupt sources. Table 6 lists all the pos-
25
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COP87L88RW
Baud Clock Generation
COP87L88RW
Interrupts
interrupt enabled and pending at the time of the VIS. Note
that this is not necessarily the interrupt that caused the
branch to address location 00FF Hex prior to the context
switching.
(Continued)
sible device interrupt sources, their arbitration rankings and
the memory locations reserved for the interrupt vector for
each source.
Thus, if an interrupt with a higher rank than the one which
caused the interruption becomes active before the decision
of which interrupt to service is made by the VIS, then the interrupt with the higher rank will override any lower ones and
will be acknowledged. The lower priority interrupt(s) are still
pending, however, and will cause another interrupt immediately following the completion of the interrupt service routine
associated with the higher priority interrupt just serviced.
This lower priority interrupt will occur immediately following
the RETI (Return from Interrupt) instruction at the end of the
interrupt service routine just completed.
Inside the interrupt service routine, the associated pending
bit has to be cleared by software. The RETI (Return from Interrupt) instruction at the end of the interrupt service routine
will set the GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) bit, allowing the
processor to be interrupted again if another interrupt is active
and pending.
The VIS instruction looks at all the active interrupts at the
time it is executed and performs an indirect jump to the beginning of the service routine of the one with the highest
rank.
The addresses of the different interrupt service routines,
called vectors, are chosen by the user and stored in ROM in
a table starting at 01E0 (assuming that VIS is located between 00FF and 01DF). The vectors are 15-bit wide and
therefore occupy 2 ROM locations.
Two bytes of program memory space are reserved for each
interrupt source. All interrupt sources except the software interrupt are maskable. Each of the maskable interrupts have
an Enable bit and one or more Pending bits. A maskable interrupt is active if its associated enable and pending bits are
set. If GlE = 1 and an interrupt is active, then the processor
will be interrupted as soon as it is ready to start executing an
instruction except if the above conditions happen during the
Software Trap service routine. This exception is described in
the Software Trap sub-section.
The interruption process is accomplished with the INTR instruction (opcode 00), which is jammed inside the Instruction
Register and replaces the opcode about to be executed. The
following steps are performed for every interrupt:
1. The GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) bit is reset.
2. The address of the instruction about to be executed is
pushed into the stack.
3. The PC (Program Counter) branches to address 00FF.
This procedure takes 7 tc cycles to execute.
At this time, since GIE = 0, other maskable interrupts are
disabled. The user is now free to do whatever context
switching is required by saving the context of the machine in
the stack with PUSH instructions. The user would then program a VIS (Vector Interrupt Select) instruction in order to
branch to the interrupt service routine of the highest priority
TABLE 6. Interrupt Vector Table
ARBITRATION
RANKING
SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
VECTOR*
ADDRESS
(Hi-Low Byte)
(1) Highest
Software
(2)
Reserved
0yFE–0yFF
(3)
External
G0
0yFA-0yFB
(4)
Timer T0
Underflow
0yF8–0yF9
(5)
Timer T1
T1A/Underflow
0yF6–0yF7
(6)
Timer T1
T1B
0yF4-0yF5
(7)
MICROWIRE/PLUS
Busy Low
(8)
Counters
(9)
UART
Receive
0yEE–0yEF
(10)
UART
Transmit
0yEC–0yED
(11)
Timer T2
T2A/Underflow
0yEA–0yEB
(12)
Timer T2
T2B
0yE8–0yE9
(13)
Capture Timer 1 and 2
0yE6–0yE7
(14)
Unused
0yE4–0yE5
(15)
Port L/Wakeup
(16) Lowest
Default VIS
0yFC–0yFD
0yF2–0yF3
0yF0–0yF1
0yE2–0yE3
Reserved
0yE0–0yE1
Note 12: *y is a variable which represents the VIS block. VIS and the vector table must be located in the same 256-byte block except if VIS is located at the last
address of a block, In this case, the table must be in the next block.
VIS and the vector table must be located in the same
256-byte block (0y00 to 0yFF) except if VIS is located at the
last address of a block. In this case, the table must be in the
next block. The vector table cannot be inserted in the first
256-byte block (y ≠ 0).
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The vector of the maskable interrupt with the lowest rank is
located at 0yE0 (Hi-Order byte) and 0yE1 (Lo-Order byte)
and so forth in increasing rank number. The vector of the
maskable interrupt with the highest rank is located at 0yFA
(Hi-Order byte) and 0yFB (Lo-Order byte).
26
SOFTWARE TRAP
(Continued)
The Software Trap (ST) is a special kind of non-maskable interrupt which occurs when the INTR instruction (used to acknowledge interrupts) is fetched from ROM and placed inside the instruction register. This may happen when the PC
is pointing beyond the available ROM address space or
when the stack is over-popped.
The Software Trap has the highest rank and its vector is located at 0yFE and 0yFF.
If, by accident, a VIS gets executed and no interrupt is active, then the PC (Program Counter) will branch to a vector
located at 0yE0–0yE1.
WARNING
A Default VIS interrupt handler routine must be present. As a
minimum, this handler should confirm that the GIE bit is
cleared (this indicates that the interrupt sequence has been
taken), take care of any required housekeeping, restore ocntext and return. Some sort of Warm Restart procedure
should be implemented. These events can occur without any
error on the part of the system designer or programmer.
When an ST occurs, the user can re-initialize the stack
pointer and do a recovery procedure (similar to reset, but not
necessarily containing all of the same initialization procedures) before restarting.
The occurrence of an ST is latched into the ST pending bit.
The GIE bit is not affected and the ST pending bit (not accessible by the user ) is used to inhibit other interrupts and
to direct the program to the ST service routine with the VIS
instruction. The RPND instruction is used to clear the software interrupt pending bit. This pending bit is also cleared on
reset.
The ST has the highest rank among all interrupts.
Nothing (except another ST) can interrupt an ST being
serviced.
Note: There is always the possibility of an interrupt occurring during an instruction which is attempting to reset the GIE bit or any other interrupt
enable bit. If this occurs when a single cycle instruction is being used
to reset the interrupt enable bit, the interrupt enable bit will be reset but
an interrupt may still occur. This is because interrupt processing is
started at the same time as the interrupt bit is being reset. To avoid this
scenario, the user should always use a two, three, or four cycle instruction to reset interrupt enable bits.
Figure 18 shows the Interrupt block diagram.
DS012855-18
FIGURE 18. Interrupt Block Diagram
The subroutine stack grows down for each call (jump to subroutine), interrupt, or PUSH, and grows up for each return or
POR The stack pointer is initialized to RAM location 06F Hex
during reset. Consequently, if there are more returns than
calls, the stack pointer will point to addresses 070 and 071
Hex (which are undefined RAM). Undefined RAM from addresses 070 to 07F (Segment 0), 140 to 17F (Segment 1),
and all other segments (i.e., Segments 3... etc.) is read as all
1’s, which in turn will cause the program to return to address
Detection of Illegal Conditions
The device can detect various illegal conditions resulting
from coding errors, transient noise, power supply voltage
drops, runaway programs, etc.
Reading of undefined ROM gets zeroes. The opcode for
software interrupt is 00. If the program fetches instructions
from undefined ROM, this will force a software interrupt, thus
signaling that an illegal condition has occurred.
27
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COP87L88RW
Interrupts
COP87L88RW
Detection of Illegal Conditions
shift register (SIO) with serial data input (SI), serial data output (SO) and serial shift clock (SK). Figure 19 shows a block
diagram of the MICROWIRE/PLUS logic.
(Continued)
7FFF Hex. This is an undefined ROM location and the instruction fetched (all 0’s) from this location will generate a
software interrupt signaling an illegal condition.
Thus, the chip can detect the following illegal conditions:
1. Executing from undefined ROM
2. Over “POP”ing the stack by having more returns than
calls.
When the software interrupt occurs, the user can re-initialize
the stack pointer and do a recovery procedure before restarting (this recovery program is probably similar to that following reset, but might not contain the same program initialization procedures). The recovery program should reset the
software interrupt pending bit using the RPND instruction.
The shift clock can be selected from either an internal source
or an external source. Operating the MICROWIRE/PLUS arrangement with the internal clock source is called the Master
mode of operation. Similarly, operating the MICROWIRE/
PLUS arrangement with an external shift clock is called the
Slave mode of operation.
The CNTRL register is used to configure and control the
MICROWIRE/PLUS mode. To use the MICROWIRE/PLUS ,
the MSEL bit in the CNTRL register is set to one. In the master mode, the SK clock rate is selected by the two bits, SL0
and SL1, in the CNTRL register. Table 7 details the different
clock rates that may be selected.
TABLE 7. MICROWIRE/PLUS Master Mode Clock Select
MICROWIRE/PLUS
MICROWIRE/PLUS is a serial synchronous communications
interface. The MICROWIRE/PLUS capability enables the device to interface with any of National Semiconductor’s MICROWIRE peripherals (i.e., A/D converters, display drivers,
E2PROMs etc.) and with other microcontrollers which support the MICROWIRE interface. It consists of an 8-bit serial
SL1
SL0
0
0
SK Period
2 x tc
0
1
4 x tc
1
x
8 x tc
Where tc is the instruction cycle clock
DS012855-19
FIGURE 19. MICROWIRE/PLUS Block Diagram
MICROWIRE/PLUS Master Mode Operation
In the MICROWIRE/PLUS Master mode of operation the
shift clock (SK) is generated internally by the device. The MICROWIRE Master always initiates all data exchanges. The
MSEL bit in the CNTRL register must be set to enable the
SO and SK functions onto the G Port. The SO and SK pins
must also be selected as outputs by setting appropriate bits
in the Port G configuration register. Table 8 summarizes the
bit settings required for Master mode of operation.
MICROWIRE/PLUS OPERATION
Setting the BUSY bit in the PSW register causes the
MICROWIRE/PLUS to start shifting the data. It gets reset
when eight data bits have been shifted. The user may reset
the BUSY bit by software to allow less than 8 bits to shift. If
enabled, an interrupt is generated when eight data bits have
been shifted. The device may enter the MICROWIRE/PLUS
mode either as a Master or as a Slave. Figure 20 shows how
two devices, microcontrollers and several peripherals may
be interconnected using the MICROWIRE/PLUS arrangements.
MICROWIRE/PLUS Slave Mode Operation
In the MICROWIRE/PLUS Slave mode of operation the SK
clock is generated by an external source. Setting the MSEL
bit in the CNTRL register enables the SO and SK functions
onto the G Port. The SK pin must be selected as an input
and the SO pin is selected as an output pin by setting and resetting the appropriate bits in the Port G configuration register. Table 8 summarizes the settings required to enter the
Slave mode of operation.
This table assumes that the control flag MSEL is set.
Warning:
The SIO register should only be loaded when the SK clock is
low. Loading the SIO register while the SK clock is high will
resuIt in undefined data in the SIO register. SK clock is normally low when not shifting.
Setting the BUSY flag when the input SK clock is high in the
MICROWIRE/PLUS slave mode may cause the current SK
clock for the SIO shift register to be narrow. For safety, the
BUSY flag should only be set when the input SK clock is low.
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28
Alternate SK Phase Operation
(Continued)
The device allows either the normal SK clock or an alternate
phase SK clock to shift data in and out of the SIO register. in
both the modes the SK is normally low. In the normal mode
data is shifted in on the rising edge of the SK clock and the
data is shifted out on the falling edge of the SK clock. The
SIO register is shifted on each falling edge of the SK clock.
In the alternate SK phase operation, data is shifted in on the
falling edge of the SK clock and shifted out on the rising edge
of the SK clock.
A control flag, SKSEL, allows either the normal SK clock or
the alternate SK clock to be selected. Resetting SKSEL
causes the MICROWIRE/PLUS logic to be clocked from the
normal SK signal. Setting the SKSEL flag selects the alternate SK clock. The SKSEL is mapped into the G6 configuration bit. The SKSEL flag will power up in the reset condition,
selecting the normal SK signal.
TABLE 8. MICROWIRE Mode Settings
G4 (SO)
Config.
Bit
G5 (SK)
Config.
Bit
1
1
SO
Int.
SK
MICROWIRE/
PLUS Master
0
1
TRISTATE
Int.
SK
MICROWlRE/
PLUS Master
1
0
SO
Ext.
SK
MlCROWlRE/
PLUS Slave
0
0
TRlSTATE
Ext.
SK
MICROWlRE/
PLUS Slave
G4
Fun.
G5
Fun.
Operation
The user must set the BUSY flag immediately upon entering
the Slave mode. This will ensure that all data bits sent by the
Master will be shifted properly. After eight clock pulses the
BUSY flag will be cleared and the sequence may be repeated.
DS012855-20
FIGURE 20. MICROWIRE/PLUS Application
Memory Map
All RAM, ports and registers (except A and PC) are mapped into data memory address space.
ADDRESS
S/ADD REG
CONTENTS
0000 to 006F
112 On-Chip RAM Bytes
0070 to 007F
Unused RAM Address Space
(reads as all 1’s)
xx80 to xx8F
Unused RAM Address Space
(reads undefined data)
xx90
Port E Data Register
xx91
Port E Configuration Register
xx92
Port E Input Pins (read only)
xx93
Reserved
xx94
Port F Data Register
xx95
Port F Configuration Register
xx96
Port F Input Pins (read only)
29
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COP87L88RW
MICROWIRE/PLUS
COP87L88RW
Memory Map
(Continued)
ADDRESS
S/ADD REG
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CONTENTS
xx97
Reserved
xx98
Dividend or Result Byte (MDR1)
xx99
Dividend/Multiplier or Result Byte (MDR2)
xx9A
Dividend/Result Byte or Undefined (MDR3)
xx9B
Divisor/Multiplicand or Result Byte (MDR4)
xx9C
Divisor or Multiplicand Byte(MDR5)
xx9D
MuItiply/Divide Control Register (MDCR)
xx9E
Counter Control 1 Register (CCR1)
xx9F
Counter Control 2 Register (CCR2)
xxA0
Counter 1 Prescaler Lower Byte (C1PRL)
xxA1
Counter 1 Prescaler Upper Byte (C1PRH)
xxA2
Counter 1 Count Register Lower Byte (C1CTL)
xxA3
Counter 1 Count Register Upper Byte (C1CTH)
xxA4
Counter 2 Prescaler Lower Byte (C2PRL)
xxA5
Counter 2 Prescaler Upper Byte (C2PRH)
xxA6
Counter 2 Count Register Lower Byte (C2CTL)
xxA7
Counter 2 Count Register Upper Byte (C2CTH)
xxA8
Counter 3 Prescaler Lower Byte (C3PRL)
xxA9
Counter 3 Prescaler Upper Byte (C3PRH)
xxAA
Counter 3 Count Register Lower Byte (C3CTL)
xxAB
Counter 3 Count Register Upper Byte (C3CTH)
xxAC
Counter 4 Prescaler Lower Byte (C4PRL)
xxAD
Counter 4 Prescaler Upper Byte (C4PRH)
xxAE
Counter 4 Count Register Lower Byte (C4CTL)
xxAF
Counter 4 Count Register Upper Byte (C4CTH)
xxB0
Capture Timer 1 Prescaler Register (CM1 PSC)
xxB1
Capture Timer 1 Lower Byte (CM1CRL) Read-Only
xxB2
Capture Timer 1 Upper Byte (CM1CRH) Read-Only
xxB3
Capture Timer 2 Prescaler Register (CM2PSC)
xxB4
Capture Timer 2 Lower Byte (CM2CRL) Read-Only
xxB5
Capture Timer 2 Upper Byte (CM2CRH) Read-Only
xxB6
Capture Timer 1 Control Register (CCMR1)
xxB7
Capture Timer 2 Control Register (CCMR2)
xxB8
UART Transmit Buffer (TBUF)
xxB9
UART Receive Buffer (RBUF)
xxBA
UART Control and Status Register (ENU)
xxBB
UART Receive Control and Status Register (ENUR)
xxBC
UART Interrupt and Clock Source Register (ENUI)
xxBD
UART Baud Register (BAUD)
xxBE
UART Prescaler Select Register (PSR)
xxBF
Reserved for UART
xxC0
Timer T2 Lower Byte
xxC1
Timer T2 Upper Byte
xxC2
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RA Lower Byte
xxC3
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RA Upper Byte
xxC4
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RB Lower Byte
xxC5
Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RB Upper Byte
xxC6
Timer T2 Control Register
30
COP87L88RW
Memory Map
(Continued)
ADDRESS
S/ADD REG
CONTENTS
xxC7
Reserved
xxC8
MIWU Edge Select Register (WKEDG)
xxC9
MlWU Enable Register (WKEN)
xxCA
MlWU Pending Register (WKPND)
xxCB
Reserved
xxCC
Reserved
xxCD to xxCF
Reserved
xxD0
Port L Data Register
xxD1
Port L Configuration Register
xxD2
Port L Input Pins (Read Only)
xxD3
Reserved for Port L
xxD4
Port G Data Register
xxD5
Port G Configuration Register
xxD6
Port G Input Pins (Read Only)
xxD7
Port l Input Pins (Read Only)
xxD8
Port C Data Register
xxD9
Port C Configuration Register
xxDA
Port C Input Pins (Read Only)
xxDB
Reserved for Port C
xxDC
Port D
xxDD to xxDF
Reserved for Port D
xxE0 to xxE5
Reserved for EE Control Registers
xxE6
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RB Lower Byte
xxE7
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RB Upper Byte
xxE8
ICNTRL Register
xxE9
MICROWIRE Shift Register
xxEA
Timer T1 Lower Byte
xxEB
Timer T1 Upper Byte
xxEC
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RA Lower Byte
xxED
Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RA Upper Byte
xxEE
CNTRL Control Register
xxEF
PSW Register
xxF0 to xxFB
On-chip RAM Mapped as Registers
xxFC
X Register
xxFD
SP Register
xxFE
B Register
xxFF
S Register
0100 to 017F
0200 to 027F
On Chip RAM Bytes (384 Bytes)
0300 to 037F
Note 13: Reading memory locations 0070H-007FH (Segment 0) will return all ones. Reading unused memory locations between 0080H-00F0 Hex (Segment 0) will
return undefined data. Reading memory locations from other segments (i.e., segment 4, segment 5, etc.) will return all ones.
Addressing Modes
OPERAND ADDRESSING MODES
There are ten addressing modes, six for operand addressing
and four for transfer of control.
Register Indirect
This is the “normal” addressing mode. The operand is the
data memory addressed by the B pointer or X pointer.
31
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COP87L88RW
Addressing Modes
contents of this program memory location serve as a partial
address (lower 8 bits of PC) for the jump to the next instruction.
(Continued)
Register Indirect (with auto post Increment or
decrement of pointer)
Note: The VIS is a special case of the Indirect Transfer of Control addressing
mode, where the double byte vector associated with the interrupt is
transferred from adjacent addresses in the program memory into the
program counter (PC) in order to jump to the associated interrupt service routine.
This addressing mode is used with the LD and X instructions. The operand is the data memory addressed by the B
pointer or X pointer. This is a register indirect mode that automatically post increments or decrements the B or X register after executing the instruction.
Instruction Set
Direct
The instruction contains an 8-bit address field that directly
points to the data memory for the operand.
Register and Symbol Definition
Registers
Immediate
The instruction contains an 8-bit immediate field as the operand.
Short Immediate
This addressing mode is used with the Load B Immediate instruction. The instruction contains a 4-bit immediate field as
the operand.
Indirect
This addressing mode is used with the LAID instruction. The
contents of the accumulator are used as a partial address
(lower 8 bits of PC) for accessing a data operand from the
program memory.
A
8-Bit Accumulator Register
B
8-Bit Address Register
X
8-Bit Address Register
SP
8-Bit Stack Pointer Register
PC
15-Bit Program Counter Register
PU
Upper 7 Bits of PC
PL
Lower 8 Bits of PC
C
1 Bit of PSW Register for Carry
HC
1 Bit of PSW Register for Half Carry
GIE
1 Bit of PSW Register for Global Interrupt
Enable
VU
Interrupt Vector Upper Byte
VL
Interrupt Vector Lower Byte
[B]
Memory Indirectly Addressed by B Register
[X]
Memory Indirectly Addressed by X Register
MD
Direct Addressed Memory
Mem
Direct Addressed Memory or [B]
Meml
Direct Addressed Memory or [B] or
Immediate Data
TRANSFER OF CONTROL ADDRESSING MODES
Symbols
Relative
This mode is used for the JP instruction, with the instruction
field being added to the program counter to get the new program location. JP has a range from −31 to +32 to allow a
1-byte relative jump (JP + 1 is implemented by a NOP instruction). There are no “pages” when using JP, since all 15
bits of PC are used.
Absolute
This mode is used with the JMP and JSR instructions, with
the instruction field of I 2 bits replacing the lower 12 bits of
the program counter (PC). This allows jumping to any location in the current 4k program memory segment.
Absolute Long
This mode is used with the JMPL and JSRL instructions, with
the instruction field of 15 bits replacing the entire 15 bits of
the program counter (PC). This allows jumping to any location up to 32k in the program memory space.
Imm
8-Bit Immediate Data
Reg
Register Memory: Addresses F0 to FF
(Includes B, X and SP)
Bit
←
Loaded with
Bit Number (0 to 7)
↔
Exchanged with
Indirect
This mode is used with the JID instruction. The contents of
the accumulator are used as a partial address (lower 8 bits of
PC) for accessing a location in the program memory. The
INSTRUCTION SET
ADD
A,MemI
ADD
ADC
A,Meml
ADD with Carry
SUBC
A,Meml
Subtract with Carry
AND
A,Meml
Logical AND
ANDSZ
A,lmm
Logical AND lmmed., Skip if Zero
OR
A,Meml
Logical OR
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A←A + MemI
A← A + MemI + C, C← Carry, HC← Half Carry
A←A − MemI + C, C← Carry, HC← Half Carry
A← A and MemI
Skip next if (A and Imm) = 0
A←A or MemI
32
(Continued)
XOR
A,Meml
Logical EXclusive OR
A← A xor MemI
IFEQ
MD,lmm
IF EQual
Compare MD and lmm, Do next if MD = lmm
IFEQ
A,Meml
IF EQual
IFNE
A,Meml
IF Not Equal
Compare A and Meml, Do next if A = Meml
Compare A and Meml, Do next if A ≠ Meml
IFGT
A,Meml
IF Greater Than
Compare A and Meml, Do next if A > Meml
lFBNE
#
IF B Not Equal
DRSZ
Reg
Decrement Reg., Skip if Zero
Do next if lower 4 bits of B ≠ Imm
Reg←Reg − 1, Skip if Reg = 0
1 to bit, Mem (bit = 0 to 7 immediate)
SBIT
#,Mem
Set BIT
RBIT
#,Mem
Reset BIT
0 to bit, Mem
lFBIT
#,Mem
IF BIT
If bit #, A or Mem is true do next instruction
Reset PeNDing Flag
Reset Software Interrupt Pending Flag
RPND
X
A,Mem
EXchange A with Memory
A↔Mem
X
A,[X]
EXchange A with Memory [X]
LD
A,Meml
LoaD A with Memory
A↔[X]
A← MemI
LD
A,[X]
LoaD A with Memory [X]
LD
B, Imm
LoaD B with Immed.
A←[X]
B← Imm
LD
Mem,
Imm
LoaD Memory Immed.
Mem←Imm
LD
Reg, Imm
LoaD Register Memory Immed.
X
EXchange A with Memory [B]
Reg←Imm
A↔[B], (B← B ± 1)
A↔[X], (X← X ± 1)
LD
A, [B ± ]
A, [X ± ]
A, [B ± ]
A, [X ± ]
[B ± ],lmm
CLR
A
CLeaR A
INC
A
INCrement A
DEC
A
DECrement A
X
LD
LD
EXchange A with Memory [X]
A← [B], (B← B ± 1)
A← [X], (X← X ± 1)
[B]←Imm, (B←B ± 1)
A←0
LoaD A with Memory [B]
LoaD A with Memory [X]
LoaD Memory [B] lmmed.
DCOR
A
Decimal CORrect A
RRC
A
Rotate A Right thru C
A←A + 1
A←A − 1
A← ROM (PU, A)
A←BCD correction of A (follows ADC, SUBC)
C→ A7 →…→ A0 → C
RLC
A
Rotate A Left thru C
C←A7 ← …← A0 ← C
SWAP
A
SWAP nibbles of A
LAID
Load A InDirect from ROM
SC
Set C
RC
Reset C
A7…A4↔A3…A0
C ← 1, HC← 1
C ←0, HC←0
IFC
IF C
If C is true, do next instruction
IFNC
IF Not C
If C is not true, do next instruction
SP←SP + 1, A← [SP]
POP
A
POP the stack into A
PUSH
A
PUSH A onto the stack
VIS
COP87L88RW
Instruction Set
[SP]← A, SP← SP − 1
PU← [VU], PL ← [VL]
Vector to Interrupt Service Routine
JMPL
Addr.
Jump absolute Long
JMP
Addr.
Jump absolute
JP
Disp.
Jump relative short
JSRL
Addr.
Jump SubRoutine Long
JSR
Addr
Jump SubRoutine
JID
Jump InDirect
RET
RETurn from subroutine
RETSK
RETurn and SKip
RETI
RETurn from Interrupt
PC← ii (ii = 15 bits, 0 to 32k)
PC9…0← i (i = 12 bits)
PC← PC + r (r is −31 to +32, except 1)
[SP]←PL, [SP − 1]← PU, SP − 2, PC← ii
[SP]← PL, [SP − 1] ← PU, SP − 2, PC9…0← i
PL← ROM (PU, A)
SP + 2, PL← [SP], PU ← [SP − 1]
SP + 2, PL← [SP], PU←[SP − 1], skip next instruction
SP + 2, PL← [SP], PU ← [SP − 1], GIE←1
INTR
Generate an Interrupt
[SP]← PL, [SP − 1] ← PU, SP − 2, PC←0FF
NOP
No OPeration
PC← PC + 1
33
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COP87L88RW
Instruction Execution Time
Most instructions are single byte (with immediate addressing mode instructions taking two bytes).
Most single byte instructions take one cycle time to execute.
Skipped instructions require x number of cycles to be skipped, where x equals the number of bytes in the skipped instruction opcode.
See the BYTES and CYCLES per INSTRUCTION table for details.
Bytes and Cycles per InstructIon
The following table shows the number of bytes and cycles for each instruction in the format of byte/cycle.
Arithmetic and Logic Instructions
SWAPA
1/1
[B]
Direct
Immed.
SC
1/1
ADD
1/1
3/4
2/2
RC
1/1
ADC
1/1
3/4
2/2
IFC
1/1
SUBC
1/1
3/4
2/2
IFNC
1/1
AND
1/1
3/4
2/2
PUSHA
1/3
OR
1/1
3/4
2/2
POPA
1/3
XOR
1/1
3/4
2/2
ANDSZ
2/2
IFEQ
1/1
3/4
2/2
IFGT
1/1
3/4
2/2
IFBNE
1/1
DRSZ
Transfer of Control Instructions
JMPL
3/4
1/3
JMP
2/3
SBIT
1/1
3/4
JP
1/3
RBIT
1/1
3/4
JSRL
3/5
lFBIT
1/1
3/4
JSR
2/5
JID
1/3
VIS
1/5
RET
1/5
1/5
1/5
RPND
1/1
Instructions Using A & C
CLRA
1/1
RETSK
INCA
1/1
RETI
1/1
INTR
1/7
1/3
NOP
1/1
DECA
LAID
DCORA
1/1
RRCA
1/1
RLCA
1/1
Memory Transfer Instructions
Register
Indirect
Direct
[B]
[X]
X A, *
1/1
1/3
2/3
LD A, *
1/1
1/3
2/3
Immed.
2/2
Register Indirect
Auto Incr. and Decr.
[B+, B−]
[X+, X−]
1/2
1/3
1/2
1/3
LD B, Imm
1/1
(IF B < 16)
LD B, Imm
2/2
(IF B > 15)
LD Mem, Imm
2/2
3/3
LD Reg, Imm
2/3
IFEQ MD, Imm
3/3
* =
2/2
> Memory location addressed by B or X or directly.
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34
35
JP−31
JP−30
JP−29
JP−28
JP−27
JP−26
JP−25
JP−24
JP−23
JP−22
JP−21
JP−20
JP−19
JP−18
JP−17
JP−16
JP−15
JP−14
JP−13
JP−12
JP−11
JP−10
JP−9
JP−8
JP−7
JP−6
JP−5
JP−4
JP−3
JP−2
JP−1
JP−0
LD 0FF, #i
LD 0FE, #i
LD 0FD, #i
LD 0FC, #i
LD 0FB, #i
LD 0FA, #i
LD 0F9, #i
LD 0F8, #i
LD 0F7, #i
LD 0F6, #i
LD 0F5, #i
LD 0F4, #i
LD 0F3, #i
LD 0F2, #i
LD 0F1, #i
LD 0F0, #i
D
DRSZ
0FF
DRSZ
0FE
DRSZ
0FD
DRSZ
0FC
DRSZ
0FB
DRSZ
0FA
DRSZ
0F9
DRSZ
0F8
DRSZ
0F7
DRSZ
0F6
DRSZ
0F5
DRSZ
0F4
DRSZ
0F3
DRSZ
0F2
DRSZ
0F1
DRSZ
0F0
C
*
LD A,
[X]
DIR
LD
Md,#i
LD A,
[X−]
LD A,
[X+]
IFNE
A,[B]
NOP
*
X A,[X]
RPND
VIS
X A,
[X−]
X A,
[X+]
*
RRCA
B
OR A,#i
XOR
A,#i
AND
A,#i
ADD
A,#i
IFGT
A,#i
IFEQ
A,#i
SUBC
A, #i
ADC
A, #i
9
LD
[B−],#i
LD
[B+],#i
IFNE
A,#i
*
LD A,
[B]
JSRL
LD
[B],#i
LD
[B],#i
LD
A,Md
JMPL X A,Md
LD A,
[B−]
LD A,
[B+]
IFEQ
Md,#i
RLCA LD A,#i
*
X A,
[B]
JID
LAID
X A,
[B−]
X A,
[B+]
SC
RC
A
Where, #i is the immediate data
Md is a directly addressed memory location
Note: The opcode 60 Hex is also the opcode for IFBIT #i,A.
E
F
6
CLRA
*
*
*
LD
B,0A
LD
B,0B
LD
B,0C
LD B,
0D
LD B,
0E
SBIT
7,[B]
SBIT
6,[B]
SBIT
5,[B]
SBIT
4,[B]
SBIT
3,[B]
SBIT
2,[B]
SBIT
1,[B]
SBIT
0,[B]
RBIT
7,[B]
RBIT
6,[B]
RBIT
5,[B]
RBIT
4,[B]
RBIT
3,[B]
RBIT
2,[B]
RBIT
1,[B]
RBIT
0,[B]
IFBNE 9
IFBNE 8
IFBNE 7
LD B, 0 IFBNE 0F
LD B, 1 IFBNE 0E
LD B, 2 IFBNE 0D
LD B, 3 IFBNE 0C
LD B,4 IFBNE 0B
LD B, 5 IFBNE 0A
LD B,6
LD B, 7
IFBIT PUSHA LD B,8
7,[B]
IFBNE 6
IFBNE 5
IFBNE 4
IFBNE 3
IFBNE 2
IFBNE 1
4
IFBNE 0
5
LD B,
0F
IFBIT DCORA LD B,9
6,[B]
IFBIT SWAPA
5,[B]
IFBIT
4,[B]
IFBIT
3,[B]
IFBIT
2,[B]
IFBIT
1, [B]
IFBIT ANDSZ
0, [B]
A, #i
7
Bits 7–4
* is an unused opcode
RETI
RET
RETSK
POPA
DECA
INCA
IFNC
IFC
OR
A,[B]
XOR
A,[B]
AND
A,[B]
ADD
A,[B]
IFGT
A,[B]
IFEQ
A,[B]
SUBC
A, [B]
ADC
A, [B]
8
3
2
1
0
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
JMP
JP+26 JP+10 9
x900–x9FF
JMP
JP+25 JP+9
x800–x8FF
JMP
JP+24 JP+8
x700–x7FF
JMP
JP+23 JP+7
x600–x6FF
JMP
JP+22 JP+6
x500–x5FF
JMP
JP+21 JP+5
x400–x4FF
JMP
JP+20 JP+4
x300–x3FF
JMP
JP+19 JP+3
x200–x2FF
JMP
JP+18 JP+2
x100–x1FF
JMP
JP+17 INTR
x000–x0FF
JSR
JMP
JP+32 JP+16 F
xF00–xFFF xF00–xFFF
JSR
JMP
JP+31 JP+15 E
xE00–xEFF xE00–xEFF
JSR
JMP
JP+30 JP+14 D
xD00–xDFF xD00–xDFF
JSR
JMP
JP+29 JP+13 C
xC00–xCFF xC00–xCFF
JSR
JMP
JP+28 JP+12 B
xB00–xBFF xB00–xBFF
JSR
JMP
JP+27 JP+11 A
xA00–xAFF xA00–xAFF
JSR
x900–x9FF
JSR
x800–x8FF
JSR
x700–x7FF
JSR
x600–x6FF
JSR
x500–x5FF
JSR
x400–x4FF
JSR
x300–x3FF
JSR
x200–x2FF
JSR
x100–x1FF
JSR
x000–x0FF
(Continued)
Bits 3–0
COP87L88RW
Opcode List
Instruction Execution Time
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COP87L88RW
limit; no FP). A fully integrated Win32 IDE, ANSI
C-Compiler, macro assembler, editor, linker, librarian,
and C-Spy high-level simulator/debugger.
COP8 Tools Overview
National is engaged with an international community of independent 3rd party vendors who provide hardware and software development tool support. Through National’s interaction and guidance, these tools cooperate to form a choice of
tools that fits each developer’s needs.
COP8 Development Productivity Tools
• DriveWay-COP8: Aisys Corporation - COP8 Peripherals
Code Generation tool. Automatically generates tested
and documented C or Assembly source code modules
containing I/O drivers and interrupt handlers for each onchip peripheral. Application specific code can be inserted
for customization using the integrated editor. (Compatible
with COP8-NSASM, COP8C, and WCOP8 IDE.)
This section provides a summary of the tool and development kits currently available. Up-to-date information, selection guides, free tools, demos, updates, and purchase information can be obtained at our web site at:
www.national.com/cop8.
•
SUMMARY OF TOOLS
COP8 Evaluation Software and Reference Designs
•
•
WCOP8 IDE: KKD - COP8 IDE (Integrated Development
Environment). Supports COP8C, COP8-NSASM, COP8MLSIM, DriveWay COP8, and MetaLink debugger under
a common Windows Project Management environment.
Code development, debug, and emulation tools can be
launched from a single project window framework. (Included in COP8-NSDEV and COP8-NSEVAL.)
COP8 Hardware Debug Tools
COP8–NSEVAL: Software Evaluation package for Windows. A fully integrated evaluation environment for
COP8. Includes WCOP8 IDE evaluation version (Integrated Development Environment), COP8-NSASM (Full
COP8 Assembler), COP8-MLSIM (COP8 Instruction
Level Simulator), COP8C Compiler Demo, DriveWay™
COP8 Device-Driver-Builder Demo, Manuals, Applications Software, and other COP8 technical information.
•
•
COP8–REF-xx: Reference Designs for COP8 Families.
Realtime hardware environment with a variety of functions for demonstrating the various capabilities and features of specific COP8 device families. Run Win 95 demo
reference software and exercise specific device capabilities.
Includes PCB with pre-programmed COP8, 9v battery for
stand-alone operation, assembly listing, full applications
source code, BOM, and schematics.
(Add COP8-NSEVAL and an OTP programmer to implement your own software ideas in Assembly Code.)
COP8 Starter Kits and Hardware Target Solutions
IM-COP8: MetaLink iceMASTER ® for non-flash COP8
devices. Windows based, full featured real-time in-circuit
emulator, with 4k trace, 32k s/w breaks, and MetaLinkWindows Debugger. Includes COP8-NSDEV and power
supply. Package-specific probes and surface mount
adaptors are ordered separately. (Add COP8-PM and
adapters for OTP programming.)
COP8 Development and OTP Programming Tools
COP8-EVAL-xxx: A variety of Multifunction Evaluation,
Design Test, and Target Boards for COP8 Families. Realtime target design environments with a selection of peripherals and features including multi I/O, LCD display,
keyboard, A/D, D/A, EEPROM, USART, LEDs, and
bread-board area. Quickly design, test, and implement a
custom target system (some target boards are standalone, and ready for mounting into a standard enclosure),
or just evaluate and test your code. Includes COP8NSDEV with IDE and Assembler, software routines, reference designs, and source code (no p/s).
COP8 Software Development Languages and Integrated
Environments
COP8-NSDEV: National’s COP8 Software Development
package for Windows on CD. A fully Integrated Development Environment for COP8. Includes a fully licensed
WCOP8 IDE, COP8-NSASM. Plus Manuals, Applications
Software, and other COP8 technical information.
•
COP8C: ByteCraft - C Cross-Compiler and Code Development System. Includes BCLIDE (Integrated Development Environment) for Win32, editor, optimizing C CrossCompiler, macro cross assembler, BC-Linker, and
MetaLinktools support. (DOS/SUN versions available;
Compiler is linkable under WCOP8 IDE; Compatible with
DriveWay COP8)
•
EWCOP8, EWCOP8-M, EWCOP8-BL: IAR - ANSI
C-Compiler and Embedded Workbench. (M version includes MetaLink debugger support) (BL version: 4k code
www.national.com
COP8xx-DM: Metalink COP8 Debug Module for nonflash COP8 Families. Windows based development and
real-time in-circuit emulation tool, with 100 frame trace,
32k s/w breaks, Enhanced User Interface, MetaLinkDebugger, and COP8 OTP Programmer with sockets. Includes COP8-NSDEV, power supply, DIP and/or SMD
emulation cables and adapters.
•
•
•
COP8-UTILS: COP8 assembly code examples, device
drivers, and utilities to speed up code development. (Included with COP8-NSDEV and COP8-NSEVAL.)
36
•
COP8-PM: COP8 Development Programming Module.
Windows programming tool for COP8 OTP Families. Includes 40 DIP programming socket, control software,
RS232 cable, and power supply. (SMD and 87Lxx programming adapters are extra.)
•
Development: Metalink’s Debug Module includes development device programming capability for COP8 devices. Many other third-party programmers are approved
for development and engineering use.
•
Production: Third-party programmers and automatic
handling equipment cover needs from engineering prototype and pilot production, to full production environments.
•
Factory Programming: Factory programming available
for high-volume requirements.
COP87L88RW
COP8 Tools Overview
(Continued)
TOOLS ORDERING NUMBERS FOR THE COP87L88RW DEVICES
Note: The following order numbers apply to the COP8 devices in this datasheet only.
Vendor
National
Tools
Order Number
Cost
Notes
COP8-NSEVAL
COP8-NSEVAL
Free
Web site download
COP8-NSASM
COP8-NSASM
Free
Included in DM. Web site download
COP8-MLSIM
COP8-MLSIM
Free
Included in DM. Web site download
COP8-NSDEV
COP8-NSDEV
VL
Included in DM. Order CD from web site
COP8-EM
Not available for this
device
Development
Devices
COP87L88RW
MetaLink COP8-DM
DM4-COP8-888GW plus
PS-10, plus
DM-COP8/68P6
32k OTP only
M
Included p/s (PS-10), 68 target cable. Add OTP
adapter
DM Adapters
None needed
OTP
Programming
Adapters
MHW-COP8PGMA-DS44-68P
L
For programming GW 68 PLCC on the DM
IM-COP8
IM-COP8-AD-464 (-220)
(10 MHz maximum)
H
Base unit 10 MHz; -220 = 220V; add probe card
(required) and target adapter (if needed); included
software and manuals
IM Probe Card
PC-888GW68PW-AD-10
M
10 MHz 68 PLCC probe card; 2.5V to 6.0V
IM Probe Target
Adapters
None needed
COP8-EVAL-HI
Not available for this
device
COP8-EVAL-ICU
Not available for this
device
KKD
WCOP8-IDE
WCOP8-IDE
VL
Included in EPU and DM
IAR
EWCOP8-xx
See summary above
L-H
Included all software and manuals
Byte
Craft
COP8C
COP8C
M
Included all software and manuals
DriveWay COP8
Does not support this
device
L-H
A wide variety world-wide; use EDI programming
adapter for COP887L88RW
Hilton
ICU
Aisys
OTP Programmers
Go to:
www.national.com/cop8
Cost: Free; VL = < $100; L = $100 - $300; M = $300 - $1k; H = $1k - $3k; VH = $3k - $5k
37
www.national.com
COP87L88RW
COP8 Tools Overview
(Continued)
WHERE TO GET TOOLS
Tools are ordered directly from the following vendors. Please go to the vendor’s web site for current listings of distributors.
Vendor
Aisys
Home Office
Electronic Sites
U.S.A.: Santa Clara, CA
www.aisysinc.com
1-408-327-8820
info @aisysinc.com
Other Main Offices
Distributors
fax: 1-408-327-8830
Byte Craft
U.S.A.
www.bytecraft.com
1-519-888-6911
[email protected]
Distributors
fax: 1-519-746-6751
IAR
Sweden: Uppsala
www.iar.se
U.S.A.: San Francisco
+46 18 16 78 00
[email protected]
1-415-765-5500
fax: +46 18 16 78 38
[email protected]
fax: 1-415-765-5503
[email protected]
U.K.: London
[email protected]
+44 171 924 33 34
fax: +44 171 924 53 41
Germany: Munich
+49 89 470 6022
fax: +49 89 470 956
ICU
Sweden: Polygonvaegen
www.icu.se
Switzeland: Hoehe
+46 8 630 11 20
[email protected]
+41 34 497 28 20
fax: +41 34 497 28 21
fax: +46 8 630 11 70
[email protected]
KKD
Denmark:
www.kkd.dk
MetaLink
U.S.A.: Chandler, AZ
www.metaice.com
Germany: Kirchseeon
1-800-638-2423
[email protected]
80-91-5696-0
fax: 1-602-926-1198
[email protected]
fax: 80-91-2386
bbs: 1-602-962-0013
[email protected]
www.metalink.de
Distributors Worldwide
National
U.S.A.: Santa Clara, CA
www.national.com/cop8
Europe: +49 (0) 180 530 8585
1-800-272-9959
[email protected]
fax: +49 (0) 180 530 8586
fax: 1-800-737-7018
[email protected]
Distributors Worldwide
Logical Devices; MQP; Needhams; Phyton; SMS; Stag Programmers; System General; Tribal Microsystems; Xeltek.
The following companies have approved COP8 programmers in a variety of configurations. Contact your local office
or distributor. You can link to their web sites and get the latest listing of approved programmers from National’s COP8
OTP Support page at: www.national.com/cop8.
Advantech; Dataman; EE Tools; Minato; BP Microsystems;
Data I/O; Hi-Lo Systems; ICE Technology; Lloyd Research;
www.national.com
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Complete product information and technical support is available from National’s customer response centers, and from
our on-line COP8 customer support sites.
38
COP87L88RW 8-Bit One-Time Programmable (OTP) Microcontroller
with Pulse Train Generators and Capture Modules
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (V)
Order Number COP87L88RWV-XE
NS Plastic Chip Package Number V68A
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
National Semiconductor
Corporation
Americas
Tel: 1-800-272-9959
Fax: 1-800-737-7018
Email: [email protected]
www.national.com
National Semiconductor
Europe
Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86
Email: [email protected]
Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208
English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171
Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
National Semiconductor
Asia Pacific Customer
Response Group
Tel: 65-2544466
Fax: 65-2504466
Email: [email protected]
National Semiconductor
Japan Ltd.
Tel: 81-3-5639-7560
Fax: 81-3-5639-7507
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.