LM4680 10W High-Efficiency Mono BTL Audio Power Amplifier General Description Key Specifications The LM4680 is a high efficiency switching audio power amplifier primarily designed for demanding applications in flat panel monitors and TV’s. It is capable of delivering 10W to an 8Ω mono BTL load with less than 10% distortion (THD+N) when powered from a 14VDC power supply. j Power Output BTL (VDD = 14V, Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of external components. The LM4680 features a micro-power, active-low shutdown mode, an internal thermal shutdown protection mechanism, output fault detect, and short circuit protection. The LM4680 contains advanced transient (“pop and click”) suppression circuitry that eliminates noises that would otherwise occur during turn-on and turn-off transitions. j Efficiency (VDD = 12V, fIN = 1kHz, fIN = 1kHz, THD+N = 10%, RL = 8Ω) j Quiescent Power Supply Current RL = 8Ω, POUT = 6W) j Shutdown Current j Fixed Gain 10W (typ) 25mA (typ) 81% (typ) 0.1mA (typ) 30dB (typ) Features n Soft-start circuitry eliminates noise during turn-on transition n Low current shutdown mode n Low quiescent current n 6W BTL output, RL = 8Ω, THD+N = 1% n Short circuit protection n Fixed, internally set gain of 30dB n Internal clamp diodes protect amplifier outputs Applications n Flat Panel Monitors n Flat Panel TVs n Computer Sound Cards Connection Diagram Plastic Package 20095802 Top View Order Number LM4680SD See NS Package Number SRC14A Boomer ® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 2005 National Semiconductor Corporation DS200958 www.national.com LM4680 10W High-Efficiency Mono BTL Audio Power Amplifier January 2005 LM4680 Typical Application 20095801 FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit LM4680SD Demo Board Bill of Material Item Part Description Package Size Qty Ref Designator 1 LM4680SD Audio Amplifier LLP14 1 U1 2 Cer Cap 0.1µF 16V 10% 0805 1 C4 PCC1812CT-ND Digi - Key 3 Cer Cap 0.27µF 16V 10% 0805 3 C5, C7, C8 PCC1916CT-ND Digi - Key 4 Cer Cap 1.0µF 25V 10% 0805 2 C1 - C2 PCC2319CT-ND Digi - Key 5 Tant Cap 1.0µF 16V 10% Size = A (3216) 2 C9 399-1583-2-ND Digi - Key 6 Tant Cap 10.0µF 16V 10% Size = A (3216) 2 C10 478-1655-2-ND Digi - Key 7 Tant Cap 10.0µF 16V 10% Size = A (3216) 1 C3 478-1655-2-ND Digi - Key 8 Inductor 4922 Series 27µH SMT 2 L1, L2 DN2218CT-ND Digi - Key www.national.com 2 Remark Supplier Junction Temperature If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Thermal Resistance Supply Voltage 150˚C θJC (LD) 2˚C/W θJA (LD) 40˚C/W 16V Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C Operating Ratings −0.3V to VDD +0.3V Input Voltage Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally limited ESD Susceptibility(Note 4) 2000V ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) Temperature Range TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX −40˚C ≤ TA ≤ 85˚C 9.0V ≤ VDD ≤ 14V Supply Voltage (Note 10) 200V Electrical Characteristics for the LM4680 (Note 1) The following specifications apply for the circuit shown in Figure 1 operating with VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, and fIN = 1kHz, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25˚C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4680 Typical Limit (Note 6) (Notes 7, 8) 52 Units (Limits) IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN = 0V, IO = 0A, RL = 8Ω 28 ISD Shutdown Current VSHUTDOWN = GND (Note 9) 0.1 mA AV Amplifier Gain BTL output voltage with respect to input voltage 30 dB PO Output Power THD+N = 1% (max) THD+N = 10%, VDD = 14V 6 10 THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise POUT = 1WRMS fBW Frequency Response Bandwidth POUT = 6W, post filter, -3dB relative to 1kHz 5 mA W 0.2 % 20 20000 Hz Hz η Efficiency POUT = 6W 81 % éN Output Noise A-Weighted Filter, VIN = 0V, Input Referred 10 µV SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio A-Weighted Filter, POUT = 6W Input Referred 116 dB PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio VRIPPLE = 200mVp-p, CBYPASS_1 = 10µF, Input Referred f = 50Hz f = 60Hz f = 100Hz f = 120Hz f = 1kHz 99 101 102 102 104 CBYPASS = 10µF 600 ms 170 ˚C ˚C dB tWU Wake-Up time TSD Thermal Shutdown Temperature VSDIH Shutdown Voltage Input High 4 V (min) VSDIL Shutdown Voltage Input Low 1.5 V (max) 3 www.national.com LM4680 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2) LM4680 Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin unless otherwise specified. Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX − TA)/θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4680 typical application (shown in Figure 1) with VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω stereo operation, the total power dissipation is 900mW. θJA = 40˚C/W Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor. Note 5: Machine model, 220pF – 240pF discharged through all pins. Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm. Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 8: Datasheets min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis. Note 9: Shutdown current is measured in a normal room environment. The SHUTDOWN pin should be driven as close as possible to GND for minimum shutdown current. Note 10: Please refer to “Under Voltage Protection” on page 8 under “General Features.” Typical Performance Characteristics THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 1W THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 9V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 1W 20095806 20095807 THD+N vs Output Power RL = 8Ω, VDD = 9V, f = 1kHz THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 14V, RL = 8Ω, PO = 1W 20095808 www.national.com 20095809 4 LM4680 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) THD+N vs Output Power RL = 8Ω, VDD = 12V, f = 1kHz THD+N vs Output Power RL = 8Ω, VDD = 14V, f = 1kHz 20095811 20095810 Amplifier Output Magnitude vs Frequency RL = 8Ω, VDD = 12V Amplifier Output Power vs Power Supply Voltage RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz 20095812 20095813 Power Rejection Ratio vs Frequency VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, Input Referred Power Rejection Ratio vs Frequency VDD = 9V, RL = 8Ω, Input Referred 20095826 20095825 5 www.national.com LM4680 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Amplifier Power Dissipation vs Amplifier Load Dissipation VDD = 14V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz Power Rejection Ratio vs Frequency VDD = 14V, RL = 8Ω, Input Referred 20095827 20095817 Amplifier Power Dissipation vs Total Load Power Dissipation VDD = 9V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz Amplifier Power Dissipation vs Load Power Dissipation VDD = 12V, RL = 8Ω, f = 1kHz 20095819 20095818 Output Power vs Load Resistance VDD = 12V, f = 1kHz Output Power vs Load Resistance VDD = 14V, f = 1kHz 20095821 20095820 www.national.com 6 LM4680 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Power Supply Current vs Power Supply Voltage VIN = 0V, RL = 8Ω Output Power vs Load Resistance VDD = 9V, f = 1kHz 20095822 20095823 Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature 20095824 7 www.national.com LM4680 General Features Output Stage Current Limit and Fault Detection Protection SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION The output stage MOSFETs are protected against output conditions that could otherwise compromise their operational status. The first stage of protection is output current limiting. When conditions that require high currents to drive a load, the LM4680’s current limit circuitry clamps the output current at a nominal value of 2.5A. The output waveform is present, but may be clipped or its amplitude reduced. The same 2.5A nominal current limit also occurs if the amplifier outputs are shorted together or either output is shorted to VDD or GND. Modulation Technique Unlike typical Class D amplifiers that use single-ended comparators to generate a pulse-width modulated switching waveform and RC timing circuits to set the switching frequency, the LM4680 uses a balanced differential floating modulator. Oscillation is a result of injecting complimentary currents onto the respective plates of a floating, on-die capacitor. The value of the floating capacitor and value of the components in the modulator’s feedback network and sets the nominal switching frequency at 450kHz. Modulation results from imbalances in the injected currents. The amount of current imbalance is directly proportional to the applied input signal’s magnitude and frequency. Using a balanced, floating modulator produces a Class D amplifier that is immune to common mode noise sources such as substrate noise. This noise occurs because of the high frequency, high current switching in the amplifier’s output stage. The LM4680 is immune to this type of noise because the modulator, the components that set its switching frequency, and even the load all float with respect to ground. The balanced modulator’s pulse width modulated output drives the gates of the LM4680’s H-bridge configured output power MOSFETs. The pulse-train present at the power MOSFETs’ output is applied to an LC low pass filter that removes the 450kHz energy component. The filter’s output signal, which is applied to the driven load, is an amplified replica of the audio input signal. The second stage of protection is an onboard fault detection circuit that continuously monitors the signal on each output MOSFET’s gate and compares it against the respective drain voltage. When a condition is detected that violates a MOSFET’s Safe Operating Area (SOA) and the drive signal is disconnected from the output MOSFETs’ gates. The fault detect circuit maintains this protective condition for approximately 600ms, at which time the drive signal is reconnected. If the fault condition is no longer present, normal operation resumes. If the fault condition remains, however, the drive signal is again disconnected. Thermal Protection The LM4680 has thermal shutdown circuitry that monitors the die temperature. Once the LM4680 die temperature reaches 170˚C, the LM4680 disables the output switching waveform and remains disabled until the die temperature falls below 140˚C (typ). Over-Modulation Protection The LM4680’s over-modulation protection is a result of the preamplifier’s (AMP1 and AMP2, Figure 1) inability to produce signal magnitudes that equal the power supply voltages. Since the preamplifier’s output magnitude will always be less than the supply voltage, the duty cycle of the amplifier’s switching output will never reach zero. Peak modulation is limited to a nominal 95%. Shutdown Function The LM4680’s active-low shutdown function allows the user to place the amplifier in a shutdown mode while the system power supply remains active. Activating shutdown deactivates the output switching waveform and minimizes the quiescent current. Applying logic 0 (GND) to pin 8 enables the shutdown function. Applying logic 1 (4V ≤ VLOGIC ≤ VDD) to pin 8 disables the shutdown function and restores full amplifier operation. Application Hints SUPPLY BYPASSING Correct power supply bypassing has two important goals. The first is to reduce noise on the power supply lines and minimize deleterious effects that the noise may cause to the amplifier’s operation. The second is to help stabilize an unregulated power supply and to improve the supply’s transient response under heavy current demands. These two goals require different capacitor value ranges. Therefore, various types and values are recommended for supply bypassing. For noise de-coupling, generally small ceramic capacitors (0.01µF to 0.1µF) are recommended. Larger value (1µF to 10µF) tantalum capacitors are needed for the transient current demands. These two capacitors in parallel will do an adequate job of removing most noise from the supply rails and providing the necessary transient current. These capacitors should be placed as close as possible to each IC’s supply pin(s) using leads as short as possible. The LM4680 has two VDD pins: a power VDD (PVDD) and a signal VDD (SVDD). The parallel combination of the low value ceramic (0.1µF) and high value tantalum (10µF) should be used to bypass the PVDD pin. A small value (0.1µF) ceramic or tantalum can be used to bypass the SVDD pin. Under Voltage Proctection The under voltage protection disables the output driver section of the LM4680 while the supply voltage is below 8V. This condition may occur as power is first applied or during low line conditions, changes in load resistance, or when power supply sag occurs. The under voltage protection ensures that all of the LM4680’s power MOSFETs are off. This action eliminates shoot-through current and minimizes output transients during turn-on and turn-off. The under voltage protection gives the digital logic time to stabilize into known states, further minimizing turn output transients. Turn-On Time The LM4680 has an internal timer that determines the amplifier’s turn-on time. After power is first applied or the part returns from shutdown, the nominal turn-on time is 600ms. This delay allows all externally applied capacitors to charge to a final value of VDD/2. Further, during turn-on, the outputs are muted. This minimizes output transients that may occur while the part settles into is quiescent operating mode. www.national.com 8 stances the output lowpass filter significantly reduces this out-of-band noise. If the low pass filter is not optimized for a given switching frequency, there can be significant increase in out-of-band noise. THD+N measurements can be significantly affected by out-of-band noise, resulting in a higher than expected THD+N measurement. To achieve a more accurate measurement of THD, the test equipment’s input bandwidth of the must be limited. Some common upper filter points are 22kHz, 30kHz, and 80kHz. The input filter limits the noise component of the THD+N measurement to a smaller bandwidth resulting in a more real-world THD+N value. (Continued) OUTPUT STAGE FILTERING The LM4680 requires a low pass filter connected between the amplifier’s bridge output and the load. Figure 1 shows the recommended LC filter. A minimum value of 27µH is recommended. As shown in Figure 1, using the values of the components connected between the amplifier BTL outputs and the load achieves a 2nd-order lowpass filter response with a -3dB cutoff frequency of 25kHz. THD+N MEASUREMENTS AND OUT OF AUDIO BAND NOISE THD+N (Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise) is a very important parameter by which all audio amplifiers are measured. Often it is shown as a graph where either the output power or frequency is changed over the operating range. A very important variable in the measurement of THD+N is the bandwidth-limiting filter at the input of the test equipment. Class D amplifiers, by design, switch their output power devices at a much higher frequency than the accepted audio range (20Hz - 20kHz). Alternately switching the output voltage between VDD and GND allows the LM4680 to operate at much higher efficiency than that achieved by traditional Class AB amplifiers. Switching the outputs at high frequency also increases the out-of-band noise. Under normal circum- Recommended Printed Circuit Board Layout Figures 2 through 4 show the recommended two-layer PC board layout that is optimized for the 14-pin SD-packaged LM4680 and associated external components. This circuit is designed for use with an external 12V supply and 8W speakers (or load resistors). This circuit board is easy to use. Apply 12V and ground to the board’s VDD and GND terminals, respectively. Connect speakers (or load resistors) between the board’s -OUT and +OUT terminals. Apply the input signal to the input pin labeled -IN. 9 www.national.com LM4680 Application Hints LM4680 Demonstration Board Layout 20095803 FIGURE 2. Recommended SD PCB Layout Top Silkscreen 20095804 FIGURE 3. Recommended SD PCB Layout Top Layer 20095805 FIGURE 4. Recommended SD PCB Layout Bottom Layer www.national.com 10 LM4680 10W High-Efficiency Mono BTL Audio Power Amplifier Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted LD Package Order Number LM4680SD NS Package Number SRC14A National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE National Semiconductor certifies that the products and packing materials meet the provisions of the Customer Products Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2. 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