MAX828, MAX829 Switched Capacitor Voltage Converter The MAX828 and MAX829 are CMOS charge pump voltage inverters that are designed for operation over an input voltage range of 1.15 V to 5.5 V with an output current capability in excess of 50 mA. The operating current consumption is only 68 A for the MAX828 and 118 A for the MAX829. The devices contain an internal oscillator that operates at 12 kHz for the MAX828 and 35 kHz for the MAX829. The oscillator drives four low resistance MOSFET switches, yielding a low output resistance of 26 and a voltage conversion efficiency of 99.9%. These devices require only two external capacitors, 10 F for the MAX828 and 3.3 F for the MAX829, for a complete inverter making it an ideal solution for numerous battery powered and board level applications. The MAX828 and MAX829 are available in the space saving TSOP–5 (SOT–23–5) package. http://onsemi.com MARKING DIAGRAM 5 TSOP–5 EUK SUFFIX CASE 483 5 1 xxxYW 1 Features xxx = Device Code MAX828 is EAA MAX829 is EAB Y = Year W = Work Week • Operating Voltage Range of 1.15 V to 5.5 V • Output Current Capability in Excess of 50 mA • Low Current Consumption of 68 A (MAX828) or 118 A (MAX829) • Operation at 12 kHz (MAX828) or 35 kHz (MAX829) • Low Output Resistance of 26 • Space Saving TSOP–5 (SOT–23–5) Package PIN CONFIGURATION Typical Applications • • • • • • • • Vout 1 Vin 2 C– 3 LCD Panel Bias Cellular Telephones Pagers Personal Digital Assistants Electronic Games Digital Cameras Camcorders Hand Held Instruments GND ORDERING INFORMATION 5 2 3 4 (Top View) Device Vin C+ TSOP–5* –Vout 1 5 Package Shipping MAX828EUK TSOP–5 3000 Tape/Reel MAX829EUK TSOP–5 3000 Tape/Reel 4 This device contains 77 active transistors. Figure 1. Typical Application Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001 April, 2001 – Rev. 2 1 Publication Order Number: MAX828/D MAX828, MAX829 MAXIMUM RATINGS* ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ Symbol Value Unit Input Voltage Range (Vin to GND) Rating Vin –0.3 to 6.0 V Output Voltage Range (Vout to GND) Vout –6.0 to 0.3 V Output Current (Note 1.) Iout 100 mA Output Short Circuit Duration (Vout to GND, Note 1.) tSC Indefinite sec Operating Junction Temperature TJ 150 °C Power Dissipation and Thermal Characteristics Thermal Resistance, Junction to Air Maximum Power Dissipation @ TA = 70°C RθJA PD 256 313 °C/W mW Storage Temperature Tstg –55 to 150 °C *ESD Ratings ESD Machine Model Protection up to 200 V, Class B ESD Human Body Model Protection up to 2000 V, Class 2 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 5.0 V for MAX828 C1 = C2 = 10 µF, for MAX829 C1 = C2 = 3.3 µF, TA = –40°C to 85°C, typical values shown are for TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted. See Figure 20 for test setup.) Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Operating Supply Voltage Range (RL = 10 k) Vin 1.5 to 5.5 1.15 to 6.0 – Supply Current Device Operating (RL = ) TA = 25°C MAX828 MAX829 TA = 85°C MAX828 MAX829 Iin Oscillator Frequency TA = 25°C MAX828 MAX829 TA = –40°C to 85°C MAX828 MAX829 fOSC Output Resistance (Iout = 25 mA, Note 2.) MAX828 MAX829 Rout Voltage Conversion Efficiency (RL = ) Power Conversion Efficiency (RL = 1.0 k) Unit V µA – – 68 118 90 200 – – 73 128 100 200 kHz 8.4 24.5 12 35 15.6 45.6 6.0 19 – – 21 54 – – 26 26 50 50 VEFF 99 99.9 – % PEFF – 96 – % Ω 1. Maximum Package power dissipation limits must be observed to ensure that the maximum junction temperature is not exceeded. TJ TA (PD RJA) 2. Capacitors C1 and C2 contribution is approximately 20% of the total output resistance. http://onsemi.com 2 MAX828, MAX829 100 Figure 20 Test Setup TA = 25°C Rout, OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω) Rout, OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.5 Figure 20 Test Setup 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1.0 5.5 1.5 2.0 Vin, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Figure 3. Output Resistance vs. Supply Voltage MAX829 100 90 Figure 20 Test Setup Vin = 1.5 V Rout, OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω) Rout, OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω) 2.5 Vin, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 2. Output Resistance vs. Supply Voltage MAX828 80 70 Vin = 2.0 V 60 50 Vin = 3.3 V 40 30 20 –50 Vin = 5.0 V –25 0 25 75 50 Figure 20 Test Setup 90 Vin = 1.5 V 80 70 60 Vin = 2.0 V 50 Vin = 5.0 V 40 Vin = 3.3 V 30 20 –50 100 –25 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 4. Output Resistance vs. Ambient Temperature MAX828 Figure 5. Output Resistance vs. Ambient Temperature MAX829 100 35 35 Figure 20 Test Setup Figure 20 Test Setup TA = 25°C 30 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) TA = 25°C 90 Vin = 4.75 V Vout = –4.0 V 25 20 Vin = 3.15 V Vout = –2.5 V 15 10 Vin = 1.9 V Vout = –1.5 V 5 TA = 25°C 30 Vin = 4.75 V Vout = –4.0 V 25 20 Vin = 3.15 V Vout = –2.5 V 15 10 Vin = 1.9 V Vout = –1.5 V 5 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 C1, C2, C3, CAPACITANCE (µF) C1, C2, C3, CAPACITANCE (µF) Figure 6. Output Current vs. Capacitance MAX828 Figure 7. Output Current vs. Capacitance MAX829 http://onsemi.com 3 Figure 20 Test Setup TA = 25°C 350 Vin = 4.75 V Vout = –4.0 V 300 250 Vin = 3.15 V Vout = –2.5 V 200 150 Vin = 1.9 V Vout = –1.5 V 100 50 0 0 20 10 40 30 Figure 20 Test Setup TA = 25°C 300 Vin = 4.75 V Vout = –4.0 V 250 200 Vin = 3.15 V Vout = –2.5 V 150 100 Vin = 1.9 V Vout = –1.5 V 50 0 0 10 20 30 50 40 C1, C2, C3, CAPACITANCE (µF) Figure 8. Output Voltage Ripple vs. Capacitance MAX828 Figure 9. Output Voltage Ripple vs. Capacitance MAX829 130 RL = ∞ Figure 20 Test Setup 80 70 TA = 85°C TA = 25°C 60 50 TA = –40°C 40 RL = ∞ Figure 20 Test Setup 120 Iin, SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) Iin, SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 50 350 C1, C2, C3, CAPACITANCE (µF) 90 30 110 TA = 85°C 100 90 TA = 25°C 80 70 TA = –40°C 60 50 20 1.5 fOSC, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE (mVpp) 400 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 40 1.5 5.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Vin, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Vin, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 10. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage MAX828 Figure 11. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage MAX829 13.0 fOSC, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE (mVpp) MAX828, MAX829 Figure 20 Test Setup 12.5 Vin = 5.0 V 12.0 Vin = 3.3 V 11.5 11.0 Vin = 1.5 V 10.5 10.0 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 40 Figure 20 Test Setup 39 Vin = 3.3 V 38 37 Vin = 1.5 V 36 35 Vin = 5.0 V 34 33 32 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 12. Oscillator Frequency vs. Ambient Temperature MAX828 Figure 13. Oscillator Frequency vs. Ambient Temperature MAX829 http://onsemi.com 4 5.0 100 MAX828, MAX829 0 0 Figure 20 Test Setup Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) –1.0 Vin = 2.0 V –2.0 Vin = 3.3 V –3.0 –4.0 Vin = 5.0 V –5.0 10 20 30 40 –2.0 Vin = 3.3 V –3.0 –4.0 Vin = 5.0 V –5.0 10 20 30 40 50 Figure 14. Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 15. Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 90 Vin = 5.0 V 80 70 Vin = 3.3 V Vin = 1.5 V Vin = 2.0 V 50 TA = 25°C OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE & NOISE = 10 mV/Div. AC COUPLED Vin = 2.0 V Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 20 Test Setup 40 0 TA = 25°C Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 100 60 –1.0 –6.0 0 50 η, POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (%) –6.0 0 η, POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (%) TA = 25°C 10 20 30 40 50 100 Figure 20 Test Setup 90 Vin = 5.0 V 80 70 60 Vin = 3.3 V Vin = 1.5 V Vin = 2.0 V 50 TA = 25°C 40 0 10 20 30 40 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 16. Power Conversion Efficiency vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 17. Power Conversion Efficiency vs. Output Current MAX829 Figure 20 Test Setup OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE & NOISE = 10 mV/Div. AC COUPLED Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 20 Test Setup Vin = 3.3 V Iout = 5.0 mA TA = 25°C TIME = 25 µs/div Figure 18. Output Voltage Ripple and Noise MAX828 Figure 20 Test Setup Vin = 3.3 V Iout = 5.0 mA TA = 25°C TIME = 10 µs/div Figure 19. Output Voltage Ripple and Noise MAX829 http://onsemi.com 5 50 MAX828, MAX829 Charge Pump Efficiency –Vout C + 2 6 1 The overall power efficiency of the charge pump is affected by four factors: 1. Losses from power consumed by the internal oscillator, switch drive, etc. (which vary with input voltage, temperature and oscillator frequency). 2. I2R losses due to the on–resistance of the MOSFET switches on–board the charge pump. 3. Charge pump capacitor losses due to Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR). 4. Losses that occur during charge transfer from the commutation capacitor to the output capacitor when a voltage difference between the two capacitors exists. Most of the conversion losses are due to factors 2, 3 and 4. These losses are given by Equation 1. RL OSC Vin + + 2 C1 C3 3 4 MAX828: C1 = C2 = C3 = 10 F MAX829: C1 = C2 = C3 = 3.3 F Figure 20. Test Setup/Voltage Inverter DETAILED OPERATING DESCRIPTION The MAX828/829 charge pump converters inverts the voltage applied to the Vin pin. Conversion consists of a two–phase operation (Figure 21). During the first phase, switches S2 and S4 are open and S1 and S3 are closed. During this time, C1 charges to the voltage on Vin and load current is supplied from C2. During the second phase, S2 and S4 are closed, and S1 and S3 are open. This action connects C1 across C2, restoring charge to C2. S1 P I out 2 R out I out 2 LOSS(2,3,4) 1 (f OSC )C1 8R SWITCH 4ESR C1 ESR C2 (eq. 1) The 1/(fOSC)(C1) term in Equation 1 is the effective output resistance of an ideal switched capacitor circuit (Figures 22 and 23). The losses due to charge transfer above are also shown in Equation 2. The output voltage ripple is given by Equation 3. S2 Vin PLOSS [ 0.5C1 (Vin 2 Vout 2) C1 0.5C2 (VRIPPLE 2 2VoutVRIPPLE)] fOSC (eq. 2) C2 S3 V RIPPLE S4 I out (f OSC )(C 2) 2(I out)(ESR ) C2 –Vout (eq. 3) f From Osc Vin Vout C1 Figure 21. Ideal Switched Capacitor Charge Pump C2 RL APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Figure 22. Ideal Switched Capacitor Model Output Voltage Considerations The MAX828/829 performs voltage conversion but does not provide regulation. The output voltage will drop in a linear manner with respect to load current. The value of this equivalent output resistance is approximately 26 Ω nominal at 25°C and Vin = 5.0 V. Vout is approximately –5.0 V at light loads, and drops according to the equation below: REQUIV Vin Vout R EQUIV 1 f C1 C2 RL VDROP Iout Rout Vout (Vin VDROP) Figure 23. Equivalent Output Resistance http://onsemi.com 6 MAX828, MAX829 Capacitor Selection Voltage Inverter In order to maintain the lowest output resistance and output ripple voltage, it is recommended that low ESR capacitors be used. Additionally, larger values of C1 will lower the output resistance and larger values of C2 will reduce output voltage ripple. (See Equation 3). Table 1 shows various values of C1, C2 and C3 with the corresponding output resistance values at 25°C. Table 2 shows the output voltage ripple for various values of C1, C2 and C3. The data in Tables 1 and 2 was measured not calculated. The most common application for a charge pump is the voltage inverter (Figure 20). This application uses two or three external capacitors. The capacitors C1 (pump capacitor) and C2 (output capacitor) are required. The input bypass capacitor C3, may be necessary depending on the application. The output is equal to –Vin plus any voltage drops due to loading. Refer to Tables 1 and 2 for capacitor selection. The test setup used for the majority of the characterization is shown in Figure 20. Table 1. Output Resistance vs. Capacitance (C1 = C2 = C3), Vin = 4.75 V and Vout = –4.0 V As with any switching power supply circuit, good layout practice is recommended. Mount components as close together as possible to minimize stray inductance and capacitance. Also use a large ground plane to minimize noise leakage into other circuitry. C1 = C2 = C3 (F) MAX828 Rout () MAX829 Rout () 0.7 127.2 55.7 1.4 67.7 36.8 3.3 36 26.0 7.3 26.7 24.9 10 25.9 25.1 24 24.3 25.2 50 24 24 Layout Considerations Capacitor Resources Selecting the proper type of capacitor can reduce switching loss. Low ESR capacitors are recommended. The MAX828 and MAX829 were characterized using the capacitors listed in Table 3. This list identifies low ESR capacitors for the voltage inverter application. Table 3. Capacitor Types Manufacturer/Contact Table 2. Output Voltage Ripple vs. Capacitance (C1 = C2 = C3), Vin = 4.75 V and Vout = –4.0 V C1 = C2 = C3 (F) MAX828 Ripple (mV) MAX829 Ripple (mV) 0.7 377.5 320 1.4 360.5 234 3.3 262 121 7.3 155 62.1 10 126 51.25 24 55.1 25.2 50 36.6 27.85 AVX 843–448–9411 www.avxcorp.com Cornell Dubilier 508–996–8561 ll d bili www.cornell–dubilier.com TPS ESRD Sanyo/Os–con 619–661–6835 id / ht www.sanyovideo.com/oscon.htm SN SVP Vishay 603–224–1961 i h www.vishay.com 593D 594 Input Supply Bypassing The input voltage, Vin should be capacitively bypassed to reduce AC impedance and minimize noise effects due to the switching internals in the device. If the device is loaded from Vout to GND, it is recommended that a large value capacitor (at least equal to C1) be connected from Vin to GND. If the device is loaded from Vin to Vout a small (0.7 µF) capacitor between the pins is sufficient. http://onsemi.com 7 Part Types/Series MAX828, MAX829 –Vout 5 1 OSC + Vin + 2 + 3 4 MAX828: Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829: Capacitors = 3.3 µF Figure 24. Voltage Inverter The MAX828 / 829 primary function is a voltage inverter. The device will convert 5.0 V into –5.0 V with light loads. Two capacitors are required for the inverter to function. A third capacitor, the input bypass capacitor, may be required depending on the power source for the inverter. The performance for this device is illustrated below. 0.0 0.0 TA = 25°C Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TA = 25°C –1.0 –2.0 Vin = 3.3 V –3.0 Vin = 5.0 V –4.0 –5.0 –1.0 –2.0 Vin = 3.3 V –3.0 Vin = 5.0 V –4.0 –5.0 –6.0 –6.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 25. Voltage Inverter Load Regulation Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 26. Voltage Inverter Load Regulation Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 http://onsemi.com 8 50 MAX828, MAX829 –Vout 5 1 + Vin OSC + 2 + 5 1 OSC 2 3 4 3 4 + + MAX828 Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829 Capacitors = 3.3 µF Figure 27. Cascade Devices for Increased Negative Output Voltage –1.0 –1.0 –2.0 –2.0 –3.0 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Two or more devices can be cascaded for increased output voltage. Under light load conditions, the output voltage is approximately equal to –Vin times the number of stages. The converter output resistance increases dramatically with each additional stage. This is due to a reduction of input voltage to each successive stage as the converter output is loaded. Note that the ground connection for each successive stage must connect to the negative output of the previous stage. The performance characteristics for a converter consisting of two cascaded devices are shown below. A –4.0 –5.0 B –6.0 –7.0 –8.0 –9.0 –3.0 C –4.0 –5.0 –6.0 D –7.0 –8.0 –9.0 –10.0 –10.0 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 28. Cascade Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 29. Cascade Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 Curve Vin (V) Rout () A 3.0 173 B 5.0 141 C 3.0 179 D 5.0 147 http://onsemi.com 9 40 MAX828, MAX829 5 1 OSC Vin 2 + –Vout + + 3 + + 4 MAX828: Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829: Capacitors = 3.3 µF Figure 30. Negative Output Voltage Doubler A single device can be used to construct a negative voltage doubler. The output voltage is approximately equal to –2Vin minus the forward voltage drop of each external diode. The performance characteristics for the above converter are shown below. Note that curves A and C show the circuit performance with economical 1N4148 diodes, while curves B and D are with lower loss MBRA120E Schottky diodes. –2.0 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.0 –2.0 A –4.0 C B –6.0 D –8.0 TA = 25°C –10.0 0 10 20 30 A –4.0 B –6.0 C –8.0 D TA = 25°C –10.0 40 0 10 20 30 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 31. Doubler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 32. Doubler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 Curve Vin (V) Diodes MAX828 Rout () MAX829 Rout () A 3.0 1N4148 122 118 B 3.0 MBRA120E 114 106 C 5.0 1N4148 96 90 D 5.0 MBRA120E 91 87 http://onsemi.com 10 40 MAX828, MAX829 5 1 OSC Vin + –Vout + 2 + 3 + + + + 4 MAX828: Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829: Capacitors = 3.3 µF Figure 33. Negative Output Voltage Tripler A single device can be used to construct a negative voltage tripler. The output voltage is approximately equal to –3Vin minus the forward voltage drop of each external diode. The performance characteristics for the above converter are shown below. Note that curves A and C show the circuit performance with economical 1N4148 diodes, while curves B and D are with lower loss MBRA120E Schottky diodes. 0.0 –2.0 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.0 A –4.0 C –6.0 B –8.0 D –2.0 A –4.0 –6.0 B –8.0 C –10.0 –10.0 D –12.0 –12.0 TA = 25°C TA = 25°C –14.0 –14.0 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 34. Tripler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 35. Tripler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 Curve Vin (V) Diodes MAX828 Rout () MAX829 Rout () A 3.0 1N4148 259 246 B 3.0 MBRA120E 251 237 C 5.0 1N4148 209 198 D 5.0 MBRA120E 192 185 http://onsemi.com 11 40 MAX828, MAX829 5 1 OSC + Vin 2 + + 3 Vout 4 MAX828: Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829: Capacitors = 3.3 µF Figure 36. Positive Output Voltage Doubler A single device can be used to construct a positive voltage doubler. The output voltage is approximately equal to 2Vin minus the forward voltage drop of each external diode. The performance characteristics for the above converter are shown below. Note that curves A and C show the circuit performance with economical 1N4148 diodes, while curves B and D are with lower loss MBRA120E Schottky diodes. 10.0 10.0 D Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) D 8.0 C 6.0 B 4.0 A 8.0 C 6.0 B 4.0 A TA = 25°C TA = 25°C 2.0 2.0 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 37. Doubler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 38. Doubler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 Curve Vin (V) Diodes MAX828 Rout () MAX829 Rout () A 3.0 1N4148 32.5 32.2 B 3.0 MBRA120E 27.1 25.7 C 5.0 1N4148 26.0 25.1 D 5.0 MBRA120E 21.2 19.0 http://onsemi.com 12 40 MAX828, MAX829 5 1 OSC + Vin + 2 + + 3 Vout + 4 MAX828: Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829: Capacitors = 3.3 µF Figure 39. Positive Output Voltage Tripler A single device can be used to construct a positive voltage tripler. The output voltage is approximately equal to 3Vin minus the forward voltage drop of each external diode. The performance characteristics for the above converter are shown below. Note that curves A and C show the circuit performance with economical 1N4148 diodes, while curves B and D are with lower loss MBRA120E Schottky diodes. 14.0 14.0 D Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) D 12.0 10.0 C 8.0 B 6.0 4.0 12.0 10.0 C 8.0 B 6.0 4.0 A TA = 25°C A TA = 25°C 2.0 2.0 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 40. Tripler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 41. Tripler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 Curve Vin (V) Diodes MAX828 Rout () MAX829 Rout () A 3.0 1N4148 110 111 B 3.0 MBRA120E 96.5 96.7 C 5.0 1N4148 84.5 87.3 D 5.0 MBRA120E 78.2 77.1 http://onsemi.com 13 40 MAX828, MAX829 –Vout + 5 1 5 1 OSC Vin OSC 2 + 2 3 4 3 4 + + MAX828 Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829 Capacitors = 3.3 µF Figure 42. Paralleling Devices for Increased Negative Output Current An increase in converter output current capability with a reduction in output resistance can be obtained by paralleling two or more devices. The output current capability is approximately equal to the number of devices paralleled. A single shared output capacitor is sufficient for proper operation but each device does require it’s own pump capacitor. Note that the output ripple frequency will be complex since the oscillators are not synchronized. The output resistance is approximately equal to the output resistance of one device divided by the total number of devices paralleled. The performance characteristics for a converter consisting of two paralleled devices is shown below. –1.0 –1.0 TA = 25°C Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TA = 25°C B –2.0 –3.0 A –4.0 –5.0 –2.0 D –3.0 C –4.0 –5.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 43. Parallel Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 44. Parallel Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 Curve Vin (V) Rout (Ω) A 5.0 13.3 B 3.0 17.3 C 5.0 14.4 D 3.0 17.3 http://onsemi.com 14 100 MAX828, MAX829 Q2 5 1 –Vout + OSC Vin C1 Q1 C2 + 2 + C3 3 C1 = C2 = 470 µF C3 = 220 µF Q1 = PZT751 Q2 = PZT651 4 –Vout = Vin –VBE(Q1) – VBE(Q2) –2 VF Figure 45. External Switch for Increased Negative Output Current The output current capability of the MAX828 and MAX829 can be extended beyond 600 mA with the addition of two external switch transistors and two Schottky diodes. The output voltage is approximately equal to –Vin minus the sum of the base emitter drops of both transistors and the forward voltage of both diodes. The performance characteristics for the converter are shown below. Note that the output resistance is reduced to 0.9 and 1.0 ohms for the 828 and 829 respectively. –2.0 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) –2.2 –2.4 –2.6 –2.8 Vin = 5.0 V Rout = 0.9 Ω TA = 25°C –3.0 –3.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 –2.2 –2.4 –2.6 –2.8 Vin = 5.0 V Rout = 1.0 Ω TA = 25°C –3.0 –3.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Figure 46. Current Boosted Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX828 Figure 47. Current Boosted Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current MAX829 http://onsemi.com 15 0.6 MAX828, MAX829 50 Q2 C1 Vout 5 1 + 50 OSC + Q1 Vin C2 2 + C3 3 Capacitors = 220 µF Q1 = PZT751 Q2 = PZT651 4 Figure 48. Positive Output Voltage Doubler with High Current Capability The MAX828 / 829 can be configured to produce a positive output voltage doubler with current capability in excess of 500 mA. This is accomplished with the addition of two external switch transistors and two Schottky diodes. The output voltage is approximately equal to 2Vin minus the sum of the base emitter drops of both transistors and the forward voltage of both diodes. The performance characteristics for the converter are shown below. Note that the output resistance is reduced to 1.8 ohms. 9.0 Vin = 5.0 V Rout = 1.8 Ω TA = 25°C 8.4 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 8.8 8.0 7.6 7.2 6.8 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Vin = 5.0 V Rout = 1.8 Ω TA = 25°C 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 49. Positive Doubler with Current Boosted Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current, MAX828 Figure 50. Positive Doubler with Current Boosted Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current, MAX829 http://onsemi.com 16 0.6 MAX828, MAX829 –Vout 5 1 + OSC Vin MAX828: Capacitors = 10 µF MAX829: Capacitors = 3.3 µF 2 + + + 3 4 + +Vout Figure 51. A Positive Doubler, with a Negative Inverter All of the previously shown converter circuits have only single outputs. Applications requiring multiple outputs can be constructed by incorporating combinations of the former circuits. The converter shown above combines Figures 24 and 36 to form a negative output inverter with a positive output doubler. Different combinations of load regulation are shown below. In Figures 52 and 53 the positive doubler has a constant Iout = 15 mA while the negative inverter has the variable load. In Figures 54 and 55 the negative inverter has the constant Iout = 15 mA and the positive doubler has the variable load. 9.5 Positive Doubler Iout = 15 mA 9.0 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 9.5 8.5 –4.0 Negative Inverter –4.5 –5.0 Negative Inverter Rout = 28.8 Ω TA = 25°C 0 10 20 8.5 –4.0 Negative Inverter –4.5 Negative Inverter Rout = 28 Ω TA = 25°C 0 10 20 Iout, NEGATIVE INVERTER OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Iout, NEGATIVE INVERTER OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 52. Negative Inverter Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current, MAX828 Figure 53. Negative Inverter Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current, MAX829 30 9.5 9.5 Positive Doubler Rout = 21.4 Ω 9.0 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 9.0 –5.0 30 Positive Doubler Iout = 15 mA 8.5 –4.0 Negative Inverter –4.5 Negative Inverter Iout = 15 mA TA = 25°C 9.0 8.5 –4.0 Negative Inverter –4.5 Negative Inverter Iout = 15 mA TA = 25°C –5.0 –5.0 0 Positive Doubler Rout = 20 Ω 10 20 30 Iout, POSITIVE DOUBLER OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 0 10 20 30 Iout, POSITIVE DOUBLER OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 55. Positive Doubler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current, MAX829 Figure 54. Positive Doubler Load Regulation, Output Voltage vs. Output Current, MAX828 http://onsemi.com 17 MAX828, MAX829 http://onsemi.com 18 MAX828, MAX829 + IC1 C1 C2 Vin –Vout GND + C3 GND + 0.5 ″ Inverter Size = 0.5 in x 0.2 in Area = 0.10 in2, 64.5 mm2 Figure 56. Inverter Circuit Board Layout, Top View Copper Side TAPING FORM Component Taping Orientation for TSOP–5 Devices USER DIRECTION OF FEED DEVICE MARKING PIN 1 Standard Reel Component Orientation (Mark Right Side Up) Tape & Reel Specifications Table Package Tape Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Diameter TSOP–5 8 mm 4 mm 3000 7 inches http://onsemi.com 19 MAX828, MAX829 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TSOP–5 PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 483–01 ISSUE A NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. MAXIMUM LEAD THICKNESS INCLUDES LEAD FINISH THICKNESS. MINIMUM LEAD THICKNESS IS THE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF BASE MATERIAL. D S 5 4 1 2 3 B L G A J C 0.05 (0.002) H K M DIM A B C D G H J K L M S MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 2.90 3.10 1.30 1.70 0.90 1.10 0.25 0.50 0.85 1.00 0.013 0.100 0.10 0.26 0.20 0.60 1.25 1.55 0 10 2.50 3.00 INCHES MIN MAX 0.1142 0.1220 0.0512 0.0669 0.0354 0.0433 0.0098 0.0197 0.0335 0.0413 0.0005 0.0040 0.0040 0.0102 0.0079 0.0236 0.0493 0.0610 0 10 0.0985 0.1181 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. 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