NAND02G-B2D 2-Gbit, 2112-byte/1056-word page multiplane architecture, 1.8 V or 3 V, NAND flash memories Preliminary Data Features ■ High density NAND flash memory – Up to 2 Gbits of memory array – Cost-effective solution for mass storage applications ■ NAND interface – x8 or x16 bus width – Multiplexed address/data ■ Supply voltage: 1.8 V or 3.0 V device ■ Page size – x8 device: (2048 + 64 spare) bytes – x16 device: (1024 + 32 spare) words ■ ■ ■ Block size – x8 device: (128 K + 4 K spare) bytes – x16 device: (64 K + 2 K spare) words Multiplane architecture – Array split into two independent planes – Program/erase operations can be performed on both planes at the same time Page read/program – Random access: 25 µs (max) – Sequential access: 25 ns (min) – Page program time: 200 µs (typ) – Multiplane page program time (2 pages): 200 µs (typ) TSOP48 12 x 20 mm (N) FBGA VFBGA63 9.5 x 12 mm (ZA) ■ Status register ■ Electronic signature ■ Chip Enable ‘don’t care’ ■ Serial number option ■ Data protection: – Hardware program/erase disabled during power transitions – Non-volatile protection option ■ ONFI 1.0 compliant command set ■ Data integrity – 100,000 program/erase cycles (with ECC) – 10 years data retention ECOPACK® packages ■ Copy back program with automatic EDC (error detection code) ■ ■ Cache read mode Table 1. ■ Fast block erase – Block erase time: 1.5 ms (typ) – Multiblock erase time (2 blocks): 1.5 ms (typ) Device summary Reference Part number NAND02GR3B2D NAND02G-B2D NAND02GW3B2D NAND02GR4B2D(1) NAND02GW4B2D(1) 1. x 16 organization only available for MCP products. April 2008 Rev 3 This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice. 1/69 www.numonyx.com 1 Contents NAND02G-B2D Contents 1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 Memory array organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3 Signal descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4 3.1 Inputs/outputs (I/O0-I/O7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2 Inputs/outputs (I/O8-I/O15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.3 Address Latch Enable (AL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.4 Command Latch Enable (CL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5 Chip Enable (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.6 Read Enable (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.7 Write Enable (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.8 Write Protect (WP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.9 Ready/Busy (RB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.10 VDD supply voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.11 VSS ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Bus operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.1 Command input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2 Address input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.4 Data output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.5 Write protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.6 Standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5 Command set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6 Device operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.1 6.2 2/69 Read memory array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.1.1 Random read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.1.2 Page read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Cache read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 NAND02G-B2D Contents 6.3 Page program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6.3.1 Sequential input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6.3.2 Random data input in page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6.4 Multiplane page program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.5 Copy back program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.6 Multiplane copy back program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.7 Block erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.8 Multiplane block erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.9 Error detection code (EDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.10 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.11 Read status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.11.1 Write protection bit (SR7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.11.2 P/E/R controller and cache ready/busy bit (SR6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.11.3 P/E/R controller bit (SR5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.11.4 Error bit (SR0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.11.5 SR4, SR3, SR2 and SR1 are reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.12 Read status enhanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.13 Read EDC status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.14 Read electronic signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 6.15 Read ONFI signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6.16 Read parameter page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7 Data protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 8 Software algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 8.1 Bad block management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 8.2 NAND flash memory failure modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 8.3 Garbage collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8.4 Wear-leveling algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8.5 Error correction code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9 Program and erase times and endurance cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3/69 Contents 11 NAND02G-B2D DC and AC parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 11.1 Ready/busy signal electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 11.2 Data protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 12 Package mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 13 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 14 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4/69 NAND02G-B2D List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. Table 18. Table 19. Table 20. Table 21. Table 22. Table 23. Table 24. Table 25. Table 26. Table 27. Table 28. Table 29. Table 30. Table 31. Table 32. Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Product description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Bus operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Address insertion (x 8 devices). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Address insertion (x 16 devices). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Address definition (x 8 devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Address definition (x 16 devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Address definition for EDC units (x8 devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Address definition for EDC units (x16 devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Status register bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 EDC status register bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Electronic signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Electronic signature byte 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Electronic signature byte 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Electronic signature byte 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Read ONFI signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Parameter page data structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Block failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Program erase times and program erase endurance cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Operating and AC measurement conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 DC characteristics (1.8 V devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 DC characteristics (3 V devices). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 AC characteristics for command, address, data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 AC Characteristics for operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 TSOP48 - 48 lead plastic thin small outline, 12 x 20 mm, package mechanical data. . . . . 65 VFBGA63 9.5 x 12 mm - 6 x 8 active ball array, 0.80 mm pitch, package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Ordering information scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 5/69 List of figures NAND02G-B2D List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. 6/69 Logic block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Logic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 TSOP48 connections for NAND02G-B2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 VFBGA63 connections for NAND02G-B2D devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Memory array organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Read operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Random data output during sequential data output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Cache read (sequential) operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Cache read (random) operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Page program operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Random data input during sequential data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Multiplane page program waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Copy back program (without readout of data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Copy back program (with readout of data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Page copy back program with random data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Multiplane copy back program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Block erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Multiplane block erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Page organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Bad block management flowchart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Garbage collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Error detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Equivalent testing circuit for AC characteristics measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Command latch AC waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Address latch AC waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Data input latch AC waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Sequential data output after read AC waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Sequential data output after read AC waveforms (EDO mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Read Status register or read EDC Status register AC waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Read status enhanced waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Read electronic signature AC waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Read ONFI signature waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Page read operation AC waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Page program AC waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Block erase AC waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Reset AC waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Program/erase enable waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Program/erase disable waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Read parameter page waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Ready/busy AC waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Ready/busy load circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Resistor value versus waveform timings for ready/busy signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Data protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 TSOP48 - 48 lead plastic thin small outline, 12 x 20 mm, package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 VFBGA63 9.5 x 12 mm - 6 x 8 active ball array, 0.80 mm pitch, package outline . . . . . . . 66 NAND02G-B2D 1 Description Description The NAND02G-B2D devices are part of the NAND flash 2112-byte/1056-word page family of non-volatile flash memories. They use NAND cell technology and have a density of 2 Gbits. These devices have a memory array that is split into 2 planes of 1024 blocks each. This multiplane architecture makes it possible to program 2 pages at a time (one in each plane), or to erase 2 blocks at a time (one in each plane). This feature reduces the average program and erase times by 50%. The NAND02G-B2D devices operate from a 1.8 V or 3 V voltage supply. Depending on whether the device has a x8 or x16 bus width, the page size is 2112 bytes (2048 + 64 spare) or 1056 words (1024 + 32 spare), respectively. The address lines are multiplexed with the data input/output signals on a multiplexed x 8 input/output bus. This interface reduces the pin count and makes it possible to migrate to other densities without changing the footprint. Each block can be programmed and erased over 100,000 cycles with ECC (error correction code) on. To extend the lifetime of NAND flash devices, the implementation of an ECC is mandatory. A write protect pin is available to provide hardware protection against program and erase operations. The devices feature an open-drain ready/busy output that identifies if the P/E/R (program/erase/read) controller is currently active. The use of an open-drain output allows the ready/busy pins from several memories to connect to a single pull-up resistor. A Copy Back Program command is available to optimize the management of defective blocks. When a page program operation fails, the data can be programmed in another page without having to resend the data to be programmed. An embedded error detection code is automatically executed after each copy back operation: 1 error bit can be detected for every 528 bits. With this feature it is no longer necessary to use an external 2-bit ECC to detect copy back operation errors. The devices have a cache read feature that improves the read throughput for large files. During cache reading, the device loads the data in a Cache register while the previous data is transferred to the I/O buffers to be read. The devices have the Chip Enable ‘don’t care’ feature, which allows code to be directly downloaded by a microcontroller. This is possible because Chip Enable transitions during the latency time do not stop the read operation. The NAND02G-B2D devices support the ONFI 1.0 specification. 7/69 Description NAND02G-B2D Two further features are available as options: ● Extra non-volatile protection ● An individual serial number that acts as an unique identifier. More information is available, upon completion of an NDA (non-disclosure agreement), and are, therefore, not described in this datasheet. For more details of this option contact your nearest Numonyx sales office. The devices are available in the TSOP48 (12 x 20 mm) and VFBGA63 (9.5 x 12 mm) packages. For information on how to order these options, refer to Table 31: Ordering information scheme. Devices are shipped from the factory with block 0 always valid and the memory content bits, in valid blocks, erased to ’1’. Table 2: Product description lists the part numbers and other information for all the devices in the family. Table 2. Product description Timings Part number Bus Density width Page size Block size 2048+64 bytes 128 K+4 K bytes Memory array NAND02GR3B2D x8 NAND02GW3B2D 64 pages x 2048 blocks 2 Gb NAND02GR4B2D x16 NAND02GW4B2D 8/69 1024+ 32 words 64 K+2 K words Operating voltage Sequential access time (min) 1.7 to 1.95 V 45 ns 2.7 to 3.6 V 25 ns 1.7 to 1.95 V 45 ns 2.7 to 3.6 V 25 ns Random Page access Program time (max) (typ) Block Erase (typ) Package VFBGA63 25 µs 200 µs 1.5 ms TSOP48 VFBGA63 NAND02G-B2D Figure 1. Description Logic block diagram AL CL W E P/E/R Controller, High Voltage Generator Command Interface Logic X Decoder Address Register/Counter NAND Flash Memory Array WP Page Buffer R Cache Register Command Register Y Decoder I/O Buffers & Latches RB I/O0-I/O7 (x8/x16) I/O8-I/O15 (x16) AI13166b Figure 2. Logic diagram VDD I/O0-I/O7 (x8/x16) E I/O8-I/O15 (x16) R W NAND FLASH AL RB CL WP VSS AI13167b 9/69 Description NAND02G-B2D Table 3. Signal names Signal 10/69 Function Direction I/O0-7 Data input/outputs, address inputs, or command inputs (x8/x16 devices) Input/output I/O8-15 Data input/outputs (x16 devices) Input/output AL Address Latch Enable Input CL Command Latch Enable Input E Chip Enable Input R Read Enable Input RB Ready/Busy (open-drain output) Output W Write Enable Input WP Write Protect Input VDD Supply voltage Power supply VSS Ground Ground NC Not connected internally N/A DU Do not use N/A NAND02G-B2D Figure 3. Description TSOP48 connections for NAND02G-B2D NC NC NC NC NC NC RB R E 1 48 NC NC VDD VSS NC NC CL AL W WP NC NC NC NC NC 12 37 NAND FLASH 13 36 24 25 NC NC NC NC I/O7 I/O6 I/O5 I/O4 NC NC NC VDD VSS NC NC NC I/O3 I/O2 I/O1 I/O0 NC NC NC NC AI13168b 11/69 Description NAND02G-B2D Figure 4. VFBGA63 connections for NAND02G-B2D devices 1 2 A DU DU B DU 3 4 5 6 7 8 C WP AL VSS E W RB D NC R CL NC NC NC E NC NC NC NC NC NC F NC NC NC NC NC NC G NC NC NC NC NC NC H NC I/O0 NC NC NC VDD J NC I/O1 NC VDD I/O5 I/O7 K VSS I/O2 I/O3 I/O4 I/O6 VSS 9 10 DU DU DU DU L DU DU DU DU M DU DU DU DU AI13103 12/69 NAND02G-B2D 2 Memory array organization Memory array organization The memory array is made up of NAND structures where 32 cells are connected in series. It is organized into blocks where each block contains 64 pages. The array is split into two areas, the main area and the spare area. The main area of the array is used to store data, and the spare area typically stores error correction codes, software flag, or bad block identification. In x 8 devices, the pages are split into a 2048-byte main area and a spare area of 64 bytes. In x 16 devices, the pages are split into a 1024-word main area and a spare area of 32 words. Refer to Figure 5: Memory array organization. Bad blocks In the x8 devices, the NAND flash 2112-byte/1056-word page devices may contain bad blocks, which are blocks that contain one or more invalid bits whose reliability is not guaranteed. Additional bad blocks may develop during the lifetime of the device. The bad block information is written prior to shipping (refer to Section 8.1: Bad block management for more details). There are a minimum of 2008 and a maximum of 2048 valid blocks. These numbers include both the bad blocks that are present when the device is shipped and the bad blocks that could develop later on. These blocks need to be managed using bad blocks management, block replacement, or error correction codes (refer to Section 8: Software algorithms). 13/69 Memory array organization Figure 5. NAND02G-B2D Memory array organization x 8 bus width Plane = 1024 blocks, block = 64 pages, page = 2112 bytes (2048 + 64) First plane Second plane a are are Sp a are re a Sp Main area Main area 2048 bytes 2048 bytes Block Page 8 bits 64 bytes Page buffer, 2112 bytes 2048 bytes 64 bytes Page buffer, 2112 bytes 64 bytes 2048 bytes 64 bytes 8 bits 2-page buffer, 2 x 2112 bytes x 16 bus width plane = 2048 blocks, block = 64 pages, page = 1056 words (1024 + 32) First plane Second plane a re a Sp are a are are Sp Main area Main area 1024 words 1024 words Block Page 16 bits 32 words Page buffer, 1056 bytes 1024 words 32 words 32 words Page buffer, 1056 bytes 1024 words 32 words 16 bits 2-page buffer, 2 x 1056 bytes AI13170C 14/69 NAND02G-B2D 3 Signal descriptions Signal descriptions See Figure 2: Logic diagram, and Table 3: Signal names for a brief overview of the signals connected to this device. 3.1 Inputs/outputs (I/O0-I/O7) Input/outputs 0 to 7 input the selected address, output the data during a read operation, or input a command or data during a write operation. The inputs are latched on the rising edge of Write Enable. I/O0-I/O7 are left floating when the device is deselected or the outputs are disabled. 3.2 Inputs/outputs (I/O8-I/O15) Input/outputs 8 to 15 are only available in x 16 devices. They output the data during a read operation or input data during a write operation. Command and address inputs only require I/O0 to I/O7. The inputs are latched on the rising edge of Write Enable. I/O8-I/O15 are left floating when the device is deselected or the outputs are disabled. 3.3 Address Latch Enable (AL) The Address Latch Enable activates the latching of the address inputs in the command interface. When AL is High, the inputs are latched on the rising edge of Write Enable. 3.4 Command Latch Enable (CL) The Command Latch Enable activates the latching of the command inputs in the command interface. When CL is High, the inputs are latched on the rising edge of Write Enable. 3.5 Chip Enable (E) The Chip Enable input, E, activates the memory control logic, input buffers, decoders and sense amplifiers. When Chip Enable is Low, VIL, the device is selected. If Chip Enable goes High, VIH, while the device is busy, the device remains selected and does not go into standby mode. 3.6 Read Enable (R) The Read Enable pin, R, controls the sequential data output during read operations. Data is valid tRLQV after the falling edge of R. The falling edge of R also increments the internal column address counter by one. 15/69 Signal descriptions 3.7 NAND02G-B2D Write Enable (W) The Write Enable input, W, controls writing to the command interface, input address, and data latches. Both addresses and data are latched on the rising edge of Write Enable. During power-up and power-down a recovery time of 10 µs (min) is required before the command interface is ready to accept a command. It is recommended to keep Write Enable high during the recovery time. 3.8 Write Protect (WP) The Write Protect pin is an input that gives a hardware protection against unwanted program or erase operations. When Write Protect is Low, VIL, the device does not accept any program or erase operations. It is recommended to keep the Write Protect pin Low, VIL, during power-up and power-down. 3.9 Ready/Busy (RB) The Ready/Busy output, RB, is an open-drain outputs that can be used to identify if the P/E/R controller is currently active. When Ready/Busy is Low, VOL, a read, program or erase operation is in progress. When the operation completes, Ready/Busy goes High, VOH. The use of an open-drain output allows the Ready/Busy pins from several memories to be connected to a single pull-up resistor. A Low then indicates that one or more of the memories is busy. During power-up and power-down a minimum recovery time of 10 µs is required before the command interface is ready to accept a command. During this period the RB signal is Low, VOL. Refer to Section 11.1: Ready/busy signal electrical characteristics for details on how to calculate the value of the pull-up resistor. 3.10 VDD supply voltage VDD provides the power supply to the internal core of the memory device. It is the main power supply for all operations (read, program and erase). An internal voltage detector disables all functions whenever VDD is below VLKO (see Table 26) to protect the device from any involuntary program/erase during power transitions. Each device in a system should have VDD decoupled with a 0.1 µF capacitor. The PCB track widths should be sufficient to carry the required program and erase currents. 3.11 VSS ground Ground, VSS, is the reference for the power supply. It must be connected to the system ground. 16/69 NAND02G-B2D 4 Bus operations Bus operations There are six standard bus operations that control the memory, as described in this section. See Table 4: Bus operations for a summary of these operations. Typically, glitches of less than 5 ns on Chip Enable, Write Enable, and Read Enable are ignored by the memory and do not affect bus operations. 4.1 Command input Command input bus operations give commands to the memory. Commands are accepted when Chip Enable is Low, Command Latch Enable is High, Address Latch Enable is Low, and Read Enable is High. They are latched on the rising edge of the Write Enable signal. Only I/O0 to I/O7 input commands. See Figure 24 and Table 27 for details of the timings requirements. 4.2 Address input Address input bus operations input the memory addresses. Five bus cycles are required to input the addresses (refer to Table 5: Address insertion (x 8 devices) and Table 6: Address insertion (x 16 devices)). The addresses are accepted when Chip Enable is Low, Address Latch Enable is High, Command Latch Enable is Low, and Read Enable is High. They are latched on the rising edge of the Write Enable signal. Only I/O0 to I/O7 are used to input addresses. See Figure 25 and Table 27 for details of the timings requirements. 4.3 Data input Data input bus operations input the data to be programmed. Data is accepted only when Chip Enable is Low, Address Latch Enable is Low, Command Latch Enable is Low, and Read Enable is High. The data is latched on the rising edge of the Write Enable signal. The data is input sequentially using the Write Enable signal. See Figure 26 and Table 27 and Table 28 for details of the timings requirements. 4.4 Data output Data output bus operations read the data in the memory array, the Status register, the electronic signature, and the unique identifier. Data is output when Chip Enable is Low, Write Enable is High, Address Latch Enable is Low, and Command Latch Enable is Low. The data is output sequentially using the Read Enable signal. 17/69 Bus operations NAND02G-B2D If the Read Enable pulse frequency is lower then 33 MHz (tRLRL higher than 30 ns), the output data is latched on the rising edge of Read Enable signal (see Figure 27). For higher frequencies (tRLRL lower than 30 ns), the EDO (extended data out) mode must be used. In this mode, Data Output bus operations are valid on the input/output bus for a time of tRLQX after the falling edge of Read Enable signal (see Figure 28). See Table 28 for details on the timings requirements. 4.5 Write protect Write protect bus operations are used to protect the memory against program or erase operations. When the Write Protect signal is Low, the device does not accept program or erase operations, and, therefore, the contents of the memory array cannot be altered. The Write Protect signal is not latched by Write Enable to ensure protection, even during powerup. 4.6 Standby When Chip Enable is High the memory enters standby mode, the device is deselected, outputs are disabled, and power consumption is reduced. Table 4. Bus operations Bus operation E AL CL R W WP I/O0 - I/O7 I/O8 - I/O15(1) Command input VIL VIL VIH VIH Rising X(2) Command X Address input VIL VIH VIL VIH Rising X Address X Data input VIL VIL VIL VIH Rising VIH Data input Data input Data output VIL VIL VIL Falling VIH X Data output Data output Write protect X X X X X VIL X X Standby VIH X X X X VIL/VDD X X 1. Only for x 16 devices. 2. WP must be VIH when issuing a Program or Erase command. Table 5. Address insertion (x 8 devices) Bus cycle(1) I/O7 I/O6 I/O5 I/O4 I/O3 I/O2 I/O1 I/O0 1st A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 2nd VIL VIL VIL VIL A11 A10 A9 A8 3rd A19 A18 A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 A12 th 4 A27 A26 A25 A24 A23 A22 A21 A20 5th VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL A28 1. Any additional address input cycles are ignored. 18/69 NAND02G-B2D Bus operations Table 6. Address insertion (x 16 devices) Bus cycle(1) I/O7 I/O6 I/O5 I/O4 I/O3 I/O2 I/O1 I/O0 1st A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 nd VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL A10 A9 A8 rd A18 A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 th 4 A26 A25 A24 A23 A22 A21 A20 A19 5th VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL A27 2 3 1. Any additional address input cycles are ignored. Table 7. Table 8. Address definition (x 8 devices) Address Definition A0 - A11 Column address A12 - A17 Page address A18 - A28 Block address A18 = 0 First plane A18 = 1 Second plane Address definition (x 16 devices) Address Definition A0 - A10 Column address A11 - A16 Page address A17 - A27 Block address A17 = 0 First plane A17 = 1 Second plane 19/69 Command set 5 NAND02G-B2D Command set All bus write operations sent to the device are interpreted by the command interface. The commands are input on I/O0-I/O7 and are latched on the rising edge of Write Enable when the command Latch Enable signal is High. Device operations are selected by writing specific commands to the Command register. The two-step command sequences for program and erase operations are imposed to maximize data security. Table 9 summarizes the commands. Table 9. Commands Bus write operations Command(1) 1st cycle 2nd cycle 3rd cycle 4th cycle Read 00h 30h – – Random Data Output 05h E0h – – Cache Read (sequential) 31h – – – Enhanced Cache Read (random) 00h 31h – – Exit Cache Read 3Fh – – – Page Program (sequential input default) 80h 10h – – Random Data Input 85h – – – 80h 11h 81h 10h Multiplane Page Program 80h 11h 80h 10h Copy Back Read 00h 35h – – 85h 10h – – 85h 11h 81h 10h Multiplane Copy Back Program 85h 11h 85h 10h Block Erase 60h D0h – – 60h 60h D0h – Multiplane Block Erase 60h D1h 60h D0h Reset FFh – – – Read Electronic Signature 90h – – – Read Status register 70h – – – Yes Read Status Enhanced 78h – – – Yes Read Parameter Page ECh – – – Read EDC Status register 7Bh – – – Multiplane Page Program(3) Copy Back Program Multiplane Copy Back Multiplane Block Program(3) Erase(3) 1. Commands in bold are referring to ONFI 1.0 specifications. 2. Only during cache read busy. 3. Command maintained for backward compatibility. 20/69 Commands accepted during busy Yes(2) Yes NAND02G-B2D 6 Device operations Device operations This section provides details of the device operations. 6.1 Read memory array At power-up the device defaults to read mode. To enter read mode from another mode, the read command must be issued (see Table 9: Commands). 6.1.1 Random read Each time the read command is issued, the first read is random read. 6.1.2 Page read After the first random read access, the page data (2112 bytes or 1056 words) is transferred to the page buffer in a time of tWHBH (see Table 28). Once the transfer is complete, the Ready/Busy signal goes High. The data can then be read sequentially (from selected column address to last column address) by pulsing the Read Enable signal. The devices can output random data in a page, instead of consecutive sequential data, by issuing a Random Data Output command. The Random Data Output command can be used to skip some data during a sequential data output. The sequential operation can be resumed by changing the column address of the next data to be output, to the address which follows the Random Data Output command. The Random Data Output command can be issued as many times as required within a page. The Random Data Output command is not accepted during cache read operations. 21/69 Device operations Figure 6. NAND02G-B2D Read operations CL E W AL R tBLBH1 RB I/O 00h Command Code Address Input 30h Command Code Data Output (sequentially) Busy ai12469 22/69 NAND02G-B2D Figure 7. Device operations Random data output during sequential data output tBLBH1 (Read Busy time) RB Busy tRHWL W R I/O 00h Address Inputs 30h Data Output Cmd Code Cmd Code 05h Address Inputs Cmd Code 5 Add cycles Row Add 1,2,3 Col Add 1,2 E0h Data Output Cmd Code 2 Add cycles Col Add 1,2 Main Area Spare Area Main Area Spare Area ai08658b 6.2 Cache read The cache read operation improves the read throughput by reading data using the Cache register. As soon as the user starts to read one page, the device automatically loads the next page into the Cache register. A Read Page command, as defined in Section 6.1.1: Random read, is issued prior to the first Cache Read command in a cache read sequence. Once the Read Page command execution is terminated, the Cache Read command can be issued as follows: 1. Issue a Sequential Cache Read command to copy the next page in sequential order to the Cache register 2. Issue a Random Cache Read command to copy the page addressed in this command to the Cache register. The two commands can be used interchangeably, in any order. When there are no more pages to be read, the final page is copied into the Cache register by issuing the Exit Cache Read command. A Read Cache command must not be issued after the last page of the device is read. Data output only starts after issuing the 31h command for the first time. See Figure 8: Cache read (sequential) operation and Figure 9: Cache read (random) operation for examples of the two sequences. 23/69 Device operations NAND02G-B2D After the Sequential Cache Read or Random Cache Read command has been issued, the Ready/Busy signal goes Low and the Status register bits are set to SR5 =' 0' and SR6 ='0'. This is for a period of Cache Read busy time, tRCBSY while the device copies the next page into the Cache register. After the Cache Read busy time has passed, the Ready/Busy signal goes High and the Status register bits are set to SR5 = '0' and SR6 = '1', signifying that the Cache register is ready to download new data. Data of the previously read page can be output from the page buffer by toggling the Read Enable signal. Data output always begins at column address 00h, but the Random Data Output command is also supported. Figure 8. Cache read (sequential) operation tBLBH1 tRCBSY (Read Busy time) RB (Read Cache Busy time) tRCBSY (Read Cache Busy time) R Busy I/O0-7 Address Inputs 00h Read Setup Code Data Outputs 31h 30h Read Code Cache Read Sequential Code Data Outputs 3Fh Exit Cache Read Code ai13176b Repeat as many times as ncessary. Figure 9. Cache read (random) operation tBLBH1 tRCBSY (Read Busy time) RB tRCBSY (Read Cache Busy time) (Read Cache Busy time) R Busy I/O0-7 00h Read Setup Code Address Inputs 30h 00h Read Code Read Setup Code Address Inputs 31h Data Outputs Enhanced Cache Read (random) Code Repeat as many times as ncessary. 24/69 3Fh Data Outputs Exit Cache Read Code ai13176c NAND02G-B2D 6.3 Device operations Page program The page program operation is the standard operation to program data to the memory array. Generally, the page is programmed sequentially, however, the device does support random input within a page. It is recommended to address pages sequentially within a given block. The memory array is programmed by page, however, partial page programming is allowed where any number of bytes (1 to 2112) or words (1 to 1056) can be programmed. The maximum number of consecutive, partial-page program operations allowed in the same page is four. After exceeding four operations, a Block Erase command must be issued before any further program operations can take place in that page. 6.3.1 Sequential input To input data sequentially the addresses must be sequential and remain in one block. For sequential input each page program operation consists of the following five steps: 1. One bus cycle is required to set up the Page Program (sequential input) command (see Table 9: Commands) 2. Five bus cycles are then required to input the program address (refer to Table 5: Address insertion (x 8 devices) and Table 6: Address insertion (x 16 devices)) 3. The data is then loaded into the Data registers 4. One bus cycle is required to issue the Page Program Confirm command to start the P/E/R controller. The P/E/R controller only starts if the data has been loaded in step 3. 5. The P/E/R controller then programs the data into the array. See Figure 10: Page program operation for more information. 6.3.2 Random data input in page During a sequential input operation, the next sequential address to be programmed can be replaced by a random address by issuing a Random Data Input command. The following two steps are required to issue the command: 1. One bus cycle is required to set up the Random Data Input command (see Table 9: Commands) 2. Two bus cycles are then required to input the new column address (refer to Table 5: Address insertion (x 8 devices)) Random data input can be repeated as often as required in any given page. Once the program operation has started, the Status register can be read using the Read Status register command. During program operations the Status register only flags errors for bits set to '1' that have not been successfully programmed to '0'. During the program operation, only the Read Status register and Reset commands are accepted; all other commands are ignored. Once the program operation has completed, the P/E/R controller bit SR6 is set to ‘1’ and the Ready/Busy signal goes High. The device remains in read status register mode until another valid command is written to the command interface. 25/69 Device operations NAND02G-B2D Figure 10. Page program operation tBLBH2 (Program Busy time) RB Busy I/O 80h Data Input Address Inputs 10h 70h Confirm Code Page Program Setup Code SR0 Read Status Register ai08659 Figure 11. Random data input during sequential data input tBLBH2 (Program Busy time) RB Busy I/O 80h Address Inputs Data Intput 85h Cmd code Cmd code 5 Add cycles Row Add 1,2,3 Col Add 1,2 Main area Spare area Address Inputs 2 Add cycles Col Add 1,2 Data Input 10h Confirm code Main area 70h SR0 Read Status register Spare area ai08664 26/69 NAND02G-B2D 6.4 Device operations Multiplane page program The devices support multiplane page program operations, which enables the programming of two pages in parallel, one in each plane. A multiplane page program operation requires the following two steps: 1. 2. The first step serially loads up to two pages of data (4224 bytes) into the data buffer. It requires: – 1 clock cycle to set up the Page Program command (see Section 6.3.1: Sequential input) – 5 bus write cycles to input the first page address and data. The address of the first page must be within the first plane (A18 = 0 for x 8 devices, A17 = 0 for x 16 devices) – 1 bus write cycle to issue the page program confirm code. After this, the device is busy for a time of tIPBSY – When the device returns to the ready state (Ready/Busy High), a multiplane page program setup code must be issued, followed by the 2nd page address (5 write cycles) and data. The address of the second page must be within the second plane (A18 = 1 for x 8 devices, A17 = 1 for x 16 devices) Parallel programming of both pages starts after the issue of Page Confirm command. Refer to Figure 12: Multiplane page program waveform for differences between ONFI and traditional sequences. As for standard page program operation, the device supports random data input during both data loading phases. Once the multiplane page program operation has started, that is during a delay of tIPBSY, the Status register can be read using the Read Status register command. Once the multiplane page program operation has completed, the P/E/R controller bit SR6 is set to ‘1’ and the Ready/Busy signal goes High. If the multiplane page program fails, an error is signaled on bit SR0 of the Status register. To know which page of the two planes failed, the Read Status Enhanced command must be issued twice, once for each plane (see Section 6.12). Figure 12 provides a description of the multiplane operation while showing the restrictions related to the multiplane page program and the differences between ONFI 1.0 and traditional sequences. 27/69 Device operations NAND02G-B2D Figure 12. Multiplane page program waveform tBLBH2 tIPBSY (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy 1 I/O 80h Page Program setup code Address inputs Data input 2 11h Confirm code A0-A11 = Valid A12-A17 = set to 'Low' A18 = set to 'Low' A19-A28 = set to 'Low' 81h Address inputs Data input A0-A11 = Valid A12-A17 = Valid A18 = set to 'High' A19-A28 = Valid Multiplane Page Program setup code 10h Confirm code 70h SR0 Read Status register 1) The same row address, except for A18, is applied to the two blocks. 2) Any command between 11h and 81h is prohibited except 70h and FFh. 11h 80h 10h 81h Data input First plane (1024 block) Second plane (1024 block) Block 0 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 . . . . Block 2044 Block 2045 Block 2046 Block 2047 a) Traditional protocol CL W AL R I/O 80h C1A C2A R1A R2A R3A D0A D1A ... DnA 11h 80h C1B C2B R1B R2B R3B D0B D1B ... DnB 10h tBLBH2 tIPBSY (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy b) ONFI 1.0 protocol ai13171c 1. This address scheme refers to x 8 devices. Please, remember to use the appropriate scheme for x 16 devices. 6.5 Copy back program The copy back program operation is used to copy the data stored in one page and reprogram it in another page. The copy back program operation does not require external memory and so the operation is faster and more efficient because the reading and loading cycles are not required. The operation is particularly useful when a portion of a block is updated and the rest of the block needs to be copied to the newly assigned block. 28/69 NAND02G-B2D Device operations The NAND02G-B2D device features automatic EDC (error detection code) during a copy back operation. Consequently, external ECC is no longer required. The errors detected during copy back operations can be read by performing a read EDC Status register operation (see Section 6.13: Read EDC status register). See also Section 6.9 for details of EDC operations. The copy back program operation requires the following four steps: 1. The first step reads the source page. The operation copies all 2112 bytes from the page into the data buffer. It requires: – 1 bus write cycle to set up the command – 5 bus write cycles to input the source page address – 1 bus write cycle to issue the confirm command code 2. When the device returns to the ready state (Ready/Busy High), optional data readout is allowed by pulsing R; the next bus write cycle of the command is given with the 5 bus cycles to input the target page address. The address A18 in x 8 devices (A17 in x 16 devices) must be the same for the source and target page 3. Then, the confirm command is issued to start the P/E/R controller. To see the data input cycle for modifying the source page and an example of the copy back program operation, refer to Figure 13: Copy back program (without readout of data). Figure 15: Page copy back program with random data input shows a data input cycle to modify a portion or a multiple distant portion of the source page. Figure 13. Copy back program (without readout of data) I/O 00h Source Add Inputs 35h 85h Read Code Target Add Inputs 10h Copy Back Code 70h SR0 Read Status Register tBLBH1 tBLBH2 (Read Busy time) (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy ai09858b 1. Copy back program is only permitted between odd address pages or even address pages. Figure 14. Copy back program (with readout of data) I/O 00h Source Add Inputs 35h Data Outputs Read Code 85h Target Add Inputs 10h 70h Copy Back Code tBLBH1 SR0 Read Status Register tBLBH2 (Read Busy time) (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy ai09858c 29/69 Device operations NAND02G-B2D Figure 15. Page copy back program with random data input I/O Source Add Inputs 35h 00h Read Code 85h Target Add Inputs Data Copy Back Code tBLBH1 85h 2 Cycle Add Inputs Data 10h 70h SR0 Unlimited number of repetitions tBLBH2 (Read Busy time) (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy ai11001 6.6 Multiplane copy back program In addition to multiplane page program, the NAND02G-B2D device supports multiplane copy back program. A Multiplane Copy Back Program command requires exactly the same steps as a multiplane page program and must satisfy the same time constraints (see Section 6.4: Multiplane page program). Prior to executing the multiplane copy back program, two single page read operations must be executed to copy back the first page from the first plane and the second page from the second plane. Two different sequences are allowed for the multiplane copy back operation: 1. A traditional one (85h command, address insertion for the first plane, 11h command, 81h command, address insertion for the second plane, 10h command) 2. ONFI 1.0 (85h command, address insertion for the first plane, 11h command, 85h command, address insertion for the second plane, 10h command). The EDC check is also performed during the multiplane copy back program. Errors during multiplane copy back operations can be detected by performing a read EDC Status register operation (see Section 6.13: Read EDC status register). If the multiplane copy back program fails, an error is signaled on bit SR0 of the Status register. To know which page of the two planes failed, the Read Status Enhanced command must be executed twice, once for each plane (see Section 6.12). Figure 16 provides a description of multiplane copy back program waveforms. 30/69 NAND02G-B2D Device operations Figure 16. Multiplane copy back program I/O 00h Add. 5 cycles 35h Copy back code Copy back code Read code Read code Add. 5 cycles 00h 35h 85h Col. Add. 1, 2 Col. Add. 1, 2 Row Add. 1, 2, 3 Row Add. 1, 2, 3 Source address on 1st plane Source address on 2nd plane tBLBH1 tBLBH1 (Read Busy time) (Read Busy time) Add. 5 cycles 2 11h Col. Add. 1, 2 Row Add. 1, 2, 3 Destination address A0-A11 = set to 'Low' A12-A17 = set to 'Low' A18 = set to 'Low' A19-A28 = set to 'Low' 81h Add. 5 cycles 10h 70h SR0 Col. Add. 1, 2 Row Add. 1, 2, 3 Destination address A0-A11 = set to 'Low' A12-A17 = Valid A18 = set to 'High' A19-A28 = Valid tIPBSY tBLBH2 (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy Read Status Register Busy Busy Second plane First plane Source page Source page Target page Target page (1) Main area (1): Read for copy back on first plane (2): Read for copy back on second plane (3) (2) Spare area (3) Main area (3): Two-plane copy back program Spare area a) Traditional sequence. CL W AL R /O 0-7 60h R1A R2A R3A D1h 60h R1B R2B R3B D0h tBLBH2 tIPBSY (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy b) ONFI 1.0 sequence. ai13172c 1. This address scheme refers to x 8 devices. Please, remember to use the appropriate scheme for x 16 devices. 2. Any command between 11h and 81h is prohibited except 70h and FFh. 31/69 Device operations 6.7 NAND02G-B2D Block erase Erase operations are done one block at a time. An erase operation sets all of the bits in the addressed block to ‘1’. All previous data in the block is lost. An erase operation consists of the following three steps (refer to Figure 17: Block erase): 1. One bus cycle is required to set up the Block Erase command. Only addresses A18A28 are used; the other address inputs are ignored 2. Three bus cycles are then required to load the address of the block to be erased. Refer to Table 7: Address definition (x 8 devices) for the block addresses of each device 3. One bus cycle is required to issue the Block Erase Confirm command to start the P/E/R controller. The operation is initiated on the rising edge of Write Enable, W, after the Confirm command is issued. The P/E/R controller handles block erase and implements the verify process. During the block erase operation, only the Read Status Register and Reset commands are accepted; all other commands are ignored. Once the program operation has completed, the P/E/R controller bit SR6 is set to ‘1’ and the Ready/Busy signal goes High. If the operation completed successfully, the Write Status bit SR0 is ‘0’, otherwise it is set to ‘1’. Figure 17. Block erase tBLBH3 (Erase Busy time) RB Busy I/O 60h Block erase setup code Block address inputs D0h Confirm code 70h SR0 Read Status Register ai07593 32/69 NAND02G-B2D 6.8 Device operations Multiplane block erase The multiplane block erase operation allows the erasure of two blocks in parallel, one in each plane. This operation consists of the following three steps (refer to Figure 18: Multiplane block erase): 1. 10 bus cycles are required to set up the Block Erase command and load the addresses of the blocks to be erased. The Setup command followed by the address of the block to be erased must be issued for each block. tIEBSY busy time is required between the insertion of first and the second block addresses. As for multiplane page program, the address of the first and second page must be within the first plane (A18 = 0 for x8 devices, A17 = 0 for x16 devices) and second plane (A18 = 1 for x8 devices, A17 = 1 for x16 devices), respectively 2. one bus cycle is then required to issue the Multiplane Block Erase Confirm command and start the P/E/R controller If the multiplane block erase fails, an error is signaled on bit SR0 of the Status register. To know which page of the two planes failed, the Read Status Enhanced command must be issued twice, once for each plane (see Section 6.12). Figure 18. Multiplane block erase tBLBH3 (Erase Busy time) RB Busy I/O 60h Block Erase Setup code Block address inputs A18=0 A12-A17=0 A17-A29=0 60h Block address inputs Block Erase Setup code A18=1 A12-A17=0 A17-A29=valid D0h Confirm code 70h SR0 Read Status register a) Traditional sequence CL W AL R I/O 0-7 60h R1A R2A R3A D1h 60h R1B R2B R3B D0h tBLBH2 tIPBSY (Program Busy time) RB Busy Busy b) ONFI 1.0 sequence. ai13173c 1. This address scheme refers to x 8 devices. Please remember to use the appropriate scheme for x 16 devices. 33/69 Device operations 6.9 NAND02G-B2D Error detection code (EDC) The EDC is performed automatically during all copy back operations. It starts immediately after the device becomes busy. The EDC detects 1 single bit error per EDC unit. Each EDC unit has a density of 528 bytes (or 264 words), split into 512 bytes of main area and 16 bytes of spare area (or 256 + 8 words). Refer to Table 10 and Figure 19 for EDC unit addresses definition. EDC results can only be retrieved during copy back program and multiplane copy back operations using the Read EDC Status Register command (see Section 6.13). To properly use the EDC, the following conditions apply: ● Page program operations must be performed on a whole page, or on whole EDC unit(s) ● The modification of the content of an EDC unit using a random data input before the copy back program, must be performed on the whole EDC unit. It can only be done once per EDC unit. Any partial modification of the EDC unit results in the corruption of the on-chip EDCs. Figure 19. Page organization Page = 4 EDC units Main area (2048 bytes/1024 words) Spare area (64 bytes/32 words) A area B area C area D area (512 bytes/ (512 bytes/ (512 bytes/ (512 bytes/ 256 words) 256 words) 256 words) 256 words) E area (16 bytes/ 8 words) F area G area (16 bytes/ (16 bytes/ 8 words) 8 words) H area (16 bytes/ 8 words) AI13179b Table 10. Address definition for EDC units (x8 devices) Main area Spare area EDC unit Area name Column address Area name Column address 1st 528-byte EDC unit A 0 to 511 E 2048 to 2063 2nd 528-byte EDC unit B 512 to 1023 F 2064 to 2079 3rd 528-byte EDC unit C 1024 to1535 G 2080 to 2095 4th 528-byte EDC unit D 1536 to 2047 H 2096 to 2111 34/69 NAND02G-B2D Table 11. Device operations Address definition for EDC units (x16 devices) Main area Spare area EDC unit Area name Column address Area name Column address 1st 264-word EDC unit A 0 to 255 E 1024 to 1031 2nd 264-word EDC unit B 256 to 511 F 1032 to 1039 3rd 264-word EDC unit C 512 to 767 G 1040 to 1047 4th 264-word EDC unit D 768 to 1023 H 1048 to 1055 6.10 Reset The Reset command is used to reset the command interface and Status register. If the Reset command is issued during any operation, the operation is aborted. If the aborted operation is a program or erase operation, the contents of the memory locations being modified are no longer valid as the data is partially programmed or erased. If the device has already been reset, then the new Reset command is not accepted. The Ready/Busy signal goes Low for tBLBH4 after the Reset command is issued. The value of tBLBH4 depends on the operation that the device was performing when the command was issued. Refer to Table 28 for the values. 6.11 Read status register The devices contain a Status register that provides information on the current or previous program or erase operation. The various bits in the Status register convey information and errors on the operation. The Status register is read by issuing the Read Status Register command. The Status register information is present on the output data bus (I/O0-I/O7) on the falling edge of Chip Enable or Read Enable, whichever occurs last. When several memories are connected in a system, the use of Chip Enable and Read Enable signals allows the system to poll each device separately, even when the Ready/Busy pins are common-wired. It is not necessary to toggle the Chip Enable or Read Enable signals to update the contents of the Status register. After the Read Status Register command has been issued, the device remains in read status register mode until another command is issued. Therefore, if a Read Status Register command is issued during a Random Read cycle, a new Read command must be issued to continue with a Page Read operation. The Status register bits are summarized in Table 12: Status register bits. Refer to Table 12 in conjunction with the following sections. 6.11.1 Write protection bit (SR7) The Write Protection bit identifies if the device is protected or not. If the Write Protection bit is set to ‘1’ the device is not protected and program or erase operations are allowed. If the Write Protection bit is set to ‘0’ the device is protected and program or erase operations are not allowed. 35/69 Device operations 6.11.2 NAND02G-B2D P/E/R controller and cache ready/busy bit (SR6) Status register bit SR6 has two different functions depending on the current operation. During cache operations, SR6 acts as a Cache Ready/Busy bit, which indicates whether the Cache register is ready to accept new data. When SR6 is set to '0', the Cache register is busy, and when SR6 is set to '1', the Cache register is ready to accept new data. During all other operations, SR6 acts as a P/E/R controller bit, which indicates whether the P/E/R controller is active or inactive. When the P/E/R controller bit is set to ‘0’, the P/E/R controller is active (device is busy); when the bit is set to ‘1’, the P/E/R controller is inactive (device is ready). 6.11.3 P/E/R controller bit (SR5) The Program/Erase/Read controller bit indicates whether the P/E/R controller is active or inactive during cache operations. When the P/E/R controller bit is set to ‘0’, the P/E/R controller is active (device is busy); when the bit is set to ‘1’, the P/E/R controller is inactive (device is ready). Note: This bit is only valid for cache operations. 6.11.4 Error bit (SR0) The Error bit is used to identify if any errors have been detected by the P/E/R controller. The Error bit is set to ’1’ when a program or erase operation has failed to write the correct data to the memory. If the Error bit is set to ‘0’ the operation has completed successfully. 6.11.5 SR4, SR3, SR2 and SR1 are reserved Table 12. Status register bits Bit Name SR7 Write protection Logic level Definition '1' Not protected '0' Protected Program/Erase/Read controller '1' P/E/R controller inactive, device ready '0' P/E/R controller active, device busy Program/Erase/Read controller(1) '1' P/E/R controller inactive, device ready '0' P/E/R controller active, device busy SR4, SR3, SR2, SR1 Reserved Don’t care SR0 Generic error SR6 SR5 1. Only valid for cache operations. 36/69 ‘1’ Error – operation failed ‘0’ No error – operation successful NAND02G-B2D 6.12 Device operations Read status enhanced In NAND flash devices with multiplane architecture, it is possible to independently read the status register of a single plane using the Read Status Enhanced command. If the error bit of the Status register, SR0, reports an error during or after a multiplane operation, the Read Status Enhanced command is used to know which of the two planes contains the page that failed the operation. Three address cycles are required to address the selected block and page (A12-A28 for x 8 devices and A11-A27 for x 16 devices). The output of the Read Status Enhanced command has the same coding as the Read Status command. See Table 12 for a full description and Figure 30 for the Read Status Enhanced waveform. 6.13 Read EDC status register The devices contain an EDC Status register, which provides information on the errors that occurred during the read cycles of the copy back and multiplane copy back operations. In the case of multiplane copy back program it is not possible to distinguish which of the two read operations caused the error. The EDC Status register is read by issuing the Read EDC Status Register command. After issuing the Read EDC Status Register command, a read cycle outputs the content of the EDC Status register to the I/O pins on the falling edge of Chip Enable or Read Enable signals, whichever occurs last. The operation is similar to the Read Status Register command. Table 13: EDC status register bits summarizes the EDC Status register bits. See Figure 29 for a description of register EDC Status register waveforms. Table 13. Bit 0 EDC status register bits Name Logic level Definition ‘1’ Copy back or multiplane copy back operation failed ‘0’ Copy back or multiplane copy back operation succeeded ‘1’ Error ‘0’ No error ‘1’ Valid ‘0’ Invalid Pass/Fail 1 EDC status 2 EDC validity 3 Reserved ‘Don’t care’ - 4 Reserved ‘Don’t care’ - 5 Ready/Busy(1) 6 Ready/Busy(1) 7 Write Protect ‘1’ Ready ‘0’ Busy ‘1’ Ready ‘0’ Busy ‘1’ Not protected ‘0’ Protected 1. See Table 12: Status register bits for a description of SR5 and SR6 bits. 37/69 Device operations 6.14 NAND02G-B2D Read electronic signature The devices contain a manufacturer code and device code. The following three steps are required to read these codes: 1. One bus write cycle to issue the Read Electronic Signature command (90h) 2. One bus write cycle to input the address (00h) 3. Five bus read cycles to sequentially output the data (as shown in Table 14: Electronic signature). The device remains in this state until a new command is issued Table 14. Electronic signature Byte 3 Byte 4 Byte 5 (see Table 15) (see Table 16) (see Table 17) AAh 10h 15h 44h 20h DAh 10h 95h 44h NAND02GR4B2D 0020h BAh 10h 55h 44h NAND02GW4B2D 0020h CAh 10h D5h 44h Root part number Byte 1 Byte 2 NAND02GR3B2D 20h NAND02GW3B2D Table 15. Electronic signature byte 3 I/O Definition Value Description Internal chip number 00 01 10 11 1 2 4 8 Cell type 00 01 10 11 2-level cell 4-level cell 8-level cell 16-level cell I/O5-I/O4 Number of simultaneously programmed pages 00 01 10 11 1 2 4 8 I/O6 Interleaved programming between multiple devices 0 1 Not supported Supported I/O7 Cache program 0 1 Not supported Supported I/O1-I/O0 I/O3-I/O2 38/69 NAND02G-B2D Table 16. Device operations Electronic signature byte 4 I/O Definition Value Description I/O1-I/O0 Page size (without spare area) 00 01 10 11 1 Kbytes 2 Kbytes 4 Kbytes 8 Kbytes I/O2 Spare area size (byte/512 byte) 0 1 8 16 Minimum sequential access time 00 10 01 11 30/50 ns 25 ns Reserved Reserved I/O5-I/O4 Block size (without spare area) 00 01 10 11 64 Kbytes 128 Kbytes 256 Kbytes 512 Kbytes I/O6 Organization 0 1 x8 x16 I/O7, I/O3 Table 17. Electronic signature byte 5 I/O Definition Value I/O1 - I/O0 Reserved 0 0 I/O3 - I/O2 Plane number I/O6 - I/O4 Plane size (without spare area) I/O7 Reserved 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Description 1 plane 2 planes 4 planes 8 planes 64 Mbits 128 Mbits 256 Mbits 512 Mbits 1 Gb 2 Gb 4 Gb 8 Gb 0 39/69 Device operations 6.15 NAND02G-B2D Read ONFI signature To recognize NAND flash devices that are compatible with the ONFI 1.0 command set, the Read Electronic Signature command can be issued, followed by an address of 20h. The next four bytes output is the ONFI signature, which is the ASCII encoding of the ‘ONFI’ word. Reading beyond four bytes produces indeterminate values. The device remains in this state until a new command is issued. Figure 32 provides a description of the read ONFI signature waveform and Table 18 provides the definition of the output bytes. Table 18. 6.16 Read ONFI signature Value ASCII character 1st byte 4Fh O 2nd byte 4Eh N 3rd byte 46h F 4th byte 49h I 5th byte Undefined Undefined Read parameter page The Read Parameter Page command retrieves the data structure that describes the NAND flash organization, features, timings and other behavioral parameters. This data structure enables the host processor to automatically recognize the NAND flash configuration of a device. The whole data structure is repeated at least five times. See Figure 39 for a description of the read parameter page waveform. The Random Data Read command can be issued during execution of the read parameter page to read specific portions of the parameter page. The Read Status command may be used to check the status of read parameter page during execution. After completion of the Read Status command, 00h is issued by the host on the command line to continue with the data output flow for the Read Parameter Page command. Read status enhanced is not be used during execution of the Read Parameter Page command. Table 19 defines the parameter page data structure. For parameters that span multiple bytes, the least significant byte of the parameter corresponds to the first byte. Values are reported in the parameter page in bytes when referring to items related to the size of data access (as in an x 8 data access device). For example, the chip returns how many data bytes are in a page. For a device that supports x 16 data access, the host is required to convert byte values to word values for its use. Unused fields are set to 0h. For more detailed information about parameter page data bits, refer to ONFI Specification 1.0 section 5.4.1. 40/69 NAND02G-B2D Device operations Table 19. Parameter page data structure Byte 0-3 O/M(1) M Description Parameter page signature – Byte 0: 4Fh, ‘O’ – Byte 1: 4Eh, ‘N’ – Byte 2: 46h, ‘F’ – Byte 3: 49h, ‘I’ Revision number Revision information and features block 4-5 M Bit 2 to bit 15 Reserved (0) Bit 1 1 = supports ONFI version 1.0 Bit 0 Reserved (0) Features supported Bit 5 to bit 15 Reserved (0) 6-7 M Bit 4 1 = supports odd to even page copy back Bit 3 1 = supports interleaved operations Bit 2 1 = supports non-sequential page programming Bit 1 1 = supports multiple LUN operations Bit 0 1 = supports 16-bit data bus width Optional commands supported Bit 6 to bit 15 Reserved (0) 8-9 M Bit 5 1 = supports read unique ID Bit 4 1 = supports copy back Bit 3 1 = supports read status enhanced Bit 2 1 = supports get features and set features Bit 1 1 = supports read cache commands Bit 0 1 = supports page cache program command Manufacturer information block 10-31 Reserved (0) 32-43 M Device manufacturer (12 ASCII characters) 44-63 M Device model (20 ASCII characters) 64 M JEDEC manufacturer ID 65-66 O Date code 67-79 Reserved (0) 80-83 M Number of data bytes per page 84-85 M Number of spare bytes per page 86-89 M Number of data bytes per partial page 90-91 M Number of spare bytes per partial page 92-95 M Number of pages per block 41/69 Device operations NAND02G-B2D Table 19. Parameter page data structure (continued) Byte O/M(1) 96-99 M Number of blocks per logical unit (LUN) 100 M Number of logical units (LUNs) Description Number of address cycles Memory organization block 101 M Bit 4 to bit 7 Column address cycles Bit 0 to bit 3 Row address cycles 102 M Number of bits per cell 103-104 M Bad blocks maximum per LUN 105-106 M Block endurance 107 M Guaranteed valid blocks at beginning of target 108-109 M Block endurance for guaranteed valid blocks 110 M Number of programs per page Partial programming attributes 111 112 M Bit 5 to bit 7 Reserved 4 1 = partial page layout is partial page data followed by partial page spare Bit 1 to bit 3 Reserved 0 1 = partial page programming has constraints M Number of bits ECC correctability Number of interleaved address bits 113 M Bit 4 to bit 7 Reserved (0) Bit 0 to bit 3 Number of interleaved address bits Interleaved operation attributes 114 O 115-127 128 42/69 Bit 4 to bit 7 Reserved (0) Bit 3 Address restrictions for program cache Bit 2 1 = program cache supported Bit 1 1 = no block address restrictions Bit 0 Overlapped / concurrent interleaving support Reserved (0) M I/O pin capacitance NAND02G-B2D Device operations Table 19. Parameter page data structure (continued) Byte O/M(1) Description Timing mode support Bit 6 to bit 15 Reserved (0) Red. param. pages Vendor block Electrical parameters block 129-130 M Bit 5 1 = supports timing mode 5 Bit 4 1 = supports timing mode 4 Bit 3 1 = supports timing mode 3 Bit 2 1 = supports timing mode 2 Bit 1 1 = supports timing mode 1 Bit 0 1 = supports timing mode 0, shall be 1 Program cache timing mode support Bit 6 to bit 15 Reserved (0) 131-132 O Bit 5 1 = supports timing mode 5 Bit 4 1 = supports timing mode 4 Bit 3 1 = supports timing mode 3 Bit 2 1 = supports timing mode 2 Bit 1 1 = supports timing mode 1 Bit 0 1 = supports timing mode 0 133-134 M tPROG maximum page program time (µs) 135-136 M tBERS maximum block erase time (µs) 137-138 M tR maximum page read time (µs) 139-163 M Reserved (0) 164-165 M Vendor specific revision number 166-253 M Vendor specific 254-255 M Integrity CRC 256-511 M Value of bytes 0-255 512-767 M Value of bytes 0-255 768+ O Additional redundant parameter pages 1. O = optional, M = mandatory. 43/69 Data protection 7 NAND02G-B2D Data protection The devices feature a Write Protect, WP, pin, which protects the device against program and erase operations. It is recommended to keep WP at VIL during power-up and power-down. 8 Software algorithms This section provides information on the software algorithms that Numonyx recommends implementing to manage the bad blocks and extend the lifetime of the NAND device. NAND flash memories are programmed and erased by Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling using high voltage. Exposing the device to high voltage for extended periods damages the oxide layer. To extend the number of program and erase cycles and increase the data retention, the: ● Number of program and erase cycles is limited (see Table 21: Program erase times and program erase endurance cycles for the values) ● Implementation of a garbage collection, a wear-leveling algorithm and an error correction code is recommended. To help integrate a NAND memory into an application, Numonyx provides a file system OS native reference software, which supports the basic commands of file management. Contact the nearest Numonyx sales office for more details. 8.1 Bad block management Devices with bad blocks have the same quality level and the same AC and DC characteristics as devices that have all valid blocks. A bad block does not affect the performance of valid blocks because it is isolated from the bit and common source lines by a select transistor. The devices are supplied with all the locations inside valid blocks erased (FFh). The bad block information is written prior to shipping. Any block, where the 1st and 6th bytes or the 1st word in the spare area of the 1st page, does not contain FFh, is a bad block. The bad block information must be read before any erase is attempted as the bad block Information may be erased. For the system to be able to recognize the bad blocks based on the original information, the creation of a bad block table following the flowchart shown in Figure 20: Bad block management flowchart is recommended. 44/69 NAND02G-B2D 8.2 Software algorithms NAND flash memory failure modes Over the lifetime of the device bad blocks may develop. To implement a highly reliable system, the possible failure modes must be considered. ● Program/erase failure In this case, the block has to be replaced by copying the data to a valid block. These additional bad blocks can be identified because attempts to program or erase them gives errors in the Status register. As the failure of a page program operation does not affect the data in other pages in the same block, the block can be replaced by reprogramming the current data and copying the rest of the replaced block to an available valid block. The Copy Back Program command copies the data to a valid block. See Section 6.5: Copy back program for more details. ● Read failure In this case, ECC correction must be implemented. To efficiently use the memory space, the recovery of a single-bit error in read by ECC, without replacing the whole block, is recommended. Refer to Table 20: Block failure for the recommended procedure to follow if an error occurs during an operation. Table 20. Block failure Operation Procedure Erase Block replacement Program Block replacement Read ECC Figure 20. Bad block management flowchart START Block Address = Block 0 Data = FFh? Increment Block Address NO Update Bad Block table YES Last block? NO YES END AI07588C 45/69 Software algorithms 8.3 NAND02G-B2D Garbage collection When a data page needs to be modified, it is faster to write to the first available page, resulting in the previous page being marked as invalid. After several updates it is necessary to remove invalid pages to free memory space. To free this memory space and allow further program operations, the implementation of a garbage collection algorithm is recommended. In garbage collection software, the valid pages are copied into a free area and the block containing the invalid pages is erased as show in Figure 21. Figure 21. Garbage collection New area (After GC) Old area Valid page Invalid page Free page (Erased) AI07599B 8.4 Wear-leveling algorithm For write-intensive applications, the implementation of a wear-leveling algorithm is recommended to monitor and spread the number of write cycles per block. In memories that do not use a wear-leveling algorithm, not all blocks get used at the same rate. The wear-leveling algorithm insures that equal use is made of all the available write cycles for each block. There are two wear-leveling levels: ● First level wear-leveling, where new data is programmed to the free blocks that have had the fewest write cycles ● Second level wear-leveling, where long-lived data is copied to another block so that the original block can be used for more frequently-changed data. The second level wear-leveling is triggered when the difference between the maximum and the minimum number of write cycles per block reaches a specific threshold. 46/69 NAND02G-B2D 8.5 Software algorithms Error correction code The user must implement an error correction code (ECC) to identify and correct errors in the data stored in the NAND flash memories. For every 2048 bits in the device, the implementation of 22 bits of ECC (16 bits for line parity plus 6 bits for column parity) is required. Figure 22. Error detection New ECC generated during read XOR previous ECC with new ECC All results = zero? YES NO >1 bit = zero? NO YES 22 bit data = 0 11 bit data = 1 1 bit data = 1 No Error Correctable Error ECC Error ai08332 47/69 Program and erase times and endurance cycles 9 NAND02G-B2D Program and erase times and endurance cycles The program and erase times and the number of program/erase cycles per block are shown in Table 21. Table 21. Program erase times and program erase endurance cycles NAND flash Parameters Unit Min Typ Max 200 700 µs 3.0 V 200 700 µs 1.8 V 250 800 µs 1.5 2 ms 3.0 V 1.5 2 ms 1.8 V 2 2.5 ms Multiplane program busy time (tIPBSY) 0.5 1 µs Multiplane erase busy time (tIEBSY) 0.5 1 µs 3 tR µs Page program time Multiplane program time Block erase time Multiplane block erase time Cache read busy time (tRCBSY) Program/erase cycles per block (with ECC) Data retention 48/69 100,000 cycles 10 years NAND02G-B2D 10 Maximum ratings Maximum ratings Stressing the device above the ratings listed in Table 22: Absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operating sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Table 22. Absolute maximum ratings Value Symbol Parameter Unit Min Max TBIAS Temperature under bias – 50 125 °C TSTG Storage temperature – 65 150 °C VIO(1) Input or output voltage – 0.6 4.6 V Supply voltage – 0.6 4.6 V VDD 1. Minimum voltage may undershoot to –2 V for less than 20 ns during transitions on input and I/O pins. Maximum voltage may overshoot to VDD + 2 V for less than 20 ns during transitions on I/O pins. 49/69 DC and AC parameters 11 NAND02G-B2D DC and AC parameters This section summarizes the operating and measurement conditions, and the DC and AC characteristics of the device. The parameters in the following DC and AC characteristics tables are derived from tests performed under the measurement conditions summarized in Table 23. Designers should check that the operating conditions in their circuit match the measurement conditions when relying on the quoted parameters. Table 23. Operating and AC measurement conditions NAND flash Parameter Supply voltage (VDD) Ambient temperature (TA) Load capacitance (CL) (1 TTL GATE and CL) Units Min Max 1.8 V device 1.7 1.95 3.0 V device 2.7 3.6 Grade 1 0 70 °C Grade 6 –40 85 °C 1.8 V device 30 pF 3.0 V device 50 pF V Input pulses voltages 0 Input and output timing ref. voltages Output circuit resistor Rref Input rise and fall times Table 24. Capacitance(1) Symbol Parameter Test condition V VDD/2 V 8.35 kΩ 5 ns Max Unit CIN Input capacitance VIN = 0 V 10 pF CI/O Input/output capacitance(2) VIL = 0 V 10 pF 1. TA = 25 °C, f = 1 MHz. CIN and CI/O are not 100% tested. 2. Input/output capacitances double in stacked devices. 50/69 Typ VDD NAND02G-B2D DC and AC parameters Figure 23. Equivalent testing circuit for AC characteristics measurement VDD 2Rref NAND Flash CL 2Rref GND GND Ai11085 Table 25. Symbol DC characteristics (1.8 V devices) Parameter IDD1 IDD2 Operating current Test conditions Min Typ Max Unit Sequential Read tRLRL minimum E=VIL, IOUT = 0 mA - 10 20 mA Program - - 10 20 mA Erase - - 10 20 mA IDD3 IDD5 Standby current (CMOS(1) E=VDD-0.2, WP=0/VDD - 10 50 µA ILI Input leakage current(1) VIN= 0 to VDDmax - - ±10 µA VOUT= 0 to VDDmax - - ±10 µA ILO Output leakage current(1) VIH Input high voltage - 0.8 * VDD - VDD + 0.3 V VIL Input low voltage - -0.3 - 0.2 * VDD V VOH Output high voltage level IOH = -100 µA VDD - 0.1 - - V VOL Output low voltage level IOL = 100 µA - - 0.1 V IOL (RB) Output low current (RB) VOL = 0.1 V 3 - 4 mA VLKO VDD supply voltage (erase and program lockout) - - - 1.1 V 1. Leakage current and standby current double in stacked devices. 51/69 DC and AC parameters Table 26. NAND02G-B2D DC characteristics (3 V devices) Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min Typ Max Unit Sequential read tRLRL minimum E=VIL, IOUT = 0 mA - 15 30 mA Program - - 15 30 mA IDD3 Erase - - 15 30 mA IDD4 (1) E=VIH, WP=0/VDD 1 mA IDD1 Operating current IDD2 Standby current (TTL) IDD5 Standby current (CMOS)(1) E=VDD-0.2, WP=0/VDD - 10 50 µA ILI Input leakage current(1) VIN= 0 to VDDmax - - ±10 µA VOUT= 0 to VDDmax - - ±10 µA ILO Output leakage current(1) VIH Input high voltage - 0.8 VDD - VDD+0.3 V VIL Input low voltage - -0.3 - 0.2 VDD V VOH Output high voltage level IOH = -400 µA 2.4 - - V VOL Output low voltage level IOL = 2.1 mA - - 0.4 V IOL (RB) Output low current (RB) VOL = 0.4 V 8 - 10 mA VLKO VDD supply voltage (erase and program lockout) - - - 1.8 V 1. Leakage current and standby current double in stacked devices. Table 27. Symbol tALLWH tALHWH tCLHWH tCLLWH AC characteristics for command, address, data input Alt. symbol Parameter 1.8 V 3V Unit Address Latch Low to Write Enable High tALS AL setup time Min 25 12 ns CL setup time Min 25 12 ns Address Latch High to Write Enable High Command Latch High to Write Enable High tCLS Command Latch Low to Write Enable High tDVWH tDS Data Valid to Write Enable High Data setup time Min 20 12 ns tELWH tCS Chip Enable Low to Write Enable High E setup time Min 35 20 ns tWHALH tALH Write Enable High to Address Latch High AL hold time Min 10 5 ns CL hold time Min 10 5 ns tWHCLH tWHCLL Write Enable High to Command Latch High tCLH Write Enable High to Command Latch Low tWHDX tDH Write Enable High to Data Transition Data hold time Min 10 5 ns tWHEH tCH Write Enable High to Chip Enable High E hold time Min 10 5 ns tWHWL tWH Write Enable High to Write Enable Low W high hold time Min 15 10 ns tWLWH tWP Write Enable Low to Write Enable High W pulse width Min 25 12 ns tWLWL tWC Write Enable Low to Write Enable Low Write cycle time Min 45 25 ns 52/69 NAND02G-B2D Table 28. Symbol tALLRL1 tALLRL2 tBHRL DC and AC parameters AC Characteristics for operations(1) Alt. symbol Parameter 10 10 ns Read cycle Min 10 10 ns Min 20 20 ns Read Busy time Max 25 25 µs Program Busy time Max 700 700 µs Erase Busy time Max 2 2 ms Reset Busy time, during ready Max 5 5 µs Reset Busy time, during read Max 5 5 µs Reset Busy time, during program Max 10 10 µs Reset Busy time, during erase Max 500 500 µs Command Latch Low to Read Enable Low Min 10 10 ns Data Hi-Z to Read Enable Low Min 0 0 ns Chip Enable High to Output Hi-Z Max 30 30 ns Min 10 10 ns tRR Ready/Busy High to Read Enable Low tBLBH1 tBLBH3 tBERS Ready/Busy Low to Ready/Busy High tBLBH4 tRST tCLLRL tCLR tDZRL tIR tEHQZ tCHZ tEHALX tEHCLX tCSD Unit Min Address Latch Low to Read Enable Low tPROG 3V Read electronic signature tAR tBLBH2 1.8 V Chip Enable High to Address Latch ‘don’t care’ Chip Enable High to Command Latch ‘don’t care’ tRHQZ tRHZ Read Enable High to Output Hi-z Max 100 100 ns tELQV tCEA Chip Enable Low to Output Valid Max 45 25 ns tRHRL tREH Read Enable High to Read Enable Low Min 15 10 ns tEHQX tCOH Chip Enable high to Output Hold Min 15 15 ns tRHQX tRHOH Read Enable High to Output Hold Min 15 15 ns tRLQX tRLOH Read Enable Low to Output Hold (EDO mode) Min 5 5 ns tRLRH tRP Read Enable Low to Read Enable High Read enable pulse width Min 25 12 ns tRLRL tRC Read Enable Low to Read Enable Low Read cycle time Min 45 25 ns tRLQV tREA Read Enable Low to Output Valid Max 30 20 ns tWHBH tR Write Enable High to Ready/Busy High Max 25 25 µs tWHBL tWB Write Enable High to Ready/Busy Low Max 100 100 ns tWHRL tWHR Write Enable High to Read Enable Low Min 60 60 ns tRHWL tRHW Read Enable High to Write Enable Low Min 100 100 ns tWHWH tADL(3) Last address latched to data loading time during program operations Min 100 70 ns tVHWH tVLWH tWW(4) Write Protection time Min 100 100 ns Read Enable High Hold time Read enable access time Read ES Access time(2) Read Busy time 1. The time to ready depends on the value of the pull-up resistor tied to the ready/busy pin. See Figure 40, Figure 41 and Figure 42. 53/69 DC and AC parameters NAND02G-B2D 2. ES = electronic signature. 3. tADL is the time from W rising edge during the final address cycle to W rising edge during the first data cycle. 4. During a program/erase enable operation, tWW is the delay from WP high to W High. During a program/erase disable operation, tWW is the delay from WP Low to W High. Figure 24. Command latch AC waveforms CL tWHCLL tCLHWH (CL Setup time) (CL Hold time) tWHEH tELWH (E Hold time) H(E Setup time) E tWLWH W tALLWH tWHALH (ALSetup time) (AL Hold time) AL tDVWH tWHDX (Data Setup time) I/O (Data Hold time) Command ai12470b 54/69 NAND02G-B2D DC and AC parameters Figure 25. Address latch AC waveforms tCLLWH (CL Setup time) CL tWLWL tWLWL tELWH tWLWL tWLWL (E Setup time) E tWLWH tWLWH tWLWH tWLWH tWLWH W tWHWL tWHWL tWHWL tWHWL tALHWH (AL Setup time) tWHALL tWHALL tWHALL tWHALL (AL Hold time) AL tDVWH tDVWH (Data Setup time) tDVWH tDVWH tWHDX tWHDX tDVWH tWHDX tWHDX tWHDX (Data Hold time) Adrress cycle 3 Adrress cycle 2 Adrress cycle 1 I/O Adrress cycle 4 Adrress cycle 5 ai12471 Figure 26. Data input latch AC waveforms tWHCLH (CL Hold time) CL tWHEH (E Hold time) E tALLWH (ALSetup time) tWLWL AL tWLWH tWLWH tWLWH W tDVWH tDVWH tDVWH (Data Setup time) tWHDX tWHDX tWHDX (Data Hold time) I/O Data In 0 Data In 1 Data In Last ai12472 1. The last data input is the 2112th. 55/69 DC and AC parameters NAND02G-B2D Figure 27. Sequential data output after read AC waveforms tRLRL (Read Cycle time) E tEHQX tEHQZ tRHRL (R High Holdtime) R tRHQZ tRLQV tRHQZ tRLQV tRHQX(2) tRLQV (R Accesstime) I/O Data Out Data Out Data Out tBHRL RB ai13174 1. CL = Low, AL = Low, W = High. 2. tRHQX is applicable for frequencies lower than 33 MHz (for instance, tRLRL higher than 30 ns). Figure 28. Sequential data output after read AC waveforms (EDO mode) tRLRL E tEHQX tRLRH tEHQZ tRHRL R tELQV tRHQZ tRLQX tRLQV tRHQX(2) tRLQV (R Accesstime) I/O Data Out Data Out Data Out tBHRL RB ai13175 1. In EDO mode, CL and AL are Low, VIL, and W is High, VIH. 2. tRLQX is applicable for frequencies high than 33 MHz (for instance, tRLRL lower than 30 ns). 56/69 NAND02G-B2D DC and AC parameters Figure 29. Read Status register or read EDC Status register AC waveform tCLLRL CL tWHCLL tCLHWH tWHEH E tELWH tWLWH W tELQV tWHRL tEHQZ tEHQX R tDZRL tDVWH tWHDX tRLQV tRHQX (Data Hold time) (Data Setup time) I/O tRHQZ Status Register Output 70h or 7Bh ai13177 Figure 30. Read status enhanced waveform CL tWHRL W tALLRL2 AL R I/O 0-7 78h Address 1 Address 2 Address 3 Status Register output ai14408b 57/69 DC and AC parameters NAND02G-B2D Figure 31. Read electronic signature AC waveform CL E W AL tALLRL1 R tRLQV (Read ES Access time) 90h I/O Read Electronic Signature Command 00h Byte1 Byte2 1st Cycle Address Man. code Device code Byte3 Byte4 Byte5 see Note.1 ai13178 1. Refer to Table 14 for the values of the manufacturer and device codes, and to Table 15, Table 16, and Table 17 for the information contained in byte 3, byte 4, and byte 5. Figure 32. Read ONFI signature waveform CL E W AL tALLRL1 R tRLQV (Read ES access time) I/O 90h Read Electronic Signature command 20h 4Fh 4Eh 46h 49h XXh 1st cycle address ai13178b 58/69 NAND02G-B2D DC and AC parameters Figure 33. Page read operation AC waveform tEHALX tEHCLX CL E tWLWL tEHQZ W tWHBL AL tALLRL2 tWHBH tRLRL tRHQZ (Read Cycle time) R tRLRH tBLBH1 RB I/O 00h Add.N cycle 1 Command Code Add.N cycle 2 Add.N cycle 3 Address N Input Add.N cycle 4 Add.N cycle 5 Data N 30h Busy Data N+1 Data N+2 Data Last Data Output from Address N to Last Byte or Word in Page ai12474b 59/69 DC and AC parameters NAND02G-B2D Figure 34. Page program AC waveform CL E tWLWL tWLWL tWLWL (Write Cycle time) W tWHWH tWHBL tBLBH2 tWHRL (Program Busy time) AL R I/O 80h Add.N cycle 1 Add.N Add.N Add.N Add.N cycle 2 cycle 3 cycle 4 cycle 5 N Last 10h 70h SR0 RB Page Program Setup Code Address Input Data Input Confirm Code Page Program Read Status Register ai12475b 60/69 NAND02G-B2D DC and AC parameters Figure 35. Block erase AC waveform CL E tWLWL (Write Cycle time) W tBLBH3 tWHBL (Erase Busy time) tWHRL AL R I/O 60h Add. Add. Add. cycle 1 cycle 2 cycle 3 70h D0h SR0 RB Block Erase Setup Command Block Address Input Confirm Code Block Erase Read Status Register ai08038c Figure 36. Reset AC waveform W AL CL R I/O FFh tBLBH4 (Reset Busy time) RB ai08043 61/69 DC and AC parameters NAND02G-B2D Figure 37. Program/erase enable waveform W W tVHWH tVHWH WP WP RB RB I/O 80h I/O 60h Program setup Erase setup ai12477b Figure 38. Program/erase disable waveform W W tVLWH tVLWH WP WP High High RB RB I/O I/O 80h 60h Program disable Erase disable ai12478b Figure 39. Read parameter page waveform CL W AL R I/O0-7 R/B ECh P00 00h P10 ... P01 P11 ... tBLBH1 ai14409 62/69 NAND02G-B2D 11.1 DC and AC parameters Ready/busy signal electrical characteristics Figure 41, Figure 40 and Figure 42 show the electrical characteristics for the ready/busy signal. The value required for the resistor RP can be calculated using the following equation: (V – ) DDmax V OLmax R P min = ------------------------------------------------------------I OL + I L This is an example for 3 V devices: 3.2V R P min = -------------------------8mA + I L where IL is the sum of the input currents of all the devices tied to the ready/busy signal. RP max is determined by the maximum value of tr. Figure 40. Ready/busy AC waveform ready VDD VOH VOL busy tr tf AI07564B Figure 41. Ready/busy load circuit VDD RP ibusy DEVICE RB Open Drain Output VSS AI07563B 63/69 DC and AC parameters NAND02G-B2D Figure 42. Resistor value versus waveform timings for ready/busy signal VDD = 3.3 V, CL = 100 pF VDD = 1.8 V, CL = 30 pF 400 400 4 4 400 0.85 30 1 200 2 200 1.2 100 1 0.8 1 3.6 3.6 100 0.6 0.43 1.7 2 3 ibusy (mA) 2.4 0.57 60 1.7 1.7 3 300 120 90 100 tr, tf (ns) 2 1.7 ibusy (mA) tr, tf (ns) 200 0 300 3 300 1.7 0 3.6 3.6 1 4 2 3 4 RP (KΩ) RP (KΩ) tf tr ibusy ai13640b 1. T = 25 °C. 11.2 Data protection The Numonyx NAND devices are designed to guarantee data protection during power transitions. A VDD detection circuit disables all NAND operations, if VDD is below the VLKO threshold. In the VDD range from VLKO to the lower limit of nominal range, the WP pin should be kept low (VIL) to guarantee hardware protection during power transitions as shown in the below figure. Figure 43. Data protection VDD Nominal range VLKO Locked Locked W Ai11086 64/69 NAND02G-B2D 12 Package mechanical Package mechanical In order to meet environmental requirements, Numonyx offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. ECOPACK® packages are lead-free. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. Figure 44. TSOP48 - 48 lead plastic thin small outline, 12 x 20 mm, package outline 1 48 e D1 B 24 L1 25 A2 E1 E A A1 DIE α L C CP TSOP-G 1. Drawing is not to scale. Table 29. TSOP48 - 48 lead plastic thin small outline, 12 x 20 mm, package mechanical data millimeters inches Symbol Typ Min A Max Typ Min 1.20 Max 0.047 A1 0.10 0.05 0.15 0.004 0.002 0.006 A2 1.00 0.95 1.05 0.039 0.037 0.041 B 0.22 0.17 0.27 0.009 0.007 0.011 0.10 0.21 0.004 0.008 C CP 0.08 0.003 D1 12.00 11.90 12.10 0.472 0.468 0.476 E 20.00 19.80 20.20 0.787 0.779 0.795 E1 18.40 18.30 18.50 0.724 0.720 0.728 e 0.50 – – 0.020 – L 0.60 0.50 0.70 0.024 0.020 0.028 L1 0.80 a 3° 0° 5° 0.031 0° 5° 3° 65/69 Package mechanical NAND02G-B2D Figure 45. VFBGA63 9.5 x 12 mm - 6 x 8 active ball array, 0.80 mm pitch, package outline D D2 D1 FD1 SD FD e e E E2 SE E1 ddd FE1 BALL "A1" FE e b A A2 A1 BGA-Z67 1. Drawing is not to scale Table 30. VFBGA63 9.5 x 12 mm - 6 x 8 active ball array, 0.80 mm pitch, package mechanical data Millimeters Inches Symbol Typ Min A Typ Min 1.05 A1 Max 0.041 0.25 A2 0.010 0.70 0.028 b 0.45 0.40 0.50 0.018 0.016 0.020 D 9.50 9.40 9.60 0.374 0.370 0.378 D1 4.00 D2 7.20 0.157 0.283 ddd 66/69 Max 0.10 E 12.00 E1 5.60 11.90 12.10 0.004 0.472 0.468 0.476 – – 0.220 E2 8.80 e 0.80 0.346 FD 2.75 0.108 FD1 1.15 0.045 – – 0.031 FE 3.20 0.126 FE1 1.60 0.063 SD 0.40 0.016 SE 0.40 0.016 NAND02G-B2D 13 Ordering information Ordering information Table 31. Ordering information scheme Example: NAND02GW3B2D N 6 E Device type NAND flash memory Density 02 G = 2 Gb Operating voltage W = VDD = 2.7 to 3.6 V R = VDD = 1.7 to 1.95 V Bus width 3 = x8 4 = x16(1) Family identifier B = 2112-byte page Device options 2 = Chip Enable ‘don't care’ enabled Product version D = Fourth version Package N = TSOP48 12 x 20 mm ZA = VFBGA63 9.5 x 12 x 1 mm, 0.8 mm pitch Temperature range 6 = –40 to 85 °C Option E = ECOPACK package, standard packing F = ECOPACK package, tape and reel packing 1. x16 organization only available for MCP products. Note: Devices are shipped from the factory with the memory content bits, in valid blocks, erased to ’1’. For further information on any aspect of this device, please contact your nearest Numonyx sales office. 67/69 Revision history 14 NAND02G-B2D Revision history Table 32. 68/69 Document revision history Date Revision Changes 07-Sep-2007 1 Initial release. 13-Feb-2008 2 Document status promoted from target specification to preliminary data. Modified: Figure 12: Multiplane page program waveform, Figure 16: Multiplane copy back program, Figure 18: Multiplane block erase, Figure 30: Read status enhanced waveform, Figure 37: Program/erase enable waveform, Figure 38: Program/erase disable waveform, Figure 42: Resistor value versus waveform timings for ready/busy signal, Section 6.4: Multiplane page program, Section 8.5: Error correction code, Table 8: Address definition (x 16 devices), Table 21: Program erase times and program erase endurance cycles, Table 23: Operating and AC measurement conditions. Minor text changes. 03-Apr-2008 3 Applied Numonyx branding. NAND02G-B2D Please Read Carefully: INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NUMONYX™ PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN NUMONYX'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, NUMONYX ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND NUMONYX DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF NUMONYX PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. Numonyx products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, life sustaining, critical control or safety systems, or in nuclear facility applications. Numonyx may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Numonyx, B.V. may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights that relate to the presented subject matter. The furnishing of documents and other materials and information does not provide any license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any such patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined.” Numonyx reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. Contact your local Numonyx sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order. Copies of documents which have an order number and are referenced in this document, or other Numonyx literature may be obtained by visiting Numonyx's website at http://www.numonyx.com. Numonyx StrataFlash is a trademark or registered trademark of Numonyx or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 11/5/7, Numonyx, B.V., All Rights Reserved. 69/69