19-4251; Rev 3; 4/12 KIT ATION EVALU E L B AVAILA -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers The MAX9928/MAX9929 low-cost, uni-/bidirectional, high-side, current-sense amplifiers are ideal for monitoring battery charge and discharge currents in notebooks, cell phones, and other portable equipment. These devices feature a wide -0.1V to +28V input common-mode voltage range, low 20µA supply current with VOS less than 0.4mV, and a gain accuracy better than 1.0%. The input common-mode range is independent of the supply voltage, ensuring that the current-sense information remains accurate even when the measurement rail is shorted to ground. The MAX9928F features a current output with a transconductance ratio of 5µA/mV. An external resistor converts the output current to a voltage, allowing adjustable gain so that the input sense voltage can be matched to the maximum ADC input swing. The MAX9929F has a voltage output and integrates a 10kΩ output resistor for a fixed voltage gain of 50V/V. A digital SIGN output indicates direction of current flow, so the user can utilize the full ADC input range for measuring both charging and discharging currents. The MAX9928/MAX9929 are fully specified over the -40°C to +125°C automotive temperature range, and available in 6-bump UCSP™ (1mm x 1.5mm) and 8-pin µMAX® packages. The UCSP package is bump-to-bump compatible with the MAX4372_EBT. Features o Wide -0.1V to +28V Common-Mode Range, Independent of Supply Voltage o 2.5V to 5.5V Operating Supply Voltage o 20µA Quiescent Supply Current o 0.4mV (max) Input Offset Voltage o Gain Accuracy Better than 1% (max) o SIGN Output Indicates Current Polarity o Transconductance and Gain Versions Available 5µA/mV (MAX9928F) 50V/V (MAX9929F) o Pin Compatible with the MAX4372 in UCSP o Available in Ultra-Small, 3x2 UCSP (1mm x 1.5mm) and 8-Pin µMAX Packages Applications Monitoring Charge/Discharge Currents in Portable/Battery-Powered Systems Notebook Computers General-System/Board-Level Current Monitoring Smart-Battery Packs/Chargers Precision Current Sources UCSP is a trademark and µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Smart Cell Phones Super Capacitor Charge/Discharge Pin Configurations and Typical Operating Circuit appear at end of data sheet. Ordering Information PART OUTPUT TYPE GAIN PIN-PACKAGE MAX9928FAUA+ Current Gm = 5µA/mV 8 µMAX MAX9928FABT+T Current Gm = 5µA/mV 3x2 UCSP MAX9929FAUA+ Voltage AV = 50V/V 8 µMAX MAX9929FABT+T Voltage AV = 50V/V 3x2 UCSP TOP MARK — +AAF — +ADI Note: All devices are specified over the -40°C to +125°C operating temperature range. +Denotes a lead-free/RoHS-compliant package. T = Tape and reel. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX9928/MAX9929 General Description MAX9928/MAX9929 -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VCC, SIGN to GND ...................................................-0.3V to +6V RS+, RS- to GND....................................................-0.3V to +30V OUT to GND ...............................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Differential Input Voltage (VRS+ - VRS-) .............................. ±30V OUT, SIGN Short Circuit to VCC or GND ...................Continuous Current into Any Pin..........................................................±20mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 6-Bump 1mm x 1.5mm UCSP (derate 3.9mW/°C above +70°C) ............................308.3mW 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.8mW/°C above +70°C) .............388mW Operating Temperature Range ........................-40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature .....................................................+150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Soldering Temperature (reflow) .......................................+260°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VRS+ = -0.1V to +28V, VCC = 3.3V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, ROUT = 10kΩ for MAX9928F, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX ±0.1 ±0.4 UNITS AMPLIFIER DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VRS+ = 3.6V Input Offset Voltage (Note 2) VOS VRS+ = -0.1V Common-Mode Input Range VCMR TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C TA = +25°C ±0.6 TA = -40°C to +125°C (Note 3) 2V ≤ VRS+ ≤ 28V ±0.8 ±1.0 mV ±3.0 -0.1 TA = +25°C 93 TA = -40°C to +125°C 87 TA = +25°C 60 TA = -40°C to +125°C 54 +28 V 104 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR Full-Scale Sense Voltage (Note 2) VSENSE MAX992_F ±50 mV AV MAX9929F 50 V/V Gain (Note 2) -0.1V ≤ VRS+ ≤ +2V MAX9929F, VRS+ = 3.6V Gain Accuracy (Notes 2, 6) MAX9929F, VRS+ = -0.1V Transconductance (Note 2) GM Transconductance Accuracy (Note 2) Input Bias Current (Note 4) Input Offset Bias Current (Note 4) Input Leakage Current 2 IRS+, IRSIOS IRS+, IRS- TA = +25°C ±0.3 ±1.0 ±0.3 ±1.0 TA = -40°C to +125°C ±2.5 TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C MAX9928F, VRS+ = 3.6V MAX9928F, VRS+ = -0.1V TA = +25°C 5 ±0.3 ±0.3 TA = -40°C to +125°C 2V ≤ VRS+ ≤ 28V -0.1V ≤ VRS+ ≤ +2V % ±2.8 MAX9928F TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C dB 72 µA/mV ±1.0 ±2.5 ±1.0 % ±2.8 0 1.6 -80 6 +6 2V ≤ VRS+ ≤ 28V ±0.05 ±1 -0.1V ≤ VRS+ ≤ +2V ±0.2 ±2 VCC = 0V, VRS+ = VRS- = 28V (Note 5) 0.05 1.0 _______________________________________________________________________________________ µA µA µA -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers (VRS+ = -0.1V to +28V, VCC = 3.3V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, ROUT = 10kΩ for MAX9928F, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Output Resistance SYMBOL ROUT Output High Voltage (Note 6) CONDITIONS MIN MAX9928F TYP MAX 5 MAX9929F 6.4 UNITS MΩ 10 13.6 MAX9928F, ROUT = 10kΩ (VCC 0.1) (VCC 0.45) MAX9929F (VCC 0.1) (VCC 0.45) TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C 0.25 2.0 15 TA = +25°C 0.025 0.2 kΩ V VOH Minimum Output Voltage (Note 7) VOL MAX9929F Minimum Output Current (Note 7) IOL MAX9928F TA = -40°C to +125°C 1.5 mV µA SIGN COMPARATOR DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Discharge to Charge Trip Point (Note 8) VRS+ = 3.6V VTDC VRS+ = -0.1V Charge to Discharge Trip Point (Note 8) VTCD Hysteresis Width VHYS Common-Mode Input Range (Note 9) VCMR Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (Note 9) CMRR Output Low Voltage VOL Output High Voltage Internal Pullup Resistor VRS+ = 3.6V VRS+ = -0.1V VRS+ = 3.6V, -0.1V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C -1.6 -2.15 -1.2 -0.5 -0.15 TA = +25°C -2.5 -1.2 +0.25 TA = -40°C to +125°C -4.6 mV +2.3 TA = +25°C TA = +25°C -1.8 -1.8 mV TA = +25°C 0.6 mV -0.1 +28 2V ≤ VRS+ ≤ 28V 102 -0.1V ≤ VRS+ ≤ +2V 74 ISINK = 100µA V dB 0.03 0.1 V VOH (VCC 0.01) (VCC 0.04) V RPULL-UP 1 MΩ POWER SUPPLY Supply Voltage Range (Note 10) VCC Amplifier Power-Supply Rejection Ratio (Note 10) PSRRA Comparator Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRRC Quiescent Supply Current ICC TA = +25°C 2.5 5.5 TA = -40°C to +125°C 2.8 5.5 VRS+ = 3.6V 72 90 VRS+ = -0.1V 66 86 VRS+ = 3.6V 90 VRS+ = -0.1V 86 V dB dB 2V ≤ VRS+ ≤ 28V 20 30 -0.1V ≤ VRS+ < +2V 115 200 µA _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX9928/MAX9929 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX9928/MAX9929 -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VRS+ = -0.1V to +28V, VCC = 3.3V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, ROUT = 10kΩ for MAX9928F, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS -3dB Bandwidth BW MAX992_F, VSENSE = 50mV MAX992_F, VSENSE = 5mV to 50mV step OUT Settling to 1% of Final Value tSET VRS+ = 3.6V, CLOAD = 10pF, ROUT = 10kΩ for MAX992_F, VSENSE = MAX9928F 50mV to 5mV step 150 kHz 6 µs 15 Overdrive = 1mV 80 Overdrive = 5mV 30 Overdrive = 1mV 50 Overdrive = 5mV 13 Power-Up Time to 1% of Final Value VSENSE = 50mV for MAX992_F, VRS+ = 3.6V, CLOAD = 10pF 50 µs Saturation Recovery Time 100mV ≤ VSENSE ≤ 50mV for MAX992_F, VRS+ = 3.6V, CLOAD = 10pF 4 ms SIGN Comparator Propagation Delay (Low to High) tPROP_LH SIGN Comparator Propagation Delay (High to Low) tPROP_HL µs µs Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 2: VOS is extrapolated from two point transconductance and gain accuracy tests. Measurements are made at VSENSE = +5mV and VSENSE = +50mV for MAX992_F. These measurements are also used to test the full-scale sense voltage, transconductance, and gain. These VOS specifications are for the trimmed direction only (VRS+ > VRS-). For current flowing in the opposite direction (VRS- > VRS+), VOS is ±1mV (max) at +25°C and ±1.8mV (max) over temperature, when VRS+ is at 3.6V. See the Detailed Description for more information. Note 3: Guaranteed by common-mode rejection ratio. Extrapolated VOS as described in Note 2 is used to calculate common-mode rejection ratio. Note 4: Includes input bias current of SIGN comparator. Note 5: Leakage in to RS+ or RS- when VCC = 0V. Includes input leakage current of SIGN comparator. This specification does not add to the bias current. Note 6: Output voltage should be 650mV below VCC to achieve full accuracy. Note 7: IOL is the minimum output current in the VSENSE - IOUT transfer characteristics. VOL is the minimum output voltage in the VSENSE - VOUT transfer characteristic. Note 8: VSENSE voltage required to switch comparator. Note 9: Discharge to charge trip point is functionally tested at VCM = -0.1V, +3.6V, and +28V. Note 10: Guaranteed by PSRR test. Extrapolated VOS as described in Note 2 is used to calculate the power-supply rejection ratio. VSENSE has to be such that the output voltage is 650mV below VCC to achieve full accuracy. 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers 20 FREQUENCY (%) 25 20 15 1.5 OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) 25 15 10 MAX9928 toc03 AV = 50V/V 30 2.0 MAX9928 toc02 AV = 50V/V 35 FREQUENCY (%) 30 MAX9928 toc01 45 40 OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE GAIN ACCURACY HISTOGRAM VOS HISTOGRAM 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 10 5 5 0 -1.5 -2.0 0 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 -1 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 GAIN ACCURACY (%) 0 1 2 28 3 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) VOS (mV) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE VSENSE = 0V 125 SUPPLY CURRENT (μA) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 VRS+ = 0V 100 75 50 150 120 VRS+ = 3.6V -0.6 90 VCC = 5.5V 60 VCC = 2.5V 30 25 -0.8 -1.0 0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 0 2.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.5 5.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 28 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE VRS+ = 0V 100 75 50 VRS+ = 3.6V 25 10 MAX9928 toc08 VSENSE = 0V 0 INPUT BIAS CURRENT (μA) MAX9928 toc07 150 125 -0.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT (μA) OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) 150 SUPPLY CURRENT (μA) VCM = 3.6V MAX9928 toc05 0.8 MAX9928 toc04 1.0 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE MAX9928 toc06 OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 -2 -0.10 2 4 6 8 10 28 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX9928/MAX9929 Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 3.3V, VRS+ = 12V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3.3V, VRS+ = 12V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) TA = -40°C 6 2000 3.4 MAX9928 toc10 VOUT = 0V MAX9928 toc09 2500 MAX9929F VOUT vs. VSENSE MAX9929F VOUT vs. VSENSE 5 TA = -40°C 3.2 3.0 TA = +125°C VOUT (V) 1500 VOUT (V) 3 VCC = 3.3V 1000 2 VCC = 2.7V TA = +25°C 2.8 TA = +125°C 2.6 2.4 VCC = 2.5V 500 1 0 2.2 2.0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 VSENSE (V) VSENSE (mV) GAIN ACCURACY vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE MINIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY MAX992_F MAX9928 toc16 VCM = 3.6V 90 CMRR (dB) 32 GAIN (dB) CMRR vs. FREQUENCY 120 MAX9928 toc15 35 29 26 60 30 23 20 0.01 0 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 6 100 1000 90 0.4 0 4.0 80 0.6 -1.0 3.5 70 0.8 3.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 60 GAIN ACCURACY vs. TEMPERATURE 0.5 3.0 50 1.0 -0.8 2.5 40 VSENSE (mV) GAIN ACCURACY (%) 0.8 30 140 MAX9928 toc13 MAX9928 toc12 1.0 MINIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV) 0 MAX9928 toc14 IOUT (μA) VCC = 5.5V 4 TA = +25°C MAX9928 toc11 MAX9928F IOUT vs. VSENSE GAIN ACCURANCY (%) MAX9928/MAX9929 -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 100k 1M -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9929F LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE PSRR vs. FREQUENCY 0 VSENSE -20 PSRR (dB) MAX9928 toc18 MAX9928 toc17 20 50mV/div -40 -60 -80 VOUT 1V/div -100 -120 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 100μs/div FREQUENCY (Hz) VSIGN AND VOUT vs. VSENSE OVERDRIVE RECOVERY MAX9928 toc20 MAX9928 toc19 VSIGN (V) 4 3 2 VSENSE 100mV/div 1 VOUT (mV) 0 150 VOUT 500mV/div 100 50 0 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 400μs/div VSENSE (mV) COMPARATOR PROPAGATION DELAY (RS+ = 3.6V, 5mV OVERDRIVE) POWER-UP DELAY MAX9928 toc22 MAX9928 toc21 VCC 1V/div VSENSE 2mV/div VOUT 1V/div VOUT 1V/div 40μs/div 40μs/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX9928/MAX9929 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3.3V, VRS+ = 12V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9928/MAX9929 Pin/Bump Description PIN BUMP µMAX UCSP 1 B3 RS- 2 B2 SIGN NAME FUNCTION Negative Current-Sense Input. Load-side connection for the external sense resistor. SIGN Output. Indicates polarity of VSENSE. SIGN = H indicates VRS+ > VRSSIGN = L indicates VRS+ < VRS- 3 B1 RS+ Positive Current-Sense Input. Power-side connection to the external sense resistor. 4, 5 — N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. 6 A1 VCC Supply Voltage Input. Bypass to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor. 7 A2 GND Circuit Ground 8 A3 OUT Current-Sense Output. MAX9928: Current output (IOUT is proportional to |VSENSE|). MAX9929: Voltage output (VOUT is proportional to |VSENSE|). Detailed Description The MAX9928F/MAX9929F micropower uni-/bidirectional, current-sense amplifiers feature -0.1V to +28V input common-mode range that is independent of the supply voltage. This wide input voltage range feature allows the monitoring of the current flow out of a power supply during short-circuit/fault conditions, and also enables highside current sensing at voltages far in excess of the supply voltage (VCC). The MAX9928F/MAX9929F operate from a 2.5V to 5.5V single supply and draw a low 20µA quiescent supply current. Current flows through the sense resistor, generating a sense voltage VSENSE (Figure 1). The comparator senses the direction of the sense voltage and configures the amplifier for either positive or negative sense voltages by controlling the S1 and S2 switches. For positive VSENSE voltage, the amplifier’s inverting input is high impedance and equals VIN - VSENSE. The amplifier’s output drives the base of Q1, forcing its noninverting input terminal to (VIN - VSENSE); this causes a current to flow through R G1 equal to |V SENSE |/R G1 . Transistor Q2 and the current mirror amplify the current by a factor of M. For negative VSENSE voltage, the amplifier’s noninverting input is high impedance and the voltage on RS- terminal equals V IN + V SENSE. The amplifier’s output drives the base of Q1 forcing its inverting input terminal to match the voltage at the noninverting input terminal; this causes a current to flow through R G2 equal to |VSENSE|/RG2. Again, transistor Q2 and the current mirror amplify the current by a factor of M. 8 +VSENSE vs. -VSENSE The amplifier is configured for either positive VSENSE or negative VSENSE by the SIGN comparator. The comparator has a built-in offset skew of -1.2mV so that random offsets in the comparator do not affect the precision of I OUT (V OUT) with positive V SENSE. The comparator has a small amount of hysteresis (typically 0.6mV) to prevent its output from oscillating at the crossover sense voltage. The ideal transfer characteristic of IOUT (VOUT) and the output of the comparator (SIGN) is shown in Figure 2. The amplifier VOS is only trimmed for the positive VSENSE voltages (VRS+ > VRS-). The SIGN comparator reconfigures the internal structure of the amplifier to work with negative VSENSE voltages (VRS- > VRS+) and the precision VOS trim is no longer effective and the resulting VOS is slightly impacted. See details in the Electrical Characteristics Note 2. The user can choose the direction that needs the best precision to be the direction where VRS+ > VRS-. For example, when monitoring Li+ battery currents, the discharge current should be VRS+ > VRS- to give the best accuracy over the largest dynamic range. When the battery charger is plugged in, the charge current flows in the opposite direction and is usually much larger, and a higher VOS error can be tolerated. See the Typical Operating Circuit. For applications with unidirectional currents (e.g., battery discharge only), the SIGN output can be ignored. Note that as VSENSE increases, the output current (IOUT for the MAX9928 or VOUT/10kΩ for the MAX9929) also increases. This additional current is supplied from VCC. _______________________________________________________________________________________ -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9928/MAX9929 VCC 2.5V TO 5.5V VCC RC1 80kΩ MAX9928F MAX9929F RC2 80kΩ 1MΩ SIGN C TO μC CURRENT MIRROR VIN -0.1V TO +28V (VBATT) RS+ VSENSE RSENSE + S2 RG1 80kΩ RG2 80kΩ RS- A S1 OUT Q2 TO ADC 10kΩ* Q1 TO LOAD/CHARGER GND *INTERNAL 10kΩ RESISTOR FOR MAX9929_ ONLY. Figure 1. Functional Diagram For both positive and negative VSENSE voltages, the current flowing out of the current mirror is equal to: IOUT = M x |VSENSE|/RG1 SIGN For the MAX9928F, the transconductance of the device is trimmed so that IOUT/|VSENSE| = 5µA/mV. For the MAX9929F, the voltage gain of the device is trimmed so that VOUT/|VSENSE| = 50V/V. The SIGN output from the comparator indicates the polarity of VSENSE. -1.8 -1.2 0 VSENSE (mV) -3.0 -1.8 -1.2 0 VSENSE (mV) 1.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 IOUT (VOUT) -3.0 ( ) FOR THE MAX9929F. Figure 2. Ideal Transfer Characteristics with 0mV Amplifier Input Offset Voltage and -1mV Comparator Input Offset Voltage Current Output (MAX9928F) The output voltage equation for the MAX9928_ is given below: VOUT = (RSENSE x ILOAD) x (Gm X ROUT) where VOUT = the desired full-scale output voltage, ILOAD = the full-scale current being sensed, RSENSE = the current-sense resistor, ROUT = the voltage-setting resistor, and G m = MAX9928F transconductance (5µA/mV). The full-scale output voltage range can be set by changing the ROUT resistor value. The above equation can be modified to determine the ROUT required for a particular full-scale range: ROUT = (VOUT)/(ILOAD x RSENSE x Gm) OUT is a high-impedance current source and can drive an unlimited amount of capacitance. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX9928/MAX9929 -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Voltage Output (MAX9929F) The output voltage equation for the MAX9929_ is given below: VOUT = (RSENSE x ILOAD) x (AV) where VOUT = the desired full-scale output voltage, ILOAD = the full-scale current being sensed, RSENSE = the current-sense resistor, A V = MAX9929F voltage gain (50V/V). SIGN Output The current/voltage at OUT indicates magnitude. The SIGN output indicates the current’s direction. The SIGN comparator compares RS+ to RS-. The sign output is high when RS+ is greater than RS- indicating positive current flow. The sign output is low when RS- is greater than RS+ indicating negative current flow. In batteryoperated systems, this is useful for determining whether the battery is charging or discharging. The SIGN output might not correctly indicate the direction of load current when VSENSE is between -1.8mV to -1.2mV (see Figure 2). Comparator hysteresis of 0.6mV prevents oscillation of SIGN output. If current direction is not needed, leave SIGN unconnected. Applications Information Choosing RSENSE The MAX9928F/MAX9929F operate over a wide variety of current ranges with different sense resistors. Adjust the RSENSE value to monitor higher or lower current levels. Select RSENSE using these guidelines: • Voltage Loss: A high R SENSE value causes the power-source voltage to drop due to IR loss. For least voltage loss, use the lowest RSENSE value. • Accuracy: A high RSENSE value allows lower currents to be measured more accurately. This is because offsets become less significant when the sense voltage is larger. tor value and power dissipation (wattage) rating. Also, if the sense resistor is allowed to heat up excessively, its value could drift. • Inductance: If there is a large high-frequency component to ISENSE, keep inductance low. Wire-wound resistors have the highest inductance, while metal film is somewhat better. Low-inductance metal-film resistors are available. Instead of being spiral wrapped around a core, as in metal film or wirewound resistors, these are a straight band of metal. They are made in values under 1Ω. Use in Systems with Super Capacitors Since the input common-mode voltage range of the MAX9928/MAX9929 extends all the way from -0.1V to 28V, they are ideal to use in applications that require use of super capacitors for temporary or emergency energy storage systems. Some modern industrial and automotive systems use multifarad (1F–50F) capacitor banks to supply enough energy to keep critical systems alive even if the primary power source is removed or temporarily disabled. Unlike batteries, these capacitors can discharge all the way down to 0V. The MAX9928/MAX9929 can continuously help monitor their health and state of charge/discharge. UCSP Applications Information For the latest application details on UCSP construction, dimensions, tape carrier information, PCB techniques, bump-pad layout, and recommended reflow temperature profile, as well as the latest information on reliability testing results, go to Maxim’s website at www.maximic.com/ucsp to find Application Note 1891: Understanding the Basics of the Wafer-Level ChipScale Package (WL-CSP). Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS • Efficiency and Power Dissipation: At high current levels, the I2R losses in RSENSE might be significant. Take this into consideration when choosing the resis- 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers TOP VIEW (BUMPS ON THE BOTTOM) TOP VIEW RS- 1 SIGN 2 RS+ 3 N.C. 4 + 8 OUT 7 GND 6 VCC 5 N.C. A MAX9928F MAX9929F 1 2 3 VCC GND OUT MAX9928F MAX9929F μMAX B RS+ SIGN RS- UCSP (1mm x 1.5mm) Typical Operating Circuit WALL-CUBE CHARGER RSENSE VIN -0.1V TO +28V RS+ 2.5V TO 5.5V LOAD RS- μC MAX9928F MAX9929F SIGN VCC DIGITAL INPUT 0.1μF ADC OUT GND ROUT* GND *FOR THE MAX9928F ONLY ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX9928/MAX9929 Pin Configurations MAX9928/MAX9929 -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 8 µMAX U8+1 21-0036 90-0092 6 UCSP B6+1 21-0097 — α α 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX9928/MAX9929 Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. MAX9928/MAX9929 -0.1V to +28V Input Range, Micropower, Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Revision History PAGES CHANGED REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 12/08 Initial release 1 8/09 Removed MAX9928T and MAX9929T from data sheet 2 4/11 Updated top marks 1 3 4/12 Removed the R61A1+1 package code note and references 1 DESCRIPTION — 1–5, 7–12 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. 14 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2012 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.