ONSEMI ADP3415LRM-REEL

Dual MOSFET Driver
with Bootstrapping
ADP3415
FEATURES
All-in-One Synchronous Buck Driver
One PWM Signal Generates Both Drives
Anticross Conduction Protection Circuitry
Programmable Transition Delay
Zero-Crossing Synchronous Drive Control
Synchronous Override Control
Undervoltage Lockout
Shutdown Quiescent Current <100 mA
APPLICATIONS
Mobile Computing CPU Core Power Converters
Multiphase Desktop CPU Supplies
Single-Supply Synchronous Buck Converters
Standard-to-Synchronous Converter Adaptations
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
ADP3415
UVLO
VCC
BST
DRVH
IN
SD
SW
OVERLAP
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT
DLY
VCC
DRVL
DRVLSD
GND
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADP3415 is a dual MOSFET driver optimized for driving
two N-channel FETs that are the two switches in the nonisolated
synchronous buck power converter topology. Each driver size is
optimized for performance in notebook PC regulators for CPUs
in the 20 A range. The high-side driver can be bootstrapped atop
the switched node of the buck converter as needed to drive the
upper switch and is designed to accommodate the high voltage
slew rate associated with high performance, high frequency
switching. The ADP3415 features an overlapping protection
circuit (OPC); undervoltage lockout (UVLO) that holds the
switches off until the driver is assured of having sufficient voltage
for proper operation; a programmable transition delay; and a
synchronous drive disable pin. The quiescent current, when the
device is disabled, is less than 100 µA.
The ADP3415 is specified over the extended commercial
temperature range of 0°C to 100°C and is available in a 10-lead
MSOP package.
©2010 SCILLC. All rights reserved.
May 2010 - Rev. 6
5V
FROM DUTY RATIO
MODULATOR
IN
FROM SYSTEM
ENABLE CONTROL
SD
VCC
VDCIN
BST
DRVH
VOUT
ADP3415
FROM SYSTEM
STATE LOGIC
DRVLSD
DLY
SW
DRVL
GND
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit
Publication Order Number:
ADP3415/D
ADP3415–SPECIFICATIONS1
(TA = 08C to 1008C, VCC = 5 V, VBST – VSW = 5 V, SD = 5 V, CDRVH = CDRVL = 3 nF,
unless otherwise noted.)
Parameter
Conditions
SUPPLY (VCC)
Quiescent Current2
Shutdown Mode
Operating Mode
Symbol
Min
VSD = 0.8 V
VSD = 5 V, No Switching
VCCUVLO
VCCHUVLO
3.9
LOW-SIDE DRIVER SHUTDOWN
(DRVLSD)
Input Voltage High3
Input Voltage Low3
Propagation Delay3, 4
(See Figure 3)
VIH
VIL
tpdlDRVLSD
tpdhDRVLSD
2.0
SHUTDOWN (SD)
Input Voltage High3
Input Voltage Low3
VIH
VIL
2.0
INPUT (IN)
Input Voltage High3
Input Voltage Low3
VIH
VIL
2.0
THERMAL SHUTDOWN (THSD)
THSD Threshold
THSD Hysteresis
TSD
THSD
(See Figure 4)
LOW-SIDE DRIVER (DRVL)
Output Resistance, DRVL–VCC
Output Resistance, DRVL–GND
DRVL Transition Times4
(See Figure 4)
DRVL Propagation Delay4, 5, 6
(See Figure 4)
SW Transition Timeout7
Zero-Crossing Threshold
Max
Unit
30
1.2
65
2
µA
mA
4.15
0.05
4.5
V
V
ICCQ
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT
(UVLO)
UVLO Threshold
UVLO Hysteresis
HIGH-SIDE DRIVER (DRVH)
Output Resistance, DRVH–BST
Output Resistance, DRVH–SW
DRVH Transition Times4
(See Figure 4)
DRVH Propagation Delay4, 5
Typ
trDRVH
tfDRVH
tpdhDRVH
20
10
TJ = TA
TJ = TA
165
10
VBST – VSW = 4.6 V
1.5
0.85
20
25
22
VBST – VSW = 4.6 V, VDLY = 0 V
RDLY ≥ 120 kΩ
10
100
tpdlDRVH
trDRVL
tfDRVL
tpdhDRVL
tpdlDRVL
tSWTO
VZC
40
VBST – VSW = 4.6 V
VBST – VSW = 4.6 V
VBST – VSW = 4.6 V
VBST – VSW = 4.6 V
VBST – VSW = 4.6 V
10
1.6
1.0
25
20
30
10
130
1.6
0.8
50
30
V
V
ns
ns
0.8
V
V
0.8
V
V
°C
°C
3.5
2.0
30
35
40
200
70
Ω
Ω
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
3.0
3.0
40
30
38
25
300
Ω
Ω
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
V
NOTES
1
All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
2
Including IBSTQ quiescent current.
3
The signal source driving the pin must have 70 µA (typ) pull-down strength to make a high-to-low transient, and 20 µA (typ) pull-up strength to make a low-to-high
transient. The pin does not represent load (<100 nA) in static low (<0.8 V) and static high (>2.0 V) logic states (see TPC 3.) The pin can be driven with standard
TTL logic level source.
4
Guaranteed by characterization.
5
For propagation delays, tpdh refers to the specified signal going high, tpdl refers to it going low.
6
Propagation delay measured until DRVL begins its transition.
7
The turn-on of DRVL is initiated after IN goes low by either V SW crossing a ~1.6 V threshold or by expiration of t SWTO.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Rev. 6 | Page 2 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
–2–
REV. B
ADP3415
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
PIN CONFIGURATION
VCC to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
BST to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +30 V
BST to SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
SW to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2.0 V to +25 V
SD, IN, DRVLSD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7.3 V
Operating Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . 0°C to 100°C
Operating Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . 0°C to 125°C
uJA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155°C/W
uJC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40°C/W
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C
10 BST
IN 1
SD 2
ADP3415
9 DRVH
TOP VIEW
DRVLSD 3 (Not to Scale) 8 SW
DLY 4
7
GND
VCC 5
6
DRVL
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute maximum
ratings apply individually only, not in combination. Unless otherwise specified, all
other voltages are referenced to GND.
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin No.
Mnemonic
Function
1
IN
TTL-Level Input Signal. Has primary control of the drive outputs.
2
SD
Shutdown. When high, this pin enables normal operation. When low, DRVH and DRVL are forced low
and the supply current (ICCQ) is minimized as specified.
3
DRVLSD
Drive-Low Shutdown. When DRVLSD is low, DRVL is kept low. When DRVLSD is high, DRVL is
enabled and controlled by IN and by the adaptive OPC function.
4
DLY
High-Side Turn-On Delay. A resistor from this pin to ground programs an extended delay from turn-off
of the lower FET to turn-on of the upper FET.
5
VCC
Input Supply. This pin should be bypassed to GND with a ~10 µF ceramic capacitor.
6
DRVL
Synchronous Rectifier Drive. Output drive for the lower (synchronous rectifier) FET.
7
GND
Ground. Should be directly connected to the ground plane, close to the source of the lower FET.
8
SW
This pin should be connected to the buck switching node, close to the upper FET’s source. It is the
floating return for the upper FET drive signal. Also, it is used to monitor the switched voltage for the
OPC function.
9
DRVH
Buck Drive. Output drive for the upper (buck) FET.
10
BST
Floating Bootstrap Supply for the Upper FET. A capacitor connected between BST and SW pins holds
this bootstrapped supply voltage for the high-side FET driver as it is switched. The capacitor should be
an MLC type and should have substantially greater capacitance (e.g., ~ 20×) than the input capacitance
of the upper FET.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the
ADP3415 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices
subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended
to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
Rev. 6 | Page 3 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
ADP3415
VCC
VCC
UVLO
VTOK
VUVLOTH
BIAS
EN
SD
BIAS
THERM
SD
THSD
DBST
VDCIN
BST
IN
DRVH
TON
DLY
DLY
+
R CLR
Q
S
DRVH
CBST
Q1
SW
SET
RDLY
VCC
R
DRVL
TON
DLY
DRVL
Q
Q2
S
GND
ADP3415
DRVLSD
Figure 2. Functional Block Diagram
IN
DRVLSD
tpdlDRVLSD
tpdhDRVLSD
DRVL
Figure 3. DRVLSD Propagation Delay
Rev. 6 | Page 4 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
–4–
REV. B
ADP3415
IN
tpdl DRVL
DRVL
tpdl DRVH
tpdh DRVL
tf DRVL
tr DRVL
tpdh DRVH
DRVH-SW
tr DRVH
tf DRVH
Figure 4. Switching Timing Diagram (Propagation Delay Referenced to 50%, Rise and Fall Time to 10% and 90% Points)
IN
tSWTO
DRVL
CROWBAR
ACTION
SW
DRVH
Figure 5. Switching Waveforms–SW Node Failure Mode–DRVL Timeout
Rev. 6 | Page 5 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
ADP3415–Typical Performance Characteristics
37
VCC = 5V
CLOAD = 3nF
2V/DIV
35
DRVH
33
RISE TIME
TIME – ns
31
DRVL
29
27
IN
25
VCC = 5V
CLOAD = 3nF
VSW = 0V
20ns/DIV
FALL TIME
23
21
0
TIME – ns
25
50
75
100
125
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE – 8C
TPC 1. DRVH Fall and DRVL Rise Times
TPC 4. DRVL Rise and Fall Times vs. Temperature
30
VCC = 5V
CLOAD = 3nF
2V/DIV
28
DRVL
FALL TIME
TIME – ns
26
DRVH
24
22
RISE TIME
IN
20
VCC = 5V
CLOAD = 3nF
RDLY = 40kV
20ns/DIV
18
16
0
25
50
75
125
100
TIME – ns
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE – 8C
TPC 2. DRVL Fall and DRVH Rise Times
TPC 5. DRVH Rise and Fall Times vs. Temperature
100
70
80
60
70
50
60
HIGH-TO-LOW TRANSITION
TIME – ns
PEAK CURRENT – mA
VCC = 5V
TA = 258C
VCC = 5V
TA = 258C
CLOAD = 3nF
90
50
40
DRVL
40
30
30
DRVH
20
20
10
LOW-TO-HIGH TRANSITION
0
10
0
1
2
3
INPUT VOLTAGE – V
4
1
5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
LOAD CAPACITANCE – nF
TPC 3. Input Voltage vs. Input Current
TPC 6. DRVH and DRVL Rise Time vs. Load Capacitance
Rev. 6 | Page 6 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
–6–
REV. B
ADP3415
52
45
VCC = 5V
47 CLOAD = 3nF
tpdlDRVH
35
SUPPLY CURRENT – mA
42
37
32
TIME – ns
VCC = 5V
TA = 258C
CLOAD = 3nF
40
27
22
17
tpdlDRVL
12
30
25
20
15
10
5
7
0
200
2
0
25
50
75
100
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE – 8C
125
TPC 7. DRVH and DRVL Propagation Delay
vs. Temperature
400
600
800
IN FREQUENCY – kHz
1000
1200
TPC 10. Supply Current vs. Frequency
10.5
52
10.0
VCC = 5V
TA = 258C
47
SUPPLY CURRENT – mA
9.5
42
TIME – ns
37
DRVH
32
27
DRVL
22
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
17
VCC = 5V
fIN = 250kHz
CLOAD = 3nF
6.5
12
6.0
7
1
2
3
4
7
5
6
LOAD CAPACITANCE – nF
9
8
TPC 8. DRVH and DRVL Fall Time vs. Load Capacitance
182
0
10
142
OPEN DELAY PIN
TIME – ns
122
102
82
62
42
SHORTED TO GROUND
22
2
0
25
125
50
75
100
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE – 8C
TPC 9. tpdhDRVH vs. Temperature
Rev. 6 | Page 7 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
REV. B
50
75
100
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE – 8C
TPC 11. Supply Current vs. Temperature
VCC = 5V
fIN = 200kHz
CLOAD = 3nF
162
25
–7–
125
ADP3415
overlap protection circuit waits for the voltage at the SW pin to
fall from VDCIN to 1.6 V. Once the voltage on the SW pin has
fallen to 1.6 V, Q2 will begin to turn ON. By waiting for the
voltage on the SW pin to reach 1.6 V, the overlap protection
circuit ensures that Q1 is OFF before Q2 turns on, regardless of
variations in temperature, supply voltage, gate charge, and drive
current. There is, however, a timeout circuit that will override
the waiting period for the SW pin to reach 1.6 V. After the
timeout period has expired, DRVL will be asserted regardless of
the SW voltage.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADP3415 is a dual MOSFET driver optimized for driving
two N-channel FETs in a synchronous buck converter topology.
A single duty ratio modulation signal is all that is required to
command the proper drive signal for the high-side and the
low-side FETs.
A more detailed description of the ADP3415 and its features
follows. Refer to the Functional Block Diagram (Figure 2).
Drive State Input
The drive state input, IN, should be connected to the duty ratio
modulation signal of a switch-mode controller. IN can be driven
by 2.5 V to 5.0 V logic. The FETs will be driven so that the SW
node follows the polarity of IN.
To prevent the overlap of the gate drives during Q2’s turn OFF
and Q1’s turn ON, the overlap circuit provides a programmable
delay that is set by a resistor on the DLY pin. When IN goes
high, Q2 will begin to turn OFF (after a propagation delay), but
before Q1 can turn ON, the overlap protection circuit waits for
the voltage at DRVL to go low. Once the voltage at DRVL is
low, the overlap protection circuit initiates a delay timer that is
programmed by the external resistor RDLY. The delay resistor
adds an additional specified delay. The delay allows time for
current to commutate from the body diode of Q2 to an external
Schottky diode, which allows turn-off losses to be reduced.
Although not as foolproof as the adaptive delay, the programmable delay adds a safety margin to account for variations in size,
gate charge, and internal delay of the external power MOSFETs.
Low-Side Driver
The supply rails for the low-side driver, DRVL, are VCC and
GND. In its conventional application, it drives the gate of the
synchronous rectifier FET.
When the driver is enabled, the driver’s output is 180° out of
phase with the duty ratio input aside from overlap protection
circuit, propagation, and transition delays. When the driver is
shut down or the entire ADP3415 is in shutdown or in undervoltage lockout, the low-side gate is held low.
High-Side Driver
Low-Side Driver Shutdown
The supply rail for the high-side driver, DRVH, is between the
BST and SW pins and is created by an external bootstrap supply circuit. In its conventional application, it drives the gate of
the (top) main buck converter FET.
The low-side driver shutdown, DRVLSD, allows a control
signal to shut down the synchronous rectifier. This signal should
be modulated by system state logic to achieve maximum battery
life under light load conditions and maximum efficiency under
heavy load conditions. Under heavy load conditions, DRVLSD
should be high so that the synchronous switch is modulated for
maximum efficiency. Under light load conditions, DRVLSD
should be low to prevent needless switching losses due to charge
shuttling caused by polarity reversal of the inductor current
when the average current is low.
The bootstrap circuit comprises a Schottky diode, DBST, and
bootstrap capacitor, CBST. When the ADP3415 is starting up,
the SW pin is at ground, so the bootstrap capacitor will charge
up to VCC through DBST. As the supply voltage ramps up and
exceeds the UVLO threshold, the driver is enabled. When the
input pin, IN, goes high, the high-side driver will begin to turn
the high-side FET (Q1) ON by transferring charge from CBST to
the gate of the FET. As Q1 turns ON, the SW pin will rise up to
VDCIN, forcing the BST pin to VDCIN + VC(BST), which is enough
gate to source voltage to hold Q1 ON. To complete the cycle,
when IN goes low, Q1 is switched OFF as DRVH discharges
the gate to the voltage at the SW pin. When the low-side FET,
Q2, turns ON, the SW pin is held at ground. This allows the
bootstrap capacitor to charge up to VCC again.
When the DRVLSD input is low, the low-side driver stays low.
When the DRVLSD input is high, the low-side driver is enabled
and controlled by the driver signals as previously described.
Low-Side Driver Timeout Circuit
In normal operation, the DRVH signal tracks the IN signal
and turns OFF the Q1 high-side switch with a few tens of ns
tpdlDRVH delay following the falling edge of the input signal.
When Q1 is turned OFF, then DRVL is allowed to go high,
Q2 to turn ON, and the SW node voltage to collapse to zero.
But in a faulty scenario, such as the case of a high-side Q1
switch drain-source short circuit when even DRVH goes low,
the SW node cannot fall to zero.
The high-side driver’s output is in phase with the duty ratio
input. When the driver is in undervoltage lockout, the high-side
gate is held low.
Overlap Protection Circuit
The overlap protection circuit (OPC) prevents both of the main
power switches, Q1 and Q2, from being ON at the same time.
This prevents excessive shoot-through currents from flowing
through both power switches and minimizes the associated
losses that can occur during their ON-OFF transitions. The
overlap protection circuit accomplishes this by adaptively
controlling the delay from Q1’s turn OFF to Q2’s turn ON and
by programming the delay from Q2’s turn OFF to Q1’s turn ON.
The ADP3415 has a timer circuit to address this scenario. Every
time the IN goes low, a DRVL on-time delay timer gets triggered (see Figure 2). Should the SW node voltage not trigger
the low side turn-on, the DRVL on-time delay circuit will do it
instead, when it times out with tSWTO delay (see Figure 5). If the
high-side Q1 is still turned ON, i.e., its drain is shorted to the
source, the low-side Q2 turn-on will create a direct short circuit
across the VDCIN voltage rail, and the crowbar action will blow
the fuse in the VDCIN current patch. The opening of the fuse saves
the load (CPU) from potential damage that the high-side switch
short circuit could have caused.
To prevent the overlap of the gate drives during Q1’s turn OFF
and Q2’s turn ON, the overlap circuit monitors the voltage at
the SW pin. When IN goes low, Q1 will begin to turn OFF
(after a propagation delay), but before Q2 can turn ON, the
Rev. 6 | Page 8 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
–8–
REV. B
ADP3415
Shutdown
Bootstrap Circuit
For optimal system power management, when the output voltage
is not needed, the ADP3415 can be shut down to conserve power.
The bootstrap circuit requires a charge storage capacitor, CBST,
and a Schottky diode, D1, as shown in Figure 2. Selecting these
components can be done after the high-side FET has been chosen.
When the SD pin is high, the ADP3415 is enabled for normal
operation. Pulling the SD pin low forces the DRVH and DRVL
outputs low, turning the buck converter OFF and reducing the
VCC supply current to less than 40 µA.
The bootstrap capacitor must have a voltage rating that is able
to handle the maximum battery voltage plus 5 V. The capacitance is determined using the following equation
Undervoltage Lockout
CBST =
The undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit holds both FET
driver outputs low during VCC supply ramp-up. The UVLO
logic becomes active and in control of the driver outputs at a
supply voltage of no greater than 1.5 V. The UVLO circuit
waits until the VCC supply has reached a voltage high enough
to bias logic level FETs fully ON, around 4.1 V, before releasing control of the drivers to the control pins.
A Schottky diode is recommended for the bootstrap diode due
to its low forward drop, which maximizes the drive available for
the high-side FET. The bootstrap diode must also be able to
withstand the maximum battery voltage plus 5 V. The average
forward current can be estimated by
The thermal shutdown circuit protects the ADP3415 against
damage due to excessive power dissipation. Under extreme
conditions, high ambient temperature and high power dissipation, the die temperature may rise up to the thermal shutdown
threshold of 165°C. If the die temperature exceeds 165°C, the
thermal shutdown circuit will turn the output drivers OFF. The
drivers remain disabled until the junction temperature has
decreased by 10°C, at which point the drivers are again enabled.
IF ( AVG ) ≈ QGATE × f MAX
Delay Resistor Selection
The delay resistor, RDLY, is used to add an additional delay
when the low-side FET drive turns off and when the high-side
drive starts to turn on. The delay resistor programs a specified
additional delay besides the 20 ns of fixed delay.
For the supply input (VCC) of the ADP3415, a local bypass
capacitor is recommended to reduce the noise and to supply
some of the peak currents drawn. Use a 10 µF MLC capacitor.
Keep the ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the ADP3415.
Multilayer ceramic (MLC) capacitors provide the best combination of low ESR and small size and can be obtained from the
following vendors:
Printed Circuit Board Layout Considerations
Use the following general guidelines when designing printed
circuit boards:
1. Trace out the high current paths and use short, wide traces
to make these connections.
www.murata.com
www.t-yuden.com
www.tokin.com
2. Locate the VCC bypass capacitor as close as possible to the
VCC and GND pins.
Rev. 6 | Page 9 of 10 | www.onsemi.com
REV. B
(2)
where fMAX is the maximum switching frequency of the controller.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Supply Capacitor Selection
GRM235Y5V106Z16
EMK325F106ZF
C23Y5V1C106ZP
(1)
where QGATE is the total gate charge of the high-side FET,
and DVBST is the voltage droop allowed on the high-side FET
drive. For example, the IRFR8503 has a total gate charge of
about 15 nC. For an allowed droop of 150 mV, the required
bootstrap capacitance is 100 nF. Use an MLC capacitor.
Thermal Shutdown
Murata
Taiyo-Yuden
Tokin
QGATE
∆VBST
–9–
ADP3415
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
10-Lead Micro Small Outline Package [MSOP]
(RM-10)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
3.00 BSC
6
10
4.90 BSC
3.00 BSC
1
5
PIN 1
0.50 BSC
0.95
0.85
0.75
1.10 MAX
0.15
0.00
0.27
0.17
SEATING
PLANE
0.23
0.08
0.80
0.60
0.40
88
08
COPLANARITY
0.10
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187BA
Model
Temperature Range
Package Description
Package Option
Quanity Per Reel
Branding
ADP3415LRM-REEL
0°C to 100°C
MSOP
RM-10
3,000
P1E
ADP3415LRM-REEL7
0°C to 100°C
MSOP
RM-10
1,000
P1E
ADP3415LRMZ-REEL
0°C to 100°C
MSOP
RM-10
3,000
P1E
1
0°C to 100°C
MSOP
RM-10
1,000
P1E
1
ADP3415LRMZ-RL7
1
Z = Pb-Free part
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