Agilent NVNA and X-Parameter Simulation in ADS 1 X-Parameters Enable Model Generation from Simulation or Measurement for Fast Development Measuring Nonlinearities for Use Directly in Design Wouldn’t it be nice if you could measure and display the full amplitude and phase information of each spectral component? Wouldn’t it be even nicer to then use it directly in ADS harmonic balance or circuit envelope simulation or Ptolemy system simulator? A1,P1 A2,P2 A1,P1 2 A3,P3 F1 F1 F2 F3 in out out out What are X-Parameters? X-parameters are the mathematically correct superset of Sparameters, applicable to both large-signal and small-signal conditions, for linear and nonlinear components. The math exists! We can measure, model, & simulate with X-parameters. Each part of the puzzle has been created The pieces now fit together seamlessly. 3 Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer (NVNA) The new industry standard for nonlinear measurements 4 X-Parameters Come from the Poly-Harmonic Distortion (PHD) Framework 5 X-Parameter Concept: Approxs. to NL Mapping 6 Results: Design of Cascade vs. Measurement of Cascade “X-parameters enable predictive nonlinear design from NL data” 7 X-Parameters: Why They are Critical Predict performance of cascaded NL components * Be , f = X ef( F ) (| A11 |) P f + ∑ X ef( S,g)h ( A11 ) P f − h ⋅ Agh + ∑ X ef(T,g)h ( A11 ) P f + h ⋅ Agh g ,h g ,h P = e jϕ ( A11 ) “New” Terms! Cascaded Nonlinear Amplifiers: Nonlinear effects of mismatch versus drive • Unambiguously identifiable (simple, automated extraction) from automated set of measurements • Fully nonlinear vector quantities (Magnitude and phase of all harmonics) • Extremely accurate for high-frequency, distributed nonlinear circuits • Cascadable (correct behavior in mismatched environment) 8 Black-Box Characterization & Behavioral Modeling Measurement-Based Model Actual Amp Circuit • Circuit models don’t exist • Completely protect design IP Generate Behavioral Model Design of Module or Instrument Front End Detailed Circuit Model (SPICE/ADS) of IC 9 PHD Framework: Simulating with Measured Data Once measured, the X-parameters can be immediately used for design in ADS. Agilent PHD Code NVNA Application Take X-parameter measurements 10 Memory Interface Extract X-parameters Export model file Works in HB and Envelope, Not in Transient Example: X-Parameters Verification Amplifier component models from individual measured X-parameters 11 Results Cascaded Simulation vs. Measurement “X-parameters enable predictive nonlinear design from NL data” 12 Third Order Intercept Simulation 13 Input / Output Spectrums & ACPR Spectral Re-growth 14 PA Linearization using X-Parameters in ADS Digital Pre-Distortion Linearization Design Guide 15 Summary • X-parameters are a mathematically correct superset of S-parameters for nonlinear devices under large-signal conditions. • X-parameters (for two-port devices under large-signal excitation from a single large input tone in this offering) can be accurately measured by automated set of experiments on the new Agilent NVNA instrument. • Together with the PHD Framework, measured X-parameters can be used in ADS to design nonlinear circuits. • All pieces of the puzzle are available and they fit together! 16