Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
March 2015
IPUG107_2.0
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4
Quick Facts ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Features ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Release Information .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Device Support...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 2. Functional Description ........................................................................................................ 6
Key Concepts........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Block Diagram....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Frame Rate Conversion ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Dynamic Parameter Updating ............................................................................................................................... 7
Memory Bandwidth and Size ................................................................................................................................ 7
Primary I/O ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
Interface Descriptions ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Video Input/Output ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Memory interface ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Parameter Register Read/Write Interface .................................................................................................. 11
Timing Description .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Video Input/Output Timing ......................................................................................................................... 11
Video Frame Timing................................................................................................................................... 13
Memory Interface Timing ........................................................................................................................... 14
Dynamic Parameter Updating .................................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 3. Parameter Settings ............................................................................................................ 15
Architecture ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Frame Dimensions ..................................................................................................................................... 16
I/O Specification .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Implementation.................................................................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 4. IP Core Generation............................................................................................................. 19
Licensing the IP Core.......................................................................................................................................... 19
Getting Started .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Configuring Video Frame Buffer Core in IPexpress ................................................................................... 19
Configuring Video Frame Buffer Core in Clarity Designer ......................................................................... 20
IPexpress-Created Files and Top Level Directory Structure...................................................................... 23
Clarity Designer-Created Files and IP Top Level Directory Structure........................................................ 24
Instantiating the Core ................................................................................................................................. 25
Running Functional Simulation .................................................................................................................. 25
Synthesizing and Implementing the Core in a Top-Level Design .............................................................. 26
Hardware Evaluation........................................................................................................................................... 26
Updating/Regenerating the IP Core .................................................................................................................... 26
Regenerating an IP Core in IPexpress....................................................................................................... 26
Regenerating/Recreating the IP Core in Clarity Designer.......................................................................... 27
Chapter 5. Support Resources ............................................................................................................ 29
Lattice Technical Support.................................................................................................................................... 29
E-mail Support ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Local Support ............................................................................................................................................. 29
Internet ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
References.......................................................................................................................................................... 29
.Revision History ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Appendix A. Resource Utilization ....................................................................................................... 30
ECP5 Devices ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
© 2015 Lattice Semiconductor Corp. All Lattice trademarks, registered trademarks, patents, and disclaimers are as listed at www.latticesemi.com/legal. All other brand
or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. The specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Table of Contents
Ordering Part Number................................................................................................................................ 30
LatticeECP3 Devices .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Ordering Part Number................................................................................................................................ 30
LatticeXP2 Devices ............................................................................................................................................. 31
Ordering Part Number................................................................................................................................ 31
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Chapter 1:
Introduction
The Video Frame Buffer IP core buffers video data in external memory to be displayed on output devices such as
computer monitors, projectors, etc. The Video Frame Buffer IP core supports image sizes up to 4K x 4K with
YCbCr 4:2:2, 4:4:4/RGB video formats. It supports dynamic parameter updating via a parameter bus which can be
configured to operate on a different clock from the core. Simple frame rate conversion is employed to support different input and output frame rates.
Quick Facts
Table 1-1. Video Frame Buffer IP Core Quick Facts
Video Frame Buffer IP Core Configuration
FPGA Families Supported
Core
Requirements
LatticeECP3™
ECP5™
LatticeXP2™
Minimum Device
Required
LFE3-17EA
LFE5-25F
LFXP2-5E
Targeted Device
LFE3-35EA-8FN672C
LFE5UM-85F-8BG554CES
LFXP2-30E-7F672C
Configuration
Resource
Utilization
NTSC720x480 8-bit Serial YCbCr4:2:2
Registers
794
789
796
LUTs
940
899
953
EBRs
2
2
2
Configuration
Resource
Utilization
XGA1024x768 8-bit Parallel RGB
Registers
859
861
857
LUTs
1103
1071
1116
EBRs
2
2
2
Configuration
Resource
Utilization
HD1920x1080 8-bit Parallel YCbCr4:2:2
Registers
869
860
867
LUTs
1012
990
1028
EBRs
2
2
Lattice Implementation
Design Tool
Support
2
®
Lattice Diamond 3.3
Synthesis
Synopsys® Synplify™ Pro for Lattice I-2014.03L-SP1,
Lattice Synthesis Engine1
Simulation
Aldec® Active-HDL™ 9.3 Lattice Edition II
Mentor Graphics® ModelSim™ SE 6.3
1. LatticeXP2 LSE flow requires Diamond 3.5 or later.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Introduction
Features
• Supports single color, YCbCr 4:2:2, YcbCr 4:4:4/RGB video formats
• Supports input and output resolutions of 64 x 64 to 4K x 4K pixels
• Supports serial and parallel pixel processing
• Supports frame rate conversion
• Supports dynamic parameter update of frame size and Keep mode
• Supports configurable parameter bus width
• Supports configurable parameter bus clock
• Supports configurable memory bus width and base address
• Supports configurable memory burst length and burst count
• Configurable internal FIFO type and depth
• Supports 8, 10 or 12-bit color depth per plane
Release Information
• Video Frame Buffer IP core version 2.0
• Last updated March 2015
Device Support
• ECP5, LatticeECP3, LatticeXP2
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Chapter 2:
Functional Description
Key Concepts
The Video Frame Buffer IP core receives input video data, stores it in the external memory and outputs it based on
the timing controlled by the dout_enable signal. The core stores data into memory in a different width format as
required by the application. It also provides synchronization of data across different clock domains as well as different format domains.
The core provides a simple parameter bus for dynamic frame size updating. It also implements a flexible memory
interface that can be connected to Lattice memory controller IP cores.
The core also supports interlaced video stream by combining two fields into one frame outside.
Block Diagram
Figure 2-1. Video Frame Buffer IP Core Block Diagram
Parameter Bus
Video Frame Buffer
Parameter Registers
Output Pixels
Input Pixels
Write FIFO
Read FIFO
Memory Controller
External Memory
Figure 2-1 shows the block diagram of the Video Frame Buffer IP core. The core supports continuous data streams
from/to external interfaces in different clock domains using asynchronous Write and Read FIFOs. Input pixels are
packed and stored into the asynchronous double clock Write FIFO first. Then pixels are sent to an external memory
controller to be written to the memory. After an entire video frame has been stored in the external memory, frame
reading starts. The pixels read from external memory are stored in the asynchronous Read FIFO and transferred to
output interface clock domain. After unpacking, pixels are output from the Video Frame Buffer IP core.
In the video frame buffer, several clock sources are involved. The memory interface operates on a separate memory clock. When frame rate conversion is enabled, there are two clocks in the video data path: input pixel sample
clock and output pixel sample clock. When frame rate conversion is disabled, the video data path operates at input
pixel sample clock rate. When dynamic parameter updating is enabled, the parameter bus can be configured to run
on a separate clock. By default, the parameter bus runs on the input pixel sample clock.
Frame Rate Conversion
The Video Frame Buffer IP core provides a simple frame rate conversion by repeating or dropping frames.
When frame rate conversion is enabled, the core’s output data path runs at the output pixel clock rate. The output
frame rate is controlled by the output pixel sample clock and dout_enable signal. When dout_enable signal is high,
the core outputs pixels continuously. When there is no new video frame, the core will output the last frame repeatedly.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
When frame rate conversion is disabled, the core’s output data path will run on the input pixel sample clock. The
output frame is generated directly from the input video stream. If there is no new input video frame, the core stops
generating output data.
Dynamic Parameter Updating
The Video Frame Buffer IP core provides a parameter bus port for internal parameter update at run time. The
parameters are double-buffered to avoid adverse effect to the core when they are changed. The new values are
buffered and transferred to the working registers when the core is ready to accept a new configuration. The
UPDATE register is used to indicate when the new values are consumed and when the buffers can accept new
data.
Table 2-1. Parameter Register Maps
Address
0x00
0x04
0x08
0x0C
Register
FRMWIDTH
FRMHEIGHT
KEEP
UPDATE
Size
32
32
1
1
W/R
W/R
W/R
W/R
W/R
Default
Description
719
Frame width register. The FRMWIDTH value must be (frame
width – 1). The minimum value is 63, and the maximum value
is the max frame width specified on the IP GUI minus 1. The
default value is the maximum value.
479
Frame height register. The FRMHEIGHT must be (frame
height – 1). The minimum value is 63, and the maximum value
is the max frame height specified on the IP GUI minus 1. The
default value is the maximum value.
0
Keep mode register. The value can be 0 or 1. When this bit is
1, the core is in an output locked mode. The same output
frame is sent out repeatedly if frame rate conversion is active;
otherwise there is no output frame.
0
Update parameter enable register. The value can be 0 or 1.
Setting this bit to 1 triggers the update of the above parameters. The core resets it to 0 after the parameters have been
updated.
All the parameter registers can be written to only when the UPDATE register bit is 0. The parameter KEEP will take
effect at the next output frame. When the UPDATE bit is set to 1, the parameters FRMWIDTH and FRMHEIGHT will
take effect when the frmsync_in signal is active, indicating a new input frame is arriving. After updating its internal
parameters, the core resets the UPDATE bit to indicate that the parameter registers are now empty and can take
on new values.
Memory Bandwidth and Size
The Video Frame Buffer IP core stores and retrieves pixels to/from external memory using memory burst write and
read commands. When DDR2 memory is used for external memory, one burst operation,
(burst_length*burst_count/2)*memory_data_width bit, cannot exceed the size of a single video line. A single video
line will be transferred through multiple burst write/read transactions internally.
When frame rate conversion is inactive the video frame buffer core needs a 2-frame memory storage space; when
frame rate conversion is active, a 3-frame storage space is required. The total external memory size the core
requires can be viewed on the video frame buffer IP GUI.
The required memory bandwidth is input pixel data rate plus output pixel data rate.
For example, for parallel 8-bit YCbCr 4:2:2 pixels, if the input pixel sample clock is 74.25 MHz and output pixel sample clock is 148.5 MHz, the required bandwidth is 2*8*(74.25+148.5) = 3564 bit*MHz. If the memory data width is
32, the required memory clock will be (3564/32) = 111.375 MHz.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
Primary I/O
Figure 2-2. Video Frame Buffer IP Core I/O
rstn
sr
oclk
iclk
dout_enable
din
dout
dvalid_out
dvalid_in
frmsync_in
frmsync_out
ready
fwidth_out
fheight_out
pclk
pwrite
paddr
Video Frame Buffer
pwdat
prdat
mem_clk
read_cmd
cmd_ready
write_cmd
mem_addr
write_data_ready
read_data_valid
write_data
read_data
Table 2-2. Primary I/O
Port
Size
I/O
Description
General I/Os
rstn
1
I
Asynchronous active-low reset signal.
sr
1
I
Synchronous reset signal (optional).
iclk
1
I
Input pixel sample clock.
frmsync_in
1
I
New input video frame indicator, active-high.
dvalid_in
1
I
Input video data valid signal, active-high.
8 - 48
I
Input video data in frame format.
ready
1
O
When high, indicates the Video Frame Buffer IP core can accept more input
data.
oclk
1
I
Output sample clock, present when frame rate conversion is active.
dout_enable
1
I
Input from down-stream module to enable output data, active high.
din
dout
8 - 48
O
Output video pixel in frame format.
dvalid_out
1
O
Output video pixel valid signal, active high
frmsync_out
1
O
New output frame indicator, active high.
1
I
Memory write/read clock.
Memory Interface
mem_clk
cmd_ready
1
I
Input from memory controller indicating it’s ready to accept a new command,
active high.
mem_addr
32
O
Memory read/write address.
read_cmd
1
O
Memory read command, active-high.
read_data
8/16/32/64/128
I
Read data output from memory.
read_data_valid
1
I
Read data valid indicator from memory controller, active high.
write_cmd
1
O
Memory write command, active-high.
write_data
8/16/32/64/128
O
Write data to memory.
1
I
Input from memory controller indicating that it’s ready to accept new write data,
active high.
write_data_ready
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
Table 2-2. Primary I/O (Continued)
Port
Size
I/O
Description
Optional I/Os
fwidth_out
16
O
Current output frame width, only for dynamic mode.
fheight_out
16
O
Current output frame height, only for dynamic mode.
frm_drop
1
O
Input frame drop flag
frm_repeat
1
O
Output frame repeat flag
frm_resync
1
O
Input frame re-sync flag
pclk
1
I
Parameter bus clock, configurable.
pwrite
1
I
Parameter bus write enable, active-high.
paddr
5
I
Parameter bus address.
pwdat
8/16/32
I
Parameter bus write data.
prdat
8/16/32
O
Parameter bus read data.
Interface Descriptions
Video Input/Output
The Video Frame Buffer IP core uses a simple handshaking method to pass pixel data into and out of the core. The
core asserts its ready output when it is ready to receive data. When the driving module has data to pass to the
video frame buffer, it asserts the core’s dvalid_in port and at the same time placing the input video data on the din
port. The frmsync_in input should be driven to a 1 during the clock cycle when the very first active pixel is placed on
the din bus.
Similarly, dvalid_out is active when valid output pixels are available on dout, and frmsync_out marks the first pixel in
an output frame.
The output ports fwidth_out and fheight_out indicate the current output frame’s width and height respectively, which
are valid only when frmsync_out is asserted.The input signal dout_enable enables the core to generate output pixels. When dout_enable is low (inactive), the core stops generating output pixels.
The IP core also provides several optional flags that indicate the frame status. The frm_resync output is driven to 1
when a new frmsync_in is asserted indicating a new frame is started before the current input frame is completed.
The frm_drop and frm_repeat outputs indicate that the current frame is being dropped or repeated for frame rate
conversion, respectively.
Memory interface
The Video Frame Buffer IP core implements a flexible memory interface which operates on a separate clock from
the main core.
When connecting to a DDR memory controller that has 1:1 clock ratio between the DDR and controller local buses
(such as DDR2 memory controller for LatticeECP3), the burst length and burst count of video frame buffer should
have the same values as those of the DDR memory controller. When connecting to a DDR memory controller that
has 2:1 clock ratio between the DDR and controller local buses (such as DDR3 memory controller for LatticeECP3
or ECP5), the burst length of video frame buffer should have the same value with DDR3 memory controller, while
the burst count of video frame buffer should be half as that of the DDR memory controller.
The video frame buffer assumes a memory byte addressing scheme. When connecting the memory controller, the
address connection should be adjusted according to the DDR memory data width.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
Normally the address connection can be (Assuming the DDR2/3 memory has 27 bits address width):
ddr_addr
= {1’b0,mem_addr[25:0]}; // for 8-bit DDR memory only
ddr_addr
= {2'b00,mem_addr[25:1]}; // for 16-bit DDR memory only
ddr_addr
= {3'b000,mem_addr[25:2]}; // for 32-bit DDR memory only
And the corresponding command should be:
ddr_cmd
ddr_cmd_valid
= (write_cmd) ? 4'b0010 : 4'b0001; // (write_cmd) ? WRITE : READ
= (write_cmd || read_cmd);
In order to get the best throughput (about 5% increase compared to normal connection), the users should fine tune
the combination of row/bank/column/ address to get the best throughput.
To get maximum throughput on the memory bus (about 5% increase compared to normal connection), the user
needs to steer clear of write-to-precharge/read-to-precharge/precharge-to-active during row switching. That is, to
access each bank in turn by using write/read with auto-precharge command to close current bank immediately
after current burst write/read. In order to adopt this policy, the users should fine tune the combination of
Row/Bank/Column address to get the best throughput.
For example, when DDR2 memory data width is 16, row size is 14, column size is 10, bank size is 8, burst length is
8 and burst count is 1, which means memory controller user interface data width is 32, row address is 14 bits, column address is 10 bits, bank address is log2(bank size)=3 bits and log2(burst length * burst count)= 3 bits. The
memory controller address mapping inside the memory controller IP core is
ddr_addr = {row_addr[13:0], bank_addr[2:0], col_addr[9:0]}
In order to get the best throughput, we increase the col_addr[2:0] first to utilize the burst operation, then we
increase the bank_addr[2:0], followed by increasing the rest of col_addr[9:3], and finally with the row_addr. So the
interface to the DDR2/3 memory will look like:
ddr_addr = {2’b00, mem_addr[25:14], mem_addr[6:4], mem_addr[13:7], mem_addr[3:1]};
The corresponding command should be:
ddr_cmd = (write_cmd) ? 4'b0100 : 4'b0011; // (write_cmd) ? WRITEA : READA
As the memory controller user interface data width is 32, mem_addr[1:0] will always be zero.
The core arbitrates between memory write and read operations, ensuring only a write_cmd or a read_cmd is
asserted at any given time.
Two clock cycles after the write_data_ready is asserted, data will be available on the write_data port. That means
the parameter “Data_rdy to Write Data Delay” of memory controller must be set to 2
The cmd_ready can be asserted once every two clock cycles, and it should have at least a one-cycle interval,
which is consistent with Lattice DDR Memory Controller IP cores.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
Parameter Register Read/Write Interface
The Video Frame Buffer IP core implements a simple register read/write interface for run-time parameter updates.
The parameter bus interface can be configured to run on a separate clock. It operates at the input pixel clock rate
by default.
When pwrite is high, pwdat and paddr must contain valid data. The contents of all parameter registers will be transferred to the core’s internal storage when UPDATE is asserted. If a parameter has not been written to before the
assertion of UPDATE, its old value will be transferred into the internal storage.
prdat contains register read data corresponding to the address value placed on the paddr in the previous clock
cycle.
When the parameter bus data width is equal to 32, paddr[1:0] should be fixed to 0. When parameter bus data width
equals to 16, paddr[0] should be fixed to 0.
The parameter bus data width should be configured based on the system CPU’s data width.
Timing Description
Video Input/Output Timing
The Video Frame Buffer IP core supports single color, YCbCr 4:2:2, YCbCr 4:4:4 or RGB video format.
For YCbCr 4:4:4 or RGB video format, the three planes are interleaved for serial processing and combined on the
din and dout ports for parallel processing. Figures 2-3 and 2-4 show the timing of RGB serial processing and parallel processing.
Figure 2-3. RGB Serial Processing (8-bit pixel)
iclk
ready
dvalid_in
frmsync_in
din[7:0]
R
G
B
R
G
B
...
...
...
R
G
B
...
...
B
R
R
G
B
...
B
dout_enable
dvalid_out
frmsync_out
R
dout[7:0]
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G
Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
Figure 2-4. RGB Parallel Processing (8-bit pixel)
iclk
dvalid_in
frmsync_in
din[23:16]
R
R
R
R
R
R
...
...
...
R
R
R
...
...
R
R
R
din[15: 8]
G
G
G
G
G
G
...
...
...
G
G
G
...
...
G
G
G
din[ 7: 0]
B
B
B
B
B
B
...
...
...
B
B
B
...
...
B
B
B
dvalid_out
frmsync_out
dout[23:16]
R
R
R
R
R
R
...
dout[15: 8]
G
G
G
G
G
G
...
dout[ 7: 0]
B
B
B
B
B
B
...
For YCbCr 4:2:2 video serial processing, the input and output sequence should be Cb, Y, Cr, Y, …. For parallel processing, the Y plane occupies the upper bits of the din and dout ports, and the Cb and Cr planes the lower bits. Cb
and Cr planes are interleaved in the lower half, and Cb comes before Cr. Figures 2-5 and 2-6 show the timing of
YCbCr 4:2:2 serial processing and parallel processing.
Figure 2-5. YCbCr 4:2:2 Serial Processing (8-bit pixel)
iclk
ready
dvalid_in
frmsync_in
din[7:0]
Cb
Y
Cr
Y
Cb
Y
...
...
Cb
Y
Cr
Y
...
...
Cr
Y
Cb
Y
Cr
Y
Cr
Y
dout_enable
dvalid_out
frmsync_out
Cb
dout[7:0]
Y
Cb
Figure 2-6. YCbCr 4:2:2 Parallel Processing (8-bit pixel)
iclk
dvalid_in
frmsync_in
din[15: 8]
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
...
...
Y
Y
Y
Y
...
...
Y
Y
Y
din[ 7: 0]
Cb
Cr
Cb
Cr
Cb
Cr
...
...
Cb
Cr
Cb
Cr
...
...
Cb
Cr
Cb
dvalid_out
frmsync_out
dout[15: 8]
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
...
dout[ 7: 0]
Cb
Cr
Cb
Cr
Cb
Cr
...
Figure 2-7 shows the dout_enable control timing. When dout_enable is de-asserted, the core will stop outputting
data. Similarly, when dout_enable is asserted, the core will begin outputting data. The assertion and de-assertion
of dout_enable can be used to generate a horizontal blank and a vertical blank depending on the output video format.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
Figure 2-7. dout_enable Control Timing
oclk
dout_enable
dvalid_out
dout
R
G
B
...
...
...
...
...
R
G
B
...
Video Frame Timing
Figure 2-8. Output Frame Rate is the Same as the Input Frame Rate
ready
dvalid_in
frmsync_in
din
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 3
Frame 4
dout_enable
dvalid_out
frmsync_out
dout
Frame 2
Frame 3
Figure 2-8 shows the frame timing when frame rate conversion is disabled. After accepting one input frame, the
core starts generating frames. The output frame is driven by the input frame. When a new input frame arrives
before the current output frame is finished, the current output frame is dropped and a new output frame is started.
After the last input frame, the video frame buffer stops generating output frames.
Figure 2-9. Output Frame Rate is Twice the Input Frame Rate
ready
dvalid_in
frmsync_in
din
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame 4
dout_enable
dvalid_out
frmsync_out
dout
Frame 0
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 2
Frame 3
Figure 2-9 shows the frame timing when the output frame rate is twice the input frame rate. Output frames run on a
separate output pixel clock. The output frame rate is determined by the output pixel clock and dout_enable signal.
The core generates output frames based on the oldest pending input frame(s). When a new input frame is
received, the core pushes out the oldest frame and exports the second oldest frame. When there is no new frame
input, the core exports the stored frames and then keeps exporting the last frame repeatedly. When the external
memory is fully occupied by the unconsumed frames (no more space for new frames), the core will overwrite the
latest input frame.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Functional Description
Memory Interface Timing
Figure 2-10 shows the timing of the memory write operation. When the internal write FIFO is half full, it triggers
memory write operation cycles. The memory write operation will continue until the write FIFO is empty.
Figure 2-10. Timing Diagram for Memory Write
mem_clk
cmd_ready
write_cmd
0
mem_addr
16
32
48
write_data_ready
D0
write_data
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12 D13
Figure 2-11 shows the timing of memory read operation. When the internal read FIFO is less than half full, and
there is no ongoing write operation, the memory read burst operation is started. The read burst operation stops
once the read burst makes the read FIFO half full.
The memory write and read operations are in bursts. The memory write and read operations switch at the end of
the burst cycle.
Figure 2-11. Timing Diagram for Memory Read
mem_clk
cmd_ready
read_cmd
0
mem_addr
16
32
48
read_data_valid
D0
read_data
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14 D15
Dynamic Parameter Updating
Figure 2-12 shows the timing of dynamic parameter updating. FW and FH are the video frame width and height. KP
is the KEEP register value.
The parameter bus can be configured to operate on a separate clock. By default, it operates at the input pixel clock
rate. The parameter registers are writable only when the UPDATE register is 0. When the UPDATE register bit is
set to 1, the core will update its internal parameter registers with the new values at the next active frmsync_in and
reset the UPDATE register bit.
Figure 2-12. Timing Diagram for Dynamic Parameter Updating (parameter bus width = 32)
iclk
frmsync_in
pwrite
paddr
12
pwdat
prdat
IPUG107_2.0, March 2015
0
0
4
8
12
FW
FH
KP
1
..
..
..
12
1
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Chapter 3:
Parameter Settings
This section describes how to generate the Lattice Video Frame Buffer IP core using the Diamond IPexpress™
tool. Refer to the IP Core Generation section for a description of how to generate the IP.
The Video Frame Buffer configuration GUI is accessed via the IPexpress tool and provides an interface for setting the
desired parameters and invoking the IP core generator. Since the values of some parameters affect the size of the
resultant core, the maximum value for these parameters may be limited by the size of the target device. Table 3-1
provides a list of user-configurable parameters for the Video Frame Buffer IP core.
Table 3-1. Video Frame Buffer IP Core Parameters
Parameter
Range/Options
Default
Video Frame In and Out
Video format
Single color, YCbCr4:2:2, YcbCr4:4:4 or RGB
YCbCr4:2:2
(Max) Video frame width
64-4096 (Even numbers only)
720
(Max) Video frame height
64-4096 (Even numbers only)
480
Yes, No
Yes
Parallel processing
Dynamic parameter updating
Yes, No
No
Frame rate conversion
Yes, No
Yes
8, 10, 12, 16
8
I/O Specifications
Input pixel width
Memory bus width
8, 16, 32, 64, 128
32
Memory base address
0x00000000-0xFFFFFFFF
0x00000000
Memory address width
Read only
21
Memory size needed
Read only
2073600 bytes
Parameter bus width
8, 16, 32
32
Separate parameter bus clock
Yes, No
No
Input frame re-sync flag
Yes, No
No
Frame drop and repeat flag
Yes, No
No
Synchronous reset
Yes, No
No
Output frame size ports
Yes, No
No
EBR, Distributed
EBR
Read FIFO type
EBR, Distributed
EBR
Write FIFO depth
32, 64, 128, 256, 512
64
Read FIFO depth
32, 64, 128, 256, 512
64
2, 4, 8
8
1, 2, 4, 8
1
Memory Type
Write FIFO type
DDR memory burst length
Command burst count
Synthesis Options
Frequency constraint (MHz)
1-400
250
Fanout limit
1-200
100
Resource sharing
Yes, No
Yes
Pepelining and retiming
Yes, No
No
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Parameter Settings
Architecture
The Architecture tab provides settings for video frames and algorithm options.
Figure 3-1. Architecture Tab
Frame Dimensions
This section provides settings that define the video format, input/output frame dimensions and dynamic parameter
updating.
Video format defines the format of video stream. It can be single color, YCbCr4:2:2, YCbCr4:4:4 or RGB.
Video frame width and Video frame height define the video frame size for buffering. Video frame width and
Video frame height parameters must be multiple of 2 (even numbers).
The Parallel processing checkbox determines whether the core processes video color planes in parallel.
The Dynamic parameter updating checkbox determines whether the core supports parameters updating at runtime. Refer to the Dynamic Parameter Updating section for more information.
The Frame rate conversion checkbox enables frame rate conversion. When it is enabled, the output video stream
runs on a separate clock.
When dynamic parameter updating is enabled, the Max video frame width and Max video frame height specify
the largest frame size the core needs to support.
The range for the frame dimensions is 64 to 4096.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Parameter Settings
I/O Specification
The I/O Specification tab provides settings for pixel data width, memory bus width, memory base address, parameter bus width and optional ports.
Figure 3-2. I/O Specification Tab
Input pixel width sets the bit width of the incoming pixel. Values can be 8, 10, 12 and 16. Default value is 8.
Memory bus width sets the data width of memory interface. Values can be 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128. Default value is
32.
Memory base address sets the base address of the external memory space used. Value must be in hex format
and its bit width cannot exceed 32 bits.
Memory address width specifies the address width of the memory interface.
Memory size needed specifies the size of the external memory space needed.
Memory address width and Memory size needed are generated automatically by the GUI.
Parameter bus width sets the bus width of the parameter bus interface. This parameter is only available when
dynamic parameter updating is selected. Values can be 8, 16 and 32. Default value is 32.
The Separate parameter bus clock checkbox determines whether the core uses a separate clock to run the
parameter update interface. This parameter is only available when dynamic parameter updating is selected.
The Synchronous reset checkbox determines whether the core has a synchronous reset port.
The Input frame re-sync flag determines whether the core provides an output flag that indicates re-synchronization of the input frame.
The Frame drop and repeat flag provides the frm_drop and frm_repeat flag signals to the core when checked.
The Output frame size ports checkbox determines whether the core provides output frame size ports. This
parameter is only available when dynamic parameter updating is selected.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Parameter Settings
Implementation
The Implementation tab provides settings for the memory type and synthesis constraints.
Figure 3-3. Implementation Tab
Write FIFO type selects EBR or Distributed RAM for the internal write FIFO type of the frame buffer module. Read
FIFO type selects EBR or Distributed RAM for the internal read FIFO type of the frame buffer module. Write FIFO
depth selects the depth of the internal write FIFO and Read FIFO depth selects the depth of internal read FIFO.
The FIFO depth can be 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512. The default value is 64.
DDR memory burst length selects the burst length value. Command burst count selects the burst count value
for working with the memory controller. The burst length can be 2, 4 and 8. Its default value is 8. The burst count
can be 1, 2, 4 and 8. Its default value is 1.
Frequency constraint sets the required clock frequency for the synthesis tool in MHz. This option applies to all the
clocks in the core. Fanout limit sets the fanout limit value for the synthesis tool. Resource sharing and Pipelining
and retiming, if enabled, are synthesis directives that are used in the core generation. Users can adjust these
options to get a better timing result.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
Chapter 4:
IP Core Generation
This section provides information on how to generate the Lattice Video Frame Buffer IP core using the Diamond
IPexpress tool, and how to include the core in a top-level design.
Licensing the IP Core
An IP core- and device-specific license is required to enable full, unrestricted use of the Lattice Video Frame Buffer
IP core in a complete, top-level design.
Users may download and generate the Lattice Video Frame Buffer IP core and fully evaluate the core through functional simulation and implementation (synthesis, map, place and route) without an IP license. The Video Frame
Buffer IP core supports Lattice’s IP hardware evaluation capability, which makes it possible to create versions of the
IP core which operate in hardware for a limited time (approximately four hours) without requiring an IP license. See
Hardware Evaluation for further details. However, a license is required to enable timing simulation, to open the
design in Diamond and to generate bitstreams that do not include the hardware evaluation timeout limitation.
Getting Started
The Video Frame Buffer IP core is available for download and installation from the Lattice IP Server using the IPexpress or Clarity Designer tool. After the IP core has been installed, the IP core will be available in the IPexpress or
Clarity Designer GUI dialog box.
Configuring Video Frame Buffer Core in IPexpress
• Project Path – Path to the directory where the generated IP files will be located.
• File Name – “username” designation given to the generated IP core and corresponding folders and files.
• Module Output – Verilog or VHDL.
• Device Family – Device family to which IP is to be targeted. Only families that support the particular IP core are
listed.
• Part Name – Specific targeted part within the selected device family.
The Video Frame Buffer configuration GUI is accessed by clicking the Customize button, and provides an interface
for setting the desired parameters and invoking the IP core generator.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
IP Core Generation
Figure 4-1. Video Frame Buffer Configuration Interface
Note: File Name cannot be “frame_buffer_core,” as this name has been used in the internal design of the core.
Note that if the IPexpress tool is called from within an existing project, Project Path, Module Output, Device Family
and Part Name default to the specified project parameters. Refer to the IPexpress tool online help for further information.
To create a custom configuration, the user clicks the Customize button in the IPexpress tool dialog box to display
the Video Frame Buffer IP core Configuration GUI, as shown in Figure 4-1. From this dialog box, the user can
select the IP parameter options specific to their application. Refer to Parameter Settings section for more information on Video Frame Buffer IP core parameter settings.
Configuring Video Frame Buffer Core in Clarity Designer
The Video Frame Buffer IP core is found under IP > DSP in the Clarity Designer IP Catalog Window as shown in
Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-2. Clarity Designer Catalog Window
To configure the IP core, double click the Video Frame Buffer IP shown in the Catalog tab of the interface. This
step opens the IP Project Dialog box as shown in Figure 4-3.
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IP Core Generation
Figure 4-3. Clarity Designer IP Project Dialog Box
Enter the following information as described below.
• Instance Path – Path to the directory where the generated IP files will be loaded.
• Instance Name – “username” designation given to the generated IP core and corresponding folders and files.
(Caution: Instance Name cannot be “frame_buffer_core,” as this name has been used in the internal design of
the core.)
• Module Output – Verilog or VHDL.
• Device Family – Shows the selected device family.
• Part Name – Shows the selected part within the selected device family.
To create a custom configuration:
1. Click the Customize button in the IP Project dialog box to display the Video Frame Buffer IP core Configuration
interface, as shown in Figure 4-4.
2. Select the IP parameter options specific to their application. Refer to Parameter Settings section for more information on the Video Frame Buffer parameter settings.
3. Click Configure then Close to create the IP core with the selected configuration.
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Video Frame Buffer IP Core User Guide
IP Core Generation
Figure 4-4. Configuration GUI
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IP Core Generation
IPexpress-Created Files and Top Level Directory Structure
When the user clicks the Generate button in the IP Configuration dialog box, the IP core and supporting files are
generated in the specified Project Path directory. The directory structure of the generated files is shown in Figure 4-5.
This example shows the directory structure generated with the Video Frame Buffer for a LatticeECP3 device.
Figure 4-5. Video Frame Buffer IP Core Directory Structure
Table 4-1 provides a list of key files and directories created by the IPexpress tool and how they are used. The IPexpress tool creates several files that are used throughout the design cycle. The names of most of the created files
are customized to the user’s module name specified in the IPexpress tool.
Table 4-1. File List (IPexpress)
File
Description
<username>.lpc
This file contains the IPexpress tool options used to recreate or modify the core in the
IPexpress tool.
<username>.ipx
The IPX file holds references to all of the elements of an IP or module after it is generated
from the IPexpress tool. The file is used to bring in the appropriate files during the design
implementation and analysis. It is also used to re-load parameter settings into the IP/module generation GUI when an IP/module is being re-generated.
<username>.ngo
This file provides the synthesized IP core.
<username>_bb.v
This file provides the synthesis black box for the user’s synthesis.
<username>_inst.v
This file provides an instance template for Video Frame Buffer IP core.
<username>_beh.v
This file provides the front-end simulation library for Video Frame Buffer IP core.
Table 4-2 provides a list of key additional files providing IP core generation status information and command line
generation capability are generated in the user's project directory.
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IP Core Generation
Table 4-2. Additional Files (IPexpress)
File
<username>_generate.tcl
Description
This file is created when the GUI Generate button is pushed. This file may be run from
command line.
<username>_generate.log
This is the synthesis and map log file.
<username>_gen.log
This is the IPexpress IP generation log file.
Clarity Designer-Created Files and IP Top Level Directory Structure
When the user clicks the Configure button then the Close button in the IP Configuration dialog box, the IP core and
supporting files are generated in the specified “Instance Path” directory. An example of the directory structure of
the generated files is shown in Figure 4-6.
Figure 4-6. IP Top Level Directory Structure
Table 4-3 provides a list of key files and directories created by the Clarity Designer tool and how they are used. The
Clarity Designer tool creates several files that are used throughout the design cycle. The names of most of the created files are customized to the user’s module name specified in the Clarity Designer tool.
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IP Core Generation
Table 4-3. File List (Clarity Designer)
File
<username>.lpc
Description
This file contains the Clarity Designer tool options used to recreate or modify the core in
the Clarity Designer tool.
<username>.ngo
This file provides the synthesized IP core.
<username>.ngd
This file is used by the Clarity Designer tool to generate the IP core.
<username>_bb.v
This file provides the synthesis black box for the user’s synthesis.
<username>_inst.v
This file provides an instance template for Video Frame Buffer IP core.
<username>_beh.v
This file provides the front-end simulation library for Video Frame Buffer IP core.
Table 4-4. Additional Files (Clarity Designer)
File
Description
<username>_generate.tcl
This file is created when the GUI Configuration button is pushed.
This file may be run from command line.
<username>_generate.log
This is the synthesis and map log file.
<username>_gen.log
This is the Clarity Designer IP generation log file.
Instantiating the Core
The generated Video Frame Buffer IP core package includes black-box (<username>_bb.v) and instance (<username>_inst.v) templates that can be used to instantiate the core in a top-level design. An example RTL top-level
reference source file that can be used as an instantiation template for the IP core is provided in
\<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\src\rtl\top. Users may also use this top-level reference as the starting template for the top-level for their complete design.
Running Functional Simulation
Simulation support for the Video Frame Buffer IP core is provided for the Aldec Active-HDL (Verilog and VHDL)
simulator and the Mentor Graphics ModelSim simulator. The functional simulation includes a configuration-specific
behavioral model of the Video Frame Buffer IP core. The test bench sources stimulus to the core, and monitors output from the core. The generated IP core package includes the configuration-specific behavior model (<username>_beh.v) for functional simulation in the Project Path root directory. The simulation scripts supporting
ModelSim evaluation simulation is provided in \<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\sim\modelsim\scripts.
The
simulation
script
supporting
Active-HDL
evaluation
simulation
is
provided
in
\<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\sim\aldec\scripts. Both Modelsim and Active-HDL simulation is supported via test bench files provided in \<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\testbench. Models required for simulation
are provided in the corresponding \models folder. Users may run the Active-HDL evaluation simulation by doing the
following:
1. Open Active-HDL.
2. Under the Tools tab, select Execute Macro.
3. Browse to folder \<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\sim\aldec\scripts and execute one of the
“do” scripts shown.
Users may run the ModelSim evaluation simulation by doing the following:
1. Open ModelSim.
2. Under the File tab, select Change Directory and choose the folder <project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\sim\modelsim\scripts.
3. Under the Tools tab, select Execute Macro and execute ..\scripts\<username>_rtl_se.do.
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IP Core Generation
Note: When the simulation is complete, a pop-up window will appear asking “Are you sure you want to finish?”
Choose No to analyze the results. Choosing Yes closes ModelSim.
Synthesizing and Implementing the Core in a Top-Level Design
Synthesis support for the Video Frame Buffer IP core is provided for Lattice Synthesis Engine (LSE) or Synopsys
Synplify. The Video Frame Buffer IP core itself is synthesized and is provided in NGO format when the core is generated. Users may synthesize the core in their own top-level design by instantiating the core in their top level as
described previously and then synthesizing the entire design with either Synplify or LSE synthesis.
The top-level file <username>_eval_top.v provided in \<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\src\top
supports the ability to implement Video Frame Buffer core in isolation. Push-button implementation of this top-level
design with either Synplify or LSE synthesis is supported via the project files <username>_eval.ldf located in the
\<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\impl\synplify or the \<project_dir>\
frame_buffer_eval\<username>\impl\LSE directories, respectively.
To use this project file in Diamond:
1. Choose File > Open > Project.
2. Browse to \<project_dir>\frame_buffer_eval\<username>\impl\(synplify or LSE) in the Open Project dialog
box.
3. Select and open <username>.ldf. At this point, all of the files needed to support top-level synthesis and implementation will be imported to the project.
4. Select the Process tab in the left-hand GUI window.
5. Implement the complete design via the standard Diamond GUI flow.
Hardware Evaluation
The Video Frame Buffer IP core supports the Lattice IP hardware evaluation capability, which makes it possible to
create versions of the IP core that operate in hardware for a limited period of time (approximately four hours) without requiring the purchase of an IP license. It may also be used to evaluate the core in hardware in user-defined
designs.
Choose Project > Active Strategy > Translate Design Settings. The hardware evaluation capability may be
enabled/disabled in the Strategy dialog box. It is enabled by default.
Updating/Regenerating the IP Core
By regenerating an IP core with the IPexpress tool, you can modify any of its settings including device type, design
entry method, and any of the options specific to the IP core. Regenerating can be done to modify an existing IP
core or to create a new but similar one.
Regenerating an IP Core in IPexpress
To regenerate an IP core n IPexpress:
1. In IPexpress, click the Regenerate button.
2. In the Regenerate view of IPexpress, choose the IPX source file of the module or IP you wish to regenerate.
3. IPexpress shows the current settings for the module or IP core in the Source box. Make your new settings in the
Target box.
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IP Core Generation
4. If you want to generate a new set of files in a new location, set the new location in the IPX Target File box. The
base of the file name will be the base of all the new file names. The IPX Target File must end with an .ipx extension.
5. Click Regenerate. The module’s dialog box opens showing the current option settings.
6. In the dialog box, choose the desired options. To get information about the options, click Help. Also, check the
About tab in IPexpress for links to technical notes and user guides. The IP core may come with additional information. As the options change, the schematic diagram of the module changes to show the I/O and the device
resources the module will need.
7. To import the module into your project, if it’s not already there, select Import IPX to Diamond Project (not available in stand-alone mode).
8. Click Generate.
9. Check the Generate Log tab to check for warnings and error messages.
10.Click Close.
The IPexpress package file (.ipx) supported by Diamond holds references to all of the elements of the generated IP
core required to support simulation, synthesis and implementation. The IP core may be included in a user’s design
by importing the .ipx file to the associated Diamond project. To change the option settings of a module or IP that is
already in a design project, double-click the module’s .ipx file in the File List view. This opens IPexpress and the
module’s dialog box showing the current option settings. Then go to step 6 above.
Regenerating/Recreating the IP Core in Clarity Designer
By regenerating an IP core with the Clarity Designer tool, you can modify any of the options specific to an existing
IP instance. By recreating an IP core with Clarity Designer tool, you can create (and modify if needed) a new IP
instance with an existing LPC/IPX configuration file.
Regenerating an IP Core in Clarity Designer Tool
To regenerate an IP core in Clarity Designer:
1. In the Clarity Designer Builder tab, right-click on the existing IP instance and choose Config.
2. In the dialog box, choose the desired options.
For more information about the options, click Help. You may also click the About tab in the Clarity Designer window for links to technical notes and user guides. The IP may come with additional information. As the options
change, the schematic diagram of the module changes to show the I/O and the device resources the module
will need.
3. Click Configure.
Recreating an IP Core in Clarity Designer Tool
To recreate an IP core in Clarity Designer:
1. In the Clarity Designer Catalog tab, click the Import IP tab at the bottom.
2. In the Import IP tab, choose the existing IPX/LPC source file of the module or IP to regenerate.
3. Specify the instance name in Target Instance. Note that this instance name should not be the same as any of
the existing IP instances in the current Clarity Design project.
4. Click Import. The module's dialog box opens showing the option settings.
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IP Core Generation
5. In the dialog box, choose the desired options.
For more information about the options, click Help. You may also click the About tab in the Clarity Designer window for links to technical notes and user guides. The IP may come with additional information. As the options
change, the schematic diagram of the module changes to show the I/O and the device resources the module
will need.
6. Click Configure.
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Chapter 7:
Support Resources
This chapter contains information about Lattice Technical Support, additional references, and document revision
history.
Lattice Technical Support
There are a number of ways to receive technical support.
E-mail Support
[email protected]
Local Support
Contact your nearest Lattice sales office.
Internet
www.latticesemi.com
References
• DS1044, ECP5 Family Data Sheet
• DS1021, LatticeECP3 Family Data Sheet
• DS1009, LatticeXP2 Family Data Sheet
.Revision
History
Date
Document
Version
IP Core
Version
March 2015
2.0
2.0
Added ECP5 device family support. Added LSE synthesis tool support for
ECP5 and LatticeXP2. Added Clarity Designer flow support for ECP5.
September 2013
01.2
1.2
Added information in the Memory Interface section. Provided the scheme
on improving data bus throughput.
Change Summary
Updated Lattice Technical Support information.
June 2012
01.1
1.0
Appendix A, Resource Utilization – Corrected ordering part numbers.
March 2012
01.0
1.0
Initial release.
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Appendix A:
Resource Utilization
This appendix gives resource utilization information for Lattice FPGAs using the Video Frame Buffer IP core.
IPexpress and Clarity Designer are the Lattice IP configuration utilities, and are included as standard features of
the Diamond design tools. Details regarding the usage of IPexpress and Clarity Designer can be found in the IPexpress and Diamond help systems. For more information on the Diamond design tools, visit the Lattice web site at
www.latticesemi.com.
ECP5 Devices
Table A-1. Performance and Resource Utilization1
Video
Format
Frame
Width
Frame
Height
Parallel
Processing
Pixel
Width
Memory
Bus Width
Registers
LUT4s
EBR
Fmax
(iclk)
Fmax
(mem_clk)
Fmax
(oclk)
YCbCr422
720
480
No
8
32
789
899
2
311
283
282
RGB
1024
768
Yes
8
32
861
1071
2
270
272
245
YCbCr422
1920
1080
Yes
8
32
860
990
2
314
280
264
1. Performance and utilization data are generated targeting an LFE5UM-45F-8FN672C device using Lattice Diamond 3.3 and Synplify Pro
I-1024.03L-SP1 software. Performance may vary when using a different software version or targeting a different device density or speed
grade within the ECP5 family.
Ordering Part Number
The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for Video Frame Buffer IP core targeting ECP5 devices is VFB-E5-U.
LatticeECP3 Devices
Table A-2. Performance and Resource Utilization1
Video
Format
Frame
Width
Frame
Height
Parallel
Processing
Pixel
Width
Memory
Bus Width
Registers
LUT4s
EBR
Fmax
(iclk)
Fmax
(mem_clk)
Fmax
(oclk)
YCbCr422
720
480
No
8
32
794
940
2
272
232
304
RGB
1024
768
Yes
8
32
859
1103
2
247
233
253
YCbCr422
1920
1080
Yes
8
32
869
1012
2
282
216
261
1. Performance and utilization data are generated targeting a LFE3-35EA-8FN672C device using Lattice Diamond 3.3 and Synplify Pro
I-1024.03L-SP1 software. Performance may vary when using a different software version or targeting a different device density or speed
grade within the LatticeECP3 family.
Ordering Part Number
The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for Video Frame Buffer IP core targeting LatticeECP3 devices is VFB-E3-U.
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Resource Utilization
LatticeXP2 Devices
Table A-3. Performance and Resource Utilization1
Video
Format
Frame
Width
Frame
Height
Parallel
Processing
Pixel
Width
Memory
Bus Width
Registers
LUT4s
EBR
Fmax
(iclk)
Fmax
(mem_clk)
Fmax
(oclk)
YCbCr422
720
480
No
8
32
796
953
2
239
227
226
RGB
1024
768
Yes
8
32
857
1116
2
261
221
229
YCbCr422
1920
1080
Yes
8
32
867
1028
2
223
210
228
1. Performance and utilization data are generated targeting a LFXP2-30E-7F672C device using Lattice Diamond 3.3 and Synplify Pro
I-1024.03L-SP1 software. Performance may vary when using a different software version or targeting a different device density or speed
grade within the LatticeXP2 family.
Ordering Part Number
The Ordering Part Number (OPN) for Video Frame Buffer IP core targeting LatticeXP2 devices is VFB-X2-U.
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