MP6914 Ideal Diode for Solar Panel Bypass The Future of Analog IC Technology DESCRIPTION FEATURES The MP6914 is an ideal diode that integrates a 30V, 5.3mΩ power MOSFET to replace bypass diodes in photovoltaic panel. The power loss can be significantly reduced with the MP6914 due to its low voltage drop and reverse leakage current. The part is available with SOIC8-EP package. Integrated 5.3mΩ 30V Power Switch Very low reverse leakage current Rugged design for long lifetime Available in SOIC8-EP package APPLICATIONS Bypass diode in photovoltaic panels All MPS parts are lead-free and adhere to the RoHS directive. For MPS green status, please visit MPS website under Quality Assurance. “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are Registered Trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. TYPICAL APPLICATION VD K K VD VDD A MP6914 Rev. 1.0 10/29/2012 K VD VDD VDD A A www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 1 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number* MP6914DN Package SOIC8E Top Marking MP6914 * For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (e.g. MP6914DN–Z); For RoHS, compliant packaging, add suffix –LF (e.g. MP6914DN–LF–Z). PACKAGE REFERENCE ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) Cathode to Anode .........................-0.8V to +30V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +25°C) (2) ................................................................... 2.5W Junction Temperature ...............................150C Lead Temperature (Solder).......................260C Storage Temperature ............... -55°C to +150C Recommended Operation Conditions (3) VDD to Anode ....................................... 6V to 24V Operating Junction Temp. (TJ). -40°C to +125°C MP6914 Rev. 1.0 10/29/2012 Thermal Resistance (4) θJA θJC SOIC8E ................................... 50 ...... 10 ... C/W Notes: 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature TJ(MAX), the junction-toambient thermal resistance θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated by Exceeding the maximum D(MAX)=(TJ(MAX)-TA)/θJA. allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. 3) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 4) Measured on JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 2 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA= +25C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter VDD Voltage Range VDD UVLO Rising VDD UVLO Hysteresis Operating Current Quiescent Current A-K Forward Voltage Symbol VDD VDD_rs VDD_hs Iop Iq Vfwd A-K Forward Voltage Vfwd Turn-off Total Delay POWER SWITCH SECTION Drain-Source Breakdown Voltage(5) TDoff Conditions VDD=12V, VAK=0.5V VDD=12V, VAK=0V IAK=1A IAK=10A, Tj=25oC IAK=10A, Tj=75oC V(BR)DSS VGS=0V, IKA=250µA Gate-Threshold Voltage VGS_th VDS=VGS, IkA=250µA AK Turn-on Threshold Gate-Body Leakage Leakage Current VAK_ON IGSS ILK VDD=12V VDS=0V, VGS=±12V From K to A, VDD=0V ID=10A, VGS=10V,, Tj=25oC VGS=10V,, ID=10A, Tj=75oC Drain-Source Resistance On-State Input Capacitance Output Capacitance Reverse Transfer Capacitance Body Diode Characteristics Diode Forward Voltage RDS(ON) Min 6 3.4 0 Typ Max 24 4.2 1 2 120 40 Units V V V mA µA mV mV mV μs 2 3.8 0.6 1 90 30 53 61 4 30 32 V 1.9 V 60 20 125 ±100 6 250 1 mV nA µA 5.3 mΩ 6.1 mΩ pF pF pF Ciss Coss Crss VDS=30V, f=1MHz 2800 450 300 VAK VDD=2.5V, IAK=1A 0.7 0.8 V Note: 5) D is K, S is A, refer to “BLOCK DIAGRAM” MP6914 Rev. 1.0 10/29/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 3 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS PIN FUNCTIONS Pin # Name Description 1,4 2 3 5-8 EP NC VD VDD A K No Connection Drain voltage sense, need to connect K pin. Supply Voltage, reference to anode. FET Source, also used as diode anode FET Drain, also used as diode cathode MP6914 Rev. 1.0 10/29/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 4 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VDD=12V, TA=+25C, tested on two-layered FR4 PCB with 70um Cu, otherwise noted VDD Supply Current vs. VDD Voltage 200 Forward Volatge vs. Forward Current o VK=VA 90 160 Reverse Current VDD=0V VDD=12V, TJ=75 C 40 80 35 70 30 60 120 20 40 80 15 30 40 0 6 12 VDD (V) 18 24 70 20 10 10 5 0 0 60 600 45 400 40 200 35 30 0 10 20 30 40 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 FORWARD CURRENT (A) MAX. FORWARD CURRENT (A) 30 VKA (V) 40 50 1000 800 50 20 1200 1000 55 10 1400 1200 65 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 FORWARD CURRENT (A) FORWARD POWER (mW) 0 25 50 14 800 600 400 200 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 FORWARD CURRENT (A) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 25 MP6914 Rev. 1.0 10/29/2012 50 75 100 125 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 5 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1—Function Block Diagram MP6914 Rev. 1.0 10/29/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 6 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS OPERATION Photovoltaic cells can not generate power in some conditions, such as clouds or fog. Due to the mismatch currents betweens the series connected cells, the shaded cells will work like a load while the good cells still produce power. They dissipate power instead of generating power and cause hot spot. To protect the PV from the damage due to hot spot, bypass diodes in PV junction box are commonly used to allow the current pass around the shaded PV cells. MP6914 is comprised of an internal power MOSFET and control circuits. It need an external power for VDD and behaves like a diode. Compared with a bypass diode, MP6914 has significantly low forward voltage drop and a very low reverse leakage current. Turn-on Phase When current goes through the internal body diode, the body diode voltage drop from A to K (>500mV) is much larger than the turn-on threshold (125mV) of internal control circuitry, which leads to the turn on of the internal MOSFET. The control circuitry will regulate the VAK at about 30mV by controlling the gate driver voltage of the internal MOSFET. Turn-off Phase When the shaded PV cells start to generate power (this means the voltage which drops across A-K is smaller than 30mV), the control circuitry stops working and the internal MOSFET is turned off. 1.0 MP6914 Rev. 0.83 www.MonolithicPower.com 10/29/2012 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 7 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS APPLICATION INFORMATION Loss Calculation The MP6914 provide solutions for photovoltaic applications, designed to increase system efficiency by implementing a bypass function through a 5.3mΩpower MOSFET transistor instead of a conventional Schottky diode. MP6914 should be connected in parallel to the cell string which is intended to be protected. In normal work this string produce enery with a voltage VKA . In normal work MP6914 comsumes a power determined by: PLOSS (W ) VKA (V) * IKA (A) * 106 Component Selection A small capacitor is needed to keep a clean voltage for VDD pin, 0.1μF is enough. A resistor of 1kΩ is needed between VD and K pins in order to prevent noise from PV cells line. This resistor doesn’t consume power. PCB Layout Guide As usually the current flowing into A pin through K pin Is big, the copper plane connected to these pins is recommended as big as possible, as shown in the figures below: Top Layer Where IKA Is the reverse current (see Figure 3), typically <3μA, so PLOSS is very small. When this cell string is shaded to act as a load of other cells, MP6914 will turn on the internal MOSFET to prevent hot-spot issue. Now IKA is the negative forward current I F (typically 0~10A), equal to current in the real load of PV cells. VKA is the negative forward voltage VF .if I F is below 5A, VF is clamped to about 30mV, otherwise can be found in Figure “Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current”. Then substituting VF and I F into previous equation can calculate out the loss in this case. PLOSS (W), JA (45-65oC/W), ambient temperature (oC) and maximum allowed junction temperature (150oC) decide the maximum IF (A). In common case, this relation can be expressed: Ta Bottom Layer IF (150 Ta ) /(JA * VF * 0.001) Where VF in mV, and can be found in the anterior Figure “Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current”, and the maximum IF is sketched in Figure “Maximum Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature”. 1.0 MP6914 Rev. 0.83 www.MonolithicPower.com 10/29/2012 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 8 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS The VDD decoupling capacitor should be closed to VDD and A pins (C1 in the upper figure). The VD resistor (R2 in the upper figure) connects a joint close to K pin and keeps the VD trace short. MP6914DN-00A is a good example. Design Example Below is a design example following the application guidelines for the specifications: Table 1: Design Example VDD (V) Vb (V) Ib (IAK: A) And many vias from top layer through bottom layer needed for current conducting and thermal radiating. 6-24 -0.8-30 0-10 The detailed application schematic is shown in figure 2. The typical performance and circuit waveforms have been shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. For more device applications, please refer to the related Evaluation Board Datasheets. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS U1 2 3 0 4 C1 2 1 NS A VD A VDD A NC A R2 EP P1 NC K VDD 1 R1 1k MP6914 8 7 this socket to solar panel 6 Vb+ 5 C2 J2 NS GND GND J1 GND GND GND Vb- Figure 2—24V/10A Application Circuit 1.0 MP6914 Rev. 0.83 www.MonolithicPower.com 10/29/2012 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 9 MP6914 –IDEAL DIODE FOR SOLAR PANEL BYPASS PACKAGE INFORMATION SOIC8E 0.189(4.80) 0.197(5.00) 8 0.124(3.15) 0.136(3.45) 5 0.150(3.80) 0.157(4.00) PIN 1 ID 1 0.228(5.80) 0.244(6.20) 0.089(2.26) 0.101(2.56) 4 TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW SEE DETAIL "A" 0.013(0.33) 0.020(0.51) 0.051(1.30) 0.067(1.70) SEATING PLANE 0.000(0.00) 0.006(0.15) 0.0075(0.19) 0.0098(0.25) SIDE VIEW 0.050(1.27) BSC FRONT VIEW 0.010(0.25) x 45o 0.020(0.50) GAUGE PLANE 0.010(0.25) BSC 0.050(1.27) 0.024(0.61) 0o-8o 0.016(0.41) 0.050(1.27) 0.063(1.60) DETAIL "A" 0.103(2.62) 0.213(5.40) NOTE: 0.138(3.51) RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN 1) CONTROL DIMENSION IS IN INCHES. DIMENSION IN BRACKET IS IN MILLIMETERS. 2) PACKAGE LENGTH DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. 3) PACKAGE WIDTH DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. 4) LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.004" INCHES MAX. 5) DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MS-012, VARIATION BA. 6) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Please contact MPS for current specifications. Users should warrant and guarantee that third party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS products into any application. MPS will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. MP6914 Rev. 1.0 10/29/2012 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2012 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 10