MP2377 3A, 21V, 600kHz Step-Down Converter The Future of Analog IC Technology DESCRIPTION FEATURES The MP2377 is a monolithic step-down switch mode converter with a built in high-side power MOSFET. It achieves 3A continuous output current over a wide input supply range with excellent load and line regulation. • • • • • • • • • • Current mode operation provides fast transient response and eases loop stabilization. Fault condition protection includes current limiting and thermal shutdown. The MP2377 requires a minimum number of readily available standard external components and is available in 8-pin SOIC packages with exposed pad. • • Wide 4.5V to 21V Operating Input Range 3A Output Current 100mΩ Internal Power MOSFET Switch Power Good Indicator Fixed 600kHz Frequency Synchronizable to >1MHz External Clock Over Current Latch Off Protection Thermal Shutdown Output Adjustable from 0.81V Stable with Low ESR Output Ceramic Capacitors Available in Thermally Enhanced 8-Pin SOIC Packages Supports Soft-Start into Pre-Biased Output APPLICATIONS • • • Distributed Power Systems Battery Charger Pre-Regulator for Linear Regulators “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are Registered Trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. TYPICAL APPLICATION VIN 8 IN BST Efficiency vs Load Current 2 100 80 VCC MP2377 POWER GOOD OFF ON 6 7 PG EN/SYNC FB GND 4 MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 SW 1 5 EFFICIENCY (%) 3 VIN=5V VIN=12V 60 40 20 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 1 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) PACKAGE REFERENCE Supply Voltage VIN ....................................... 23V VSW......................... -0.3V(-5V for < 10ns) to 24V VBST - VSW .................................................... + 6V All Other Pins ................................. –0.3V to +6V Junction Temperature ............................... 150°C Lead Temperature .................................... 260°C Storage Temperature .............. –65°C to +150°C TOP VIEW SW 1 8 IN BST 2 7 EN/SYNC VCC 3 6 PG GND 4 5 FB Recommended Operating Conditions Supply Voltage VIN ........................... 4.5V to 21V Operating Temperature ............. –40°C to +85°C EXPOSED PAD ON BACKSIDE Thermal Resistance (3) θJA θJC SOIC8 ..................................... 90 ...... 45... °C/W SOIC8E .................................. 50 ...... 10... °C/W Part Number* Package Temperature MP2377DN SOIC8E –40°C to +85°C * (2) Notes: 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 3) Measured on JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB. For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (eg. MP2377DN–Z) For RoHS Compliant Packaging, add suffix –LF (eg. MP2377DN–LF–Z) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 12V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Parameters Feedback Voltage Symbol VFB Feedback Current IFB (4) Switch On Resistance Switch Leakage Current Limit (4) Oscillator Frequency Fold-back Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum On Time (4) Under Voltage Lockout Threshold Rising Under Voltage Lockout Threshold Hysteresis EN Input Low Voltage En Input High Voltage Min 0.788 RDS(ON) VEN = 0V, VSW = 0V Typ 0.808 10 2 100 0.1 Max 0.828 10 4 fSW VFB = 0.6V VFB = 0V VFB = 0.6V 85 tON 3.9 600 150 90 100 4.1 880 4.3 0.4 1.2 VEN = 2V VEN = 0V VEN = 0V VEN = 2V, VFB = 1V EN Input Current Supply Current (Shutdown) Supply Current (Quiescent) Thermal Shutdown Bias Supply Power Good Threshold Rising Power Good Threshold Hysteresis PG Pin Level Sync Frequency Range (Low) Sync Frequency Range (High) Enable Turnoff Delay Condition 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 21V VFB = 0.8V VFB = 2V VCC VPG FSYNCL FSYNCH TOFF ICC = 5mA 4.5 2 0.01 0.1 0.9 150 5.0 0.74 40 PG Sink 4mA µA 0.4 300 1.5 5.0 Units V nA µA mΩ µA A KHz KHz % ns V mV V V µA mA °C V V mV V KHz MHz µS Note: 4) Guaranteed by design. MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 2 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER PIN FUNCTIONS Pin # Name 1 SW 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description Switch Output. Bootstrap. This capacitor is needed to drive the power switch’s gate above the supply BST voltage. It is connected between SW and BS pins to form a floating supply across the power switch driver. VCC Bias Supply. Decouple this pin with a 1µF ceramic capacitor. Ground. This pin is the voltage reference for the regulated output voltage. For this reason GND care must be taken in its layout. This node should be placed outside of the D1 to C1 ground path to prevent switching current spikes from inducing voltage noise into the part. Feedback. An external resistor divider from the output to GND, tapped to the FB pin sets the output voltage. To prevent current limit run away during a short circuit fault condition the FB frequency foldback comparator lowers the oscillator frequency when the FB voltage is below 250mV. Power Good Indicator. Connect this pin to VCC or VOUT by a 100kΩ pull-up resistor. The output of this pin is low if the output voltage is 10% less than the nominal voltage, otherwise PG it is an open drain. EN/SYNC On/Off Control Input and Synchronization Pin. Supply Voltage. The MP2377 operates from a +4.5V to +21V unregulated input. C1 is IN needed to prevent large voltage spikes from appearing at the input. MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 3 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, L = 3.3µH, TA = +25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Efficiency vs Load Current Efficiency vs Load Current VO = 3.3V, IOUT = 3A IOUT = 3A 100 80 VIN=12V EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 80 60 40 20 0 100 VIN=5V VOUT 10mV/div. 60 VSW 10V/div. 40 20 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) VIN=12V VOUT=5V 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) Steady States Steady States VIN = 12V, VO = 3.3V, IOUT = 0=1.5A VIN = 12V, VO = 3.3V, IOUT = 3A VOUT 10mV/div. I indutor 1A/div. VEN 5V/div. VOUT 10mV/div. VOUT 2V/div. VSW 10V/div. VSW 10V/div. I indcutor 1A/div. I inductor 2A/div. VSW 10V/div. VEN 5V/div. VEN 5V/div. VOUT 2V/div. VOUT 2V/div. VSW 10V/div. VSW 10V/div. I inductor 1A/div. I inductor 2A/div. MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 1ms/div. I inductor 2A/div. 1ms/div. VEN 5V/div. VOUT 2V/div. VSW 10V/div. I inductor 1A/div. 1ms/div. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 1ms/div. 4 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, L = 3.3µH, TA = +25ºC, unless otherwise noted. VEN 5V/div. VEN 5V/div. VOUT 2V/div. VOUT 2V/div. VSW 10V/div. VSW 10V/div. I inductor 1A/div. I inductor 2A/div. 1ms/div. Load Regulation I inductor 2A/div. Peak Current vs Duty Cycle VIN=12V, VOUT=3.3V 0.00% VIN=5V, VOUT=3.3V VIN=23V VOUT=3.3V -1.00% 0.00 1.00 2.00 LOAD CURRENT (A) 3.00 8 0.50% 0.00% IOUT=1.5A -0.50% -1.00% 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) PEAK CURRENT (%) 0.50% LINE REGULATION (%) 1.00% -0.50% 2ms/div. Line Regulation 1.00% LOAD REGULATION (%) VOUT 2V/div. VSW 10V/div. 6 4 2 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% CYCLE DUTY (%) Load Transient VO/AC 50mV/div. I_inductor 2A/div. MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 5 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER OPERATION IN CURRENT SENSE AMPLIFIER D2 + -- x40 REGULATOR BST EN/SYNC OSCILLATOR 600KHz REGULATOR S + -- VCC Q DRIVER R CURRENT LIMIT COMPARATOR SW R REFERENCE 0.81 VREF FB PG + -- ERROR AMPLIFIER + -- PWM COMPARATOR POWER GOOD GND Figure 1—Functional Block Diagram The MP2377 is a fixed frequency, step-down switching regulator with an integrated high-side power MOSFET. It achieves 3A continuous output current over a wide input supply range with excellent load and line regulation. It provides a single highly efficient solution with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation. The MP2377 operates in a fixed frequency, peak current control mode to regulate the output voltage. A PWM cycle is initiated by the internal clock. The integrated high-side power MOSFET is turned on and remains on until its current reaches the value set by the COMP voltage. When the power switch is off, it remains off until the next clock cycle starts. If, in 90% of one PWM period, the current in the power MOSFET does not reach the COMP set current value, the power MOSFET will be forced to turn off. Power Good Indicator When the FB is below 0.74V, the PG pin will be internally pulled low. When the FB is above 0.74V, the PG becomes an open-drain output. MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 Error Amplifier The error amplifier compares the FB pin voltage with the internal 0.808V reference (REF) and outputs a current proportional to the difference between the two. This output current is then used to charge or discharge the internal compensation network to form the COMP voltage, which is used to control the power MOSFET current. The optimized internal compensation network minimizes the external component counts and simplifies the control loop design. Internal Regulator Most of the internal circuitries are powered from the 5V internal regulator. This regulator takes the VIN input and operates in the full VIN range. When VIN is greater than 5.0V, the output of the regulator is in full regulation. When VIN is lower than 5.0V, the output decreases. Since this internal regulator provides the bias current for the bottom gate driver that requires significant amount of current depending upon the external MOSFET selection, a 1uF ceramic capacitor for decoupling purpose is required. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 6 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER Enable/Synch Control The MP2377 has a dedicated Enable/Synch control pin (EN/SYNC). By pulling it high or low, the IC can be enabled and disabled by EN. Tie EN to VIN for automatic start up. To disable the part, EN must be pulled low for at least 5µs. The MP2377 can be synchronized to external clock range from 300KHz up to 1.4MHz through the EN/SYNC pin. The internal clock rising edge is synchronized to the external clock rising edge. Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Under-voltage lockout (UVLO) is implemented to protect the chip from operating at insufficient supply voltage. The MP2377 UVLO comparator monitors the output voltage of the internal regulator, VCC. The UVLO rising threshold is about 4.0V while its falling threshold is about 3.6V. Internal Soft-Start The soft-start is implemented to prevent the converter output voltage from overshooting during startup. When the chip starts, the internal circuitry generates a soft-start voltage (SS) ramping up from 0V to 1.2V. When it is lower than the internal reference (REF), SS overrides REF so the error amplifier uses SS as the reference. When SS is higher than REF, REF regains control. Over-Current-Protection and Latchoff The MP2377 has cycle-by-cycle over current limit when the inductor current peak value exceeds the set current limit threshold. Meanwhile, output voltage starts to drop until FB is below the Under-Voltage(UV) threshold, typically 30% below the reference. Once a UV is triggered, the MP2377 is latched off until En or IN is recycled. This protection mode is especially useful when the output is dead-short to ground. Thermal Shutdown Thermal shutdown is implemented to prevent the chip from operating at exceedingly high temperatures. When the silicon die temperature is higher than 150°C, it shuts down the whole chip. When the temperature is lower than its lower threshold, typically 140°C, the chip is enabled again. Floating Driver and Bootstrap Charging The floating power MOSFET driver is powered by an external bootstrap capacitor. This floating driver has its own UVLO protection. This UVLO’s rising threshold is 2.2V with a hysteresis of 150mV. The bootstrap capacitor voltage is regulated internally (Figure 2). Even at no load condition, as long as VIN is 3V higher than VOUT, C4 will have enough voltage provided by VIN through D2, M2 C4, L1 and C2. If (VIN-VSW) is more than 5V, U2 will regulate M2 to maintain a 5V BST voltage across C4. + + -- -- Figure 2—Internal Bootstrap Charging Circuit Startup and Shutdown If both VIN and EN are higher than their appropriate thresholds, the chip starts. The reference block starts first, generating stable reference voltage and currents, and then the internal regulator is enabled. The regulator provides stable supply for the remaining circuitries. Three events can shut down the chip: EN low, VIN low and thermal shutdown. In the shutdown procedure, the signaling path is first blocked to avoid any fault triggering. The COMP voltage and the internal supply rail are then pulled down. The floating driver is not subject to this shutdown command. MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 7 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER APPLICATION INFORMATION The schematic on the front page shows a typical MP2377 application. The IC can provide up to 3A output current at a nominal output voltage of 3.3V. For proper thermal performance, the exposed pad of the device must be soldered down to the printed circuit board. Setting the Output Voltage The external resistor divider is used to set the output voltage (see the schematic on front page). The feedback resistor R1 also sets the feedback loop bandwidth with the internal compensation capacitor (see Figure 1). Choose R1 to be around 40.2kΩ for optimal transient response. R2 is then given by: R2 = R1 VOUT −1 0 .8 V Table 1—Resistor Selection for Common Output Voltages VOUT (V) 1.8 2.5 3.3 5 R1 (kΩ) 40.2 (1%) 40.2 (1%) 40.2 (1%) 40.2 (1%) R2 (kΩ) 32.4 (1%) 19.1 (1%) 13 (1%) 7.68 (1%) Selecting the Inductor A 1µH to 10µH inductor with a DC current rating of at least 25% percent higher than the maximum load current is recommended for most applications. For highest efficiency, the inductor DC resistance should be less than 15mΩ. For most designs, the inductance value can be derived from the following equation. L= VOUT × ( VIN − VOUT ) VIN × ∆IL × f OSC Output Rectifier Diode The output rectifier diode supplies the current to the inductor when the high-side switch is off. To reduce losses due to the diode forward voltage and recovery times, use a Schottky diode. Choose a diode whose maximum reverse voltage rating is greater than the maximum input voltage, and whose current rating is greater than the maximum load current. Table 2 lists example Schottky diodes and manufacturers. Table 2—Diode Selection Guide Diode Voltage/Current Rating Manufacture B330 MBRS330 30V, 3A 30V, 3A Diodes Inc. On Semi Selecting the Input Capacitor The input capacitor (C1) reduces the surge current drawn from the input and the switching noise from the device. The input capacitor impedance at the switching frequency should be less than the input source impedance to prevent high frequency switching current from passing to the input. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are highly recommended because of their low ESR and small temperature coefficients. For 3A output applications, a 10µF capacitor is sufficient. Selecting the Output Capacitor The output capacitor (C2) keeps output voltage small and ensures regulation loop stability. The output capacitor impedance should be low at the switching frequency. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are recommended. Where ∆IL is the inductor ripple current. Choose inductor current to be approximately 30% of the maximum load current, 3A. The maximum inductor peak current is: IL(MAX ) = ILOAD + ∆I L 2 Under light load conditions below 100mA, larger inductance is recommended for improved efficiency. MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 8 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER PCB Layout Guide PCB layout is very important to achieve stable operation. Please follow these guidelines and take Figure3 and 4 for references. 1) Keep the path of switching current short and minimize the loop area formed by Input cap, high-side MOSFET and schottky diode. Keep the connection of schottky diode between SW pin and input power ground as short and wide as possible. 3) Ensure all feedback connections are short and direct. Place the feedback resistors and compensation components as close to the chip as possible. 4) Route SW away from sensitive analog areas such as FB. 5) Connect IN, SW, and especially GND respectively to a large copper area to cool the chip to improve thermal performance and long-term reliability. For single layer PCB, exposed pad should not be soldered. Top Layer 4 3 Cb 2 1 C3 5 6 7 8 R3 R2 2) Bottom Layer Figure 4—PCB Layout for Double Layers Figure 3—PCB Layout for Single Layer MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 9 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER External Bootstrap Diode An external bootstrap diode may enhance the efficiency of the regulator, the applicable conditions of external BST diode are: z VOUT=5V or 3.3V; and z Duty cycle is high: D= VOUT >65% VIN In these cases, an external BST diode is recommended from the output of the voltage regulator to BST pin, as shown in Fig.5 MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 External BST Diode IN4148 BST MP2377 SW CBST L 5V or 3.3V COUT Figure 5—Add Optional External Bootstrap Diode to Enhance Efficiency The recommended external BST diode is IN4148, and the BST cap is 0.1~1µF. By using this circuit, 5V input voltage can output 3.3V and 2.5V with just 30mA load. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 10 MP2377 – 3A, 21V, 600KHz STEP-DOWN CONVERTER PACKAGE INFORMATION SOIC8E (EXPOSED PAD) 0.189(4.80) 0.197(5.00) 0.124(3.15) 0.136(3.45) 8 5 0.150(3.80) 0.157(4.00) PIN 1 ID 1 0.228(5.80) 0.244(6.20) 0.089(2.26) 0.101(2.56) 4 TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW SEE DETAIL "A" 0.051(1.30) 0.067(1.70) SEATING PLANE 0.000(0.00) 0.006(0.15) 0.013(0.33) 0.020(0.51) 0.0075(0.19) 0.0098(0.25) SIDE VIEW 0.050(1.27) BSC FRONT VIEW 0.010(0.25) x 45o 0.020(0.50) GAUGE PLANE 0.010(0.25) BSC 0.050(1.27) 0.024(0.61) 0o-8o 0.016(0.41) 0.050(1.27) 0.063(1.60) DETAIL "A" 0.103(2.62) 0.138(3.51) RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN MP2377 Rev. 0.92 4/19/2011 0.213(5.40) NOTE: 1) CONTROL DIMENSION IS IN INCHES. DIMENSION IN BRACKET IS IN MILLIMETERS. 2) PACKAGE LENGTH DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. 3) PACKAGE WIDTH DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. 4) LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.004" INCHES MAX. 5) DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MS-012, VARIATION BA. 6) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 11