DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications General Description Features The AAT3123/23A/24 is a low noise, constant frequency charge pump DC/DC converter that uses a dual mode load switch (1X) and fractional (1.5X) conversion to maximize efficiency for white LED applications. The device can be used to produce current levels up to 20mA to drive up to six LEDs from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. Outputs may be operated individually or paralleled for driving higher-current LEDs. A low external parts count (two 1μF flying capacitors and two small 1μF capacitors at VIN and OUT) make the AAT3123/23A/24 ideally suited for small battery-powered applications. • VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V • Dual Mode 1X and 1.5X Charge Pump for Maximum Efficiency • Drives Low-VF and High-VF Type LEDs • Up to Six 20mA Outputs (AAT3124) • Up to Four 20mA Outputs (AAT3123/23A) • 32-Position Logarithmic Scale with Digital Control • Simple Serial Control (S2Cwire) Interface • Low Noise Constant Frequency Operation • 1MHz Switching Frequency • Small Application Circuit • Regulated Output Current • Automatic Soft Start • No Inductors • IQ <1μA in Shutdown • Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C • 12-Pin TSOPJW Package (AAT3123/23A) • 16-Pin 4x4mm QFN and 14-Pin TSOPJW Packages (AAT3124) Skyworks' Simple Serial Control (S2Cwire™) interface is used to enable, disable, and set the LED drive current with a 32-level logarithmic scale LED brightness control. The AAT3123/23A/24 has a thermal management system to protect the device in the event of a short-circuit condition at the output pin. Built-in soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current during start-up. A high charge pump switching frequency enables the use of very small external capacitors. A low-current shutdown feature disconnects the load from VIN and reduces quiescent current to less than 1μA. The device also integrates a test current/auto-disable feature for each channel. The AAT3123/23A is available in a very small, Pb-free 12-pin TSOPJW package. The six output AAT3124 is available in the Pb-free 16-pin 4x4mm QFN and 14-pin TSOPJW packages. Applications • • • • Color (RGB) Lighting Programmable Current Source White LED Backlighting White Photo Flash for DSCs Typical Application VIN VIN C1+ C1+ C1 1μF C1 1μF VBATTERY C1C2+ VOUT CIN 1μF C OUT 1μF AAT3123 AAT3123A VBATTERY C2 1μF CIN 1μF C OUT 1μF C1C2+ VOUT AAT3124 C2- EN/SET EN/SET GND D1 D2 D3 D4 EN/SET D4 C2 1μF C2- D3 D2 D1 EN/SET GND D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D6 D5 D4 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 D3 D2 D1 1 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Pin Descriptions Pin # AAT3123/23A (TSOPJW-12) AAT3124 (QFN44-16) AAT3124 (TSOPJW-14) Symbol 1 10 8 C2+ 2 9 9 OUT 3 7 10 C1- 4 6 11 C1+ 5 6 7 5 4 1 12 13 2 D4 D3 D2 8 16 3 D1 9 15 4 EN/SET 10 14 5 IN 11 12 12 11 6 7 GND C2- 2 1 D5 3 8, 13 EP 14 D6 N/C Function Flying capacitor 2 positive terminal. Connect a 1μF capacitor between C2+ and C2-. Charge pump output. Requires 1μF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Flying capacitor 1 negative terminal. Flying capacitor 1 positive terminal. Connect a 1μF capacitor between C1+ and C1-. Current source output #4. If unused, this pin should be left floating. Current source output #3. If unused, this pin should be left floating. Current source output #2. If unused, this pin should be left floating. Current source output #1. Required reference current source. Do not leave this pin floating. Control pin using S2Cwire serial interface. Input power supply. Requires 1μF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Ground. Flying capacitor 2 negative terminal. Current source output #5. Required reference current source. Do not leave this pin floating. Current source output #6. If unused, this pin should be left floating. No connection. Exposed paddle (bottom); connect to GND directly beneath package. Pin Configuration TSOPJW-12 (Top View) 9 5 8 6 7 D2 1 12 GND D5 2 11 C2- D6 3 D3 4 AAT3124 10 C2+ 9 OUT D5 D2 D1 EN/SET IN GND C2- 1 14 2 13 3 4 12 AAT3124 11 5 10 6 9 7 8 8 7 6 5 N/C C1- C1+ D4 2 13 10 14 4 AAT3123 AAT3123A TSOPJW-14 (Top View) N/C IN 3 11 15 2 C2GND IN EN/SET D1 D2 EN/SET 12 16 1 D1 C2+ OUT C1C1+ D4 D3 QFN44-16 (Top View) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 D6 D3 D4 C1+ C1OUT C2+ DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol Description VIN VOUT FB, VEN/SET VEN/SET(MAX) IOUT2 TJ Input Voltage Charge Pump Output FB or EN/SET to GND Voltage Maximum EN/SET to Input Voltage Maximum DC Output Current Operating Junction Temperature Range Value Units -0.3 to 6 -0.3 to 6 -0.3 to 6 0.3 150 -40 to 150 V V V V mA °C Value Units Thermal Information3 Symbol Description JA Thermal Resistance PD Maximum Power Dissipation QFN44-16 TSOPJW-12 QFN44-164 TSOPJW-125 50 160 2.0 0.625 °C/W W 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Based on long-term current density limitation. 3. Mounted on an FR4 board. 4. Derate 20mW/°C above 25°C. 5. Derate 6.25mW/°C above 25°C. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 3 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Electrical Characteristics1 CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1.0μF; TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = 25°C, VIN = 3.5V. Symbol Description Input Power Supply Operation Range VIN Icc Operating Current ISHDN(MAX) Shutdown Current IDX Output Current I(D-Match) CP Current Matching Between Any Two Outputs Charge Pump Section Efficiency Charge Pump Section tSS Soft-Start Time FCLK Clock Frequency EN/SET Enable Threshold Low VEN(L) VEN(H) Enable Threshold High tEN/SET_LO EN/SET Low Time tEN/SET_HI Minimum EN/SET High Time tOFF EN/SET Off Timeout Input EN/SET Input Leakage Current Conditions Min Typ 2.7 3.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5, Active, No Load Current EN = 0 VIN 3.5V, Code = 32, TA = 25°C VD1:D4 = 3.6V, VIN = 3.5V VD5:VD6 = 3.6V, VIN = 3.5V VIN = 3.5V, IOUT(TOTAL) = 120mA, Measured from IN to OUT VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8 18 20 0.5 0.5 Max Units 5.5 3.5 1 22 V mA μA mA % 93 % 200 1000 μs kHz 0.5 500 V V μs ns μs 1 μA 1.4 0.3 75 50 -1 1. The AAT3123/4 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 4 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Typical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.5V, CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1μF, TA = 25°C. Efficiency vs. Input Voltage Efficiency vs. Input Voltage (4x20mA) (4x10mA) 100 100 95 VDIODE = 3.4V VDIODE = 3.2V 90 85 VDIODE = 3.0V 80 75 70 65 85 VDIODE = 3.0V 80 75 70 65 60 60 55 55 50 VDIODE = 3.4V VDIODE = 3.2V 90 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) 95 50 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 Input Voltage (V) 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.1 IDIODE vs. Input Voltage (4x20mA) (4x10mA) 45 VDIODE = 3.4V VDIODE = 3.2V 3.9 Input Voltage (V) IDIODE vs. Input Voltage 85 3.7 75 VDIODE = 3.0V IDIODE (mA) IDIODE (mA) 80 70 VDIODE = 3.0V 65 60 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 35 5.1 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 Input Voltage (V) Quiescent Current (mA) 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 Input Voltage (V) Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 VDIODE = 3.0V 0.4 0.2 0.0 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 VDIODE = 3.4V VDIODE = 3.2V 40 VIH and VIL vs. VIN 0.850 0.825 0.800 0.775 VIH 0.750 0.725 VDIODE = 3.4V VIL 0.700 0.675 VDIODE = 3.2V 0.650 0.625 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 Input Voltage (V) 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 0.600 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 5 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Typical Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.5V, CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1μF, TA = 25°C. Turn-On to Full-Scale Charge Pump Turn-On to Full-Scale Load Switch EN/SET (1V/div) EN/SET (1V/div) OUT (2V/div) OUT (2V/div) VDIODE (1V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) IIN (200mA/div) IIN (100mA/div) Time (50µs/div) Time (50µs/div) Charge Pump to Load Switch Load Switch to Charge Pump (80mA) (80mA) VIN (10mV/div) VIN (20mV/div) OUT (2V/div) OUT (1V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) VDIODE (1V/div) IIN (100mA/div) IIN (200mV/div) Time (50µs/div) Time (50µs/div) 80mA Load Characteristics Turn-Off VIN 20mV/div EN/SET (1V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) OUT IIN (100mA/div) VDIODE Time (200µs/div) 6 Time (1µs/div) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Functional Block Diagram VIN Soft-Start Control C1+ 1x/1.5x Charge Pump 1MHz Oscillator Voltage Reference C1C2+ C2OUT D1 Current Current Reference Quad Output DAC D2 D3 D4 EN/SET S2Cwire Interface Dual Output DAC 32 x 8 bit ROM D5* D6* *AAT3124 only GND Functional Description The AAT3123/23A/24 is a dual mode load switch (1X) and high efficiency (1.5X) fractional charge pump device intended for white LED backlight applications. The fractional charge pump consists of a low dropout linear voltage regulator followed by a 1.5X charge pump with multiple current-source outputs. To maximize power conversion efficiency, an internal feedback control sensing circuit monitors the voltage required on the constant current source outputs. This control circuit then sets the load switch and charge pump functions based upon the input voltage level versus the output voltage level needed. This function significantly enhances overall device efficiency when the input voltage level is greater than the voltage required at the constant current source outputs. For the AAT3123/23A, the 1X load switch/1.5X charge pump mode is decided on the voltage sensed on the output D1. The AAT3124 bases the 1X load switch/1.5X charge pump mode decision on the voltage levels sensed on either the D1-D4 output group or the D5-D6 output group, whichever is greater. Switchover between the 1.5X (charge-pump) operating mode and the 1X (load switch) mode occurs automatically (as a function of input and output voltages) and does not require user intervention to maintain maximum efficiency. The AAT3123/23A/24 requires only four external components: two 1μF ceramic capacitors for the charge pump flying capacitors (C1 and C2), one 1μF ceramic input capacitor (CIN), and one 0.33μF to 1μF ceramic output capacitor (COUT). The LDO/1.5X charge pump output is converted into four (D1 to D4) or six (D1 to D4 and D5 to D6) constant current outputs to drive four or six individual LEDs with a maximum current of 20mA each. The current source output magnitude is controlled by the EN/ SET serial data S2Cwire interface. The interface records rising edges of the EN/SET pin and decodes them into 32 individual current level settings each 1dB apart (see Table 1, Current Level Settings). Code 32 is full scale, and Code 1 is full scale attenuated by 31dB. The modulo 32 interface wraps states back to State 1 after the 32nd clock. With each EN/SET pulse, the output current increases by 1dB. To decrease the output current by 1dB, 31 EN/SET clock pulses are required. The counter can be clocked at speeds up to 1MHz, so intermediate states are not visible. The first rising edge of EN/SET enables the IC and initially sets the output LED current to -31dB, the lowest setting equal to 525μA. Once the final clock cycle is input for the desired brightness level, the EN/SET pin is held high to maintain the device output current at the programmed level. The device is disabled 500μs after the EN/SET pin transitions to a logic low state. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 7 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Applications Information Constant Current Output Level Settings The constant current source output amplitude for outputs D1 to D6 are set via the serial interface according to a logarithmic scale where each code is 1dB greater than the previous code. In this manner, LED brightness appears linear with each increasing code count. Because the outputs D1 to D6 are true independent constant current sources, the voltage observed on any single given output will be determined by the actual forward voltage (VF) for the LED being driven. Since the output current of the AAT3123/23A/24 is programmable through its single-wire serial interface, no PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional control circuitry is needed to control LED brightness. This feature greatly reduces the burden on a microcontroller or system IC to manage LED or display brightness, allowing the user to “set it and forget it.” Furthermore, with its high-speed serial interface (1MHz data rate), the output current of the AAT3123/23A/24 can changed successively to brighten or dim LEDs in smooth transitions (e.g., to fade-out) or in abrupt steps, giving the user complete programmability and real-time control of LED brightness. Code IOUT (mA) Code IOUT (mA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0.549 0.627 0.706 0.784 0.863 1.020 1.098 1.255 1.412 1.569 1.804 1.961 2.275 2.510 2.824 3.137 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3.529 4.000 4.471 5.020 5.647 6.353 7.059 7.922 8.941 10.039 11.216 12.627 14.118 15.843 17.804 20.000 Table 1: Constant Current Source Output Programming Levels (mA). Normalized Output Current Settings 1.0 Normalized I OUT (D1 to D6) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Code 8 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications EN/SET Serial Interface The current source output magnitude is controlled by the EN/SET pin, using Skyworks' Simple Serial Control (S2Cwire) interface. The interface records rising edges of the EN/SET pin, and decodes them into 32 individual current level settings each 1dB apart. Code 32 is full scale, and Code 1 is full scale attenuated by 31dB. The modulo 32 interface wraps states back to State 1 after the 32nd clock, so 1dB of attenuation is achieved by clocking the EN/SET pin 31 times. The counter can be clocked at speeds up to 1MHz, so intermediate states are not visible. The first rising edge of EN/SET enables the IC and initially sets the output LED current to -31dB, the lowest setting equal to 525μA. Once the final clock cycle is input for the desired brightness level, the EN/SET pin is held high to maintain the device output current at the programmed level. The device is disabled 500μs after the EN/ SET pin transitions to a logic low state. The EN/SET timing is designed to accommodate a wide range of data rates. After the first rising edge of EN/SET, the charge pump is enabled and reaches full capacity after the soft-start time (tSS). During the soft-start time, multiple clock pulses may be entered on the EN/SET pin to set the final output current level with a single burst of clocks. Alternatively, the EN/SET clock pulses may be entered one at a time to gradually increase LED brightness over any desired time period. A constant current is sourced as long as EN/SET remains in a logic high state. The current source outputs are switched off after EN/SET has remained in a low state for at least the tOFF timeout period. LED Selection The AAT3123/23A/24 is specifically intended for driving white LEDs. However, the device design will allow the AAT3123/23A/24 to drive most types of LEDs with forward voltage specifications ranging from 2.0V to 4.3V. LED applications may include main and sub-LCD display backlighting, camera photo-flash applications, color (RGB) LEDs, infrared (IR) diodes for remotes, and other loads benefiting from a controlled output current generated from a varying input voltage. Since the D1 to D6 output current sources are matched with negligible voltage dependence, LED brightness will be matched regardless of the specific LED forward voltage (VF) levels. In some instances (e.g., in high luminous output applications such as photo flash), it may be necessary to drive high-VF type LEDs. The low-dropout current sources in the AAT3123/23A/24 make it capable of driving LEDs with forward voltages as high as 4.3V at full current from an input supply as low as 3.0V. Outputs can be paralleled to drive high-current LEDs without complication. Device Switching Noise Performance The AAT3123/23A/24 operates at a fixed frequency of approximately 1MHz to control noise and limit harmonics that can interfere with the RF operation of cellular telephone handsets or other communication devices. Backinjected noise appearing on the input pin of the charge pump is 20mV peak-to-peak, typically ten times less than inductor-based DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight solutions. The AAT3123/23A/24 soft-start feature prevents noise transient effects associated with inrush currents during start-up of the charge pump circuit. Power Efficiency and Device Evaluation The charge pump efficiency discussion in the following sections only accounts for efficiency of the charge pump section itself. Due to the unique circuit architecture and design of the AAT3123/23A/24, it is very difficult to measure efficiency in terms of a percent value comparing input power over output power. EN/SET Timing tLO tHI tOFF EN/SET Code OFF 1 2 3 OFF Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 9 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Since the AAT3123/23A/24 outputs are pure constant current sources and typically drive individual loads, it is difficult to measure the output voltage for a given output (D1 to D6) to derive an overall output power measurement. For any given application, white LED forward voltage levels can differ, yet the output drive current will be maintained as a constant. This makes quantifying output power a difficult task when taken in the context of comparing to other white LED driver circuit topologies. A better way to quantify total device efficiency is to observe the total input power to the device for a given LED current drive level. The best white LED driver for a given application should be based on trade-offs of size, external component count, reliability, operating range, and total energy usage...not just % efficiency. The AAT3123/23A/24 efficiency may be quantified under very specific conditions and is dependent upon the input voltage versus the output voltage seen across the loads applied to outputs D1 through D4 or D6 for a given constant current setting. Depending upon the case of VIN being greater than the specific voltage seen across the load on D1 (or D5 when the AAT3124 is used) the device will operate in load switch mode. If the voltage seen on the constant current source output is less than VIN, then the device will operate in 1.5X charge pump mode. Each of these two modes will yield different efficiency values. Refer to the following two sections for explanations of each operational mode. Load Switch Mode Efficiency The AAT3123/23A/24 load switch mode is operational at all times and functions alone to enhance device power conversion efficiency when the condition exists where VIN is greater than voltage across the load connected to the constant current source outputs. When in load switch mode, the voltage conversion efficiency is defined as output power divided by input power: η= POUT PIN The expression to define the ideal efficiency () can be rewritten as: P V ∙I V η = OUT = OUT OUT = OUT VIN ∙ IOUT VIN PIN 10 -or- η(%) = 100 ⎛ VOUT ⎞ ⎝ VIN ⎠ Charge Pump Section Efficiency The AAT3123/23A/24 contains a fractional charge pump which will boost the input supply voltage in the event where VIN is less than the voltage required on the constant current source outputs. The efficiency () can be simply defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to one and one half times the input voltage. Efficiency () for an ideal 1.5X charge pump can typically be expressed as the output power divided by the input power: η= POUT PIN In addition, with an ideal 1.5X charge pump, the output current may be expressed as 2/3 of the input current. The expression to define the ideal efficiency () can be rewritten as: η= POUT VOUT ∙ IOUT V = = OUT PIN VIN ∙ 1.5IOUT 1.5VIN -or- η(%) = 100 ⎛ VOUT ⎞ ⎝ 1.5VIN⎠ For a charge pump with an output of 5V and a nominal input of 3.5V, the theoretical efficiency is 95%. Due to internal switching losses and IC quiescent current consumption, the actual efficiency can be measured at 93%. These figures are in close agreement for output load conditions from 1mA to 100mA. Efficiency will decrease as load current drops below 0.05mA or when the level of VIN approaches VOUT. Refer to the Typical Characteristics section of this datasheet for measured plots of efficiency versus input voltage and output load current for the given charge pump output voltage options. Capacitor Selection Careful selection of the four external capacitors CIN, C1, C2, and COUT is important because they will affect turn-on time, output ripple, and transient performance. Optimum performance will be obtained when low equivalent series Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitors are used. In general, low ESR may be defined as less than 100m. A value of 1μF for all four capacitors is a good starting point when choosing capacitors. If the LED current sources are only programmed for light current levels, then the capacitor size may be decreased. Capacitor Characteristics Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended over all other types of capacitors for use with the AAT3123/23A/24. Ceramic capacitors offer many advantages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor typically has very low ESR, is lowest cost, has a smaller PCB footprint, and is non-polarized. Low ESR ceramic capacitors help to maximize charge pump transient response. Since ceramic capacitors are non-polarized, they are not prone to incorrect connection damage. Equivalent Series Resistance ESR is an important characteristic to consider when selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal to a capacitor that is caused by the leads, internal connections, size or area, material composition, and ambient temperature. Capacitor ESR is typically measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Ceramic Capacitor Materials Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1μF are typically made from NPO or C0G materials. NPO and C0G materials typically have tight tolerance and are stable over temperature. Large capacitor values are typically composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors, typically greater than 2.2μF, are often available in low-cost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics, but capacitors greater than 1μF are typically not required for AAT3123/23A/24 applications. Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR. Capacitors that are physically large will have a lower ESR when compared to an equivalent material smaller capacitor. These larger devices can improve circuit transient response when compared to an equal value capacitor in a smaller package size. Test Current/Channel Disable Each channel of the output is equipped with test current function. A small amount of current (~2μA) is injected into each output current source to detect the presence of load (LED). Unused channels, except channel 1 of AAT3123/23A and channel 5 of AAT3124, should be left open and will be automatically disabled instead of wasting the programmed output current. The test current in the AAT3123A is higher (~150μA) to accommodate LEDs with lower impedance in failure mode. Thermal Protection The AAT3123/23A/24 has a thermal protection circuit that will shut down the internal LDO and charge pump if the die temperature rises above the thermal limit, as is the case during a short-circuit of the OUT pin. Driving Multiple LEDs, White LED Display Module Backlights, and Individual LEDs Connected in Parallel The AAT3123/23A/24 D1 to D6 outputs are true constant current sources capable of driving up to 20mA each over the operation input voltage range. Since these outputs are true constant current sources, they may be connected in parallel to drive a single power output. Any combination of outputs (D1 to D6) may be connected in parallel. The maximum total output current is a sum of how many current sources are parallel connected. This feature is particularly useful to power pre-manufactured display modules which are pre-wired with white LED backlights connected in a parallel circuit configuration. Any combination of outputs may be connected in parallel to drive groups of LEDs. The AAT3123 internal current source reference circuit bases feedback from current sensed on the D1 output. The AAT3124 internal current source reference circuit bases feedback from current sensed on the D1 and D5 outputs. For best operation, the only requirement for this type of application is the output D1 (and/or D5 for the AAT3124) should always be connected to the load circuit. The AAT3124 may be used to drive multiple LEDs having differing forward voltages. Using feedback techniques, the current in D1 to D4 output current sources are referenced to the current in the LED connected to D1. In the AAT3124 (six-output version), the D5 and D6 output cur- Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 11 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications rent sources are referenced to the current in D5, not to D1. If all six LEDs are of similar type, the diodes will be matched in current, maintaining uniform LED brightness despite variations in manufacturer, production, etc. optimally drive each set of LEDs at the programmed current level (see application schematics). The photo flash can be disabled by an N-channel switch connected in series with the photo-flash LED. However, if the diodes are dramatically different in type comprising a mix of high-VF and low-VF LEDs, the AAT3124 has the capability to optimally and simultaneously drive up to four LEDs of one type and up to two LEDs of another type. Such a feature can be useful for driving different color LEDs; driving both display backlight and photo-flash LEDs; or for driving main-LCD and sub-LCD display LED backlights from a single charge pump IC. The AAT3123/23A/24 has only one programmed value of current and does not allow for separate on/off or brightness control of each current source output. This limitation can easily be circumvented by introducing grounded source N-channel MOSFET switches in series with the LEDs to turn any given LED (or bank of LEDs) on or off. The various LEDs can be turned on and off independently, simultaneously, or multiplexed to produce any variety of lighting effects. By reprogramming the current source (via the serial interface) between switching transitions, the brightness of individual LEDs or banks of LEDs can also be controlled. For example, when driving independent RGB LEDs, the green and blue LEDs typically require a high VF to operate (e.g., 3.7V), while the red LED needs a low forward voltage (e.g., 2V). By connecting the green and blue diodes to outputs D1 to D4 and the red diodes to D5 and D6, good control and uniformity in brightness are maintained despite the 2V difference in the diode forward voltages. The AAT3124 determines if the 1.5X charge pump circuit is needed based on the voltage on D1 and D5, whichever is higher. If adequate voltage is available to drive the higher voltage LED (of output D1 or D5) without the charge pump running, the IC automatically switches into step-down (1X) mode to maximize efficiency. Similarly, if a 4V photo-flash LED array is connected to outputs D1 through D4 (with the outputs shorted together) and two 3.3V sub-LCD-display backlight LEDs are connected to outputs D5 and D6, then the AAT3124 can 12 Charge Pump Compatibility The four-output AAT3123 is pin compatible with the AAT3113 in both QFN and TSOPJW packages. The sixoutput AAT3124 is pin compatible with the AAT3114 in the QFN package. Compared to the AAT3113/14, the AAT3123/23A/24 offers an improved overall efficiency, wider operating range, and the ability to drive high-VF LEDs (up to 4.3V) at full current from a 3V input condition. The AAT3123/23A/24 is well suited for batterypowered applications using single-cell lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries (4.2V to 2.8V), lithium-polymer batteries, and 3-series connected dry cells (3.6V). Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Additional Application Circuits VIN C1+ C1 1μF C1C2+ VOUT CIN 1μF VBATTERY AAT3123 AAT3123A C OUT 1μF C2 1μF C2D1 D2 D3 D4 EN/SET EN/SET Display Module D1 GND D2 RB1 D3 RB2 D4 RB3 RB4 Resistor R is optional AAT3123/23A Driving a Display Module with Four Paralleled White LEDs. VIN C1+ C1 1μF C1C2+ VOUT VBATTERY CIN 1μF C OUT 1μF AAT3124 C2 1μF D1 D2 D3 D4 RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 C2- EN/SET EN/SET GND D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Resistor R is optional D5 RB5 D6 RB6 Resistor R is optional AAT3124 Driving Two Groups of Paralleled White LEDs (e.g., main and sub-LCD backlights). Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 13 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Additional Application Circuits (continued) VIN C1+ C1 1μF C1C2+ VOUT CIN VBATTERY C OUT 1μF 1μF C2 1μF AAT3124 C2- EN/SET EN/SET GND D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 RB1* RB2* RB3* RB4* RB5* RB6* Photo-Flash LED Resistor R is optional *In some applications, white LED forward voltages (VF) can vary significantly. Ballast resistors between the LED cathodes and ground are recommended for balancing the forward voltage differences. The ballast resistor value may be approximated by the following equation: RB = VSOURCE - VF IF AAT3124 Driving a High-Current Photo-Flash LED. VIN C1+ C1 1μF C1C2+ VOUT VBATTERY CIN COUT 1μF 1μF AAT3124 C2 1μF C2- EN/SET EN/SET GND D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D1 D5 D2 D3 D4 D6 Enable Display Backlight Enable Keyboard Backlight AAT3124 Driving Two Groups of Paralleled White LEDs (with series N-channel switch). 14 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Additional Application Circuits (continued) VIN C1+ C1 1μF C1C2+ VOUT VBATTERY CIN C OUT 1μF 1μF C2 1μF AAT3124 C2- EN/SET EN/SET GND D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 RED1 RED2 GRN1 GRN2 BLU1 BLU2 Enable Red Enable Green Enable Blue AAT3124 Separately Driving RGB Color LEDs. VIN C1+ C1 1μF C1C2+ VOUT VBATTERY CIN 1μF COUT 1μF AAT3124 C2 1μF C2- EN/SET EN/SET GND D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Common-Anode RGB Color LED RED GRN BLU Enable Red Enable Green Enable Blue AAT3124 Driving Common-Anode RGB Color LED. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 15 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications Ordering Information Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 TSOPJW-12 IRXYY AAT3123ITP-20-T1 TSOPJW-12 OIXYY AAT3123AITP-20-T1 QFN44-16 TSOPJW-14 ISXYY 4BXYY AAT3124ISN-20-T1 AAT3124ITO-20-T1 Description 4-Channel Output 4-Channel Output with Increased Start-Up Current (see “Test Current/Channel Disable” section on page 11) 6-Channel Output 6-Channel Output Skyworks Green™ products are compliant with all applicable legislation and are halogen-free. For additional information, refer to Skyworks Definition of Green™, document number SQ04-0074. Package Information TSOPJW-12 2.85 ± 0.20 2.40 ± 0.10 0.20 + 0.10 - 0.05 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.50 BSC 7° NOM 0.055 ± 0.045 0.04 REF 0.15 ± 0.05 + 0.10 1.00 - 0.065 0.9625 ± 0.0375 3.00 ± 0.10 4° ± 4° 0.45 ± 0.15 0.010 2.75 ± 0.25 All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on all part numbers listed in BOLD. 16 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications QFN44-161 2.400 ± 0.050 16 2.400 ± 0.050 1 C0.3 0.650 BSC 4 8 5 2.280 REF Top View 0.025 ± 0.025 Bottom View 0.214 ± 0.036 0.900 ± 0.100 4.000 ± 0.050 13 9 4.000 ± 0.050 Pin 1 Identification 0.330 ± 0.075 0.550 ± 0.020 Pin 1 Dot By Marking Side View All dimensions in millimeters. 1. The leadless package family, which includes QFN, TQFN, DFN, TDFN and STDFN, has exposed copper (unplated) at the end of the lead terminals due to the manufacturing process. A solder fillet at the exposed copper edge cannot be guaranteed and is not required to ensure a proper bottom solder connection. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013 17 DATA SHEET AAT3123/23A/24 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X Fractional Charge Pump for White LED Applications TSOPJW-14 2.85 ± 0.20 2.40 ± 0.10 0.20 +- 0.10 0.05 0.40 BSC Top View 0.04 REF 0.05 +- 0.05 0.04 Side View 0.15 ± 0.05 + 0.05 1.05 - 0.00 + 0.000 1.00 - 0.075 3.05 +- 0.05 0.10 4° ± 4° 0.45 ± 0.15 2.75 ± 0.25 End View All dimensions in millimeters. Copyright © 2012, 2013 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is provided in connection with Skyworks Solutions, Inc. (“Skyworks”) products or services. These materials, including the information contained herein, are provided by Skyworks as a service to its customers and may be used for informational purposes only by the customer. Skyworks assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in these materials or the information contained herein. Skyworks may change its documentation, products, services, specifications or product descriptions at any time, without notice. Skyworks makes no commitment to update the materials or information and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts, incompatibilities, or other difficulties arising from any future changes. No license, whether express, implied, by estoppel or otherwise, is granted to any intellectual property rights by this document. 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Additional information, including relevant terms and conditions, posted at www.skyworksinc.com, are incorporated by reference. 18 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202135B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • February 26, 2013