DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications General Description Features The AAT3151 is a low noise, constant frequency charge pump DC/DC converter that uses a tri-mode load switch (1X), fractional (1.5X), and doubling (2X) conversion to maximize efficiency for white LED applications. The AAT3151 is capable of driving four white LEDs at a total of 120mA from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. The current sinks may be operated individually or in parallel for driving higher-current LEDs. A low external parts count (two 1µF flying capacitors and two small 1µF capacitors at VIN and VOUT) makes the AAT3151 ideally suited for small battery-powered applications. •VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V • Fully Programmable Current with Single Wire ▪ 16-Step Logarithmic Scale ▪ 15/20/30mA Max Current ▪ Four Low-Current Settings Down to 50µA ▪ Low IQ (50µA) for Low-Current Mode • Tri-Mode 1X, 1.5X, and 2X Charge Pump for Maximum Efficiency and VF Coverage • Drives Four Channels of LEDs • Individual Main/Sub-Group Control • No Inductors, Low Noise Operation • 1MHz Constant Switching Frequency • Small Application Circuit • Built-In Thermal Protection • Built-In Auto-Disable for Short-Circuit • Automatic Soft Start •IQ <1µA in Shutdown • TDFN33-12 or STDFN33-12 Package Skyworks' AS2Cwire™ (Advanced Simple Serial Control™) serial digital input is used to enable, disable, and set current for each LED with a 16-level logarithmic scale plus four low-current settings down to 50µA for optimized efficiency, with a low housekeeping current of only 50µA. The charge pump output of the AAT3151 is equipped with built-in protection for VOUT. Each current sink input has short-circuit and auto-disable to guard against LED failure conditions. Built-in soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current during start-up. A low-current shutdown feature disconnects the load from VIN and reduces quiescent current to less than 1µA. Applications • Color (RGB) Lighting • Programmable Current Sinks • White LED Backlighting • White Photo Flash for Digital Still Cameras The AAT3151 is available in a Pb-free, space-saving, thermally-enhanced, 12-pin 3x3mm TDFN package, or in the lower-profile STDFN package. Typical Application VIN 2.7V to 5.5V C1+ C1 1µF CIN 1µF C1C2+ C2 1µF AAT3151 C2- MAIN SUB VOUT D1 EN/SET D2 D3 D4 COUT 1µF D1 EN/SET D2 D3 GND D4 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 1 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Pin Descriptions Pin # Symbol 1 2 3 4 D4 EN/SET C1+ C1- 5 VOUT 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 EP C2+ C2VIN GND D1 D2 D3 Function Current sink input #4. AS2Cwire serial interface control pin. Flying capacitor 1 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1+ and C1-. Flying capacitor 1 negative terminal. Charge pump output to drive load circuit. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Flying capacitor 2 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C2+ and C2-. Flying capacitor 2 negative terminal. Input power supply. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Ground. Current sink input #1. Current sink input #2. Current sink input #3. Exposed paddle (bottom). Connect to GND directly beneath package. Pin Configuration TDFN33-12/STDFN33-12 (Top View) D4 EN/SET C1+ C1VOUT C2+ 2 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 8 6 7 D3 D2 D1 GND VIN C2- Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol VIN VEN/SET IOUT2 TJ TLEAD Description Input Voltage EN/SET to GND Voltage Maximum DC Output Current Operating Junction Temperature Range Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) Value Units -0.3 to 6 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 150 -40 to 150 300 V V mA °C °C Value Units 2.0 50 W °C/W Thermal Information3 Symbol PD qJA Description Maximum Power Dissipation4 Maximum Thermal Resistance 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Based on long-term current density limitation. 3. Mounted on an FR4 board. 4. Derate 20mW/°C above 25°C. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 3 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Electrical Characteristics1 CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1.0µF; TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = 25°C, VIN = 3.5V. Symbol Description Conditions Input Power Supply VIN Operation Range ICC ISHDN IDX Operating Current Shutdown Current ISINK Current Accuracy2 Current Matching Between Any Two I(D-Match) Current Sink Inputs3, 4 1X to 1.5X or 1.5X to 2X Transition VTH Threshold at Any ISINK Pin Charge Pump Section TSS Soft-Start Time FCLK Clock Frequency EN/SET VIL Enable Threshold Low VIH Enable Threshold High TEN/SET LO EN/SET Low Time TEN/SET_HI_MIN Minimum EN/SET High Time TEN/SET_HI_MAX Maximum EN/SET High Time TOFF EN/SET Off Timeout5 TLAT EN/SET Latch Timeout6 IEN/SET EN/SET Input Leakage Min Typ 2.7 1X Mode, 3.0 £ VIN £ 5.5, Active, No Load Current 1.5X Mode, 3.0 £ VIN £ 5.5, Active, No Load Current 2X Mode, 3.0 £ VIN £ 5.5, Active, No Load Current 50µA Setting, 1X Mode EN/SET = 0 ISET = 30mA, TA = 25°C Max Units 5.5 V 0.3 1 1 3 2.0 3.7 50 27 30 1 33 mA µA µA mA VF:D1:D4 = 3.6V 0.5 % ISET = 20mA 150 mV 100 1000 µs kHz VIN = 2.7V VIN = 5.5V 0.4 1.4 0.3 75 50 -1 75 500 500 1 V V µs ns µs µs µs µA 1. The AAT3151 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2. Determined by the average of all active channels. 3. Current matching is defined as the deviation of any sink current at IOUT = 20mA and 2mA. 4. Specification applies only to the tri-mode charge pump. 5. The EN/SET pin must remain logic low (less than VIL) for the duration of longer than 500µs to guarantee the off timeout. 6. The EN/SET pin must remain logic high (greater than VIH) for the duration of longer than 500µs to guarantee the latch timeout. 4 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Typical Characteristics Efficiency vs. Supply Voltage Turn-On to 1X Mode (VIN = 4.2V; 20mA Load) 100 4.1mA VF = 2.9V 90 Efficiency (%) 80 EN (2V/div) 70 60 CP (2V/div) 50 40 10.2mA VF = 3.1V 1mA VF = 2.7V 30 VSINK (500mV/div) IIN (200mA/div) 20mA VF = 3.4V 20 10 0 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 Time (100µs/div) Supply Voltage (V) Turn-On to 1.5X Mode Turn-On to 2X Mode (VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load) EN (2V/div) (VIN = 2.8V; 20mA Load) EN (2V/div)+85°C +25°C CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) IIN (200mA/div) IIN (200mA/div) Time (100µs/div) Time (100µs/div) Current Matching vs. Temperature Turn-Off from 1.5X Mode (VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load) 20.4 EN (2V/div) Channel 2 Current (mA) 20.2 VF (1V/div) IIN (100mA/div) 20.0 Channel 4 19.8 Channel 3 19.6 Channel 1 19.4 19.2 19.0 Time (500µs/div) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Temperature (°C) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 5 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Typical Characteristics Load Characteristics Load Characteristics (VIN = 3.7V; 1.5X Mode; 15mA Load) (VIN = 2.7V; 2X Mode; 15mA Load) VIN (40mV/div) VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div) Time (500ns/div) Time (500ns/div) Load Characteristics Load Characteristics (VIN = 3.9V; 1.5X Mode; 20mA Load) (VIN = 2.9V; 2X Mode; 20mA Load) VIN (40mV/div) VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div) Time (500ns/div) Time (500ns/div) Load Characteristics Load Characteristics (VIN = 4.2V; 1.5X Mode; 30mA Load) (VIN = 3.2V; 2X Mode; 30mA Load) VIN (40mV/div) VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div) Time (500ns/div) 6 Time (500ns/div) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Typical Characteristics 400 350 300 -40°C 250 200 150 25°C 100 85°C 50 0 350 300 -40°C 250 200 150 25°C 100 85°C 50 0 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) Input Ripple vs. Input Voltage Enable Threshold High vs. Input Voltage Enable Threshold High (V) 18 16 Amplitude (mV) EN/SET Off Timeout vs. Input Voltage EN/SET Off Timeout (µs) EN/SET Latch Timeout (µs) EN/SET Latch Timeout vs. Input Voltage 10 1.1 +25°C1 14 12 1.2 20mA 30mA 8 6 4 10.2mA 2 0 2.50 2.67 2.84 3.01 3.18 3.35 3.52 3.69 3.86 4.03 4.20 Input Voltage (V) 0.9 +85°C -40°C 0.8 0.7 0.6 25°C 85°C 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Enable Threshold Low (V) Enable Threshold Low vs. Input Voltage 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 -40°C 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 25°C 85°C 0.4 0.3 0.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 7 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Functional Block Diagram C1+ C1- C2+ C2- 1X, 1.5X and 2X Charge Pump VIN VOUT Soft-Start Control 1MHz Oscillator Voltage Reference 6 x 16 bit ROM EN/SET AS 2 Cwire Interface 6 x 16 bit ROM D/A D1 D/A D2 D/A D3 D/A D4 GND Functional Description The AAT3151 is a tri-mode load switch (1X) and high efficiency (1.5X or 2X) charge pump device intended for white LED backlight applications. To maximize power conversion efficiency, an internal sensing circuit monitors the voltage required on each constant current sink input and sets the load switch and charge pump modes based on the input battery voltage and the current sink input voltage. As the battery discharges over time, the AAT3151 charge pump is enabled when any of the four current sinks near dropout. The charge pump initially starts in 1.5X mode. If the charge pump output drops enough for any current sink to become close to dropout, the charge pump will automatically transition to 2X mode. The AAT3151 requires only four external components: two 1µF ceramic capacitors for the charge pump flying capacitors (C1 and C2), one 1µF ceramic input capacitor (CIN), and one 1µF ceramic charge pump output capacitor (COUT). The AAT3151 constant current sinks can drive four individual LEDs with a maximum current of 30mA per channel. The AS2Cwire serial interface enables the AAT3151 and sets the constant current sink magnitudes. AS2Cwire 8 addressing allows the LED main channels D1-D3 to be controlled independently from the LED sub-channel D4. Constant Current Output Level Settings The constant current level for the LED channels is set via the AS2Cwire serial interface according to a logarithmic scale. In this manner, LED brightness appears to change linearly when the settings in the scale are traversed. Because the inputs D1 to D4 are true independent constant current sinks, the voltage observed on any single given input will be determined by the difference between VOUT and the actual forward voltage (VF) of the LED being driven. Since the constant current levels for the AAT3151 are programmable, no PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional control circuitry are needed to control LED brightness. This feature greatly reduces the burden on a microcontroller or system IC to manage LED or display brightness, allowing the user to “set it and forget it.” With its high-speed serial interface (>1MHz data rate), the LED current drive can be changed successively to brighten or dim LEDs in smooth transitions (e.g., to fade out) or in abrupt steps, giving the user complete programmability and real-time control of LED brightness. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications For each Max Current scale, there are 16 current level settings separated from one another by approximately 1dB. Code 1 is full-scale current and Code 15 is full-scale current attenuated by roughly 14dB. Code 16 is reserved as a “no current” setting (see Table 1). The AAT3151 has an additional Low Current mode with reduced quiescent current. This mode is especially useful for low-current applications where a continuous, lowcurrent state is maintained. The reduction in quiescent current significantly reduces the impact due to maintaining a continuous backlighting state. Data 20mA Max1 IOUT (mA) 30mA Max IOUT (mA) 15mA Max IOUT (mA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20.0 17.8 15.9 14.3 12.7 11.1 10.2 8.9 7.9 7.0 6.3 5.7 5.1 4.4 4.1 0.0 30.0 26.7 23.8 21.4 19.0 16.7 15.2 13.3 11.9 10.5 9.5 8.6 7.6 6.7 6.2 0.0 15.0 13.3 11.9 10.7 9.5 8.3 7.6 6.7 6.0 5.2 4.8 4.3 3.8 3.3 3.1 0.0 Table 1: Constant Current Programming Levels (mA)2. AS2Cwire Serial Interface The AS2Cwire single wire interface is used to set the possible combinations of current levels and LED channel states. AS2Cwire has addressing capability for multiple data registers. With multiple data registers, the AAT3151 main and sub-channels can be programmed together or independently from one another. AS2Cwire relies on the number of rising edges of the EN/ SET pin to address and load the registers. AS2Cwire latches data or address after the EN/SET pin has been held high for time TLAT. Address or data is differentiated by the number of EN/SET rising edges. Since the data registers are 4 bits each, the differentiating number of pulses is 24 or 16, so that Address 1 is signified by 17 rising edges, Address 2 by 18 rising edges, and so forth. Data is set to any number of rising edges between 1 and including 16. A typical write protocol is a burst of EN/SET rising edges, signifying a particular address, followed by a pause with EN/SET held high for the TLAT timeout period, a burst of rising edges signifying data, and a TLAT timeout for the data registers. Once an address is set, then multiple writes to the corresponding data register are allowed. When EN/SET is held low for an amount of time greater than TOFF, the AAT3151 enters shutdown mode and draws less than 1µA from the supply. Address 1 is the default address on the first rising edge after the AAT3151 has been disabled. Whenever shutdown mode is entered, all registers are reset to 1. AS2Cwire Addressing Five addresses are available to enable all of the part’s functionality. Two 4-bit registers control the main and sub-channel, giving 16 settings for each. The main and sub-channel are programmed to the same constant current level by using Address 1. Use Addresses 2 and 3 to program the main and sub-channel independently. Use Address 4 to program the Max Current register, which sets the Max Current scale. Address 5 programs the Low Current register. The Low Current register controls the efficient Low Current mode. When the Max Current register is programmed to 1, 2, or 3, changing the data for Addresses 1-3 will result in the corresponding values found in the Constant Current Programming Levels table. When the Max Current register is programmed to 4, the part is programmed to operate in Low Current mode and the Data for Addresses 1-3 is irrelevant. In Low Current mode, the Low Current register takes precedence. See Table 2 for the current level settings and main/sub-configurations that result. 1. The device defaults to the 20mA Max scale. Use the Max Current Register to change the Max Scale. 2. There is an additional Low Current mode with currents down to 50μA. See the Low Current Register Settings section. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 9 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications AS Cwire Serial Interface Timing 2 Address Data T HI T LO TLAT TLAT EN/SET 1 2 17 18 1 2... 1 Address 2 Data Reg 1 1 Data Reg 2 1 Address EN/SET Edges Addressed Register 1 2 3 4 17 18 19 20 1&2: D1-D4 Current 1: D1-D3 Current 2: D4 Current 3: Max Current Table 2: Low Current Register Settings. Max Current and Low Current Registers Use the Max Current and Low Current registers to program constant current settings outside of the 20mA Max scale. By default (without changing the Max Current register), the AAT3151 operates in the 20mA Max scale (see Constant Current Programming Levels). For example, to change to the 30mA Max scale, address the Max Current register with 20 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Program the Max Current register with 2 rising edges and pause for TLAT. The part will next operate in the same Data row, but for the setting found in the 30mA Max column. Next, to change to a different setting on the 30mA Max scale, address the D1-D4 register with 17 rising edges. Program the new constant current level with n <= 16 n 1-16 rising edges. The part will update to the new Data setting according to the Constant Current Programming Levels table. The AAT3151 has a distinct Low Current mode with ultralow quiescent current. For drive currents of 2mA or less, the part operates with significantly reduced quiescent current. This is particularly useful for applications requiring an “always on” condition, such as transmissive displays. As an example, to change to Low Current mode, address the Max Current register with 20 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Program the Max Current register with 4 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Address the Low Current register with 21 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Program the Low Current register with 1-16 rising edges. The part will update to the new Low Current mode setting and operate with significantly reduced quiescent current. Data Max Current 1 2 3 4 20mA Max Scale 30mA Max Scale 15mA Max Scale Low Current Mode1 Table 3: Max Current Register Settings—Address 4. 1. Low Current mode requires the Max Current register to be set to Low Current Mode. Low Current mode is unaffected by the settings for Addresses 1-3. 10 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Data D1-D3 (mA) D4 (mA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.5 1 2 0.05 0.5 1 2 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.5 1 2 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.5 1 2 Table 4: Low Current Register Setting - Address 5. Disabled Current Sinks Current sink inputs that are not used should be disabled. To disable and properly terminate unused current sink inputs, they must be tied to VOUT. If left unconnected or terminated to ground, the part will be forced to operate in 2X charge pump mode. Properly terminating unused current sink inputs is important to prevent the charge pump modes from prematurely activating. When properly terminated, only a small sense current flows for each disabled channel. The sense current for each disabled channel is 120µA. The AAT3151 is also equipped with an “auto-disable” feature to protect against an LED failure condition. Thermal Protection The AAT3151 has a thermal protection circuit that will shut down the charge pump if the die temperature rises above the thermal limit, as is the case during a shortcircuit of the VOUT pin. Applications Information LED Selection The AAT3151 is specifically intended for driving white LEDs. However, the device design will allow the AAT3151 to drive most types of LEDs with forward voltage specifications ranging from 2.0V to 4.3V. LED applications may include main and sub-LCD display backlighting, camera photo-flash applications, color (RGB) LEDs, infrared (IR) diodes for remotes, and other loads benefiting from a regulated output current generated from a varying input voltage. Since the D1 to D4 constant current sinks are matched with negligible voltage dependence, the LED brightness will be matched regardless of the specific LED forward voltage (VF) levels. In some instances (e.g., in high luminous output applications such as photo flash), it may be necessary to drive high-VF type LEDs. The low dropout current sinks in the AAT3151 make it capable of driving LEDs with forward voltages as high as 4.3V at full current from an input supply as low as 3.0V. Current sinks can be paralleled to drive high-current LEDs without complication. Device Switching Noise Performance The AAT3151 operates at a fixed frequency of approximately 1MHz to control noise and limit harmonics that can interfere with the RF operation of cellular telephone handsets or other communication devices. Back-injected noise appearing on the input pin of the charge pump is 20mV peak-to-peak, typically ten times less than inductor-based DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight solutions. The AAT3151 soft-start feature prevents noise transient effects associated with inrush currents during start-up of the charge pump circuit. Power Efficiency and Device Evaluation The charge pump efficiency discussion in the following sections only accounts for the efficiency of the charge pump section itself. Due to the unique circuit architecture and design of the AAT3151, it is very difficult to measure efficiency in terms of a percent value comparing input power over output power. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 11 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Since the AAT3151 inputs are pure constant current sinks and typically drive individual loads, it is difficult to measure the output voltage for a given input (D1 to D4) to derive an overall output power measurement. For any given application, white LED forward voltage levels can differ, yet the load drive current will be maintained as a constant. This makes quantifying output power a difficult task when taken in the context of comparing to other white LED driver circuit topologies. A better way to quantify total device efficiency is to observe the total input power to the device for a given LED current drive level. The best white LED driver for a given application should be based on trade-offs of size, external component count, reliability, operating range, and total energy usage...not just % efficiency. The AAT3151 efficiency may be quantified under very specific conditions and is dependent upon the input voltage versus the output voltage seen across the loads applied to inputs D1 through D4 for a given constant current setting. Depending on the combination of VIN and voltages sensed at the current sinks, the device will operate in load switch mode. When any one of the voltages sensed at the current sinks nears dropout, the device will operate in 1.5X or 2X charge pump mode. Each of these modes will yield different efficiency values. Refer to the following two sections for explanations for each operational mode. Load Switch Mode Efficiency The AAT3151 load switch mode is operational at all times and functions alone to enhance device power conversion efficiency when VIN is greater than the voltage across the load. When in load switch mode, the voltage conversion efficiency is defined as output power divided by input power: η= POUT PIN The expression to define the ideal efficiency (h) can be rewritten as: η= POUT VOUT · IOUT VOUT = = PIN VIN · IOUT VIN -or- η(%) = 100 12 VOUT VIN Charge Pump Section Efficiency The AAT3151 contains a fractional charge pump that will boost the input supply voltage when VIN is less than the voltage required on the constant current sink inputs. The efficiency (h) can be simply defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to one and one half or two times the input voltage. Efficiency (h) for an ideal 1.5X charge pump can typically be expressed as the output power divided by the input power. η= POUT PIN In addition, with an ideal 1.5X charge pump, the output current may be expressed as 2/3 of the input current. The expression to define the ideal efficiency (h) can be rewritten as: η= POUT VOUT · IOUT VOUT = = PIN VIN · 1.5IOUT 1.5VIN -or- η(%) = 100 VOUT 1.5VIN Capacitor Selection Careful selection of the four external capacitors CIN, C1, C2, and COUT is important because they will affect turn-on time, output ripple, and transient performance. Optimum performance will be obtained when low equivalent series resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitors are used. In general, low ESR may be defined as less than 100mW. A value of 1µF for all four capacitors is a good starting point when choosing capacitors. If the constant current sinks are only programmed for light current levels, then the capacitor size may be decreased. Capacitor Characteristics Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended over all other types of capacitors for use with the AAT3151. Ceramic capacitors offer many advantages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor has very low ESR, is lowest cost, has a smaller PCB footprint, and is non-polarized. Low ESR ceramic capacitors help maximize charge pump transient response. Since ceramic capacitors are non-polarized, they are not prone to incorrect connection damage. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Equivalent Series Resistance Ceramic Capacitor Materials ESR is an important characteristic to consider when selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal to a capacitor that is caused by the leads, internal connections, size or area, material composition, and ambient temperature. Capacitor ESR is typically measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1µF are typically made from NPO or C0G materials. NPO and C0G materials generally have tight tolerance and are very stable over temperature. Larger capacitor values are usually composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors (i.e., greater than 2.2µF) are often available in low-cost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics, but capacitors greater than 1µF are not typically required for AAT3151 applications. Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR. Capacitors that are physically large will have a lower ESR when compared to an equivalent material smaller capacitor. These larger devices can improve circuit transient response when compared to an equal value capacitor in a smaller package size. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 13 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications Ordering Information Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 TDFN33-12 STDFN33-12 NLXYY URXYY AAT3151IWP-T1 AAT3151IFP-T1 Skyworks Green™ products are compliant with all applicable legislation and are halogen-free. For additional information, refer to Skyworks Definition of Green™, document number SQ04-0074. Package Information3 TDFN33-12 Index Area 0.43 ± 0.05 0.1 REF C0.3 0.45 ± 0.05 2.40 ± 0.05 3.00 ± 0.05 Detail "A" 3.00 ± 0.05 1.70 ± 0.05 Top View Bottom View 0.23 ± 0.05 Pin 1 Indicator (optional) 0.05 ± 0.05 0.23 ± 0.05 0.75 ± 0.05 Detail "A" Side View All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. 3.The leadless package family, which includes QFN, TQFN, DFN, TDFN and STDFN, has exposed copper (unplated) at the end of the lead terminals due to the manufacturing process. A solder fillet at the exposed copper edge cannot be guaranteed and is not required to ensure a proper bottom solder connection. 14 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 DATA SHEET AAT3151 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications STDFN33-12 Detail "B" 2.40 ± 0.05 3.00 ± 0.05 Index Area 0.42 ± 0.05 1.70 ± 0.05 Top View Bottom View R0.2 0.45 BSC 3.00 ± 0.05 Detail "A" Pin 1 Indicator (Optional) 0.05 ± 0.05 Side View 0.150 ± 0.025 0.55 ± 0.05 0.23 ± 0.05 0.1 REF (Optional) C0.30 (4x) Max Chamfered Corner (Optional) Detail "B" Detail "A" All dimensions in millimeters. Copyright © 2012 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is provided in connection with Skyworks Solutions, Inc. (“Skyworks”) products or services. These materials, including the information contained herein, are provided by Skyworks as a service to its customers and may be used for informational purposes only by the customer. Skyworks assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in these materials or the information contained herein. Skyworks may change its documentation, products, services, specifications or product descriptions at any time, without notice. Skyworks makes no commitment to update the materials or information and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts, incompatibilities, or other difficulties arising from any future changes. No license, whether express, implied, by estoppel or otherwise, is granted to any intellectual property rights by this document. 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SKYWORKS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, STATUTORY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST REVENUES OR LOST PROFITS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE USE OF THE MATERIALS OR INFORMATION, WHETHER OR NOT THE RECIPIENT OF MATERIALS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Skyworks products are not intended for use in medical, lifesaving or life-sustaining applications, or other equipment in which the failure of the Skyworks products could lead to personal injury, death, physical or environmental damage. Skyworks customers using or selling Skyworks products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Skyworks for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using Skyworks products, which may deviate from published specifications as a result of design defects, errors, or operation of products outside of published parameters or design specifications. Customers should include design and operating safeguards to minimize these and other risks. Skyworks assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, or damage to any equipment resulting from the use of Skyworks products outside of stated published specifications or parameters. Skyworks, the Skyworks symbol, and “Breakthrough Simplicity” are trademarks or registered trademarks of Skyworks Solutions, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Third-party brands and names are for identification purposes only, and are the property of their respective owners. Additional information, including relevant terms and conditions, posted at www.skyworksinc.com, are incorporated by reference. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 202143A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 6, 2012 15