Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 PQ1CF2 TO-220 Type Chopper Regulator ■ ■ Features Maximum switching current:1.5A Built-in ON/OFF control function ● Built-in soft start function ● Built-in oscillation circuit (oscillation frequency: TYP.100kHz) ● Built-in overheat protection, overcurrent protection function ● TO-220 package ● Variable output voltage (Vref to 35V/-Vref to-30V) [Possible to choose step down output/inversing output according to external connection circuit] (Unit : mm) Outline Dimensions ● ● 4.5±0.2 10.2MAX 2.8±0.2 5–0.8±0.1 16.4±0.7 (0.5) 3.2±0.5 (5.0) 4–(1.7) ■ 2.0 (1.5) 5.0±0.5 PQ1CF2 4.4MIN (24.6) 7.4±0.2 3.6±0.2 φ3.2±0.1 Applications 8.2±0.7 Switching power supplies ● Facsimiles ● Printers ● Personal computers ● ■ Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter ❇1 ❇2 ❇3 ❇4 1 2 3 4 5 Input voltage Error input voltage Input-output voltage Output-COM voltage ON/OFF control valtage Switching current Power dissipation (No heat sink) Power dissipation (With infinite heat sink) Junction temperature Operating temperature Storage temperature Soldering temperature ❇1 Voltage between VIN terminal and COM terminal. ❇2 Voltage between VOUT terminal and COM terminal. ❇3 Voltage between VC terminal and COM terminal. ❇4 Overheat protection may operate at 125<=Tj<=150˚C 1 2 3 4 5 VIN VOUT COM OADJ ON/OFF control terminal(VC) (Ta=25˚C) Symbol VIN VADJ Vi-o VOUT VC ISW PD1 PD2 Tj Topr Tstg Tsol Rating 40 7 41 –1 –0.3 to 40 1.5 1.5 15 150 –20 to+80 –40 to+150 260(For 10s) Unit V V V V V A W W ˚C ˚C ˚C ˚C • Please refer to the chapter " Handling Precautions ". Notice In the absence of confirmation by device specification sheets,SHARP takes no responsibility for any defects that may occur in equipment using any SHARP devices shown in catalogs,data books,etc.Contact SHARP in order to obtain the latest device specification sheets before using any SHARP device. Internet Internet address for Electronic Components Group http://sharp-world.com/ecg/ Chopper Regulators ■ PQ1CF2 Electrical Characteristics (Unless otherwise specified, conditions shall be VIN=12V, IO=0.2A, VO=5Vt terminal is open. Ta=25˚C) Parameter Output saturation voltage Reference voltage Reference voltage temperature fluctuation Load regulation Line regulation Efficiency Oscillation frequency Oscillation frequency temperature fluctuation Maximum duty Overcurrent detecting level Charge current Symbol Vsat Vref ∆Vref | RegL | | RegI | η fo ∆fo DMAX IL ICHG VTHL VTHH VTHON ISD Iqs Input threshold voltage On threshold voltage Stand-by current Output OFF-state dissipation current ■ Conditions IO=1A,No L,D,CO –– Tj=0 to 125˚C IO=0.2 to 1A VIN=8 to 35V IO=1A –– Tj=0 to 125˚C r terminal is open No L,D,CO wr terminal is open Duty=0%, rterminal=0V, tterminal Duty=DMAX, rterminal is open. tterminal rterminal=0V,tterminal VIN=40V, rterminal=0V VIN=40V, tterminal=3V TYP. 0.9 1.26 ±0.5 0.1 0.5 82 100 ±6 –– 2.0 –10 2.25 3.55 1.4 150 8 MAX. 1.5 1.285 –– 1.5 2.5 –– 120 –– –– 2.6 –5 2.55 3.85 1.75 400 12 Unit V V % % % % kHz % % A µA V V V µA mA Block Diagram VIN 1 MIN. –– 1.235 –– –– –– –– 80 –– 90 1.55 –15 1.95 3.25 1.05 –– –– Voltage regulator ON/OFF circuit 2 VOUT 5 VC 4 OADJ ↓ PWM COMP. F/F Oscillator Overcurrent detection circuit Soft start + – Q R S – + Vref Overheat detection circuit 3 COM Fig. 1 Test Circuit 2 1 PQ1CF2 A VIN R2 5 + 3 CIN 100µF A ICHG D R1 1kΩ IO + CO 470µF VO Load L 2.2nF 210µH L : HK-14D100-2110(made by Toho Co.) D : ERC80-004(made by Fuji electronics Co.) Power dissipation PD (W) 20 4 ISD IQS ;; ;; ;; ;; Fig. 2 Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature 15 10 5 PD1 :No heat sink PD2 :With infinite heat sink PD2 PD1 0 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ambient temperature Ta (˚C) Note) Oblique line portion : Overheat protection may operate in this area. Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 Fig. 3 Overcurrent Protection Characteristics (Typical Value) Ta=25˚C Output voltage Vo (V) 6 5 VIN=12V Vo=5V CIN=100µF Co=470µF L=210µH 100 Tj=25˚C VO=12V, IO=1.0A 90 Efficiency η (%) 7 Fig. 4 Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 4 3 2 80 VO=12V, IO=0.2A 70 VO=5V, IO=1.0A 60 VO=5V, IO=0.2A 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Output current Io (A) 3.5 50 4 Fig. 5 Switching Current vs. Output Saturation Voltage 0 10 20 30 Input voltage VIN (V) Fig. 6 Stand-by Current vs. Input Voltage 2.5 250 2.0 Stand-by current ISD (µA) Switching current ISW (A) Tj=25˚C 1.5 1.0 0.5 Tj=25˚C CIN=100µF CO=470µF L=210µH Vc=0V 200 150 100 50 0 0 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Output saturation voltage VSAT (V) Fig. 7 Load Regulation vs. Output Current 1 0.5 5 0 –0.5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Input voltage VIN (V) 40 Fig. 8 Line Regulation vs. Input Voltage 1 Tj=25˚C VIN=12V Vo=5V CIN=100µF CO=470µF L=210µH Line regulation RegI (%) Load regulation RegL (%) 40 Tj=25˚C,Io=0.2A,Vo=5V CIN=100µF, CO=470µF L=210µH 0.5 0 –0.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Output current Io (A) 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Input voltage VIN (V) 35 40 Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 Oscillation frequency fluctuation (%) 5 Fig.10 Overcurrent Detecting Level Fluctuation vs. Junction Temperature Overcurrent detecting level fluctuation (%) Fig. 9 Oscillation Frequency Fluctuation vs. Junction Temperature VIN=12V Vo=5V 0 –5 –10 –25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (˚C) 0 –5 4.5 VIN=12V 4 3.5 VTHH 3 2.5 2 VTHL 1.5 1 VTH(ON) 0.5 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 Junction temperature Tj (˚C) L 210µH 4 CIN 100µF VO=5V 5 RS 3 CS D R1 1kΩ ON/OFF control + CO 470µF RS<=50kΩ Load R2 3kΩ PQ1CF2 + 125 10 Io=0.2A 9 Tj=25˚C Vo=5V Io=1A 8 7 No load 6 5 0 2 1 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (˚C) Fig.12 Operating Consumption Current vs. Input Voltage Operating consumption current Iq (mA) Threshold voltage VTH(ON), VTHL, VTHH(V) 5 –15 –25 125 Step-down Type Circuit Diagram (5V Output) VIN 8 to 35V 10 –10 Fig.11 Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature ■ 15 10 20 30 Input voltage VIN (V) 40 Chopper Regulators Polarity Inversion Type Circuit Diagram (-5V output) L 130µH 4 1 2 R2 3kΩ PQ1CF2 5 + VIN 5 to 30V CIN 100µF + RS 3 CS Load ■ PQ1CF2 CO 2200µF D R1 1kΩ VO=–5V RS<=50kΩ ON/OFF control ■ Precaution for use (1)ON/OFF control terminal ON/OFF control terminal t has ON/OFF function and soft start function. It operates by level of ON/OFF control terminal voltage. (as shown in fig.1) <ON/OFF control> In the following circuit, when ON/OFF control terminal t becomes low by switching transistor Tr on, output voltage may be turned OFF and the device becomes stand-by mode. Dissipation current at stand-by mode becomes TYP.150µA. <Soft start> When capacitor Cs is added on terminal t, voltage of t is gradually getting upper because of internal constant current. When voltage of t is higher than VTHL output, output pulse starts. And the higher voltage becomes, the wider output pulse width is. When main power supply turns on, output pulse gradually expands and output voltage will start softly. Too large capacitance Cs causes long discharging time. In case of input voltage turning time from OFF to ON is short, soft start function may not operate. In this case, additional capacitor discharging circuit as shown in Fig.3 can make discharging time short. In order to set voltage point A is higher than VTHH(3.85V) in ordinary state, please design value of resistor R4, R5 from several kΩ to several dozens kΩ. <ON/OFF control with soft start up> For ON/OFF control with capacitor Cs, be careful not to destroy a transistor Tr by discharge current from Cs, adding a resistor restricting discharge current of Cs. Fig. 1 Step–down voltage circuit ON/OFF terminal voltage (V) Duty DMAX 3.55 (VTHH) 2.25 (VTHL) Duty 0% 1.4 (VTHON) 0 1 2 3 time 1 Stand-by mode 2 OFF-state 3 Soft start Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 Fig. 2 ON/OFF Control and Soft Start L 4 IO VO 2 1 PQ1CF2 R2 5 + Rs 3 VIN + Load CS D CIN CO R1 Tr Rs<=50kΩ ON/OFF control signal Fig. 3 Capacitor Cs Discharging Circuit Capacitor Cs discharging circuit 4 1 2 R4 PQ1CF2 + 3 A CIN Cs R3 VIN 5 (2)Overcurrent protection When switching current exceeds overcurrent detecting level (IL), overcurrent protection function turns off the output Tr in no time, and it maintains off-state of output Tr to next ON pulse. It means folding characteristics by pluse-by-pulse method. Fig. 4 Overcurrent detecting level (IL) Switching current Output transistor ON OFF ON OFF 1 (10µs) fo Chopper Regulators ■ PQ1CF2 Precautions in Designing qAdjustment of output voltage Output voltage can be adjustable by attaching external resistor R1 and R2 to e, r, or output terminal. Adjustable range is as follows. a) Step-down voltage type VO=Vref to 35V Maximum value is limited to 0.9 x (VIN–VSAT) by input voltage. b) Polarity inversion type VO = –Vref to –30V VO is limited to 40–VIN–VF by input voltage. Output voltage |VO| =Vref x (1+R2/R1) (V) wCoil <<Step-down voltage type>> In first time, the ratio of output transistor on time (TON)and catch-diode on time (TOFF) is obtained by the following equations. VO+VF TON D(Duty)= ––––––––– = ––––––––––– T(cycle) VIN–VSAT+VF VIN–VSAT–VO x D x ––1 L(Coil inductance)= ––––––––––– ∆IL fO (H) VIN–VSAT–VO x D x –– ∆IL = IO+ ––––––––––– 1 Iswp(Peak value of coil current)= IO+ ––– 2 2xL fO VIN VO VF VSAT fO : Input voltage : Output voltage : Forward voltage of catch-diode : VIN-VOUT voltage at transistor ON : Oscillation frequency Please design ripple current (∆IL )set up about 20 to 30% of output current (Io),and set up continuous mode. So, it is said to be the good balance of inductor and output capacitor. Please select the inductor which the current rating is at least 1.2 times greater than maximum peak current. Fig. 5 ON Output transistor OFF ON OFF ON OFF Switching current Diode current Peak value of coil current (Iswp) Coil current (continuous mode) Coil current (non-continuous mode) Io ∆IL 0 0 Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 Approximate inductance of coil (at output voltage is 5V)is shown in fig.6 Fig. 6 Approximate Inductance of coil 1000 Vo=5V Inductance(µH) IO=0.2A IO=0.5A IO=1A 100 10 0 20 30 10 Input voltage VIN(V) 40 <<Polarity-inversion type>> In case of polarity-inversion type, it operates different from step down voltage type. In order to have stable output voltage, please select the inductor of from 47µH to 200 µH. Fig. 7 Circuit Example for Polarity Inversion Type L 130µH 4 2 PQ1CF2 VIN 5 to 30V 5 + CIN 100µF 3 CS R2 3kΩ RS Tr D R1 1kΩ + CO 2200µF Load 1 VO=–5V ON/OFF control RS<=50kΩ Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 e Output capacitor(Co) The output ripple voltage is highly influenced by ESR(Equivalent Series Resistor) of output capacitor, and can be minimized by selecting low ESR capacitor. Generally, smaller capacitance, lower breakdown voltage of capacitor make ESR of capacitor high. By use of high grade "low impedance" electrolytic capacitor, output ripple voltage will decrease. In continuous mode, output ripple voltage and ripple allowance current of capacitor are obtained by the following equations. <Step down type> Output ripple voltage (VRIP P–P)=∆IL x ESR (V) 1 VIN–VSAT–VO x D x= –– ∆IL= ––––––––––– fO L Ripple allowance current (effective value)=∆IL (A) r Catch diode High switching speed and low forward voltage type schottky barrier diode should be recommended for the catchdiode D because it affects the efficiency. Please select the diode which the current rating is at least 1.2 times greater than maximum switching current. t Input capacitor(CIN) Please select the input capacitor with low ESR and sufficient ripple current rating, wiring as near as possible the regulator. In low temperature operating, ESR of capacitor increases, capacitance will greater than usual. In continuous mode, ripple allowance current of capacitor is obtained by the following equation. VO x (VIN–VO) Ripple allowance current (effective value)=IO x –––––––––––––– (A) VIN (3) Thermal protection design Internal power dissipation (P)of device is generally obtained by the following equation. P=ISW(Average) x VSAT x D + VIN(voltage between VIN to COM terminal) x IQ'(consumption current). . . q Step down type –––––––––––––– TON VO+VF D(Duty)= ––––––––– = –––––––––––– T(period) VIN–VSAT+VF ISW(Average)=IO(Output current) Polarity inversion type –––––––––––––––––––– |VO| +VF TON D(Duty)= ––––––––– = ––––––––––––––––– T(period) VIN+ |VO| –VSAT+VF 1 ISW(Average)= ––––– x IO 1–D IQ' : Consumption current in operating mode VF : Forward voltage of the diode When ambient temperature Ta and maximum power dissipation PD(MAX.)during operation are determined, use a Cu plate which allows the element to operate within the safety operation area specified by the derating curve. Insufficient radiation gives an unfavorable influence to the normal operation and reliability of the device. In the external area of the safety operation area shown by the derating curve, the overheat protection circuit may operate to shut-down output. However, please avoid keeping such condition for a long time. Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 Power dissipation PD (W) 20 15 PD1 :No heat sink PD2 :With infinite heat sink PD2 10 5 PD1 0 –20 20 40 60 80 0 Ambient temperature Ta ( ˚C ) 100 Fig. 9 Thermal Resistance vs. Area of Heat sink 100 Thermal resistance Rth(c-a)(˚C/W) Fig. 8 Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature 2mm thickness aluminum plate 10 1 10 1000 Area of heat sink S(cm2) 1000 Oblique line portion : Overheat protection may operate in this area. Regulator PQ1CF2 heat sink View of regulator attached on the center of square heat sink. Precations in designing heat sink Area of heat sink is obtained as follows, (A)Increasing junction temperature difference from ambient temperature(∆ Tj )is obtained as follows. ∆ Tj=Tj–Ta It is recommended that Tj=70 to 80% of TjMAX. (B)Thermal resistance Rth(j-a) is obtained from ∆ Tj and internal dissipation loss (P)obtained from equation q Thermal resistance Rth(j-a)=∆ Tj/P ˚C/W (C)Thermal resistance of heat sink Rth(c-a) is obtained from Rth(j-a) Thermal resistance Rth(c-a)<=Rth(j-a)–Rth(j-c) ˚C/W On condition that Rth(j-c) of PQ1CF2=6.67˚C/W (D)Area of heat sink is obtained from thermal resistance Rth(c-a) with thermal resistance-heat sink area characteristics. Chopper Regulators PQ1CF2 (4) External connection Fig.10 L 4 VO 2 1 PQ1CF2 R2 5 + 3 VIN + Load CS CIN D CO R1 q Wiring condition is very important. Noise associated with wiring inductance may cause some problems. For minimizing inductance, it is recommended to design the thick and short pattern (between large current diodes, input/output capacitors, and terminal 1, 2. Single-point grounding (as indicated) should be used for best results. w When output voltage is not stable, it can be improved by attaching capacitor (from several nF to several dozens nF) to external resistor R2. NOTICE ● The circuit application examples in this publication are provided to explain representative applications of SHARP devices and are not intended to guarantee any circuit design or license any intellectual property rights. SHARP takes no responsibility for any problems related to any intellectual property right of a third party resulting from the use of SHARP's devices. ● Contact SHARP in order to obtain the latest device specification sheets before using any SHARP device. SHARP reserves the right to make changes in the specifications, characteristics, data, materials, structure, and other contents described herein at any time without notice in order to improve design or reliability. Manufacturing locations are also subject to change without notice. ● Observe the following points when using any devices in this publication. SHARP takes no responsibility for damage caused by improper use of the devices which does not meet the conditions and absolute maximum ratings to be used specified in the relevant specification sheet nor meet the following conditions: (i) The devices in this publication are designed for use in general electronic equipment designs such as: - - - Personal computers - -- Office automation equipment - -- Telecommunication equipment [terminal] - - - Test and measurement equipment - - - Industrial control - -- Audio visual equipment - -- Consumer electronics (ii) Measures such as fail-safe function and redundant design should be taken to ensure reliability and safety when SHARP devices are used for or in connection with equipment that requires higher reliability such as: - -- Transportation control and safety equipment (i.e., aircraft, trains, automobiles, etc.) - - - Traffic signals - - - Gas leakage sensor breakers - - - Alarm equipment - -- Various safety devices, etc. (iii)SHARP devices shall not be used for or in connection with equipment that requires an extremely high level of reliability and safety such as: - - - Space applications - -- Telecommunication equipment [trunk lines] - -- Nuclear power control equipment - -- Medical and other life support equipment (e.g., scuba). ● Contact a SHARP representative in advance when intending to use SHARP devices for any "specific" applications other than those recommended by SHARP or when it is unclear which category mentioned above controls the intended use. ● If the SHARP devices listed in this publication fall within the scope of strategic products described in the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law of Japan, it is necessary to obtain approval to export such SHARP devices. ● This publication is the proprietary product of SHARP and is copyrighted, with all rights reserved. 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