MODULE FOR STEPPER MOTORS MODULE Firmware Version V1.29 TMCL™ FIRMWARE MANUAL + + TMCM-1161 1-Axis Stepper Controller / Driver Up to 2.8A RMS / 24V DC USB, RS485, and RS232 + UNIQUE FEATURES: TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG Hamburg, Germany www.trinamic.com + TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Table of Contents 1 2 Features........................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Putting the Module into Operation ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Basic Set-Up .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Connecting the module ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Start the TMCL-IDE Software Development Environment ................................................................. 8 2.2 Using TMCL Direct Mode .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Important Motor Settings ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Testing with a Simple TMCL Program ......................................................................................................... 11 3 TMCL and the TMCL-IDE: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 12 3.1 Binary Command Format ................................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.1 Checksum Calculation ................................................................................................................................ 13 3.2 Reply Format ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 Status Codes ................................................................................................................................................. 14 3.3 Standalone Applications .................................................................................................................................. 14 3.4 TMCL Command Overview .............................................................................................................................. 15 3.4.1 TMCL Commands ......................................................................................................................................... 15 3.4.2 Commands Listed According to Subject Area .................................................................................... 16 3.5 Commands ........................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.5.1 ROR (rotate right) ........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.5.2 ROL (rotate left) ........................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.3 MST (motor stop)......................................................................................................................................... 22 3.5.4 MVP (move to position) ............................................................................................................................ 23 3.5.5 SAP (set axis parameter) ........................................................................................................................... 24 3.5.6 GAP (get axis parameter) .......................................................................................................................... 25 3.5.7 STAP (store axis parameter) ..................................................................................................................... 26 3.5.8 RSAP (restore axis parameter) ................................................................................................................. 27 3.5.9 SGP (set global parameter) ...................................................................................................................... 28 3.5.10 GGP (get global parameter)...................................................................................................................... 29 3.5.11 STGP (store global parameter) ................................................................................................................ 30 3.5.12 RSGP (restore global parameter) ............................................................................................................ 31 3.5.13 RFS (reference search) ................................................................................................................................ 32 3.5.14 SIO (set input / output) ............................................................................................................................. 33 3.5.15 GIO (get input /output) ............................................................................................................................. 35 3.5.16 CALC (calculate) ............................................................................................................................................ 37 3.5.17 COMP (compare)........................................................................................................................................... 38 3.5.18 JC (jump conditional) ................................................................................................................................. 39 3.5.19 JA (jump always) ......................................................................................................................................... 40 3.5.20 CSUB (call subroutine) ............................................................................................................................... 41 3.5.21 RSUB (return from subroutine) ................................................................................................................ 42 3.5.22 WAIT (wait for an event to occur) ......................................................................................................... 43 3.5.23 STOP (stop TMCL program execution) ................................................................................................... 44 3.5.24 CALCX (calculate using the X register) .................................................................................................. 45 3.5.25 AAP (accumulator to axis parameter) .................................................................................................... 46 3.5.26 AGP (accumulator to global parameter) ............................................................................................... 47 3.5.27 CLE (clear error flags) ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.5.28 VECT (set interrupt vector) ........................................................................................................................ 49 3.5.29 EI (enable interrupt) ................................................................................................................................... 50 3.5.30 DI (disable interrupt) .................................................................................................................................. 51 3.5.31 RETI (return from interrupt) ..................................................................................................................... 52 3.5.32 Customer specific TMCL command extension (UF0… UF7/user function) .................................... 53 3.5.33 Request target position reached event ................................................................................................ 53 3.5.34 TMCL Control Functions ............................................................................................................................. 54 4 Axis parameters .......................................................................................................................................................... 56 4.1 stallGuard2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 63 4.2 coolStep Related Axis Parameters ................................................................................................................ 63 5 Global parameters ...................................................................................................................................................... 65 www.trinamic.com 2 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 6 7 8 9 5.1 Bank 0 ................................................................................................................................................................... 65 5.2 Bank 1 ................................................................................................................................................................... 67 5.3 Bank 2 ................................................................................................................................................................... 67 5.4 Bank 3 ................................................................................................................................................................... 68 Hints and Tips ............................................................................................................................................................. 69 6.1 Reference Search ............................................................................................................................................... 69 6.2 Changing the Prescaler Value of an Encoder ............................................................................................ 72 6.3 Using the RS485 Interface .............................................................................................................................. 72 Life Support Policy ..................................................................................................................................................... 73 Revision History .......................................................................................................................................................... 74 8.1 Firmware Revision ............................................................................................................................................ 74 8.2 Document Revision ........................................................................................................................................... 74 References .................................................................................................................................................................... 75 www.trinamic.com 3 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 1 Features The TMCM-1161 is a single axis controller/driver module for 2-phase bipolar stepper motors with state of the art feature set. It is highly integrated, offers a convenient handling and can be used in many decentralized applications. The board can be mounted on the back of NEMA23 (57mm flange size) and NEMA24 (60mm flange size) stepper motors and has been designed for coil currents up to 2.8A RMS and 24V DC supply voltage. It offers TRINAMICs sensOstep™ encoder. With its high energy efficiency from the coolStep™ technology cost for power consumption is kept down. The TMCL™ firmware allows for both, standalone operation and direct mode. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Motion controller Motion profile calculation in real-time On the fly alteration of motor parameters (e.g. position, velocity, acceleration) High performance microcontroller for overall system control and serial communication protocol handling Bipolar stepper motor driver Up to 256 microsteps per full step High-efficient operation, low power dissipation Dynamic current control Integrated protection stallGuard2 feature for stall detection coolStep feature for reduced power consumption and heat dissipation Encoder sensOstep magnetic encoder (max. 1024 positions per rotation) e.g. for step-loss detection under all operating conditions and positioning supervision Interfaces inputs for stop switches (left and right) and home switch 1 analog input 2 general purpose outputs (open collector with freewheeling diodes) USB, RS232, and RS485 communication interfaces Software TMCL™: standalone operation or remote controlled operation, program memory (non volatile) for up to 2048 TMCL commands, and PC-based application development software TMCL-IDE available for free. Electrical and mechanical data Supply voltage: +24V DC nominal (10… 30V DC) Motor current: up to 2.8A RMS (programmable) Refer to separate Hardware Manual, too. www.trinamic.com 4 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 5 TRINAMICS UNIQUE FEATURES – EASY TO USE WITH TMCL stallGuard2™ stallGuard2 is a high-precision sensorless load measurement using the back EMF on the coils. It can be used for stall detection as well as other uses at loads below those which stall the motor. The stallGuard2 measurement value changes linearly over a wide range of load, velocity, and current settings. At maximum motor load, the value goes to zero or near to zero. This is the most energy-efficient point of operation for the motor. Load [Nm] stallGuard2 Initial stallGuard2 (SG) value: 100% Max. load stallGuard2 (SG) value: 0 Maximum load reached. Motor close to stall. Motor stalls Figure 1.1 stallGuard2 load measurement SG as a function of load coolStep™ coolStep is a load-adaptive automatic current scaling based on the load measurement via stallGuard2 adapting the required current to the load. Energy consumption can be reduced by as much as 75%. coolStep allows substantial energy savings, especially for motors which see varying loads or operate at a high duty cycle. Because a stepper motor application needs to work with a torque reserve of 30% to 50%, even a constant-load application allows significant energy savings because coolStep automatically enables torque reserve when required. Reducing power consumption keeps the system cooler, increases motor life, and allows reducing cost. 0,9 Efficiency with coolStep 0,8 Efficiency with 50% torque reserve 0,7 0,6 0,5 Efficiency 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Velocity [RPM] Figure 1.2 Energy efficiency example with coolStep www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 2 Putting the Module into Operation Here you can find basic information for putting your TMCM-1161 into operation. If you are already common with TRINAMICs modules you may skip this chapter. The things you need: TMCM-1161 with fitting motor Interface (RS232/RS485/USB) suitable to your module with cables Nominal supply voltage +24V DC for your module TMCL-IDE program and PC PRECAUTIONS Do not connect or disconnect the TMCM-1161 while powered! Do not connect or disconnect the motor while powered! Do not exceed the maximum power supply voltage of 30V DC! Note, that the module is not protected against reverse polarity! START WITH POWER SUPPLY OFF! 2.1 Basic Set-Up The following paragraph will guide you through the steps of connecting the unit and making first movements with the motor. 2.1.1 Connecting the module USB Converter e.g. USB-2-485 B US RS232 Serial USB interface In/Out RS485 Pin 4 RS485Pin 3 RS485+ Pin 1 GND USB RS232 Pin 6 RS232_RXD Pin 5 RS232_TXD 1 Interface RS48 5 1 1 Power supply Pin 2 10… 30V DC Pin 1 GND Note, that the GND pin has to be used for the power supply and for the RS485 interface, too. Motor 1 Pin Pin Pin Pin Stepper motor Figure 2.1: Starting up www.trinamic.com 1 2 3 4 A1 A2 A3 A4 6 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 1. 7 Connect power supply and choose your interface a) Connect RS232 or RS485 and power supply Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 Label GND VCC RS485A+ RS485BRS232_TxD RS232_RxD Description Module and signal ground 10… 30V DC power supply / nom. 24V DC RS485 non-inverted bus signal RS485 inverted bus signal RS232 transmit data from module RS232 receive data to module b) Connect USB interface (as alternative to RS232 and RS485; use a normal USB cable) Download and install the file TMCM-1161.inf (www.trinamic.com). Pin 1 2 3 4 5 2. 3. Label VBUS DD+ ID GND Description +5V power Data – Data + Not connected ground Connect motor Pin Label Description 1 2 3 4 OA1 OA2 OB1 OB2 Motor Motor Motor Motor coil coil coil coil A A B B Connect In/Out connector If you like to work with the GPIOs, switches or the step/dir interface, use the In/Out connector. Pin 1 2 3 4 5 Label GND VCC OUT_0 OUT_1 AIN_0 6 STOP_L/ STEP/ IN_1 7 STOP_R/ DIR/ IN_2 8 HOME/ ENABLE/ IN_3 www.trinamic.com Description Module ground (system and signal ground) 10… 30V DC power supply / nom. 24V DC General purpose output, open collector General purpose output, open collector Analog input, 0… 10V (analog to digital converter range) Digital input, +24V compatible, programmable internal pull-up.* Functionality can be selected in software: a) Left stop switch input (connected to REF1 input of TMC429 motion controller) b) Step signal (connected to step input of TMC262 stepper driver) c) General purpose input (connected to processor) Digital input +24V compatible, programmable internal pull-up.* Functionality can be selected in software: a) Right stop switch input (connected to REFR1 input of TMC429 motion controller) b) Direction signal (connected to direction input of TMC262 stepper driver) c) General purpose input (connected to processor) Digital input +24V compatible, programmable internal pull-up.* Functionality can be chosen in software: a) Home switch input (connected to processor) b) Enable signal (connected to processor) c) General purpose input (connected to processor) TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 4. Switch ON the power supply Turn power ON. The green LED for power lights up slowly and the motor is powered but in standstill now. If this does not occur, switch power OFF and check your connections as well as the power supply. 2.1.2 Start the TMCL-IDE Software Development Environment The TMCL-IDE is available on www.trinamic.com. Installing the TMCL-IDE: Make sure the COM port you intend to use is not blocked by another program. Open TMCL-IDE by clicking TMCL.exe. Choose Setup and Options and thereafter the Connection tab. Choose COM port and type with the parameters shown in Figure 2.2 (baud rate 9600). Click OK. USB interface If the file TMCM-1161.inf is installed correctly, the module will be identified automatically. Figure 2.2 Setup dialogue and connection tab of the TMCL-IDE. Please refer to the TMCL-IDE User Manual for more information (see www.TRINAMIC.com). www.trinamic.com 8 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 2.2 Using TMCL Direct Mode 1. Start TMCL Direct Mode. Direct Mode 2. If the communication is established the TMCM-1161 is automatically detected. If the module is not detected, please check all points above (cables, interface, power supply, COM port, baud rate). 3. Issue a command by choosing Instruction, Type (if necessary), Motor, and Value and click Execute to send it to the module. Examples: ROR rotate right, motor 0, value 500 MST motor stop, motor 0 -> Click Execute. The first motor is rotating now. -> Click Execute. The first motor stops now. Top right of the TMCL Direct Mode window is the button Copy to editor. Click here to copy the chosen command and create your own TMCL program. The command will be shown immediately on the editor. NOTE Please mind chapter 3 (programming techniques) of the TMCL-IDE User Manual on www.trinamic.com. Here you will find information about creating general structures of TMCL programs. In particular initialization, main loop, symbolic constants, variables, and subroutines are described there. Further you can learn how to mix direct mode and stand alone mode. Chapter 4 of this manual (axis parameters) includes a diagram which points out the coolStep related axis parameters and their functions. This can help you configuring your module to meet your needs. www.trinamic.com 9 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 2.2.1 10 Important Motor Settings There are some axis parameters which have to be adjusted right in the beginning after installing your module. Please set the upper limiting values for the speed (axis parameter 4), the acceleration (axis parameter 5), and the current (axis parameter 6). Further set the standby current (axis parameter 7) and choose your microstep resolution with axis parameter 140. Please use the SAP (Set Axis Parameter) command for adjusting these values. The SAP command is described in paragraph 3.5.5. You can use the TMCM-IDE direct mode for easily configuring your module. ATTENTION The most important motor setting is the absolute maximum motor current setting, since too high values might cause motor damage! IMPORTANT AXIS PARAMETERS FOR MOTOR SETTING Number Axis Parameter Description 4 Maximum Should not exceed the physically highest possible positioning value. Adjust the pulse divisor (axis parameter 154), if speed the speed value is very low (<50) or above the upper limit. 5 Maximum The limit for acceleration (and deceleration). Changing acceleration this parameter requires re-calculation of the acceleration factor (no. 146) and the acceleration divisor (no. 137), which is done automatically. See TMC 429 datasheet for calculation of physical units. 6 Absolute max. The maximum value is 255. This value means 100% of current the maximum current of the module. The current (CS / Current adjustment is within the range 0… 255 and can be Scale) adjusted in 32 steps. 0… 7 8… 15 16… 23 24… 31 32… 39 40… 47 48… 55 56… 63 64… 71 72… 79 7 Standby current 79…87 88… 95 96… 103 104… 111 112… 119 120… 127 128… 135 136… 143 144… 151 152… 159 160… 168… 176… 184… 192… 200… 208… 216… 224… 232… 167 175 183 191 199 207 215 223 231 239 Range [Unit] 0… 2047 [ 16MHz 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 μsteps ∙2 ] 65536 sec 0… 2047*1 0… 255 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 4𝐴 255 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 2.8𝐴 255 240… 247 248… 255 The most important motor setting, since too high values might cause motor damage! The current limit two seconds after the motor has 0… 255 stopped. 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 140 Microstep resolution *1 Unit of acceleration: www.trinamic.com 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 full step half step 4 microsteps 8 microsteps 16 microsteps 32 microsteps 64 microsteps 128 microsteps 256 microsteps 0… 8 16𝑀𝐻𝑧 2 microsteps 536870912∙2𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟+𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑝_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 sec2 4𝐴 255 2.8𝐴 255 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 2.3 Testing with a Simple TMCL Program Type in the following program: Loop: ROL 0, 500 WAIT TICKS, 0, 500 MST 0 ROR 0, 500 WAIT TICKS, 0, 500 MST 0 //Rotate motor 0 with speed 500 SAP 4, 0, 500 SAP 5, 0, 50 MVP ABS, 0, 10000 WAIT POS, 0, 0 MVP ABS, 0, -10000 WAIT POS, 0, 0 JA Loop //Set max. Velocity //Set max. Acceleration //Move to Position 10000 //Wait until position reached //Move to Position -10000 //Wait until position reached //Infinite Loop //Rotate motor 0 with 500 Assemble Stop Download 1. 2. 3. 4. Run Click the Assemble icon to convert the TMCL into machine code. Then download the program to the TMCM-1161 module by clicking the Download icon. Press icon Run. The desired program will be executed. Click the Stop button to stop the program. www.trinamic.com 11 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 12 3 TMCL and the TMCL-IDE: Introduction As with most TRINAMIC modules the software running on the microprocessor of the TMCM-1161 consists of two parts, a boot loader and the firmware itself. Whereas the boot loader is installed during production and testing at TRINAMIC and remains untouched throughout the whole lifetime, the firmware can be updated by the user. New versions can be downloaded free of charge from the TRINAMIC website (http://www.trinamic.com). The TMCM-1161 supports TMCL direct mode (binary commands) and standalone TMCL program execution. You can store up to 2048 TMCL instructions on it. In direct mode and most cases the TMCL communication over RS485, RS232, or USB follows a strict master/slave relationship. That is, a host computer (e.g. PC/PLC) acting as the interface bus master will send a command to the TMCL-1161. The TMCL interpreter on the module will then interpret this command, do the initialization of the motion controller, read inputs and write outputs or whatever is necessary according to the specified command. As soon as this step has been done, the module will send a reply back over RS485/RS232/USB to the bus master. Only then should the master transfer the next command. Normally, the module will just switch to transmission and occupy the bus for a reply, otherwise it will stay in receive mode. It will not send any data over the interface without receiving a command first. This way, any collision on the bus will be avoided when there are more than two nodes connected to a single bus. The Trinamic Motion Control Language [TMCL] provides a set of structured motion control commands. Every motion control command can be given by a host computer or can be stored in an EEPROM on the TMCM module to form programs that run standalone on the module. For this purpose there are not only motion control commands but also commands to control the program structure (like conditional jumps, compare and calculating). Every command has a binary representation and a mnemonic. The binary format is used to send commands from the host to a module in direct mode, whereas the mnemonic format is used for easy usage of the commands when developing standalone TMCL applications using the TMCL-IDE (IDE means Integrated Development Environment). There is also a set of configuration variables for the axis and for global parameters which allow individual configuration of nearly every function of a module. This manual gives a detailed description of all TMCL commands and their usage. 3.1 Binary Command Format Every command has a mnemonic and a binary representation. When commands are sent from a host to a module, the binary format has to be used. Every command consists of a one-byte command field, a onebyte type field, a one-byte motor/bank field and a four-byte value field. So the binary representation of a command always has seven bytes. When a command is to be sent via RS232, RS485 or USB interface, it has to be enclosed by an address byte at the beginning and a checksum byte at the end. In this case it consists of nine bytes. The binary command format for RS232/RS485/USB is as follows: Bytes 1 1 1 1 4 1 Meaning Module address Command number Type number Motor or Bank number Value (MSB first!) Checksum The checksum is calculated by adding up all the other bytes using an 8-bit addition. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.1.1 13 Checksum Calculation As mentioned above, the checksum is calculated by adding up all bytes (including the module address byte) using 8-bit addition. Here are two examples to show how to do this: in C: unsigned char i, Checksum; unsigned char Command[9]; //Set the “Command” array to the desired command Checksum = Command[0]; for(i=1; i<8; i++) Checksum+=Command[i]; Command[8]=Checksum; //insert checksum as last byte of the command //Now, send it to the module in Delphi: var i, Checksum: byte; Command: array[0..8] of byte; //Set the “Command” array to the desired command //Calculate the Checksum: Checksum:=Command[0]; for i:=1 to 7 do Checksum:=Checksum+Command[i]; Command[8]:=Checksum; //Now, send the “Command” array (9 bytes) to the module 3.2 Reply Format Every time a command has been sent to a module, the module sends a reply. The reply format for RS485/RS232/USB is as follows: Bytes 1 1 1 1 4 1 Meaning Reply address Module address Status (e.g. 100 means no error) Command number Value (MSB first!) Checksum The checksum is also calculated by adding up all the other bytes using an 8-bit addition. Do not send the next command before you have received the reply! www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.2.1 14 Status Codes The reply contains a status code. The status code can have one of the following values: Code 100 101 1 2 3 4 5 6 Meaning Successfully executed, no error Command loaded into TMCL program EEPROM Wrong checksum Invalid command Wrong type Invalid value Configuration EEPROM locked Command not available 3.3 Standalone Applications The module is equipped with a TMCL memory for storing TMCL applications. You can use TMCL-IDE for developing standalone TMCL applications. You can download a program into the EEPROM and afterwards it will run on the module. The TMCL-IDE contains an editor and the TMCL assembler where the commands can be entered using their mnemonic format. They will be assembled automatically into their binary representations. Afterwards this code can be downloaded into the module to be executed there. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 15 3.4 TMCL Command Overview In this section a short overview of the TMCL commands is given. 3.4.1 TMCL Commands Command ROR ROL MST MVP Number 1 2 3 4 SAP 5 Parameter <motor number>, <velocity> <motor number>, <velocity> <motor number> ABS|REL|COORD, <motor number>, <position|offset> <parameter>, <motor number>, <value> GAP 6 <parameter>, <motor number> STAP 7 <parameter>, <motor number> RSAP SGP 8 9 <parameter>, <motor number> <parameter>, <bank number>, value GGP 10 <parameter>, <bank number> STGP 11 <parameter>, <bank number> RSGP 12 <parameter>, <bank number> RFS SIO GIO CALC COMP JC JA CSUB RSUB EI DI WAIT STOP SCO 13 14 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 START|STOP|STATUS, <motor number> <port number>, <bank number>, <value> <port number>, <bank number> <operation>, <value> <value> <condition>, <jump address> <jump address> <subroutine address> GCO CCO CALCX AAP AGP VECT RETI ACO 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 www.trinamic.com <interrupt number> <interrupt number> <condition>, <motor number>, <ticks> <coordinate number>, <motor number>, <position> <coordinate number>, <motor number> <coordinate number>, <motor number> <operation> <parameter>, <motor number> <parameter>, <bank number> <interrupt number>, <label> <coordinate number>, <motor number> Description Rotate right with specified velocity Rotate left with specified velocity Stop motor movement Move to position (absolute or relative) Set axis parameter (motion control specific settings) Get axis parameter (read out motion control specific settings) Store axis parameter permanently (non volatile) Restore axis parameter Set global parameter (module specific settings e.g. communication settings or TMCL™ user variables) Get global parameter (read out module specific settings e.g. communication settings or TMCL™ user variables) Store global parameter (TMCL™ user variables only) Restore global parameter (TMCL™ user variable only) Reference search Set digital output to specified value Get value of analogue/digital input Process accumulator & value Compare accumulator <-> value Jump conditional Jump absolute Call subroutine Return from subroutine Enable interrupt Disable interrupt Wait with further program execution Stop program execution Set coordinate Get coordinate Capture coordinate Process accumulator & X-register Accumulator to axis parameter Accumulator to global parameter Set interrupt vector Return from interrupt Accu to coordinate TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.4.2 16 Commands Listed According to Subject Area 3.4.2.1 Motion Commands These commands control the motion of the motor. They are the most important commands and can be used in direct mode or in standalone mode. Mnemonic ROL ROR MVP MST RFS SCO CCO GCO Command number 2 1 4 3 13 30 32 31 Meaning Rotate left Rotate right Move to position Motor stop Reference search Store coordinate Capture coordinate Get coordinate 3.4.2.2 Parameter Commands These commands are used to set, read and store axis parameters or global parameters. Axis parameters can be set independently for each axis, whereas global parameters control the behavior of the module itself. These commands can also be used in direct mode and in standalone mode. Mnemonic SAP GAP STAP RSAP SGP GGP STGP RSGP Command number 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Meaning Set axis parameter Get axis parameter Store axis parameter into EEPROM Restore axis parameter from EEPROM Set global parameter Get global parameter Store global parameter into EEPROM Restore global parameter from EEPROM 3.4.2.3 Control Commands These commands are used to control the program flow (loops, conditions, jumps etc.). It does not make sense to use them in direct mode. They are intended for standalone mode only. Mnemonic JA JC COMP Command number 22 21 20 CSUB RSUB WAIT STOP 23 24 27 28 Meaning Jump always Jump conditional Compare accumulator with value Call subroutine Return from subroutine Wait for a specified event End of a TMCL™ program constant 3.4.2.4 I/O Port Commands These commands control the external I/O ports and can be used in direct mode and in standalone mode. Mnemonic SIO GIO Command number 14 15 www.trinamic.com Meaning Set output Get input TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 17 3.4.2.5 Calculation Commands These commands are intended to be used for calculations within TMCL™ applications. Although they could also be used in direct mode it does not make much sense to do so. Mnemonic CALC Command number 19 CALCX 33 AAP AGP ACO 34 35 39 Meaning Calculate using the accumulator and a constant value Calculate using the accumulator and the X register Copy accumulator to an axis parameter Copy accumulator to a global parameter Copy accu to coordinate For calculating purposes there is an accumulator (or accu or A register) and an X register. When executed in a TMCL program (in standalone mode), all TMCL commands that read a value store the result in the accumulator. The X register can be used as an additional memory when doing calculations. It can be loaded from the accumulator. When a command that reads a value is executed in direct mode the accumulator will not be affected. This means that while a TMCL™ program is running on the module (standalone mode), a host can still send commands like GAP and GGP to the module (e.g. to query the actual position of the motor) without affecting the flow of the TMCL™ program running on the module. 3.4.2.6 Interrupt Commands Due to some customer requests, interrupt processing has been introduced in the TMCL™ firmware for ARM based modules. Mnemonic EI DI VECT RETI 3.4.2.6.1 Command number 25 26 37 38 Meaning Enable interrupt Disable interrupt Set interrupt vector Return from interrupt Interrupt Types There are many different interrupts in TMCL, like timer interrupts, stop switch interrupts, position reached interrupts, and input pin change interrupts. Each of these interrupts has its own interrupt vector. Each interrupt vector is identified by its interrupt number. Please use the TMCL included file Interrupts.inc for symbolic constants of the interrupt numbers. 3.4.2.6.2 Interrupt Processing When an interrupt occurs and this interrupt is enabled and a valid interrupt vector has been defined for that interrupt, the normal TMCL program flow will be interrupted and the interrupt handling routine will be called. Before an interrupt handling routine gets called, the context of the normal program will be saved automatically (i.e. accumulator register, X register, TMCL flags). There is no interrupt nesting, i.e. all other interrupts are disabled while an interrupt handling routine is being executed. On return from an interrupt handling routine, the context of the normal program will automatically be restored and the execution of the normal program will be continued. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.4.2.6.3 18 Interrupt Vectors The following table shows all interrupt vectors that can be used. Interrupt number 0 1 2 3 15 21 27 28 39 40 41 42 255 3.4.2.6.4 Interrupt type Timer 0 Timer 1 Timer 2 Target position reached stallGuard2 Deviation Left stop switch Right stop switch Input change 0 Input change 1 Input change 2 Input change 3 Global interrupts Further Configuration of Interrupts Some interrupts need further configuration (e.g. the timer interval of a timer interrupt). This can be done using SGP commands with parameter bank 3 (SGP <type>, 3, <value>). Please refer to the SGP command (paragraph 3.5.9) for further information about that. 3.4.2.6.5 Using Interrupts in TMCL For using an interrupt proceed as follows: - Define an interrupt handling routine using the VECT command. If necessary, configure the interrupt using an SGP <type>, 3, <value> command. Enable the interrupt using an EI <interrupt> command. Globally enable interrupts using an EI 255 command. An interrupt handling routine must always end with a RETI command The following example shows the use of a timer interrupt: VECT 0, Timer0Irq SGP 0, 3, 1000 EI 0 EI 255 //define the interrupt vector //configure the interrupt: set its period to 1000ms //enable this interrupt //globally switch on interrupt processing //Main program: toggles output 3, using a WAIT command for the delay Loop: SIO 3, 2, 1 WAIT TICKS, 0, 50 SIO 3, 2, 0 WAIT TICKS, 0, 50 JA Loop //Here is the interrupt handling routine Timer0Irq: GIO 0, 2 //check if OUT0 is high JC NZ, Out0Off //jump if not SIO 0, 2, 1 //switch OUT0 high RETI //end of interrupt Out0Off: SIO 0, 2, 0 //switch OUT0 low RETI //end of interrupt www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 19 In the example above, the interrupt numbers are used directly. To make the program better readable use the provided include file Interrupts.inc. This file defines symbolic constants for all interrupt numbers which can be used in all interrupt commands. The beginning of the program above then looks like the following: #include Interrupts.inc VECT TI_TIMER0, Timer0Irq SGP TI_TIMER0, 3, 1000 EI TI_TIMER0 EI TI_GLOBAL Please also take a look at the other example programs. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 20 3.5 Commands The module specific commands are explained in more detail on the following pages. They are listed according to their command number. 3.5.1 ROR (rotate right) With this command the motor will be instructed to rotate with a specified velocity in right direction (increasing the position counter). Internal function: First, velocity mode is selected. Then, the velocity value is transferred to axis parameter #0 (target velocity). The module is based on the TMC429 stepper motor controller and the TMC262 power driver. This makes possible choosing a velocity between 0 and 2047. Related commands: ROL, MST, SAP, GAP Mnemonic: ROR 0, <velocity> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 1 TYPE (don't care) MOT/BANK 0* VALUE <velocity> 0… 2047 *motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Reply in direct mode: STATUS VALUE 100 – OK (don't care) Example: Rotate right, velocity = 350 Mnemonic: ROR 0, 350 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $01 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $01 7 Operand Byte0 $5e TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.2 21 ROL (rotate left) With this command the motor will be instructed to rotate with a specified velocity (opposite direction compared to ROR, decreasing the position counter). Internal function: First, velocity mode is selected. Then, the velocity value is transferred to axis parameter #0 (target velocity). The module is based on the TMC429 stepper motor controller and the TMC262 power driver. This makes possible choosing a velocity between 0 and 2047. Related commands: ROR, MST, SAP, GAP Mnemonic: ROL 0, <velocity> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 2 TYPE (don't care) MOT/BANK 0* VALUE <velocity> 0… 2047 *motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Reply in direct mode: STATUS VALUE 100 – OK (don't care) Example: Rotate left, velocity = 1200 Mnemonic: ROL 0, 1200 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $02 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $04 7 Operand Byte0 $b0 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.3 22 MST (motor stop) With this command the motor will be instructed to stop with a soft stop. Internal function: The axis parameter target velocity is set to zero. Related commands: ROL, ROR, SAP, GAP Mnemonic: MST 0 Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 3 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE (don't care) 0* (don't care) *motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Reply in direct mode: STATUS VALUE 100 – OK (don't care) Example: Stop motor Mnemonic: MST 0 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $03 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.4 23 MVP (move to position) With this command the motor will be instructed to move to a specified relative or absolute position. It will use the acceleration/deceleration ramp and the positioning speed programmed into the unit. This command is non-blocking – that is, a reply will be sent immediately after command interpretation and initialization of the motion controller. Further commands may follow without waiting for the motor reaching its end position. The maximum velocity and acceleration are defined by axis parameters #4 and #5. The range of the MVP command is 32 bit signed (−2.147.483.648… +2.147.483.647). Positioning can be interrupted using MST, ROL or ROR commands. Two operation types are available: Moving to an absolute position in the range from −2.147.483.648… +2.147.483.647 (-231… 231-1). Starting a relative movement by means of an offset to the actual position. In this case, the new resulting position value must not exceed the above mentioned limits, too. Please note, that the distance between the actual position and the new one should not be more than 231-1 microsteps. Otherwise the motor will run in the opposite direction in order to take the shorter distance. Internal function: A new position value is transferred to the axis parameter #2 target position”. Related commands: SAP, GAP, and MST Mnemonic: MVP <ABS|REL>, 0, <position|offset| number> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 4 TYPE 0 ABS – absolute MOT/BANK 0* VALUE <position> 0 <offset> 1 REL – relative *motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK VALUE (don't care) Example: Move motor to (absolute) position 90000 Mnemonic: MVP ABS, 0, 9000 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 1 Instruction Number $04 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $01 6 Operand Byte1 $5f 7 Operand Byte0 $90 Example: Move motor from current position 1000 steps backward (move relative -1000) Mnemonic: MVP REL, 0, -1000 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $04 2 Type $01 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $ff 5 Operand Byte2 $ff 6 Operand Byte1 $fc 7 Operand Byte0 $18 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.5 24 SAP (set axis parameter) With this command most of the motion control parameters of the module can be specified. The settings will be stored in SRAM and therefore are volatile. That is, information will be lost after power off. Please use command STAP (store axis parameter) in order to store any setting permanently. For a table with parameters and values which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 4. Internal function: The parameter format is converted ignoring leading zeros (or ones for negative values). The parameter is transferred to the correct position in the appropriate device. Related commands: GAP, STAP, RSAP, AAP Mnemonic: SAP <parameter number>, 0, <value> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 5 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE <parameter number> 0* <value> *motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK VALUE (don't care) Example: Set the absolute maximum current of motor to 200mA Mnemonic: SAP 6, 0, 200 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $05 2 Type $06 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $c8 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.6 25 GAP (get axis parameter) Most parameters of the TMCM-1161 can be adjusted individually for the axis. With this parameter they can be read out. In standalone mode the requested value is also transferred to the accumulator register for further processing purposes (such as conditioned jumps). In direct mode the value read is only output in the value field of the reply (without affecting the accumulator). For a table with parameters and values which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 4. Internal function: The parameter is read out of the correct position in the appropriate device. The parameter format is converted adding leading zeros (or ones for negative values). Related commands: SAP, STAP, AAP, RSAP Mnemonic: GAP <parameter number>, 0 Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 6 TYPE <parameter number> MOT/BANK 0* VALUE (don't care) *motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK VALUE (don't care) Example: Get the actual position of motor Mnemonic: GAP 0, 1 Binary: Byte Index 0 1 2 Function Target- Instruction Type address Number Value (hex) $01 $06 $01 Reply: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Hostaddress $02 1 Targetaddress $01 status=no error, position=711 www.trinamic.com 2 Status $64 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 3 Instructio n $06 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $02 7 Operand Byte0 $c7 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.7 STAP 26 (store axis parameter) An axis parameter previously set with a Set Axis Parameter command (SAP) will be stored permanent. Most parameters are automatically restored after power up (refer to axis parameter list in chapter 4). For a table with parameters and values which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 4. Internal function: An axis parameter value stored in SRAM will be transferred to EEPROM and loaded from EEPORM after next power up. Related commands: SAP, RSAP, GAP, AAP Mnemonic: STAP <parameter number>, 0 Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 7 TYPE <parameter number> MOT/BANK 0*1 VALUE (don't care)*2 *1motor number is always O as only one motor is involved *2the value operand of this function has no effect. Instead, the currently used value (e.g. selected by SAP) is saved. Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK Parameter ranges: Parameter number s. chapter 4 VALUE (don't care) Motor number 0 Value s. chapter 4 Example: Store the maximum speed of motor Mnemonic: STAP 4, 0 Binary: Byte Index Function 0 Targetaddress Value (hex) $01 1 2 Instruction Type Number $07 $04 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 Note: The STAP command will not have any effect when the configuration EEPROM is locked (refer to 5.1). In direct mode, the error code 5 (configuration EEPROM locked, see also section 3.2.1) will be returned in this case. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.8 27 RSAP (restore axis parameter) For all configuration-related axis parameters non-volatile memory locations are provided. By default, most parameters are automatically restored after power up (refer to axis parameter list in chapter 4). A single parameter that has been changed before can be reset by this instruction also. For a table with parameters and values which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 4. Internal function: The specified parameter is copied from the configuration EEPROM memory to its RAM location. Relate commands: SAP, STAP, GAP, and AAP Mnemonic: RSAP <parameter number>, 0 Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 8 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE <parameter number> 0* (don't care) *motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Reply structure in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK VALUE (don't care) Example: Restore the maximum current of motor Mnemonic: RSAP 6, 0 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 www.trinamic.com 1 2 Instruction Type Number $08 $06 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 3.5.9 28 SGP (set global parameter) With this command most of the module specific parameters not directly related to motion control can be specified and the TMCL user variables can be changed. Global parameters are related to the host interface, peripherals or application specific variables. The different groups of these parameters are organized in banks to allow a larger total number for future products. Currently, only bank 0 and 1 are used for global parameters, and bank 2 is used for user variables. All module settings will automatically be stored non-volatile (internal EEPROM of the processor). The TMCL user variables will not be stored in the EEPROM automatically, but this can be done by using STGP commands. For a table with parameters and bank numbers which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 5. Internal function: the parameter format is converted ignoring leading zeros (or ones for negative values). The parameter is transferred to the correct position in the appropriate (on board) device. Related commands: GGP, STGP, RSGP, AGP Mnemonic: SGP <parameter number>, <bank number>, <value> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 9 Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE <parameter number> <bank number> <value> VALUE (don't care) Example: Set the serial address of the target device to 3 Mnemonic: SGP 66, 0, 3 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 www.trinamic.com 1 2 Instruction Type Number $09 $42 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $03 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 29 3.5.10 GGP (get global parameter) All global parameters can be read with this function. Global parameters are related to the host interface, peripherals or application specific variables. The different groups of these parameters are organized in banks to allow a larger total number for future products. Currently, only bank 0 and 1 are used for global parameters, and bank 2 is used for user variables. For a table with parameters and bank numbers which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 5. Internal function: The parameter is read out of the correct position in the appropriate device. The parameter format is converted adding leading zeros (or ones for negative values). Related commands: SGP, STGP, RSGP, AGP Mnemonic: GGP <parameter number>, <bank number> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 10 TYPE (see chapter 6) Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK MOT/BANK <bank number> VALUE (don't care) VALUE (don't care) Example: Get the serial address of the target device Mnemonic: GGP 66, 0 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) Reply: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 1 Target- Instruction address Number $01 $0a 0 Hostaddress $02 1 Targetaddress $01 Status=no error, Value=1 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $42 2 Status $64 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 3 Instructio n $0a 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $01 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 30 3.5.11 STGP (store global parameter) This command is used to store TMCL user variables permanently in the EEPROM of the module. Some global parameters are located in RAM memory, so without storing modifications are lost at power down. This instruction enables enduring storing. Most parameters are automatically restored after power up. For a table with parameters and bank numbers which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 5. Internal function: The specified parameter is copied from its RAM location to the configuration EEPROM. Related commands: SGP, GGP, RSGP, AGP Mnemonic: STGP <parameter number>, <bank number> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 11 TYPE (see chapter 8) Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK MOT/BANK <bank number> (see chapter 5) VALUE (don't care) VALUE (don't care) Example: Store the user variable #42 Mnemonic: STGP 42, 2 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 1 Target- Instruction address Number $01 $0b www.trinamic.com 2 Type $2a 3 Motor/ Bank $02 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 31 3.5.12 RSGP (restore global parameter) With this command the contents of a TMCL user variable can be restored from the EEPROM. For all configuration-related axis parameters, non-volatile memory locations are provided. By default, most parameters are automatically restored after power up. A single parameter that has been changed before can be reset by this instruction. For a table with parameters and bank numbers which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 5. Internal function: The specified parameter is copied from the configuration EEPROM memory to its RAM location. Relate commands: SAP, STAP, GAP, and AAP Mnemonic: RSAP <parameter number>, 0 Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 8 TYPE <parameter number> MOT/BANK 0* VALUE (don't care) *motor number is always O if only one motor is involved Reply structure in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK VALUE (don't care) Example: Restore the maximum current of motor Mnemonic: RSGP 6, 0 Binary: Byte Index 0 1 2 Function Target- Instruction Type address Number Value (hex) $01 $0c $2a www.trinamic.com 3 Motor/ Bank $02 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 32 3.5.13 RFS (reference search) The TMCM-1161 has a built-in reference search algorithm which can be used. The reference search algorithm provides switching point calibration and three switch modes. The status of the reference search can also be queried to see if it has already finished. (In a TMCL program it is better to use the WAIT command to wait for the end of a reference search.) Please see the appropriate parameters in the axis parameter table to configure the reference search algorithm to meet your needs (chapter 4). The reference search can be started, stopped, and the actual status of the reference search can be checked. Internal function: the reference search is implemented as a state machine, so interaction is possible during execution. Related commands: WAIT Mnemonic: RFS <START|STOP|STATUS>, <motor> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 13 TYPE 0 START – start ref. search 1 STOP – abort ref. search 2 STATUS – get status MOT/BANK VALUE 0 see below REPLY IN DIRECT MODE: When using type 0 (START) or 1 (STOP): STATUS VALUE 100 – OK don’t care When using type 2 (STATUS): STATUS 100 – OK 0 other values VALUE ref. search active no ref. search active Example: Start reference search of motor 0 Mnemonic: RFS START, 0 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 1 Instruction Number $0d 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 With this module it is possible to use stall detection instead of a reference search. www.trinamic.com 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 33 3.5.14 SIO (set input / output) - SIO sets the status of the general digital output either to low (0) or to high (1). Bank 2 is used for this purpose. SIO is used to switch the pull-up resistors for all digital inputs ON (1) and OFF (0). Bank 0 is used for this purpose. Internal function: the passed value is transferred to the specified output line. Related commands: GIO, WAIT Mnemonic: SIO <port number>, <bank number>, <value> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 14 TYPE <port number> Reply structure: STATUS 100 – OK MOT/BANK <bank number> 2 VALUE <value> 0/1 VALUE don’t care Example: Set OUT_2 to high (bank 2, output 2) Mnemonic: SIO 2, 2, 1 Binary: Byte Index Function 0 Targetaddress $01 Value (hex) 1 Instruction Number $0e 2 Type $07 1 Interface 1 USB In/Out 1 Motor 1 Figure 3.1 Connectors I/O PORTS USED FOR SIO AND COMMAND Pin 3 4 I/O port OUT_0 OUT_1 www.trinamic.com Command SIO 0, 2, <n> SIO 1, 2, <n> Range 1/0 1/0 3 Motor/ Bank $02 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $01 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 34 ADDRESSING BOTH OUTPUT LINES WITH ONE SIO COMMAND: - Set the type parameter to 255 and the bank parameter to 2. The value parameter must then be set to a value between 0… 255, where every bit represents one output line. Furthermore, the value can also be set to -1. In this special case, the contents of the lower 8 bits of the accumulator are copied to the output pins. Example: Set all output pins high. Mnemonic: SIO 255, 2, 3 THE FOLLOWING PROGRAM WILL SHOW THE STATES OF THE INPUT LINES ON THE OUTPUT LINES: Loop: GIO 255, 0 SIO 255, 2,-1 JA Loop SPECIAL COMMAND FOR SWITCHING THE PULL-UP RESISTORS FOR STOP_L, STOP_R, AND HOME Pin 5 6 7 I/O port STOP_L / IN_1 STOP_R / IN_2 HOME / IN_3 www.trinamic.com Command SIO 0, 0,<n> Range 1/0 1: ON 0: OFF TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 35 3.5.15 GIO (get input /output) With this command the status of all general purpose inputs of the module can be read out. The function reads a digital or analogue input port. Digital lines will read 0 and 1, while the ADC channels deliver their 12 bit result in the range of 0… 4095. GIO IN STANDALONE MODE In standalone mode the requested value is copied to the accumulator (accu) for further processing purposes such as conditioned jumps. GIO IN DIRECT MODE In direct mode the value is only output in the value field of the reply, without affecting the accumulator. The actual status of a digital output line can also be read. Internal function: the specified line is read. Related commands: SIO, WAIT Mnemonic: GIO <port number>, <bank number> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 15 TYPE <port number> Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK VALUE <status of the port> MOT/BANK <bank number> VALUE don’t care Example: Get the analogue value of ADC channel 0 Mnemonic: GIO 0, 1 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) Reply: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 Targetaddress $01 Instruction Number 1 $0f $00 0 Hostaddress $02 1 Targetaddress $01 2 Status Status = no error, value = 320 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $64 3 Motor/ Bank $01 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 3 Instructio n $0f 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $01 7 Operand Byte0 $2e TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 36 1 Interface USB In/Out 1 1 Motor 1 Figure 3.2 Connectors 3.5.15.1 I/O Bank 0 – Digital Inputs The ADIN lines can be read as digital or analogue inputs at the same time. The analogue values can be accessed in bank 1. Pin 5 6 7 8 I/O port IN_0 IN_1 IN_2 IN_3 Command GIO 0, 0 <n> GIO 1, 0, <n> GIO 2, 0, <n> GIO 3, 0, <n> Range 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1 FURTHER READ-OUT COMMANDS I/O port S/D ENABLE input 0 active 1 off Limited performance because of double seizure of I/O port. Command GIO 12, 0 READING ALL DIGITAL INPUTS WITH ONE GIO COMMAND: - Set the type parameter to 255 and the bank parameter to 0. In this case the status of all digital input lines will be read to the lower eight bits of the accumulator. USE FOLLOWING PROGRAM TO REPRESENT THE STATES OF THE INPUT LINES ON THE OUTPUT LINES: Loop: GIO 255, 0 SIO 255, 2,-1 JA Loop 3.5.15.2 I/O Bank 1 – Analogue Inputs The ADIN lines can be read back as digital or analogue inputs at the same time. The digital states can be accessed in bank 0. Pin 5 I/O port IN_0 Command GIO 0, 1, <n> Range 0… 4095 READ OUT OPERATING VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE I/O port Operating voltage [1/10 V] Temperature [˚C] www.trinamic.com Command GIO 8, 1 GIO 9, 1 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 37 3.5.15.3 I/O Bank 2 –States of Digital Outputs The states of the OUT lines (that have been set by SIO commands) can be read back using bank 2. Pin 3 4 I/O port OUT_0 OUT_1 Command GIO 0, 2, <n> GIO 1, 2, <n> Range 1/0 1/0 3.5.16 CALC (calculate) A value in the accumulator variable, previously read by a function such as GAP (get axis parameter) can be modified with this instruction. Nine different arithmetic functions can be chosen and one constant operand value must be specified. The result is written back to the accumulator, for further processing like comparisons or data transfer. Related commands: CALCX, COMP, JC, AAP, AGP, GAP, GGP Mnemonic: CALC <operation>, <value> where <op> is ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, MOD, AND, OR, XOR, NOT or LOAD Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE ADD – add to accu SUB – subtract from accu MUL – multiply accu by DIV – divide accu by MOD – modulo divide by AND – logical and accu with OR – logical or accu with XOR – logical exor accu with NOT – logical invert accu LOAD – load operand to accu (don't care) <operand> Example: Multiply accu by -5000 Mnemonic: CALC MUL, -5000 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 1 Target- Instruction address Number $01 $13 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $02 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $FF 5 Operand Byte2 $FF 6 Operand Byte1 $EC 7 Operand Byte0 $78 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 38 3.5.17 COMP (compare) The specified number is compared to the value in the accumulator register. The result of the comparison can for example be used by the conditional jump (JC) instruction. This command is intended for use in standalone operation only. The host address and the reply are only used to take the instruction to the TMCL program memory while the program loads down. It does not make sense to use this command in direct mode. Internal function: The specified value is compared to the internal accumulator, which holds the value of a preceding get or calculate instruction (see GAP/GGP/ CALC/CALCX). The internal arithmetic status flags are set according to the comparison result. Related commands: JC (jump conditional), GAP, GGP, CALC, CALCX Mnemonic: COMP <value> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 20 TYPE (don't care) MOT/BANK (don't care) VALUE <comparison value> Example: Jump to the address given by the label when the position of motor is greater than or equal to 1000. GAP 1, 2, 0 COMP 1000 JC GE, Label //get axis parameter, type: no. 1 (actual position), motor: 0, value: 0 (don't care) //compare actual value to 1000 //jump, type: 5 greater/equal, the label must be defined somewhere else in the program Binary format of the COMP 1000 command: Byte Index 0 1 2 Function Target- Instruction Type address Number Value (hex) $01 $14 $00 www.trinamic.com 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $03 7 Operand Byte0 $e8 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 39 3.5.18 JC (jump conditional) The JC instruction enables a conditional jump to a fixed address in the TMCL program memory, if the specified condition is met. The conditions refer to the result of a preceding comparison. Please refer to COMP instruction for examples. This function is for standalone operation only. The host address and the reply are only used to take the instruction to the TMCL program memory while the program loads down. It does not make sense to use this command in direct mode. See the host-only control functions for details. Internal function: the TMCL program counter is set to the passed value if the arithmetic status flags are in the appropriate state(s). Related commands: JA, COMP, WAIT, CLE Mnemonic: JC <condition>, <label> where <condition>=ZE|NZ|EQ|NE|GT|GE|LT|LE|ETO|EAL|EDV|EPO Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 21 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE 0 ZE - zero 1 NZ - not zero 2 EQ - equal 3 NE - not equal 4 GT - greater 5 GE - greater/equal 6 LT - lower 7 LE - lower/equal 8 ETO - time out error 9 EAL – external alarm 12 ESD – shutdown error (don't care) <jump address> Example: Jump to address given by the label when the position of motor is greater than or equal to 1000. GAP 1, 0, 0 //get axis parameter, type: no. 1 (actual position), motor: 0, value: 0 (don't care) COMP 1000 //compare actual value to 1000 JC GE, Label //jump, type: 5 greater/equal ... ... Label: ROL 0, 1000 Binary format of JC GE, Label when Label is at address 10: Byte Index 0 1 2 3 4 Function Target- Instruction Type Motor/ Operand address Number Bank Byte3 Value (hex) $01 $15 $05 $00 $00 www.trinamic.com 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $0a TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 40 3.5.19 JA (jump always) Jump to a fixed address in the TMCL program memory. This command is intended for standalone operation only. The host address and the reply are only used to take the instruction to the TMCL program memory while the program loads down. This command cannot be used in direct mode. Internal function: the TMCL program counter is set to the passed value. Related commands: JC, WAIT, CSUB Mnemonic: JA <Label> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 22 TYPE (don't care) MOT/BANK (don't care) VALUE <jump address> Example: An infinite loop in TMCL™ Loop: MVP ABS, 0, 10000 WAIT POS, 0, 0 MVP ABS, 0, 0 WAIT POS, 0, 0 JA Loop //Jump to the label Loop Binary format of JA Loop assuming that the label Loop is at address 20: Byte Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 Function Target- Instruction Type Motor/ Operand Operand address Number Bank Byte3 Byte2 Value (hex) $01 $16 $00 $00 $00 $00 www.trinamic.com 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $14 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 41 3.5.20 CSUB (call subroutine) This function calls a subroutine in the TMCL program memory. It is intended for standalone operation only. The host address and the reply are only used to take the instruction to the TMCL program memory while the program loads down. This command cannot be used in direct mode. Internal function: The actual TMCL program counter value is saved to an internal stack, afterwards overwritten with the passed value. The number of entries in the internal stack is limited to 8. This also limits nesting of subroutine calls to 8. The command will be ignored if there is no more stack space left. Related commands: RSUB, JA Mnemonic: CSUB <Label> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 23 TYPE (don't care) MOT/BANK (don't care) VALUE <subroutine address> Example: Call a subroutine Loop: MVP ABS, 0, 10000 CSUB SubW //Save program counter and jump to label SubW MVP ABS, 0, 0 JA Loop SubW: WAIT POS, 0, 0 WAIT TICKS, 0, 50 RSUB //Continue with the command following the CSUB command Binary format of the CSUB SubW command assuming that the label SubW is at address 100: Byte Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Function Target- Instruction Type Motor/ Operand Operand Operand address Number Bank Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Value (hex) $01 $17 $00 $00 $00 $00 $00 www.trinamic.com 7 Operand Byte0 $64 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 42 3.5.21 RSUB (return from subroutine) Return from a subroutine to the command after the CSUB command. This command is intended for use in standalone mode only. The host address and the reply are only used to take the instruction to the TMCL program memory while the program loads down. This command cannot be used in direct mode. Internal function: The TMCL program counter is set to the last value of the stack. The command will be ignored if the stack is empty. Related command: CSUB Mnemonic: RSUB Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 24 TYPE (don't care) MOT/BANK (don't care) VALUE (don't care) Example: please see the CSUB example (section 3.5.20). Binary format of RSUB: Byte Index 0 1 Function Target- Instruction address Number Value (hex) $01 $18 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 43 3.5.22 WAIT (wait for an event to occur) This instruction interrupts the execution of the TMCL program until the specified condition is met. This command is intended for standalone operation only. The host address and the reply are only used to take the instruction to the TMCL program memory while the program loads down. This command cannot be used in direct mode. There are five different wait conditions that can be used: TICKS: Wait until the number of timer ticks specified by the <ticks> parameter has been reached. POS: Wait until the target position of the motor specified by the <motor> parameter has been reached. An optional timeout value (0 for no timeout) must be specified by the <ticks> parameter. REFSW: Wait until the reference switch of the motor specified by the <motor> parameter has been triggered. An optional timeout value (0 for no timeout) must be specified by the <ticks> parameter. LIMSW: Wait until a limit switch of the motor specified by the <motor> parameter has been triggered. An optional timeout value (0 for no timeout) must be specified by the <ticks> parameter. RFS: Wait until the reference search of the motor specified by the <motor> field has been reached. An optional timeout value (0 for no timeout) must be specified by the <ticks> parameter. The timeout flag (ETO) will be set after a timeout limit has been reached. You can then use a JC ETO command to check for such errors or clear the error using the CLE command. Internal function: The TMCL program counter is held until the specified condition is met. Related commands: JC, CLE Mnemonic: WAIT <condition>, 0, <ticks> where <condition> is TICKS|POS|REFSW|LIMSW|RFS Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. TYPE 0 TICKS - timer ticks*1 1 POS - target position reached 2 REFSW – reference switch 27 MOT/BANK don’t care <motor>*2 <motor>*2 <motor>*2 3 LIMSW – limit switch 4 RFS – reference search completed <motor>*2 VALUE <no. of ticks*1> <no. of ticks*1 for 0 for no timeout <no. of ticks*1 for 0 for no timeout <no. of ticks*1 for 0 for no timeout <no. of ticks*1 for 0 for no timeout timeout>, timeout>, timeout>, timeout>, *1 one tick is 10 milliseconds (in standard firmware) *2 motor number is always O as only one motor is involved Example: Wait for motor to reach its target position, without timeout Mnemonic: WAIT POS, 0, 0 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 1 Target- Instruction address Number $01 $1b www.trinamic.com 2 Type $01 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 44 3.5.23 STOP (stop TMCL program execution) This function stops executing a TMCL program. The host address and the reply are only used to transfer the instruction to the TMCL program memory. This command should be placed at the end of every standalone TMCL program. It is not to be used in direct mode. Internal function: TMCL instruction fetching is stopped. Related commands: none Mnemonic: STOP Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 28 TYPE (don't care) MOT/BANK (don't care) VALUE (don't care) Example: Mnemonic: STOP Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 1 Target- Instruction address Number $01 $1c www.trinamic.com 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 45 3.5.24 CALCX (calculate using the X register) This instruction is very similar to CALC, but the second operand comes from the X register. The X register can be loaded with the LOAD or the SWAP type of this instruction. The result is written back to the accumulator for further processing like comparisons or data transfer. Related commands: CALC, COMP, JC, AAP, AGP Mnemonic: CALCX <operation> with <operation>=ADD|SUB|MUL|DIV|MOD|AND|OR|XOR|NOT|LOAD|SWAP Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 33 TYPE 0 ADD – add X register to accu 1 SUB – subtract X register from accu 2 MUL – multiply accu by X register 3 DIV – divide accu by X-register 4 MOD – modulo divide accu by x-register 5 AND – logical and accu with X-register 6 OR – logical or accu with X-register 7 XOR – logical exor accu with X-register 8 NOT – logical invert X-register 9 LOAD – load accu to X-register 10 SWAP – swap accu with X-register Example: Multiply accu by X-register Mnemonic: CALCX MUL Binary: Byte Index 0 1 Function Target- Instruction address Number Value (hex) $01 $21 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $02 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 MOT/BANK (don't care) 5 Operand Byte2 $00 VALUE (don't care) 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 46 3.5.25 AAP (accumulator to axis parameter) The content of the accumulator register is transferred to the specified axis parameter. For practical usage, the accumulator has to be loaded e.g. by a preceding GAP instruction. The accumulator may have been modified by the CALC or CALCX (calculate) instruction. For a table with parameters and values which can be used together with this command please refer to chapter 4. Related commands: AGP, SAP, GAP, SGP, GGP, CALC, CALCX Mnemonic: AAP <parameter number>, 0 Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 34 TYPE <parameter number> MOT/BANK 0* VALUE <don't care> * Motor number is always 0 as only one motor is involved Reply in direct mode: STATUS VALUE 100 – OK (don't care) Example: Positioning motor by a potentiometer connected to the analogue input #0: Start: GIO 0,1 CALC MUL, 4 AAP 0,0 JA Start // // // // get value of analogue input line 0 multiply by 4 transfer result to target position of motor 0 jump back to start Binary format of the AAP 0,0 command: Byte Index 0 1 2 Function Target- Instruction Type address Number Value (hex) $01 $22 $00 www.trinamic.com 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 47 3.5.26 AGP (accumulator to global parameter) The content of the accumulator register is transferred to the specified global parameter. For practical usage, the accumulator has to be loaded e.g. by a preceding GAP instruction. The accumulator may have been modified by the CALC or CALCX (calculate) instruction. Note that the global parameters in bank 0 are EEPROM-only and thus should not be modified automatically by a standalone application. (See chapter 5 for a complete list of global parameters). Related commands: AAP, SGP, GGP, SAP, GAP Mnemonic: AGP <parameter number>, <bank number> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 35 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE <parameter number> <bank number> (don't care) Reply in direct mode: STATUS 100 – OK VALUE (don't care) Example: Copy accumulator to TMCL user variable #3 Mnemonic: AGP 3, 2 Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 1 Target- Instruction address Number $01 $23 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $03 3 Motor/ Bank $02 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 48 3.5.27 CLE (clear error flags) This command clears the internal error flags. It is intended for use in standalone mode only and must not be used in direct mode. The following error flags can be cleared by this command (determined by the <flag> parameter): ALL: clear all error flags. ETO: clear the timeout flag. EAL: clear the external alarm flag EDV: clear the deviation flag EPO: clear the position error flag Related commands: JC Mnemonic: CLE <flags> where <flags>=ALL|ETO|EDV|EPO Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 36 0 1 2 3 4 5 – – – – – – TYPE (ALL) all flags (ETO) timeout flag (EAL) alarm flag (EDV) deviation flag (EPO) position flag (ESD) shutdown flag MOT/BANK (don't care) VALUE (don't care) Example: Reset the timeout flag Mnemonic: CLE ETO Binary: Byte Index Function Value (hex) 0 1 Target- Instruction address Number $01 $24 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $01 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 49 3.5.28 VECT (set interrupt vector) The VECT command defines an interrupt vector. It needs an interrupt number and a label as parameter (like in JA, JC and CSUB commands). This label must be the entry point of the interrupt handling routine. Related commands: EI, DI, RETI Mnemonic: VECT <interrupt number>, <label> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 37 TYPE <interrupt number> MOT/BANK don’t care VALUE <label> THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS ALL INTERRUPT VECTORS THAT CAN BE USED: Interrupt number 0 1 2 3 15 21 27 28 39 40 41 42 Interrupt type Timer 0 Timer 1 Timer 2 (Target) position reached Stall (stallGuard2™) Deviation Stop left Stop right IN_0 change IN_1 change IN_2 change IN_3 change Example: Define interrupt vector at target position 500 VECT 3, 500 Binary format of VECT: Byte Index 0 Function Targetaddress Value (hex) $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $25 2 Type $03 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $01 7 Operand Byte0 $F4 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 50 3.5.29 EI (enable interrupt) The EI command enables an interrupt. It needs the interrupt number as parameter. Interrupt number 255 globally enables interrupts. Related command: DI, VECT, RETI Mnemonic: EI <interrupt number> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 25 TYPE <interrupt number> MOT/BANK don’t care VALUE don’t care THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS ALL INTERRUPT VECTORS THAT CAN BE USED: Interrupt number 0 1 2 3 15 21 27 28 39 40 41 42 Interrupt type Timer 0 Timer 1 Timer 2 (Target) position reached Stall (stallGuard2™) Deviation Stop left Stop right IN_0 change IN_1 change IN_2 change IN_3 change Examples: Enable interrupts globally EI, 255 Binary format of EI: Byte Index 0 1 Function Target- Instruction address Number Value (hex) $01 $19 2 Type $FF 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 Enable interrupt when target position reached EI, 3 Binary format of EI: Byte Index 0 1 Function Target- Instruction address Number Value (hex) $01 $19 www.trinamic.com 2 Type $03 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 51 3.5.30 DI (disable interrupt) The DI command disables an interrupt. It needs the interrupt number as parameter. Interrupt number 255 globally disables interrupts. Related command: EI, VECT, RETI Mnemonic: DI <interrupt number> Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 26 TYPE <interrupt number> MOT/BANK don’t care VALUE don’t care THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS ALL INTERRUPT VECTORS THAT CAN BE USED: Interrupt number 0 1 2 3 15 21 27 28 39 40 41 42 Interrupt type Timer 0 Timer 1 Timer 2 (Target) position reached Stall (stallGuard2™) Deviation Stop left Stop right IN_0 change IN_1 change IN_2 change IN_3 change Examples: Disable interrupts globally DI, 255 Binary format of DI: Byte Index 0 Function Targetaddress Value (hex) $01 1 Instruction Number $1A 2 Type $FF 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 7 Operand Byte0 $00 Disable interrupt when target position reached DI, 3 Binary format of DI: Byte Index 0 Function Targetaddress Value (hex) $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $1A 2 Type $03 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 52 3.5.31 RETI (return from interrupt) This command terminates the interrupt handling routine, and the normal program execution continues. At the end of an interrupt handling routine the RETI command must be executed. Internal function: the saved registers (A register, X register, flags) are copied back. Normal program execution continues. Related commands: EI, DI, VECT Mnemonic: RETI Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 38 TYPE don’t care MOT/BANK don’t care VALUE don’t care Example: Terminate interrupt handling and continue with normal program execution RETI Binary format of RETI: Byte Index 0 Function Targetaddress Value (hex) $01 www.trinamic.com 1 Instruction Number $26 2 Type $00 3 Motor/ Bank $00 4 Operand Byte3 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $01 7 Operand Byte0 $00 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 53 3.5.32 Customer specific TMCL command extension (UF0… UF7/user function) The user definable functions UF0… UF7 are predefined, functions without topic for user specific purposes. Contact TRINAMIC for the customer specific programming of these functions. Internal function: Call user specific functions implemented in C by TRINAMIC. Related commands: none Mnemonic: UF0… UF7 Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 64… 71 Reply in direct mode: Byte Index 0 Function Targetaddress Value (hex) $02 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE (user defined) (user defined) (user defined) 1 Targetaddress $01 2 Status (user defined) 3 Instructio n 64… 71 4 Operand Byte3 (user defined) 5 Operand Byte2 (user defined) 6 Operand Byte1 (user defined) 7 Operand Byte0 (user defined) 3.5.33 Request target position reached event This command is the only exception to the TMCL protocol, as it sends two replies: One immediately after the command has been executed (like all other commands also), and one additional reply that will be sent when the motor has reached its target position. This instruction can only be used in direct mode (in standalone mode, it is covered by the WAIT command) and hence does not have a mnemonic. Internal function: Send an additional reply when the motor has reached its target position Mnemonic: --Binary representation: INSTRUCTION NO. 138 TYPE MOT/BANK VALUE (don’t care) (don’t care) 0* * Motor number Reply in direct mode (right after execution of this command): Byte Index 0 1 2 3 4 Function TargetTargetStatus Instructio Operand address address n Byte3 Value (hex) $02 $01 100 138 $00 5 Operand Byte2 $00 6 Operand Byte1 $00 Additional reply in direct mode (after motors have reached their target positions): Byte Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Function TargetTargetStatus Instructio Operand Operand Operand address address n Byte3 Byte2 Byte1 Value (hex) $02 $01 128 138 $00 $00 $00 www.trinamic.com 7 Operand Byte0 Motor bit mask 7 Operand Byte0 Motor bit mask TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 54 3.5.34 TMCL Control Functions The following functions are for host control purposes only and are not allowed for standalone mode. In most cases, there is no need for the customer to use one of those functions (except command 139). They are mentioned here only for reasons of completeness. These commands have no mnemonics, as they cannot be used in TMCL programs. The Functions are to be used only by the TMCL-IDE to communicate with the module, for example to download a TMCL application into the module. The only control commands that could be useful for a user host application are: - get firmware revision (command 136, please note the special reply format of this command, described at the end of this section) run application (command 129) All other functions can be achieved by using the appropriate functions of the TMCL-IDE. Instruction 128 – stop application 129 – run application Description a running TMCL standalone application is stopped TMCL execution is started (or continued) Type (don't care) 0 - run from current address 1 - run from specified address 130 – step application only the next command of a (don't care) TMCL application is executed 131 – reset application the program counter is set to (don't care) zero, and the standalone application is stopped (when running or stepped) 132 – start download target command execution is (don't care) mode stopped and all following commands are transferred to the TMCL memory 133 – quit download target command execution is (don't care) mode resumed 134 – read TMCL the specified program memory (don't care) memory location is read 135 – get application one of these values is (don't care) status returned: 0 – stop 1 – run 2 – step 3 – reset 136 – get firmware return the module type and 0 – string version firmware revision either as a 1 – binary string or in binary format 137 – restore factory reset all settings stored in the (don’t care) settings EEPROM to their factory defaults This command does not send back a reply. www.trinamic.com Mot/Bank Value (don't care) (don't care) (don't care) (don't care) starting address (don't care) (don't care) (don't care) (don't care) (don't care) starting address of the application (don't care) (don't care) (don't care) <memory address> (don't care) (don't care) (don’t care) (don’t care) (don’t care) must be 1234 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Special reply format of command 136: Type set to 0 - reply as a string: Byte index 1 2… 9 Contents Host Address Version string (8 characters, e.g. 1161V1.27) There is no checksum in this reply format! Type set to 1 - version number in binary format: - Please use the normal reply format. The version number is output in the value field of the reply in the following way: Byte index in value field 1 2 3 4 www.trinamic.com Contents Version number, low byte Version number, high byte Type number, low byte Type number, high byte 55 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 56 4 Axis parameters The following sections describe all axis parameters that can be used with the SAP, GAP, AAP, STAP and RSAP commands. Meaning of the letters in column Access: Access type R W E Related command(s) GAP SAP, AAP STAP, RSAP Description Parameter readable Parameter writable Parameter automatically restored from EEPROM after reset or power-on. These parameters can be stored permanently in EEPROM using STAP command and also explicitly restored (copied back from EEPROM into RAM) using RSAP. Basic parameters should be adjusted to motor / application for proper module operation. Parameters for the more experienced user – please do not change unless you are absolutely sure. Number 0 1 2 3 Axis Parameter Target (next) position Actual position Target (next) speed Actual speed Description The desired position in position mode (see ramp mode, no. 138). The current position of the motor. Should only be overwritten for reference point setting. The desired speed in velocity mode (see ramp mode, no. 138). In position mode, this parameter is set by hardware: to the maximum speed during acceleration, and to zero during deceleration and rest. The current rotation speed. Range [Unit] 231-1 [µsteps] 231-1 [µsteps] Acc. RW 2047 RW 16MHz 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 μsteps [ ∙2 ] 65536 sec 2047 [ 4 Maximum positioning speed 5 Maximum acceleration 6 Absolute max. current (CS / Current Scale) RW 16MHz 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 μsteps ∙2 ] 65536 sec Should not exceed the physically highest 0… 2047 RWE possible value. Adjust the pulse divisor (axis parameter 154), if the speed value is very low [16MHz ∙ 2𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 μsteps] 65536 sec (<50) or above the upper limit. The limit for acceleration (and deceleration). 0… 2047*1 RWE Changing this parameter requires recalculation of the acceleration factor (no. 146) and the acceleration divisor (no. 137), which is done automatically. See TMC 429 datasheet for calculation of physical units. The maximum value is 255. This value means 0… 255 RWE 100% of the maximum current of the module. 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 4𝐴 255 The current adjustment is within the range 0… 2.8𝐴 255 and can be adjusted in 32 steps. 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 0… 7 8… 15 16… 23 24… 31 32… 39 40… 47 48… 55 56… 63 64… 71 72… 79 79…87 88… 95 96… 103 104… 111 112… 119 120… 127 128… 135 136… 143 144… 151 152… 159 160… 168… 176… 184… 192… 200… 208… 216… 224… 232… 167 175 183 191 199 207 215 223 231 239 240… 247 248… 255 The most important motor setting, since too high values might cause motor damage! www.trinamic.com RW 255 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Number 7 Axis Parameter Standby current 57 Description Range [Unit] The current limit two seconds after the motor 0… 255 4𝐴 has stopped. 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× Acc. RWE 255 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 8 9 10 11 12 13 130 Target pos. reached Ref. switch status Right limit switch status Left limit switch status Right limit switch disable Left limit switch disable Minimum speed Indicates that the actual position equals the 0/1 target position. The logical state of the reference home 0/1 switch. The logical state of the (right) limit switch. 0/1 The logical state of the left limit switch (in three switch mode) If set, deactivates the stop function of the right switch Deactivates the stop function of the left switch resp. reference switch if set. Should always be set 1 to ensure exact reaching of the target position. 138 Actual acceleration Ramp mode 140 Microstep resolution 149 Soft stop flag 153 Ramp divisor 154 Pulse divisor www.trinamic.com R R R 0/1 R 0/1 RWE 0/1 RWE 0… 2047 Default = 1 RWE [ 135 2.8𝐴 255 16MHz 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 μsteps ∙2 ] 65536 sec The current acceleration (read only). 0… 2047* R Automatically set when using ROR, ROL, MST and MVP. 0: position mode. Steps are generated, when the parameters actual position and target position differ. Trapezoidal speed ramps are provided. 2: velocity mode. The motor will run continuously and the speed will be changed with constant (maximum) acceleration, if the parameter target speed is changed. For special purposes, the soft mode (value 1) with exponential decrease of speed can be selected. 0 full step 1 half step 2 4 microsteps 3 8 microsteps 4 16 microsteps 5 32 microsteps 6 64 microsteps 7 128 microsteps 8 256 microsteps If cleared, the motor will stop immediately (disregarding motor limits), when the reference or limit switch is hit. The exponent of the scaling factor for the ramp generator- should be de/incremented carefully (in steps of one). The exponent of the scaling factor for the pulse (step) generator – should be de/incremented carefully (in steps of one). 0/1/2 RWE 0… 8 RWE 0/1 RWE 0… 13 RWE 0… 13 RWE TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Number 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 Axis Parameter Step interpolation enable Description Step interpolation is supported with a 16 microstep setting only. In this setting, each step impulse at the input causes the execution of 16 times 1/256 microsteps. This way, a smooth motor movement like in 256 microstep resolution is achieved. 0 – step interpolation off 1 – step interpolation on Double step Every edge of the cycle releases a enable step/microstep. It does not make sense to activate this parameter for internal use. Double step enable can be used with Step/Dir interface. 0 – double step off 1 – double step on Chopper blank Selects the comparator blank time. This time time needs to safely cover the switching event and the duration of the ringing on the sense resistor. For low current drivers, a setting of 1 or 2 is good. Chopper mode Selection of the chopper mode: 0 – spread cycle 1 – classic const. off time Chopper Hysteresis decrement setting. This setting hysteresis determines the slope of the hysteresis during decrement on time and during fast decay time. 0 – fast decrement 3 – very slow decrement Chopper Hysteresis end setting. Sets the hysteresis end hysteresis end value after a number of decrements. Decrement interval time is controlled by axis parameter 164. -3… -1 negative hysteresis end setting 0 zero hysteresis end setting 1… 12 positive hysteresis end setting Chopper Hysteresis start setting. Please remark, that hysteresis start this value is an offset to the hysteresis end value. Chopper off time The off time setting controls the minimum chopper frequency. An off time within the range of 5µs to 20µs will fit. 58 Range [Unit] 0/1 Acc. RW 0/1 RW 0… 3 RW 0/1 RW 0… 3 RW -3… 12 RW 0… 8 RW 0 / 2… 15 RW Off time setting for constant tOff chopper: NCLK= 12 + 32*tOFF (Minimum is 64 clocks) 168 Setting this parameter to zero completely disables all driver transistors and the motor can free-wheel. smartEnergy Sets the lower motor current limit for 0/1 current minimum coolStep™ operation by scaling the CS (SEIMIN) (Current Scale, see axis parameter 6) value. minimum motor current: 0 – 1/2 of CS 1 – 1/4 of CS www.trinamic.com RW TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Number 169 Axis Parameter smartEnergy current down step 59 Description Range [Unit] Sets the number of stallGuard2™ readings 0… 3 above the upper threshold necessary for each current decrement of the motor current. Acc. RW Number of stallGuard2™ measurements per decrement: 170 smartEnergy hysteresis Scaling: 0… 3: 32, 8, 2, 1 0: slow decrement 3: fast decrement Sets the distance between the lower and the 0… 15 upper threshold for stallGuard2™ reading. Above the upper threshold the motor current becomes decreased. RW Hysteresis: (smartEnergy hysteresis value + 1) * 32 171 smartEnergy current up step Upper stallGuard threshold: (smartEnergy hysteresis start + smartEnergy hysteresis + 1) * 32 Sets the current increment step. The current 1… 3 becomes incremented for each measured stallGuard2™ value below the lower threshold (see smartEnergy hysteresis start). RW current increment step size: 172 173 smartEnergy hysteresis start stallGuard2™ filter enable 174 stallGuard2™ threshold 175 Slope control high side 176 Slope control low side www.trinamic.com Scaling: 0… 3: 1, 2, 4, 8 0: slow increment 3: fast increment / fast reaction to rising load The lower threshold for the stallGuard2™ value (see smart Energy current up step). Enables the stallGuard2™ filter for more precision of the measurement. If set, reduces the measurement frequency to one measurement per four fullsteps. In most cases it is expedient to set the filtered mode before using coolStep™. Use the standard mode for step loss detection. 0 – standard mode 1 – filtered mode This signed value controls stallGuard2™ threshold level for stall output and sets the optimum measurement range for readout. A lower value gives a higher sensitivity. Zero is the starting value. A higher value makes stallGuard2™ less sensitive and requires more torque to indicate a stall. 0 Indifferent value 1… 63 less sensitivity -1… -64 higher sensitivity Determines the slope of the motor driver outputs. Set to 2 or 3 for this module or rather use the default value. 0: lowest slope 3: fastest slope Determines the slope of the motor driver outputs. Set identical to slope control high side. 0… 15 RW 0/1 RW -64… 63 RW 0… 3 RW 0… 3 RW TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Number 177 Axis Parameter short protection disable 178 Short detection timer 179 Vsense 180 smartEnergy actual current Description 0: Short to GND protection is on 1: Short to GND protection is disabled Use default value! 0: 3.2µs 1: 1.6µs 2: 1.2µs 3: 0.8µs Use default value! sense resistor voltage based current scaling 0: Full scale sense resistor voltage is 1/18 VDD 1: Full scale sense resistor voltage is 1/36 VDD (refers to a current setting of 31 and DAC value 255) Use default value. Do not change! This status value provides the actual motor current setting as controlled by coolStep™. The value goes up to the CS value and down to the portion of CS as specified by SEIMIN. 60 Range [Unit] 0/1 Acc. RW 0..3 RW 0/1 RW 0… 31 RW actual motor current scaling factor: 0 … 31: 1/32, 2/32, … 32/32 181 Stop on stall 182 smartEnergy threshold speed Below this speed motor will not be stopped. 0… 2047 RW Above this speed motor will stop in case stallGuard2™ load value reaches zero. Above this speed coolStep™ becomes 0… 2047 RW 16MHz 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 μsteps enabled. [ ∙2 ] 183 smartEnergy slow run current Sets the motor current which is used below 0… 255 the threshold speed. 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 65536 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 193 Ref. search mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 search left stop switch only 1… 8 search right stop switch, then search left stop switch search right stop switch, then search left stop switch from both sides search left stop switch from both sides search home switch in negative direction, reverse the direction when left stop switch reached search home switch in positive direction, reverse the direction when right stop switch reached search home switch in positive direction, ignore end switches search home switch in negative direction, ignore end switches Additional functions: - Add 128 to a mode value for inverting the home switch (can be used with mode 5… 8). - Add 64 to a mode for driving the right instead of the left reference switch (can be used with mode 1… 4). www.trinamic.com sec RW 4𝐴 255 2.8𝐴 255 RWE TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 61 Number 194 Axis Parameter Referencing search speed Description Range [Unit] For the reference search this value directly 0… 2047 specifies the search speed. Acc. RWE 195 Referencing switch speed 0… 2047 RWE 196 Distance end switches 0… 2.147.483.647 R 197 Last reference position Boost current Similar to parameter no. 194, the speed for the switching point calibration can be selected. This parameter provides the distance between the end switches after executing the RFS command (mode 2 or 3). Reference search: the last position before setting the counter to zero can be read out. Current used for acceleration and deceleration phases. If set to 0 the same current as set by axis parameter 6 will be used. -231… 231-1 [µsteps] 0… 255 R 200 204 206 207 208 Freewheeling Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 209 210 4𝐴 255 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× 2.8𝐴 255 Time after which the power to the motor will 0… 65535 be cut when its velocity has reached zero. 0 = never [msec] Actual load value Readout of the actual load value with used 0… 1023 for stall detection (stallGuard2™). Extended error 1 Motor stopped because of 1… 3 flags stallGuard2 detection. 2 Motor stopped because of encoder deviation. 3 Motor stopped because of (1) and (2). Will be reset automatically by the next motion command. Bit 0 stallGuard2 status TMC262 driver 0/1 (1: threshold reached) error flags Bit 1 RWE 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 =< 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 >× R R R Overtemperature (1: driver is shut down due to overtemperature) Pre-warning overtemperature (1: Threshold is exceeded) Short to ground A (1: Short condition detected, driver currently shut down) Short to ground B (1: Short condition detected, driver currently shut down) Open load A (1: no chopper event has happened during the last period with constant coil polarity) Open load B (1: no chopper event has happened during the last period with constant coil polarity) Stand still (1: No step impulse occurred on the step input during the last 2^20 clock cycles) Please refer to the TMC262 Datasheet for more information. Encoder position The value of an encoder register can be read [encoder steps] out or written. Encoder Prescaler for the encoder. See paragraph 6.2 prescaler www.trinamic.com RWE RW RWE TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Number 212 Axis Parameter Maximum encoder deviation 214 Power down delay 254 Step/dir mode Description When the actual position (parameter 1) and the encoder position (parameter 209) differ more than set here the motor will be stopped. This function is switched off when the maximum deviation is set to zero. Standstill period before the current is changed down to standby current. The standard value is 200 (value equates 2000msec). 0 1 2 3 4 5 * Unit of acceleration: www.trinamic.com Normal mode. Step/dir mode off. Use of the ENABLE input on step/dir connector to switch between hold current and run current (no automatic switching) Automatic switching between hold and run current: after the first step pulse the module automatically switches over to run current, and a configurable time after the last step pulse the module automatically switches back to hold current. The ENABLE input on the step/dir connector does not have any functionality. Always use run current, never switch to hold current. The ENABLE input on the step/dir connector does not have any functionality. Automatic current switching like (2), but the ENABLE input is used to switch the driver stage completely off or on. Always use run current like (3), but the ENABLE pin is used to switch the driver stage completely off or on. 16𝑀𝐻𝑧 2 microsteps 536870912∙2𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟+𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑝_𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 sec2 62 Range [Unit] 0… 65535 Acc. RWE [encoder steps] 1… 65535 [10msec] RWE 1… 5 RWE TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 63 4.1 stallGuard2 The module is equipped with TMC262 motor driver chip. The TMC262 features load measurement that can be used for stall detection. stallGuard2 delivers a sensorless load measurement of the motor as well as a stall detection signal. The measured value changes linear with the load on the motor in a wide range of load, velocity and current settings. At maximum motor load the stallGuard2 value goes to zero. This corresponds to a load angle of 90° between the magnetic field of the stator and magnets in the rotor. This also is the most energy efficient point of operation for the motor. Stall detection means that the motor will be stopped when the load gets too high. It is configured by axis parameter #174. Stall detection can also be used for finding the reference point. Do not use RFS in this case. 4.2 coolStep Related Axis Parameters The figure below gives an overview of the coolStep related parameters. Please have in mind that the figure shows only one example for a drive. There are parameters which concern the configuration of the current. Other parameters are for velocity regulation and for time adjustment. It is necessary to identify and configure the thresholds for current (I6, I7 and I183) and velocity (V182). Furthermore the stallGuard2 feature has to be adjusted and enabled (SG170 and SG181). The reduction or increasing of the current in the coolStep area (depending on the load) has to be configured with parameters I169 and I171. In this chapter only basic axis parameters are mentioned which concern coolStep and stallGuard2. The complete list of axis parameters in chapter 4 contains further parameters which offer more configuration possibilities. coolStep™ adjustment points and thresholds Velocity Current I6 SG170 SG181 The current depends on the load of the motor. I183 I6 I6/2* V182 I7 I183 I183 I7 I7 coolStep™ area Time T214 area without coolStep™ I123 Current and parameter V123 Velocity and parameter T123 Time parameter SG123 stallGuard2™ parameter * The lower threshold of the coolStep™ current can be adjusted up to I6/4. Refer to parameter 168. Figure 4.1: coolStep™ adjustment points and thresholds www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Number I6 I7 I168 I169 I171 I183 64 Axis parameter Description The maximum value is 255. This value means 100% of the maximum current of the module. The current adjustment is within the range 0… 255 and can be adjusted in 32 steps (0… absolute max. current (CS / 255 divided by eight; e.g. step 0 = 0… 7, step 1 = 8… 15 and so Current Scale) on). The most important motor setting, since too high values might cause motor damage! standby current The current limit two seconds after the motor has stopped. Sets the lower motor current limit for coolStep™ operation by scaling the CS (Current Scale, see axis parameter 6) value. smartEnergy current minimum Minimum motor current: (SEIMIN) 0 – 1/2 of CS 1 – 1/4 of CS Sets the number of stallGuard2™ readings above the upper threshold necessary for each current decrement of the motor smartEnergy current down current. Number of stallGuard2™ measurements per decrement: step Scaling: 0… 3: 32, 8, 2, 1 0: slow decrement 3: fast decrement Sets the current increment step. The current becomes incremented for each measured stallGuard2™ value below the lower threshold (see smartEnergy hysteresis start). smartEnergy current up step smartEnergy slow run current SG170 smartEnergy hysteresis SG181 stop on stall V182 smartEnergy threshold speed T214 power down delay current increment step size: Scaling: 0… 3: 1, 2, 4, 8 0: slow increment 3: fast increment / fast reaction to rising load Sets the motor current which is used below the threshold speed. Please adjust the threshold speed with axis parameter 182. Sets the distance between the lower and the upper threshold for stallGuard2™ reading. Above the upper threshold the motor current becomes decreased. Below this speed motor will not be stopped. Above this speed motor will stop in case stallGuard2™ load value reaches zero. Above this speed coolStep™ becomes enabled. Standstill period before the current is changed down to standby current. The standard value is 200 (value equates 2000msec). For further information about the coolStep™ feature please refer to the TMC262 Datasheet. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 65 5 Global parameters Global parameters are grouped into 4 banks: - bank bank bank bank 0 1 2 3 (global configuration of the module) (user C variables) (user TMCL variables) (interrupt configuration) Please use SGP and GGP commands to write and read global parameters. 5.1 Bank 0 Parameters with numbers from 64 on configure stuff like the serial address of the module RS232/RS485 baud rate. Change these parameters to meet your needs. The best and easiest way to do this is to use the appropriate functions of the TMCL-IDE. The parameters with numbers between 64 and 128 are stored in EEPROM only. An SGP command on such a parameter will always store it permanently and no extra STGP command is needed. Take care when changing these parameters, and use the appropriate functions of the TMCL-IDE to do it in an interactive way. Meaning of the letters in column Access: Access Type R W E Related Command(s) GGP SGP, AGP STGP, RSGP Number 64 Parameter EEPROM magic 65 RS232/RS485 baud rate 66 serial address www.trinamic.com Description Parameter readable Parameter writable Parameter automatically restored from EEPROM after reset or power-on. These parameters can be stored permanently in EEPROM using STGP command and also explicitly restored (copied back from EEPROM into RAM) using RSGP. Description Range Setting this parameter to a different value as 0… 255 $E4 will cause re-initialization of the axis and global parameters (to factory defaults) after the next power up. This is useful in case of miss-configuration. 0 9600 baud Default 0… 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 14400 baud 19200 baud 28800 baud 38400 baud 57600 baud 76800 baud 115200 baud 230400 baud 250000 baud 500000 baud 1000000 baud Access RWE RWE Not supported by Windows! Not supported by Windows! Not supported by Windows! Not supported by Windows! Attention! The upper speed for RS232 is 115200 baud limited by the RS232 transceiver. The RS232 might work with higher speed but out of specification. The module (target) address for RS232/RS485. 0… 255 RWE TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) Number 67 Parameter ASCII mode 73 configuration EEPROM lock flag 75 telegram pause time 76 serial host address auto start mode 77 79 81 End switch polarity TMCL code protection 84 Coordinate storage 85 Do not restore user variables Serial secondary address TMCL application status 87 128 129 download mode 130 132 TMCL program counter tick timer 133 random number www.trinamic.com 66 Description Configure the TMCL ASCII interface: Bit 0: 0 – start up in binary (normal) mode 1 – start up in ASCII mode Bits 4 and 5: 00 – echo back each character 01 – echo back complete command 10 – do not send echo, only send command reply Write: 1234 to lock the EEPROM, 4321 to unlock it. Read: 1=EEPROM locked, 0=EEPROM unlocked. Pause time before the reply via RS232 or RS485 is sent. For RS232 set to 0. For RS485 it is often necessary to set it to 15 (for RS485 adapters controlled by the RTS pin). Host address used in the reply telegrams sent back via RS232 or RS485. 0: Do not start TMCL application after power up (default). 1: Start TMCL application automatically after power up. 0: normal polarity 1: reverse polarity Protect a TMCL program against disassembling or overwriting. 0 – no protection 1 – protection against disassembling 2 – protection against overwriting 3 – protection against disassembling and overwriting If you switch off the protection against disassembling, the program will be erased first! Changing this value from 1 or 3 to 0 or 2, the TMCL program will be wiped off. 0 – coordinates are stored in the RAM only (but can be copied explicitly between RAM and EEPROM) 1 – coordinates are always stored in the EEPROM only 0 – user variables are restored (default) 1 – user variables are not restored (default) Second module (target) address for RS485. Range Access RWE 0/1 RWE 0… 255 RWE 0… 255 RWE 0/1 RWE 0/1 RWE 0,1,2,3 RWE 0/1 RWE 0/1 RWE 0… 255 RWE 0 –stop 1 – run 2 – step 3 – reset 0 – normal mode 1 – download mode The index of the currently executed TMCL instruction. A 32 bit counter that gets incremented by one every millisecond. It can also be reset to any start value. Choose a random number. Read only! 0… 3 R 0/1 R R 0… 232 RW 0… 2147483647 R TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 67 5.2 Bank 1 The global parameter bank 1 is normally not available. It may be used for customer specific extensions of the firmware. Together with user definable commands (see section 7.3) these variables form the interface between extensions of the firmware (written in C) and TMCL applications. 5.3 Bank 2 Bank 2 contains general purpose 32 bit variables for the use in TMCL applications. They are located in RAM and the first 56 variables can be stored permanently in EEPROM, also. After booting, their values are automatically restored to the RAM. Up to 256 user variables are available. Meaning of the letters in column Access: Access Type R W E Related Command(s) GGP SGP, AGP STGP, RSGP Description Parameter readable Parameter writable Parameter automatically restored from EEPROM after reset or power-on. These parameters can be stored permanently in EEPROM using STGP command and also explicitly restored (copied back from EEPROM into RAM) using RSGP. GENERAL PURPOSE VARIABLES FOR TMCL APPLICATIONS (BANK 2) Number 0… 55 56… 255 Global parameter Description general purpose variables #0… for use in TMCL applications #55 general purpose variables #56… for use in TMCL applications #255 www.trinamic.com Range -231… +231 Access RWE -231… +231 RW TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 68 5.4 Bank 3 Bank 3 contains interrupt parameters. Some interrupts need configuration (e.g. the timer interval of a timer interrupt). This can be done using the SGP commands with parameter bank 3 (SGP <type>, 3, <value>). The parameter number defines the priority of an interrupt. Interrupts with a lower number have a higher priority. Meaning of the letters in column Access: Access type R W Related command(s) GGP SGP, AGP Description Parameter readable Parameter writable The following table shows all interrupt parameters that can be set. Number Global parameter Description Range 0 Timer 0 period (ms) Time between two interrupts (ms) 1 Timer 1 period (ms) Time between two interrupts (ms) 2 Timer 2 period (ms) Time between two interrupts (ms) 27 Stop left 0 trigger transition 28 39 Stop right 0 trigger transition Input 0 trigger transition 40 Input 1 trigger transition 41 Input 2 trigger transition 42 Input 3 trigger transition 0=off, 3=both 0=off, 3=both 0=off, 3=both 0=off, 3=both 0=off, 3=both 0=off, 3=both www.trinamic.com Acce ss RW 1=low-high, 2=high-low, 0… 4.294.967.295 [ms] 0… 4.294.967.295 [ms] 0… 4.294.967.295 [ms] 0… 3 1=low-high, 2=high-low, 0… 3 RW 1=low-high, 2=high-low, 0… 3 RW 1=low-high, 2=high-low, 0… 3 RW 1=low-high, 2=high-low, 0… 3 RW 1=low-high, 2=high-low, 0… 3 RW RW RW RW TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 69 6 Hints and Tips This chapter gives some hints and tips on using the functionality of TMCL, for example how to use and parameterize the built-in reference point search algorithm or the incremental sensOstep encoder. Further you will find basic information about stallGuard2 and coolStep. 6.1 Reference Search The built-in reference search features switching point calibration and support of one or two reference switches. The internal operation is based on a state machine that can be started, stopped and monitored (instruction RFS, no. 13). The settings of the automatic stop functions corresponding to the switches (axis parameters 12 and 13) have no influence on the reference search. Please note: - Until the reference switch is found for the first time, the searching speed is identical to the maximum positioning speed (axis parameter 4), unless reduced by axis parameter 194. - After hitting the reference switch, the motor slowly moves until the switch is released. Finally the switch is re-entered in the other direction, setting the reference point to the center of the two switching points. This low calibrating speed is a quarter of the maximum positioning speed by default (axis parameter 195). - The reference switch is connected in series with the left limit switch. The differentiation between the left limit switch and the home switch is made through software. Switches with open contacts (normally closed) are used. Choose one of these values for axis parameter 193: Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description search left stop switch only search right stop switch, then search left stop switch search right stop switch, then search left stop switch from both sides search left stop switch from both sides search home switch in negative direction, reverse the direction when left stop switch reached search home switch in positive direction, reverse the direction when right stop switch reached search home switch in positive direction, ignore end switches search home switch in negative direction, ignore end switches Adding 128 to these values reverses the polarity of the home switch input. The next two pages show all possible modes of reference search according to the specific commands on top of each drawing. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) SAP 193, 0, 1 negative limit switch Search left stop switch only. SAP 193, 0, 2 negative limit switch positive limit switch Search right stop switch, then search left stop switch. SAP 193, 0, 3 negative limit switch positive limit switch Search right stop switch, then search left stop switch from both sides. SAP 193, 0, 4 negative limit switch Search left stop switch from both sides. www.trinamic.com 70 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) SAP 193, 0, 5 negative limit switch positive limit switch home switch Search home switch in negative direction, reverse the direction when left stop switch reached. SAP 193, 0, 6 negative limit switch positive limit switch home switch Search home switch in positive direction, reverse the direction when right stop switch reached. SAP 193, 0, 7 home switch Search home switch in positive direction, ignore end switches. SAP 193, 0, 8 home switch Search home switch in negative direction, ignore end switches. www.trinamic.com 71 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 72 6.2 Changing the Prescaler Value of an Encoder The TMCM-1161 offers an integrated sensOstep encoder. The built-in encoder has 1024 steps/rotation. For the operation with encoder please consider the following hints: The encoder counter can be read by software and can be used to control the exact position of the motor. This also makes closed loop operation possible. To read out or to change the position value of the encoder, axis parameter #209 is used. So, to read out the position of your encoder 0 use GAP 209, 0. The position values can also be changed using command SAP 209, 0, <n>, with n = ± 0,1,2,… To change the encoder settings, axis parameter #210 is used. For changing the prescaler of the encoder 0 use SAP 210, 0, <p>. Automatic motor stop on deviation error is also usable. This can be set using axis parameter 212 (maximum deviation). This function is turned off when the maximum deviation is set to 0. To select a prescaler, the following values can be used for <p>: Value for <p> 25600 12800 6400 3200 1600 800 400 200 Resulting prescaler 50 (default) 25 12.5 6.25 3.125 1.5625 0.78125 0.390625 SAP command for motor 0 SAP 210, 0, <p> SAP 210, 0, 25600 SAP 210, 0, 12800 SAP 210, 0, 6400 SAP 210, 0, 3200 SAP 210, 0, 1600 SAP 210, 0, 800 SAP 210, 0, 400 SAP 210, 0, 200 Microstep solution of axis parameter 140 8 (256 micro steps) 7 (128 micro steps) 6 (64 micro steps) 5 (32 micro steps) 4 (16 micro steps) 3 (8 micro steps) 2 (4 micro steps) 1 (2 micro steps) The table above just shows a subset of those prescalers that can be selected. Also other values between those given in the table can be used. Only the values 1, 2, 4, and 16 must not be used for <p> (because they are needed to select the special encoder function below or rather are reserved for intern usage). Consider the following formula for your calculation: Example: 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑟 = 𝑝 512 <p> = 6400 6400/512 = 12.5 (prescaler) There is one special function that can also be configured using <p>. To select it just add the following value to <p>: Adder for <p> 4 SAP command for motor 0 SAP 210, M0, <p> Clear encoder with next null channel event Add up both <p> values from these tables to get the required value for the SAP 210 command. The resulting prescaler is Value/512. 6.3 Using the RS485 Interface With most RS485 converters that can be attached to the COM port of a PC the data direction is controlled by the RTS pin of the COM port. Please note that this will only work with Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows NT4, not with Windows 95, Windows 98 or Windows ME (due to a bug in these operating systems). Another problem is that Windows 2000/XP/NT4 switches the direction back to receive too late. To overcome this problem, set the telegram pause time (global parameter #75) of the module to 15 (or more if needed) by issuing an SGP 75, 0, 15 command in direct mode. The parameter will automatically be stored in the configuration EEPROM. www.trinamic.com TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 7 Life Support Policy TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG does not authorize or warrant any of its products for use in life support systems, without the specific written consent of TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG. Life support systems are equipment intended to support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions provided, can be reasonably expected to result in personal injury or death. © TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG 2013 Information given in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However neither responsibility is assumed for the consequences of its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties, which may result from its use. Specifications are subject to change without notice. All trademarks used are property of their respective owners. www.trinamic.com 73 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 74 8 Revision History 8.1 Firmware Revision Version 1.15 1.16 1.19 1.20 Date 2012-FEB-28 2012-MAY-16 2012-JUN-25 2012-OKT-04 1.21 1.22 2012-NOV-16 2013-JAN-21 1.23 2013-FEB-05 1.24 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.29 2013-FEB-20 2013-FEB-20 2013-AUG-30 2013-AUG-30 2013-AUG-30 2014-OKT-10 Description Release Global parameter 84 added Global parameter 79 added - Global parameter 87 (secondary address for RS232/RS485) added. - Reference search: the last position before setting the counter to zero can be read out with axis parameter 197. Parameter VSENSE set to 1. - Maximum read number of encoder increased. - Additional functions of axis parameter 193 (reference search mode): Add 128 to a value for inverting the home switch (interesting for mode 5… 8). Add 64 to a value for driving the right instead of the left reference switch (interesting for mode 1… 4). Reference search modes corrected. Mode 7 and mode 8: end switches are always deactivated. No changes related to the TMCM-1161. No changes related to the TMCM-1161. No changes related to the TMCM-1161 No changes related to the TMCM-1161 Problem with magnetic encoder fixed Problem with magnetic encoder fixed Table 8.1 Firmware revision 8.2 Document Revision Version Date Author SD – Sonja Dwersteg JP – Jonas P. Proeger 1.00 1.01 1.02 2011-JUN-30 2012-MAR-09 2012-MAY-17 SD SD SD 1.03 2012-JUL-30 SD 1.04 2012-NOV-19 SD 1.05 2013-MAR-27 SD 1.06 1.07 1.08 2013-SEP-03 2014-JUL-18 2014-OKT-10 JP JP JP Table 8.2 Document revision www.trinamic.com Description Preliminary version First complete version Minor changes - Global parameter 79 added - Global parameter 84 added - Axis parameter 141 deleted - SIO, GIO, RFS added Global parameter 65 updated - Interrupt command description completed. - Global parameters 84 and 85 added. - GIO command description and SIO command description updated. - Global parameter 67 (ASCII) added. - Global parameter 87 (secondary address for RS485) added. - Reference search: the last position before setting the counter to zero can be read out with axis parameter 197. - Axis parameter 193: new functions added. Revision history updated Axis Parameter 254 Value 0 addded Update to Firmware V1.29 TMCM-1161 TMCL Firmware V1.29 Manual (Rev. 1.08 / 2014-OKT-07) 9 References [TMCM-1161 / PD57/60-1161] [TMC262] [TMC429] [TMCL-IDE] [QSH5718] [QSH6018] TMCM-1161 and PD57/60-1161 Hardware Manual TMC262 Datasheet TMC429 Datasheet TMCL-IDE User Manual QSH5718 Manual QSH6018 Manual Please refer to www.trinamic.com. www.trinamic.com 75