YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Description Features YB7002 charge high voltage photoflash capacitors quickly and efficiently. Designed for use in digital and film cameras, these devices use flyback topology to achieve efficiencies up to four times better than the competing flash modules. A unique peak inductor current control mechanism maintains current-limited mode transformer operation throughout the entire charge cycle, eliminating the high inrush current often found in flash modules. Charge Any Size Photoflash Capacitor YB7002 output voltage sensing scheme monitors the flyback voltage to directly regulate the output voltage. This feature allows the capacitor to be held at a fully charged state without excessive power consumption. Adjustable refresh time is fully controllable by the user with a resistor. The DONE pin signals that the capacitor is full charged. Support Operation from Two AA Cells or Any Supply from 1.8V to 16V Use Standard Transformers No High Voltage Zener Diode Required Built in 40V Output Switch Adjustable Output Voltage Adjustable Peak Switch Current Automatic Refresh with Adjustable Timer Charge Complete Indicator Small 10-Lead MSOP Packages Applications Digital Camera Flash unit Film Camera Flash Unit High Voltage Power Supplies Typical Application Circuit Figure 1: Typical Application Circuit YB7002 Rev.1.1 www.yobon.com.tw 1 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Pin Configuration PGND 1 10 SW AGND 2 9 SW VIN 3 8 LIMIT VHYST 4 7 DONE VFB 5 6 EN MSOP10 Figure 2: Pin Configuration Pin Description Table 1 Pin 1 2 NAME PGND AGND Description Power Ground, tie solidly to system ground of the board. Analog Ground, tie solidly to system ground of the board. 3 VIN Input supply pin. Must be locally connected to bypassed capacitor to eliminate noise. 4 VHYST Connecting a resistor RHYST from VHYST to ground will set the refresh time. A 13.5KΩ resistor and RHYST form a divider circuit to restart the charging cycle once VFB is dropping below VHYST. 5 VFB A resistor divider from VOUT to ground enables the system to sense VOUT voltage and determine the charging and recharging cycles. 6 EN Device Enable, a 1.8V or above will turn on the IC. Below 0.4V will put the chip in shut down mode. 7 DONE Once VOUT voltage reaches above the designated value, DONE pin will be pulled low to indicate charging is completed. 8 LIMIT Tie a resistor Rlimit from Limit to ground will adjust the value of the peak Switch pin current. An 11μA current going through Rlimit sets up the peak voltage the sense node can reach (see the block diagram). 9, 10 SW They connect to the collector of the power NPN device. Ordering Information Order Number Package Type Supplied As Package Marking YB7002 MSOP10 2500 units Tape & Reel Please contact sales representative YB7002 Rev.1.1 www.yobon.com.tw 2 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions VIN..........................................................16V SW Voltage .............................................40V DONE .....................................................16V Current into DONE pin ...........................1mA Maximum Junction Temp, TJ (note)........125°C Storage Temperature Range .......-65°C to 50°C Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec).......300°C Vapor Phase (60 sec) ......................... 215°C Infrared (15 sec) ................................. 220°C Power Dissipation, PD@ TA=25°C....... 467mW Operating Temperature......... -40°C to 85°C Supply Voltage............................ 2V to 16V Maximum SW Voltage ..........................40V Thermal Resistance θJA .............................................74.18°C /W Electrical Characteristics Table 2 (VIN = 3.3V, TA=25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Description Symbol Test Conditions MIN TYP MAX Units 16 V Input Voltage Range VIN Quiescent Current IQ VFB = 1.5V 400 μA Shutdown Current ISD EN = 0V 10 μA FB Threshold Voltage VFB 1.25 V FB Pin Bias Current IFB 250 nA 1.2 1.3 A 1 10 μA Primary Site Peak Current Limit 2 1.21 VFB = 1.23V IPEAK,PRI SW Leakage Current ILKG Switch Off Time TOFF Switch Saturation Voltage VCE,SAT SW On/Off Hystersis ratio RLIMIT = 26KΩ 1.1 VSW = 40V, VFB = 1.5V 1000 220 ISW = 300mA VIH EN Pin Input Voltage Low VIL EN Pin Bias Current IEN DONE Pin Output Signal High DONE Pin Output Signal Low ns 340 8 RHYST = 150KΩ EN Pin Input Voltage High 1.23 mV % 1.8 V 0.4 VEN = 3V 4.5 15 VEN = 0V 0.01 1 VOH 100KΩ at VIN to DONE 3.3 VOL 33μA into DONE pin 100 V μA V 200 mV Note : Absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of maximum function temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction to ambient thermal resistance, θJA , and the ambient temperature. The maximum allowable, power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: PD(MAX)= [TJ(MAX)-TA]/θJA . Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard statistical methods. YB7002 Rev.1.1 www.yobon.com.tw 3 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Typical Performance Characteristics YB7002 Rev.1.1 www.yobon.com.tw 4 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Function Block Figure 3: Function Block Functional Description YB7002 employs the peak-current-limit scheme to control the charging of the inductor current. Once the inductor current reaches the preset value determined by the Limit Pin, output power NPN is shut off and the primary side energy is delivered to the secondary side capacitor. The discharging time is set to be about 1μs. Once the discharge cycle is completed, the power NPN is on again. If the secondary side output voltage has not yet reached the designated value, the inductor current will be charged up to the preset value again. This charging and discharging sequence will repeat itself until the output capacitor voltage gets to the designated value and triggers the on-off latch to hold off the power NPN regardless the inductor current value. YB7002 Rev.1.1 As the power switch is off, output capacitor starts to drop slowly due to its own leakage and the resistor divider. When VFB voltage is below VHYST, on-off latch turns on the power NPN again and the charging cycle is enabled. User is able to use resistors to set Limit Pin value and V voltage. An 11μA current source is coming out of the IC and going through the limit resistor R to ground. Limit pin voltage determines the peak inductor current. The higher the Limit pin voltage, the larger the peak inductor current would be. USER MUST BE CAREFUL WITH THE THERMAL EFFECT GENERATED DURING THE CAPACITOR CHARGING CYCLE. To reduce the thermal temperature, user can lower the resistor R value to reduce the peak inductor current. www.yobon.com.tw 5 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Application Information Hysteresis voltage is setup by connecting a resistor RHYST from VHYST to ground. A resistor divider of 13.5KΩ (internal resistor) and RHYST from bandgap voltage will determine hysteresis voltage. Once VFB drops below VHYST voltage, charging cycle is activated again. To calculate the refresh time, consider the followings: COUT ⋅ ∂ VOUT V + OUT + I COUT , LEAKAGE = 0 ∂t R1 + R 2 As the capacitor leakage current is a function of output voltage, it can be considered to be constant within the tiny range of voltage from VOUT to R1 + R 2 , VHYST ⋅ R2 where R1 and R2 are the resistor divider at the secondary side output. By solving the above equation, we can find the time it takes for capacitor voltage to drop from VOUT to VHYST ⋅ R1 + R 2 R2 For the convenience of the user, two tables have been setup for reference. Table 3 is for Limit Pin while Table 4 is for VHYST. Please check the tables to pick the resistor values for peak primary inductor current and recharge voltage. Table 3 RLIMIT 10 KΩ 15 KΩ 20 KΩ Peak Current 0.8A 1A 1.2A YB7002 Rev.1.1 Table 4 (VOUT=300V) RHYST Hysteresis ratio Recharge Voltage 436.5 KΩ 211.5 KΩ 136.5 KΩ 99 KΩ 3% 6% 9% 12% 291V 282V 273V 264V Once capacitor reaches the designated voltage, DONE pin will be pulled low to indicate the completion of charging process. When output voltage drops below secondary capacitance, the series resistance will improve system efficiency and performance. Primary side inductance will affect the charging time. Higher primary side inductance will raise the average discharging current into the output capacitance, resulting a smaller charging time. Yet, thermal effect will become adversely affecting the system. So always pay attention to the amount of dissipated VHYST ⋅ R1 + R 2 R2 , DONE is released to signal the re-start of charging process. User always has the freedom to shut off the operation of the chip by pulling the ENABLE pin lower than 0.4V. Also to activate the IC, ENABLE pin NEED needs to be above 1.8V. In shutdown mode, the chip is only drawing about 2μA current. Component Selection The rectifying diode must be of low capacitance type while being able to withstand peak reverse voltage and heavy forward current. www.yobon.com.tw 6 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh The peak reverse voltage is: VR , PEAK = VOUT − (− N ⋅VBAT ) = VOUT + N ⋅VBAT I SEC ,MAX = I PRI ,MAX N As IPRI, MAX is being set by RLIMIT, its value can reach as high as 1.5A. Since the switching voltage across the rectifying diode is very large, any parasitic capacitance across the diode will translate to huge loss for the system. Moreover, it will slow down the transition of the Switch pin, inducing further loss of efficiency. Input Capacitor Even though the chip is not drawing much current, still a good decoupling capacitor is needed for VIN pin. It is very important to have a solid VBAT voltage. A low ESR ceramic capacitor is recommended. Transformer A number of issues must be considered before selecting a transformer. Turn ratio N, primary inductance, primary side series resistance, transformer leakage inductance, secondary capacitance and series resistance, transformer efficiency are the main considerations when choosing a transformer. VSWITCH = VBAT + VOUT + VD N Care must be exercised so that VSWITCH will not exceed the maximum voltage breakdown voltage of 40V. Minimizing primary side series resistance, transformer YB7002 Rev.1.1 leakage inductance, secondary capacitance and series resistance will improve system efficiency and performance. Primary side inductance will affect the charging time. Higher primary side inductance will raise the average discharging current into the output capacitance, resulting a smaller charging time. Yet, thermal effect will become adversely affecting the system. So always pay attention to the amount of dissipated power. Thermal Consideration: When YB7002 is set to handle high switch current will result in internal power dissipation generating heat. For thermal improvement can be made by use of vias to connects the part and dissipate heat to an internal ground plane. Placing vias under the exposed thermal pad of package can be lowered significant. Using larger traces and more copper on the top site of board can also further help. With careful PCB layout it is possible to reduce the thermal effect. Always beware the amount of power dissipated during the charging process. Too high the temperature built up inside the IC will slow the charging cycle and lengthen the charging time, further worsen the thermal condition of the IC. To resolve the thermal built up issue, reduce RLIMIT which lower the peak switch current. www.yobon.com.tw 7 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Layout consideration The input bypass capacitor C2 must be placed close to the IC. This will reduce copper trace resistance which effect input voltage ripple of the IC. The capacitor, C1, should also be placed close to the transformer T1. The copper trace connections for the C1, T1, and the YB7002 should be kept short as possible to eliminate over-voltage condition on SW pin due to leakage inductance of T1. For improved thermal performance can increase the top side copper to dissipate heat from the package. Numerous vias from the ground connection to the internal ground plane located underneath the package will help. YB7002 Rev.1.1 www.yobon.com.tw 8 YB7002 Photoflash Capacitor Charger with Automatic Refresh Package Information (MSOP10) NOTICE: y The information described herein is subject to change without notice. y Yobon does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry or applications described herein, nor does it convey any patent license. YB7002 Rev.1.1 www.yobon.com.tw 9