YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Description Features The YB1518 is a step-up DC-DC converter; operates as current source to drive up to 6 white LEDs(VIN at 3.0V) or 8 LEDs(VIN at 3.5V) or 9 LEDs(VIN at 3.5V) in series. Series connecting of the LEDs provides identical LED currents resulting in uniform brightness and eliminating the need for ballast resistors. The light intensity of these LEDs is proportional to the current passing through them. The YB1518 switches at a fixed frequency of ~930KHz, allowing the use of tiny, low profile inductors and capacitors to minimize footprint and cost in space consideration applications for cellular phone backlighting or other hand held equipment. The YB1518 can drive up to 9 white LEDs from a single Li-Ion battery. The wide input voltage range from 2.7V to 7V is ideal for portable applications with higher conversion efficiency. To control LED brightness, the LED current can be pulsed by applying a PWM (pulse width modulated) signal with a frequency range of 100Hz to 1KHz to the CTRL pin. YB1518 has integrated Latched Over Voltage Protection that prevents damage to the device in case of a high impedance output due to faulty LED or open circuit caused by abnormal conditions. Built-in internal switch 2.7V to 7V input range <1uA shutdown current PWM dimming control 100Hz to 1KHz Analog dimming control Internal Soft Start Drives up to 9 white LEDs(VIN at 3.5V) Over voltage protection 34V Small 5-Lead SOT-23 package 100mV Low Reference Voltage Applications LCD Display Module White LED Backlighting PDAs, GPS terminals Digital Cameras Cellular Phone Electronic Books Portable Applications Typical Application Circuit Figure 1: Typical Application Circuit YB1518 Rev.1.3 www.yobon.com.tw 1 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Pin Configuration Figure 2: YB1518 Pin Configuration Pin Description Table 1 Pin NAME 1 SW 2 GND FB 3 4 CTRL 5 VIN Description Switching Pin. This is the collector of the internal NPN power switch. Connect to inductor and diode. Minimize the metal trace area connected to this pin to reduce EMI. Ground Pin. Connect directly to local ground plane. Feedback Pin. Reference voltage is 100mV. Connect LEDs and a resistor at this pin. LED current is determined by the resistance and CTRL voltage. Shutdown Pin and Dimming Control pin. VCTRL > 1.8V generates full-scale LED current VCTRL < 0.4V chip is off Switching from 0.4V to 2.0V, PWM duty cycle controls the LED current Input Supply Pin. Bypass this pin with a capacitor as close to the device as possible Ordering Information Table 2 Order Number Supplied as Package Marking YB1518ST25 3000 units Tape & Reel Please contact sales representative YB1518 Rev.1.3 www.yobon.com.tw 2 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions VIN ...........................................................................9V Operating Temperature ............................ -40°C~85°C SW Voltage ............................................................36V Supply Voltage.............................................. 2.7 V~7V FB Voltage ...............................................................5V SW Voltage ............................................................32V CTRL Voltage...........................................................5V Maximum Junction Temp,TJ .............................150°C Lead Temperature (Slokering 10 sec) ................300°C Thermal Resistance............................................195°C Electricity Characteristics (TA=25°C, Vin=3.3V, Cin=1uF Cout=10uF unless otherwise noted) Table 3 Symbol Function Parameter Test Conditions Vin Input Voltage Range IQ (Quiescent Current) Not Switching VFB = 0.3V Shutdown CTRL = 0V VFB Feedback Voltage Iout=20mA,Vout=12.5V Circuit of Figure 1 ICL Switch Current Limit 100% duty cycle IB FB Pin Bias Current FRSW Switching Frequency DTMX Maximum Duty Cycle DTMN Minimum Duty Cycle VSAT Switch Vcesat ILKG VCTL ICTL Switch Leakage Current Min Typ 2.7 Max Units 7 V 1.5 1.7 mA 0.3 1 uA 90 100 110 mV 200 230 1.2 40% duty cycle mA 180 VFB=100mV mA 1 uA 960 KHz 85 % 25 % At Isw = 200mA 180 mV Ctrl = 0.3V 1 μA 900 930 20 VCTRL for Full LED Full On Current Full Off CTRL Pin Bias Current Ctrl = 2V 1.7 V 0.3 V 40 μA OVP Over Voltage Protection 34 V θJA Thermal Resistance 220 °C/W Note: Absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of maximum function temperature , TJ(max), the junction to ambient thermal resistance, θJA , and the ambient temperature. The maximum allowable, power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: PD(MAX)= [TJ(max)-TA]/θJA . Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard statistical methods YB1518 Rev.1.3 www.yobon.com.tw 3 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Typical Performance Characteristics Condition : VIN 2.8V ; 4.4V / VCTRL: 3V Condition : Vin 2.8V ; 4.4V / Vctrl : 3V VOUT ; 3pcs white LEDs VOUT ; 4pcs white LEDs Efficiency vs Vin (4WLEDs) 83.0 83 82.5 82 Efficiency(%) Efficiency(%) Efficiency vs Vin (3WLEDs) 82.0 81.5 81 80 81.0 79 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 2.7 Vin(V) YB1518 Rev.1.3 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 Vin(V) www.yobon.com.tw 4 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Condition : Vin 2.8V ; 4.4V / Vctrl : 3V Condition : Vin 2.8V ; 4.4V / Vctrl : 3V VOUT ; 5pcs white LEDs VOUT ; 6pcs white LEDs Efficiency vs Vin (6WLEDs) Efficiency vs Vin (5WLEDs) 82 83 80 Efficiency(%) Efficiency(%) 81 79 78 76 77 74 75 72 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 2.7 Vin(V) YB1518 Rev.1.3 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 Vin(V) www.yobon.com.tw 5 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Condition : Vin 3.0V ;4.4V / Vctrl : 3V Condition : Vin 3.0V ; 4.4V / Vctrl : 3V VOUT ; 7pcs white LEDs VOUT ; 8pcs white LEDs Efficiency vs Vin (8WLEDs) Efficiency vs Vin (7WLEDs) 80 80 78 Efficiency(%) Efficiency(%) 78 76 74 76 74 72 72 70 70 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 2.7 YB1518 Rev.1.3 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 Vin(V) Vin(V) www.yobon.com.tw 6 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Condition : Vin 3.4V ; 6.0V / Vctrl : 3V Efficiency vs Vin (9WLEDs) VOUT ; 9pcs white LEDs 81 Efficiency(%) 78 75 72 69 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7 8 9 Vin(V) Supply Current (Vctrl = 0V) Switching Frequency 1 932.2 932 0.8 931.8 0.6 931.6 uA Khz 0.4 931.4 931.2 0.2 931 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 930.8 2 V YB1518 Rev.1.3 3 4 5 6 Vin(V) www.yobon.com.tw 7 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Switch Leakage Current CTRL Pin Bias Current 0.5 60 0.4 50 40 0.3 uA uA 30 0.2 20 0.1 10 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 250 300 350 400 Vin(V) Vin (V) Vcesat Supply Current (Vctrl = Vin) 250 6 200 Vcesat ( mV) 5 4 mA 3 2 150 100 50 1 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 50 150 200 Switching Current ( mA) V YB1518 Rev.1.3 100 www.yobon.com.tw 8 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Functional Block Figure 3: YB1518 Block Diagram Operation The YB1518 uses a constant frequency, current mode control scheme to regulate the output LED current. Its operation can be understood by referring to the block diagram in Figure 3. At the start of each oscillator cycle, a voltage proportional to the switch current is added to a ramp output and the resulting sum is fed into the positive terminal of the PWM comparator (comparator-1). When this voltage exceeds the level of the comparator negative input, the peak current has been reached, and the SR latch (in Control Logic) is reset and turns off the power switch. The voltage at the negative input of the comparator comes from the output of the error amplifier. The error amplifier sets the correct peak current level to keep the output in regulation. If the error amplifier’s output increases, more current is delivered to the output; if it decreases, less current is delivered. YB1518 Rev.1.3 Application Information Soft Start and Current Limit The internal soft start circuit minimizes the inrush current during turning on YB1518. The maximum switch current is limited to about 230 mA by the chip. LED Current and Dimming Control The LED’s current is set by a resistor connected at FB pin to GND using: 100mV I LED = RLED The maximum LED current set initially can be reduced by pulse width modulating the CTRL. A better approach is to adjust the feedback voltage for dimming control. Either a DC level signal or a filtered PWM signal can be used to control the LED current as illustrated in Figure 4 and Figure www.yobon.com.tw 9 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver 5 respectively. Using the above different scheme, the LED current can be controlled from 0% to 100% to its maximum value. Duty Iout ( mA) 0% 20 20% 17.4 30% 15 40% 12.4 50% 10 60% 8 70% 6.4 80% 4.07 100% 0 PWM : 2V ; 1KHz ; Vin=3.6V VDC(V) VFB Iout(mA) 2 0 0 1.8 2.2 0.43 1.6 9.2 1.8 1.4 19.6 3.6 1.2 31.1 6 1 43.4 8.5 0.8 63 12.3 0.6 74 14.5 0.4 86.4 16.9 0.2 96.9 19 0 102 20 Figure 4. Dimming Control Using a DC Voltage Figure 5. Dimming Control Using a Filtered PWM Signal Over Voltage Protection The YB1518 has an internal over voltage protection circuit which also acts as an open-circuit protection. In the cases of open circuit or the LEDs failure, the LEDs are disconnected from the circuit, and the feedback voltage will be zero. The YB1518 will then switch to a high duty cycle resulting in a high output voltage, which may cause SW pin voltage to exceed its maximum 34V rating. The YB1518 will shutdown automatically until input condition changes to bring it out of the shutdown mode. Inductor Selection A 22uH inductor is recommended for most applications to drive more than 5 LEDs. YB1518 Rev.1.3 www.yobon.com.tw 10 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Although small size and high efficiency are major concerns, the inductor should have low core losses at 1MHz and low DCR (copper wire resistance). Diode Selection To maintain high efficiency, the average current rating of the Schottky diode should be large than the peak inductor current, IPK. Schottky diode with a low forward drop and fast switching speeds are ideal for increase efficiency in portable application. Choose a reverse breakdown of the Schottky diode large than the output voltage. Capacitor Selection connections for the Cout capacitor can increase the series resistance, which directly effect output voltage ripple. The feedback network, resister R2 should be kept close to the FB pin to minimize copper trace connections that can inject noise into the system. The ground connection for the feedback resistor network should connect directly to an analog ground plane. The analog ground plane should tie directly to the GND pin. If no analog ground plane is available, the ground connection for the feedback network should tie directly to the GND pin. Trace connections made to the inductor and Schottky diode should be minimized to reduce power dissipation and increase overall efficiency. Choose low ESR capacitors for the output to minimize output voltage ripple. Multilayer capacitors are a good choice for this as well. A 1uF capacitor is sufficient for 2~6 LEDs, 2.2uF is for 7~8 LEDs and 4.7uF is for 9 LEDs applications. For additional bypassing, a 100nF ceramic capacitor can be used to shunt high frequency ripple on the input. The input bypass capacitor Cin, as shown in Figure 1, must be placed close to the IC. This will reduce copper trace resistance which affects input voltage ripple of the IC. For additional input voltage filtering, a 100nF bypass capacitor can be placed in parallel with Cin to shunt any high frequency noise to ground. The output capacitor, Cout, should also be placed close to the IC. Any copper trace YB1518 Rev.1.3 www.yobon.com.tw 11 YB1518 Step-up DC-DC Converter White LED Driver Package Description YB1518 Rev.1.3 www.yobon.com.tw 12