® RT8555 36V High Efficiency Boost Converter with I2C Controlled 6-CH LED Driver General Description Features The RT8555 is a high efficiency driver for white LEDs. It is suitable for single/two cell battery input to drive LED light bars which contains six strings in parallel and up to 10 WLEDs per string. The internal current sinks support a maximum of ±2% current mismatching for excellent brightness uniformity in each string of LEDs. To provide enough headroom for current sink operation, the Boost controller monitors the minimum voltage of the feedback pins and regulates an optimized output voltage for power efficiency. The RT8555 has a wide input voltage operating range from 2.7V to 24V and contains I2C interface for controlling the dimming mode, operating frequency and the LED current. The internal 100mΩ, 36V power switch with current-mode control provides over-current protection. The switching frequency of the RT8555 is adjustable from 300kHz to 2MHz, which allows flexibility between efficiency and component size. The RT8555 is available in the WL-CSP-20B 1.65 x 2.05 (BSC), with pitch 0.4mm package. Ordering Information RT8555 Wide Operating Input Voltage : 2.7V to 24V High Output Voltage : Up to 36V Programmable Channel Current : 10mA to 35mA Channel Current Regulation with Accuracy ±3% and Matching ±2% Dimming Controls Direct PWM Dimming up to 20kHz and Minimum On-Time to 400ns PWM to Analog Dimming up to 20kHz with 8-bit Resolution I2C Programs LED Current, Switching Frequency, Dimming Mode Switching Frequency : 300kHz to 2MHz Protections LED Strings Open Detection Current Limit Programmable Over Voltage Protection Over-Temperature Protection 20-Ball WL-CSP, with pitch 0.4mm Package RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free Applications Tablet and Notebook Backlight Package Type WSC : WL-CSP-20B 1.65x2.05 (BSC) Pin Configurations Note : (TOP VIEW) Richtek products are : RoHS compliant and compatible with the current requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes. A1 A2 A3 A4 LX PGND SDA SCL B1 B2 B3 B4 LX PGND PWM EN C1 C2 C3 C4 VIN VOUT GND FB3 Marking Information 1X : Product Code 1XW W : Date Code D1 D2 D3 D4 VIN VCP GND FB2 E1 E2 FB6 FB5 E3 E4 FB4 FB1 WL-CSP-20B 1.65 x 2.05 (BSC) Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 1 RT8555 Functional Pin Description Pin No. Pin Name. Pin Function A1, B1 LX Switch Node of Boost Converter. A2, B2 PGND Power Ground. A3 SDA Data Signal Input of I2C Interface. A4 SCL Clock Signal Input of I2C Interface. B3 PWM PWM Dimming Control Input. B4 EN Enable Control Input (Active High). C1, D1 VIN Power Input. C2 VOUT Output of Boost Converter. C3, D3 GND Ground. C4 FB3 Current Sink for LED3. D2 VCP Output of Internal Regulator. D4 FB2 Current Sink for LED2. E1 FB6 Current Sink for LED6. E2 FB5 Current Sink for LED5. E3 FB4 Current Sink for LED4. E4 FB1 Current Sink for LED1. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 2 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Function Block Diagram VCP VIN EN VOUT LDO 1.2V OSC LX + OTP PWM Controller + - S Q R Q OCP + PGND + - MUX PWM SCL 6 Mini LED Selection LED Open Detection 2 SDA VDS I C > DAC …… FB1 FB2 FB6 + - + - + - …… + - GND Operation Enable Control OVP When VIN is higher than the UVLO voltage and the EN pin input voltage is higher than rising threshold, the VDC will be regulated around 3.2V if VIN is higher than 3.2V. The RT8555 integrates over voltage protection. The over voltage protection could be set by the I2C, When the OVP pin voltage is higher than 36V, the LX N-MOSFET is turned off immediately to protect the LX N-MOSFET. Switching Frequency The LED driver switching frequency is adjusted by the I2C. The switching frequency is from 300kHz to 1.9MHz. PWM Controller This controller includes some logic circuit to control LX N-MOSFET on/off. This block controls the minimum ontime and max duty of LX. Minimum LED Selection This block detects all LEDx voltage and select a minimum voltage to EA (Error Amplifier). This function can guarantee the lowest of the LED pin voltage is around 500mV and Vout can be Boost to the highest forward voltage of LED strings. LED Open Detection OCP & OTP When LX N-MOSFET peak current is higher than 2.5A(typically), the LX N-MOSFET is turned off immediately and resumed again at next clock pulse. When the junction temperature is higher than 150°C (typically), the LX N-MOSFET will be turned off until the temperature is lower than the 130°C (typically). Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 If the voltage at LEDx pin is lower than 100mV, this channel is defined as open channel and the Minimum LED Selection function will discard it to regulate other used channels in proper voltage. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 3 RT8555 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Supply Voltage, VIN to GND --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LX, VOUT, FB1, FB2, FB3, FB4, FB5, FB6 to GND --------------------------------------------------------------EN, PWM, SDA, SCL, VCP to GND ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25°C WL-CSP-20B 1.65 x 2.05 (BSC) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Package Thermal Resistance (Note 2) WL-CSP-20B 1.65 x 2.05 (BSC), θJA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Junction Temperature -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Storage Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) HBM (Human Body Model) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MM (Machine Model) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Recommended Operating Conditions −0.3V to 26.4V −0.3V to 40V −0.3V to 6V 2.72W 36.7°C/W 150°C 260°C −65°C to 150°C 2kV 200V (Note 4) Junction Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 125°C Ambient Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 85°C Electrical Characteristics (VIN = 3.8V, CIN = 1μF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 2.7 3.8 24 V Input Power Supply Input Supply Voltage VIN Quiescent Current IQ LX no switching -- 2.7 -- mA Shutdown Current ISHDN VIN = 3.8V, EN = 0V -- -- 1 A Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold Under-Voltage Lockout Hysteresis Over-Temperature Protection Threshold VUVLO VUVLO VIN Rising --- 2.3 200 --- V mV TOTP -- 150 -- C TOTP_HYS -- 20 -- C Over-Temperature Protection Hysteresis Interface Characteristic Logic-High VIH 1.4 -- -- V Logic-Low VIL -- -- 0.8 V Internal Pull-Low Current for EN, PWM IIH_1 -- -- 10 A Internal Pull-Low Current for SCL, SDA IIH_2 -- 0.01 1 A Output Low Level for SDA VOL External Pull High Current = 3mA -- 0.3 0.5 V Output Leakage Current for SDA ILK_DIO SDA Pin Voltage = 3.3V -- -- 1 A -- 400 -- kHz EN, PWM, SCL, SDA Input Voltage 2 I C Interface Timing Maximum I2C Clock Frequency f SC_MAX Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 4 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Hold Time for START And Repeated START Condition tHD,STA 0.6 -- -- s SCL Clock Low Time tLOW 1.3 -- -- s SCL Clock High Time tHIGH 600 -- -- ns Setup Time for A Repeated START Condition tSU,STA 600 -- -- ns SDA Data Hold Time tHD,DAT 50 -- -- ns SDA Data Setup Time tSU,DAT 100 -- -- ns Rising Time of SDA, SCL tR -- -- 300 ns Falling Time of SDA, SCL tF -- -- 300 ns Setup Time for STOP Condition tSU,STO 600 -- -- ns I C Bus Free Time Between a STOP and a START tBUF 1.3 -- -- s Capacitive Load for I2C Bus CB -- -- 400 pF 2 Boost Converter Switching Frequency Accuracy f SW_ACC Boost Operates at PWM Mode, f SW = 600kHz 10 -- 10 % Switching Frequency Setting Range f SW_RG Boost Operates at PWM Mode 0.3 -- 2 MHz Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX f SW = 600kHz -- 95 -- % Boost Switch RDS(ON) RDS(ON) -- 0.1 0.3 Switching Current Limitation IOCP 2 2.5 3 A -- -- 1 A LED Current Leakage Current of FBx ILK_FB VFBx = 36V, IFBx = 0mA Minimum FBx Regulation Voltage VFB(MIN) IFBx = 20mA 0.3 -- -- V Maximum LED Current Setting IFB(MAX) LED 100% Setting 10 -- 35 mA Minimum LED Current Setting IFB(MIN) Setting By Dimming 0.2 -- -- mA LED Current Accuracy IFB_ACC PWM Duty = 100%, IFBx = 20mA 3 -- 3 % LED Current Matching IFB_MAT PWM Duty = 100%, IFBx = 20mA 2 -- 2 % FBx Channel Unused Threshold VFB_UNUSE -- 0.1 -- V Light Bar Open Threshold VFB_OPEN -- 0.1 -- V PWM Minimum On Duty DPWM_MIN 0.8 -- -- % PWM Dimming Frequency = 20kHz Note 1. Stresses beyond those listed “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions may affect device reliability. Note 2. θJA is measured at TA = 25°C on a high effective thermal conductivity four-layer test board per JEDEC 51-7. Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended. Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 5 RT8555 Typical Application Circuit VIN 2.7V to 24V L1 6.8µH CIN 4.7µF R1 10 C1, D1 C1 1µF VIN D1 A1, B1 LX A2, B2 PGND RT8555 D2 VCP VOUT C2 COUT 6.8µF : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : CCP 1µF B4 EN B3 PWM MCU A4 SCL A3 SDA FB1 FB2 FB3 FB4 FB5 FB6 E4 D4 C4 E3 E2 E1 GND C3, D3 Note : For unused channels (FBx), please connect FBx pin to GND. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 6 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Timing Diagram I2C Interface SDA VIH (MIN) VIL (MAX) tSU, DAT tSU, STO tHD, DAT tHIGH tLOW tBUF SCL VIH (MIN) VIL (MAX) tHD, STA tf tr S P S RT8555 I2C slave address = 7'b0110_001. I2C interface support fast mode (bit rate up to 400kb/s). The write or read bit stream (N ≥ 1) is shown below Read N bytes from RT8555 Slave Address Register Address S 0 1 Data 2 A Data for Address = m LSB MSB Data N LSB A A Register Address S 0 R/W A MSB Data 1 LSB A Assume Address = m P Data for Address = m + N - 1 Data for Address = m + 1 Write N bytes to RT8555 Slave Address LSB A Assume Address = m MSB Data 1 MSB A Sr A R/W Slave Address MSB Data 2 LSB A Data for Address = m MSB A Data for Address = m + 1 Data N LSB A P Data for Address = m + N - 1 Driven by Master, Driven by Slave (RT8555), P Stop, Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 S Start, Sr Repeat Start is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 7 RT8555 Typical Operating Characteristics Efficiency vs. Input Voltage LED Current vs. Input Voltage 100 26 LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 LED5 LED6 90 24 Output Current (mA) Efficiency (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 22 20 18 16 10 9LEDs per Channel, fSW = 900kHz, PWM = 3.3V 54LEDs, fSW = 900kHz, PWM = 3.3V 0 14 4 8 12 16 20 24 4 8 12 16 20 24 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) LED Current vs. Temperature VCP vs. Temperature 26 5 22 4 VCP (V) LED Current (mA) 24 20 18 3 16 9LEDs per Channel, fSW = 900kHz, PWM = 3.3V 9LEDs per Channel, fSW = 900kHz 14 2 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -50 -25 0 Temperature (°C) 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (°C) Frequency vs. Code Frequency vs. Input Voltage 1000 2000 1800 Frequency (kHz)1 Frequency (kHz)1 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 800 600 400 9LEDs per Channel 9LEDs per Channel 200 200 0 4 8 12 Code Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 8 16 4 8 12 16 20 24 Input Voltage (V) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 OVP Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage LED Current vs. PWM Duty Cycle 40 OVP Threshold Voltage (V) 20 LED Current (mA) 16 PWM 200Hz PWM 1kHz PWM 10kHz PWM 20kHz 12 8 4 38 36 34 9LEDs per Channel, fSW = 900kHz 0 9LEDs per Channel, fSW = 900kHz 32 0 20 40 60 80 100 4 PWM Duty Cycle (%) 8 12 16 20 24 Input Voltage (V) Line Transient Response Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage Quiescunt Current (mA) 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 VIN (10V/Div) 2.4 2.2 LX no Switching I LED (10mA/Div) VIN = 5V to 21V, fSW = 900kHz, PWM = 3.3V 2.0 3 7 11 15 19 23 Time (20ms/Div) 27 Input Voltage (V) Power On from EN VEN (3V/Div) Power Off from EN VEN (3V/Div) VIN = 5V, fSW = 900kHz, PWM = 3.3V VOUT (20V/Div) VOUT (20V/Div) LX (20V/Div) LX (20V/Div) I LED (20mA/Div) I LED (20mA/Div) Time (5ms/Div) Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 VIN = 5V, fSW = 900kHz, PWM = 3.3V Time (10ms/Div) is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 9 RT8555 Application Information Table 1. Register Map Slave Address : b0110001 Register Address bit7 0x00 MIX-26K Edge Rate Control Spread Spectrum 0x01 10 bit mode selection Over Voltage Protection Selection Switching Current Limitation Selection bit6 bit5 bit4 0x02 bit3 bit2 Mixed Mode Change Duty bit0 Default Value ILED Brightness Selection Dimming Mode Selection 0x4c Boost Switching Frequency ILED Current Setting LDO Regulation Voltage Setting 0x03 0x04 ILED Brightness LSB Register 1 ILED Brightness LSB Register 2 0x07 0x08 Smart Dither Slope Time Control 0x09 Fade In / Out Time Control 0x0A 26KHz Mode Division Frequency 0x0B Smart Dither Enable LED driver headroom PWM DC Dither Dither Enable Enable 0x00 0x00 ILED Brightness MSB Register 2 0x00 Advanced Brightness Control 0x00 Dither Resolution 0x1C Soft Start Time Control 0x04 Stop Compensation Duty 0x00 Control CLK PFM Function Enable 0x0E 0x00 0x00 ILED Brightness MSB Register 1 0x06 0x76 0x92 ILED Brightness Compensation Ratio 0x05 0x0D bit1 0x00 LED Unused Check LED OVP Level 0x00 0x50 0x06 0x51 0x00 Note : Blank part in table is restricted register. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 10 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 The RT8555 is a general purpose 6-CH LED driver and is capable of delivering a maximum 35mA LED current. The IC is a current mode Boost converter integrated with a 2.5A power switch and can cover a wide VIN range from 2.7V to 24V and contains I2C interface for controlling the dimming mode, operating frequency and the LED current. The internal 100mΩ, 36V power switch with current-mode control provides over current protection. The switching frequency of the RT8555 is adjustable from 300kHz to 2MHz, which allows flexibility between efficiency and component size. LED constant current Boost switching frequency Slope for brightness changes Output Current Resolution Dithering options Start-up time Current limit protection Over voltage protection LDO regulation voltage setting Programmable functions include : PWMO frequencies Brightness Control by PWM Pin The RT8555 provide three dimming modes for controlling the LED brightness. The three dimming modes include PWM mode, DC mode and Mixed mode, and the dimming mode could be set by register 00h. Table 2. Dimming Control Mode Selection Address 00h Bit Name Default Value [0] Dimming Mode Selection PWM Mode (B0) [3:2] Mixed Mode Change Duty 25% (B11) [7] MIX-26K PWM pin (B0) Description B0 : PWM mode B1 : Mixed mode B00 : 0% B01 : 6.25% B10 : 12.5% B11 : 25% R/W R/W R/W B0 : follow PWM pin frequency B1 : fixed 26kHz R/W Note : DC mode = Dimming Mode Selection (00h[0] = B1) + Mixed Mode Change Duty = 0% (00h[3:2] = B00) PWM Mode The ON/OFF of the current source is synchronized to the PWM signal. The frequency of LED current is equal to the PWM input signal. PWMI time ILED Max ILED PWMO Duty time 0 Figure 1. PWM Dimming Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 11 RT8555 DC Mode The LED current will have two cycle delay in this mode, while the delay cycles are for average current calculation. 50%75%25%10%50% PWMI time ILED Max 75% ILED 50% 25% time 0 Figure 2. DC Dimming Mixed Mode In 25% Mixed mode, 25% the PWM input signal and LED current are both delayed by two cycles with additional variations. When 25% ≤ PWM duty ≤ 100%, the PWM duty modulated the amplitude of the current. (Same as DC mode) PWM duty < 25%, the DC dimming will translate to PWM dimming, controlling the PWM duty instead by amplitude. The LED current is fixed on quarter of LED current setting. 50%75%25%10%50% PWMI time ILED Max ILED 75% 50% 25% 0 time Figure 3. Mixed Mode Dimming Brightness Control Signal Selection The RT8555 integrates a dimming control signal selection. The dimming control signal source could be set by the second bit of register 00h. If the bit equals to 0, it means the dimming control signal source just depends on the input signal of the PWM pin. Otherwise, if the bit equals to 1, the dimming control signal is controlled by the command of register 04/05h. The option is shown in Table 3 below. Table 3. Dimming Control Signal Selection Address Bit 00h [1] Name ILED Brightness Selection Default Value PWM Pin (B0) Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 12 Description R/W B0 : depend on the status of PWM pin B1 : depend on address:04/05h data R/W is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Switching Frequency The LED driver switching frequency is adjusted by the I2C, the switching frequency setting range, Spread Spectrum, LX Slew Rate and resolutions are shown in the Table 4 below. Table 4. Switching Frequency Setting Address Bit Name Default Value 00h [4] Spread Spectrum w/o (B0) 00h [6:5] Edge Rate Control Fast (B10) 01h [3:0] Boost Switching Frequency 900kHz (0x06h) Description Resolution R/W B0 : w/o B1 : w/i R/W B00 : Slow B01 : Normal B10 : Fast R/W 0x00h : 300kHz 0x07h : 1MHz 0x0Ch : 2MHz 100kHz (0x00h to 0x07h) 200kHz (0x07h to 0x0Ch) R/W If the switching frequency command is below to register 0x01. The switching frequency is from 300kHz to 1MHz and resolution is 100kHz. The switching frequency is from 1MHZ to 2MHz and resolution is 200kHz. Current Limit Protection The RT8555 integrates current limit protection, and the current of current limit protection could be set by I2C, which is shown in the Table 5 below. Table 5. Current Limit Protection Setting Address Bit Name Default Value 01h [4] Switching Current Limitation Selection 2.5A (B1) Description B0 : 1.5A B1 : 2.5A Resolution R/W -- R/W The RT8555 can limit the peak current to achieve over current protection. The RT8555 senses the inductor current during the “ON” period that flows through the LX pin. The duty cycle depends on the current signal and internal slope compensation in comparison with the error signal. The internal switch of Boost converter will be turned off when the peak current value of inductor current is larger than the over current protection setting. In the “OFF” period, the inductor current will be decreased until the internal switch is turned on by the oscillator. Over Voltage Protection The RT8555 integrates over voltage protection. The over voltage protection could be set by the I2C, the voltage of over voltage protection (VOVP) could be selected as the Table 6 below. Table 6. OVP Voltage Setting Address 01h Bit [6:5] Name Over Voltage Protection Selection Default Value 36V (B11) Description Boost output over voltage protection. B00 : 25V B01 : 28V B10 : 32V B11 : 36V Resolution R/W -- R/W When the Boost output voltage rises above the VOVP, the internal switch will be turned off. Once the Boost output voltage drop below the VOVP, the internal switch will be turned on again. The Boost output voltage can be clamped at the VOVP. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 13 RT8555 LED Current Setting The LED current of each channel could be set by I2C command; it is shown in the Table 7. Table 7. LED Current Setting Address 02h Bit [7:0] Name ILED Current Setting Default Value Description Resolution R/W 20.04mA (0x92h) Control the max current 0x00h : 0mA 0x01h to 0x49h : 10.02mA 0x49h : 10.02mA 0x92h : 20.04mA 0xFFh : 35mA ~0.137mA (0x49h to 0xFFh) R/W When the LED current setting command is below 0x92h, the LED current will be kept at 20.04mA. When the command is 0x00h, the LED current will be set to 0mA. the maximum LED current setting is 35mA. The one step of LED current is approximately 0.137mA. LDO Regulation Voltage Setting The LDO regulation voltage could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 8. Table 8. LDO Regulation Voltage Setting Address 03h Bit Name [6:5] LDO Regulation Voltage Setting Default Value Description LDO regulation voltage setting B00: 3.2V B01: 3.4V B10: 3.6V B11:4.6V 3.2V (B00) Resolution R/W -- R/W When the LDO regulation voltage setting command is below B00, the LDO regulation voltage will be kept at 3.2V. The maximum LDO setting is 4.6V. The setting condition is smaller than the input voltage. Brightness Control by I2C Register With brightness register control the output current is controlled with 8-bit resolution or 10-bit resolution register bits. It is shown in the Table 9. Table 9. Brightness Register Address Bit Name Default Value 01h [7] 10 bit mode selection 8bit (B0) 04h [7:0] ILED Brightness LSB Register 1 0% (0x00h) 0x00h : 0% 0xFFh : 100% 05h [1:0] ILED Brightness MSB Register 1 0% (0x00h) If 01h[7] is 1, need 04h & 05h series write and then ILED brightness change 06h [7:0] ILED Brightness LSB Register 2 0% (0x00h) 0x00h : 0% 0xFFh : 100% 07h [1:0] ILED Brightness MSB Register 2 0% (0x00h) If 01h[7] is 1, need 06h & 07h series write and then ILED brightness change Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 14 Description Resolution R/W B0 : 8 bit mode B1 : 10 bit mode R/W ~ 0.4% R/W R/W ~ 0.4% R/W R/W is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 ILED Brightness Compensation ILED Brightness compensation which is shown in the Table 10 below. Table 10. ILED Brightness Compensation Address Bit Name Default Value 03h [4:0] ILED Brightness compensation ratio 0Bh [7:0] Stop compensation duty Description Resolution R/W No Compensation ratio. compensation Formula : ILED / 1023 x {DAC [DAC (0x00h) x (1023 DAC) x k] / 1023 / 31} 0x00h R/W PWM duty compensation stop ratio R/W Note : ILED = ILED Current Setting (02h[7:0]) DAC = PWM pin Duty or ILED Brightness (04h[7:0], 05h[1:0] or 06h[7:0], 07h[1:0]) 25 25 Mode : I2C-MIX-26kHz, Change Duty = 0%, fSW = 900kHz, ILED = 21.55mA, no stop ratio. 20 ILED, K = 0 ILED, K = 02 ILED, K = 04 ILED, K = 08 ILED, K = 10 ILED, K = 1F 15 10 LED Current (mA) LED Current (mA) 20 Mode : I2C-MIX-26kHz, Change Duty = 0%, fSW = 900kHz, ILED = 21.55mA, stop ratio = 50%. 15 ILED, K = 0 10 5 5 0 0 ILED, K = 1F, Stop = 80 ILED, K = 1F 0 3F 7E BD FC 13B17A 1B91F8 237 276 2B5 2F4 333 372 3B13F0 0 3F 7E BD FC 13B17A 1B91F8 237 276 2B5 2F4 333 372 3B13F0 Register Code Register Code Figure 4. LED Current (Different Compensation Ratio) vs. Register Code Figure 5. LED Current vs. Register Code Advanced Brightness Control Dimming control is received either from PWM input pin or from I2C register bits which is shown in the Table 11 below. Table 11. Advanced Brightness Control Address Bit Name Default Value Description Resolution R/W 2 08h [1:0] Advanced Brightness Control B00 B00 : PWMO = PWMI or I C (04h, 05h) 2 B01 : PWMO = PWMI multiply I C(04h, 05h) 2 or I C(04h, 05h) 2 B10 : PWMO = PWMI multiply I C(06,07h) 2 2 or I C(04h, 05h) multiply I C (06, 07h) B11 : same as B10 Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 R/W is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 15 RT8555 Table 12. Brightness Control Table B Control2 B Control1 pwm/26K Mix Mode Duty PWM/I2C PWM/MIX 08h[1] 08h[0] 00[7] 00h[3:2] 00h[1] 00h[0] PWM 0 0 0 Don’t care 0 PWM*I2C 0 1 0 Don’t care I2C-PWM-26K 0 0 1 I2C-DC-26K 0 0 1 ILED Max PWMO Duty 0 PWMI PWMI 0 0 PWMI* 04h, 05h PWMI Don’t care 1 0 04h, 05h 04h, 05h 00 1 1 04h, 05h Register MODE LED Driver Headroom The LED driver headroom could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 13. Table 13. LED Driver Headroom Address 08h Bit [3:2] Name LED driver headroom Default Value B00 Description LED driver headroom B00 : 500mV B01 : 570mV B10 : 600mV B11 : 700mV Resolution R/W -- R/W The RT8555 detects all FBx voltage and selects a minimum voltage to EA (Error Amplifier). When the LED driver headroom command is below B00, the LED driver headroom will be kept at 500mV and VOUT can be boost to the highest forward voltage of LED strings. This function can guarantee the highest of FB pin voltage is 700mV. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 16 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Fade IN / OUT Time Control The fade in / out time control could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 14. Table 14. Fade In / Out Time Control Address Bit Name Default Value 09h [6:5] Fade IN / OUT Time Control B00 Description DC mode fade time control B00 : 0.5s B01 : 1s B10 : 2s B11 : 4s Resolution R/W -- R/W Fade in / out time can be control by address 09h[6:5], there are four brightness times that adjust range from 0.5μs to 4μs. When the fade in/out command is below B00, the brightness time of per step will be kept at 0.5μs. This function can guarantee the highest of fade in/out time is 4μs. The Figure 6 shows the fade in time at 10 bit resolution. The Figure 7 shows the fade out time at 10 bit resolution. Fade Out Time (Dimming Down) 50.3 50.2 50.2 LED Current (%) LED Current (%) Fade In Time (Dimming Up) 50.3 50.1 50.0 49.9 50.0 49.9 49.8 49.8 0 1 2 3 4 Time (µs) Figure 6. LED Current (Dimming Up) vs. Fade IN Time Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 50.1 June 2015 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time (µs) Figure 7. LED Current (Dimming Down) vs. Fade Out Time is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 17 RT8555 Soft-Start Time Control The soft-start time control could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 15. Table 15. Soft Start Time Control Address Bit 0Ah [1:0] Name Default Value Soft-Start Time Control Description Resolution R/W -- R/W Soft start time control B00 : x1 B01 : x2 B10 : x4 B11 : x8 B00 Soft-start time can be control by address 0Ah[1:0], there are four soft start times that adjust range from 1 time to 8 time. When the command is below B00, the soft start time will be kept at 1 time. This function can guarantee the highest of soft start time is 8 time. The Figure 8 shows the soft start time at power on. The Figure 9 shows the soft start time at power off. Soft-Start Time (Dimming Up) Soft Start Time (Dimming Down) 100 100 1 Time 2 Time 90 90 80 4 Time 70 LED Current (%) LED Current (%) 80 8 Time 60 50 40 30 70 60 50 40 30 20 20 10 10 4 Time 8 Time 1 Time 2 Time 0 0 0 1280 2560 3840 5120 6400 7680 8960 Time (µs) Figure 8. LED Current (Dimming Up) vs. Soft Start Time Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 18 0 1280 2560 3840 5120 6400 7680 8960 Time (µs) Figure 9. LED Current (Dimming Down) vs. Soft Start Time is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Smart Dither Slope Time Control The smart dither slope time control could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 16. Table 16. Smart Dither Slop Time Control Address Bit Name Default Value 08h [6:4] Smart Dither Slope Time Control B000 09h [4:4] Smart Dither Enable B1 Description Resolution R/W Slope time control B000 : 7.8ms B001 : 7.8ms B010 : 15.625ms B011 : 31.25ms B100 : 62.5ms B101 : 125ms B110 : 250ms B111 : 500ms -- R/W Smart dither enable B0 : Disable B1 : Enable -- R/W Smart dither slope time can be control by address 08h[6:4], there are many difference brightness times that adjust range from 7.8ms to 500ms. When the smart dither slope command is below B000, the slope time that is the dimming duty from 0% to 100% will be kept at 7.8ms. This function can guarantee the highest of slope time is 500ms. The resolution is shown in Table 17. Table 17. Smart Dither Resolution Time (period T) 10 bit mode 0T~1T 1T~2T 2T~3T 3T~4T Dimming Duty (%) 0~ 1.5625% 1.5625% ~3.125% 3.125% ~6.25% 6.25% ~12.5% Resolution (step) 1024 512 512 512 512 512 511 Slope Time Setting 7.8ms 1.114ms 1.114ms 1.114ms 1.114ms 1.114ms 1.114ms 1.114ms Smart Dither Slope Control (Dimming Up) 12.5% ~25% 90 80 80 70 60 50 40 30 50% ~100% 0% to 100% total 7T 70 60 50 40 30 20 20 10 10 0 6T~7T 25% ~50% 100 0% to 100% total 7T 90 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (period T) Figure 10. LED Current (Dimming Up) vs. Time Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 5T~6T Smart Dither Slope Control (Dimming Down) LED Current (%) LED Current (%) 100 4T~5T June 2015 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (period T) Figure 11. LED Current (Dimming Down) vs. Time is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 19 RT8555 Dither Resolution Control The dither resolution control could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 18. Table 18. Dither Slop Time Control Address Bit Name Default Value 09h [1:0] Dither Resolution B00 09h [2:2] PWM Dither Enable B1 09h [3:3] DC Dither Enable B1 Description Dither resolution B00 : 0 bit B01 : 1 bit B10 : 2 bit B11 : 3 bit PWM dither enable B0 : Disable B1 : Enable DC dither enable B0 : Disable B1 : Enable Resolution R/W -- R/W -- R/W -- R/W Dither resolution can be control by address 09h[1:0], there are four kind of dither resolution that are from 0 bit to 3 bit. When the command is below B00, the dither resolution that is the dimming duty from 0% to 100% will be kept at 0 bit. This function can guarantee the highest of dither resolution is 3 bit. The dither resolution is shown in Table 19. Table 19. Dither Resolution Dimming Duty (%) 0~ 1.5625%~ 3.125% 6.25% Resolution 1.5625% 3.125% ~6.25% ~12.5% (step) x Step Time(s) No DC dither 16 x 1s 16 x 1s 32 x 1s 64 x 1s 09h[3:3] = 0 128 x 0bit dither 32 x 16s 32 x 16s 64 x 8s 4s 256 x 1bit dither 64 x 16s 64 x 16s 128 x 8s 4s 512 x 2bit dither 128 x 16s 128 x 16s 256 x 8s 4s 512 x 3bit dither 256 x 16s 256 x 16s 512 x 8s 8s 12.5% ~25% 128 x 1s 256 x 2s 512 x 1s 512 x 4s 512 x 8s 25% ~50% 50% ~100% 256 x 1s 512 x 1s 512 x 2s 512 x 4s 512 x 8s Total Time (s) (0%~100%) 511 x 1s 511 x 1s 511 x 2s 511 x 4s 511 x 8s 1023s 3583s 7166s 14332s 28664s Note : Fade Time is 1s (09h[6:5] = B01) Dither Resolution (Dimming Up) 100 No Dither 0Bit 1Bit 80 90 80 70 60 50 40 2Bit 30 3Bit LED Current (%) 90 LED Current (%) Dither Resolution (Dimming Down) 100 70 60 50 30 20 20 10 10 0 No Dither 0Bit 1Bit 40 2Bit 3Bit 0 0 4200 8400 12600 16800 21000 25200 29400 Time (µs) Figuer 12. LED Current (Dimming Up) vs. Time Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 20 0 4200 8400 12600 16800 21000 25200 29400 Time (µs) Figuer 13. LED Current (Dimming Down) vs. Time is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 26KHz Mode Division Frequency The 26KHz mode division frequency could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 20. Table 20. 26KHz Mode Division Frequency Address Bit 0Ah [7:5] Name 26KHz mode division frequency Default Value B000 Description PWMO frequency B000 : 26KHz B001 : 26KHz/2 B010 : 26KHz/4 B011 : 26KHz/8 B1xx : 26KHz/16 Resolution R/W -- R/W The 26kHz mode division frequency can be control by address 0Ah[7:5], there are five kind of division frequency that contain 26KHz, 26KHz/2, 26KHz/4, 26KHz/8 and 26KHz/16. When the command is below B000, the PWMO frequency that is the 26kHz mode will be kept at 26KHz. This function can guarantee the most of division frequency is division 16 time. Control CLK PFM Function Enable The CLK PFM function enable could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 21. Table 21. Control CLK PFM Function Enable Address Bit 0Dh [7:7] Name Control CLK PFM function enable Default Value B0 Description Resolution R/W -- R/W Control CLK PFM function enable B0 : off B1 : on The CLK PFM function enable can be control by address 0Dh[7:7]. If the bit equals to 0, it means the boost switching frequency just depends on the switching frequency setting. Otherwise, if the bit equals to 1, the boost switching frequency will be decreased, when the boost on time is lower than the minimum on time. LED Protection RT8555 has LED protection for LED OVP level, LED unused. The LED protection could be set by the I2C, it is shown in the Table 22. Table 22. LED Protection Address Bit Name Default Value 0Eh [3:2] LED OVP level B00 0Eh [5:5] LED unused check B0 Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 Description LED OVP level B00 : 2.1V B01 : 2.52V B10 : 2.8V B11 : 3.5V LED unused check B0 : Disable B1 : Enable Resolution R/W -- R/W -- R/W is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 21 RT8555 LED OVP level Over Temperature Protection The LED OVP level can be control by address 0Eh[3:2], there are four kind of LED OVP level that is from 2.1V to 3.5V. When the command is below B00, the LED OVP level that is the minimum FBx voltage up to the target level will be kept at 2.1V. This function can guarantee the highest of LED OVP level is 3.5V. When the minimum FBx voltage rises above the LED OVP level setting, the internal switch will be turned off. Once the minimum FBx voltage drops below the LED OVP level setting, the internal switch will be turned on again. The minimum FBx voltage can be clamped at the LED OVP level setting. The RT8555 has over temperature protection function to prevent the IC from overheating due to excessive power dissipation. The OTP function will shutdown the IC when junction temperature exceeds 150°C (typ.). When junction temperature is cool down to 130°C (TOTP_hys = 20°C ), the LED driver will return to normal work. LED unused check The LED unused check can be control by address 0Eh[5:5]. If the bit equals to 0, it means the function disable. Otherwise, if the bit equals to 1, the function enable, and the internal pulled current of the FBx pin will be turned off. The FBx pin should be connected to GND. This channel is detected as unused channel and latch. If the un-used channel is not connected to GND, and the FBx level is low to 100mV. It means open LED protection. LED Connection The RT8555 equips 6-CH LED drivers and each channel supports up to 10 LEDs. The LED strings are connected from the output of the boost converter to pin FBx (x = 1 to 6) respectively. If one of the current sink channels is not used, the FBx pin should be connected to GND. If the unused channel is not connected to GND, it will be considered that the LED string is opened; the channel will turn light when the LED string is recovering connected. Open LED Protection If the FBx pin voltage is low to 0.1V, the LED driver will judge the channel to be open. The FBx pin voltage will not be regulated and not latch, until the FBx pin is recovery connected, the FBx pin will normal work again. If all FBx pin are open (floating), the output voltage will be clamped to the setting voltage of OVP (VOUT(OVP)). Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 22 Inductor Selection The value of the inductance, L, can be approximated by the following equation, where the transition is from Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) to Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) : L D (1 D)2 VOUT 2 fOSC IOUT The duty cycle, D, can be calculated as the following equation : V VIN D OUT VOUT Where VOUT is the maximum output voltage, VIN is the minimum input voltage, fOSC is the operating frequency, and IOUT is the sum of current from all LED strings. The boost converter operates in DCM over the entire input voltage range when the inductor value is less than this value, L. With an inductance greater than L, the converter operates in CCM at the minimum input voltage and may be discontinuous at higher voltages. The inductor must be selected with a saturated current rating that is greater than the peak current as provided by the following equation : IPEAK VOUT IOUT VIN D TOSC VIN 2L where η is the efficiency of the power converter. Diode Selection Schottky diodes are recommended for most applications because of their fast recovery time and low forward voltage. Power dissipation, reverse voltage rating, and pulsating peak current are important parameters for consideration when making a Schottky diode selection. Make sure that the diode's peak current rating exceeds IPEAK and reverse voltage rating exceeds the maximum output voltage. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Input Capacitor Selection The ceramic capacitors are recommended for input capacitor applications. Low ESR will effectively reduce the input voltage ripple caused by switching operation. Two 10μF/25V capacitors are sufficient for most applications. Nevertheless, this value can be decreased for lower output current requirement. Another consideration is the voltage rating of the input capacitor must be greater than the maximum input voltage. ΔIL Input Current Output Current Time (1-D)TS Output Capacitor Selection Output ripple voltage is an important index for estimating the performance. This portion consists of two parts, one is the ESR voltage of output capacitor, another part is formed by charging and discharging process of output capacitor. Refer to Figure 14, evaluate ΔVOUT1 by ideal energy equalization. According to the definition of Q, the Q value can be calculated as following equation : 1 1 1 Q IIN IL IOUT IIN IL IOUT 2 2 2 VIN 1 COUT VOUT1 VOUT fOSC where fOSC is the switching frequency, and ΔIL is the inductor ripple current. Move COUT to the left side to estimate the value of ΔVOUT1 as the following equation : D IOUT VOUT1 COUT fOSC Then, take the ESR into consideration, the ESR voltage can be determined as the following equation : V D TOSC I VESR OUT IN RESR 2L 1 D Finally, the total output ripple ΔVOUT is combined from the ΔVOUT1 and ΔVESR. In the general application, the output capacitor is recommended to use a 4.7μF/50V electrolytic capacitor. Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. DS8555-00 June 2015 Inductor Current Output Ripple Voltage (ac) Time ΔVOUT1 Figure 14. The Output Ripple Voltage without the Contribution of ESR Thermal Considerations For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute maximum junction temperature. The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the IC package, PCB layout, rate of surrounding airflow, and difference between junction and ambient temperature. The maximum power dissipation can be calculated by the following formula : PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) − TA) / θJA where TJ(MAX) is the maximum junction temperature, TA is the ambient temperature, and θJA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance. For recommended operating condition specifications, the maximum junction temperature is 125°C. The junction to ambient thermal resistance, θJA, is layout dependent. For WL-CSP-20B 1.65x2.05 (BSC) package, the thermal resistance, θJA, is 36.7°C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer thermal test board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25°C can be calculated by the following formula : is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. www.richtek.com 23 RT8555 PD(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (36.7°C/W) = 2.72W for WL-CSP-20B 1.65x2.05 (BSC) package Maximum Power Dissipation (W)1 The maximum power dissipation depends on the operating ambient temperature for fixed T J(MAX) and thermal resistance, θJA. The derating curve in Figure 15 allows the designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature on the maximum power dissipation. Layout Consideration For good regulation, place the power components as close to the IC as possible. The traces should be wide and short, especially for the high current output loop. The input and output bypass capacitor should be placed as close to the IC as possible and connected to the ground plane of the PCB. Minimize the size of the L nodes and keep traces wide and short. Care should be taken to avoid running traces that carry any noise-sensitive signals near LX or highcurrent traces. Separate power ground (PGND) and ground (GND).Connect the GND and the PGND islands at a single end. Make sure that there are no other connections between these separate ground planes. Connect the exposed pad to a strong ground plane for maximum thermal dissipation. 3.0 Four-Layer PCB 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) CIN Figure 15. Derating Curve of Maximum Power Dissipation D1 RIN CPUMP FB6 VIN VIN LX LX FB5 VCP VOUT PGND PGND FB4 GND GND PWM SDA FB1 FB2 FB3 EN L1 COUT1 I2C, Data I2C, Clock PWM dimming LED light bar Chip enable CIN1 CIN2 SCL COUT2 Battery/Adapter Figure 16. PCB Layout Guide Copyright © 2015 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. www.richtek.com 24 is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation. DS8555-00 June 2015 RT8555 Outline Dimension Symbol Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches Min. Max. Min. Max. A 0.500 0.600 0.020 0.024 A1 0.170 0.230 0.007 0.009 b 0.220 0.280 0.009 0.011 D 2.000 2.100 0.079 0.083 D1 E 1.600 1.600 0.063 1.700 0.063 0.067 E1 1.200 0.047 e 0.400 0.016 20B WL-CSP 1.65x2.05 Package (BSC) Richtek Technology Corporation 14F, No. 8, Tai Yuen 1st Street, Chupei City Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8863)5526789 Richtek products are sold by description only. Richtek reserves the right to change the circuitry and/or specifications without notice at any time. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information and data sheets before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. Richtek cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Richtek product. Information furnished by Richtek is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Richtek or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Richtek or its subsidiaries. DS8555-00 June 2015 www.richtek.com 25