RT8470 1.2A/1A, Hysteretic, High Brightness LED Driver with Internal Switch General Description Features The RT8470 is a high efficiency, continuous mode inductive step-down converter, designed for driving single or multiple series connected LEDs from a voltage source higher than the LED voltage. It operates from an input voltage of 7V to 30V and employs hysteretic control with a high side current sense resistor to set the constant output current. z The RT8470 includes an output switch and a high side output current sensing circuit, which uses an external resistor to set the nominal average output current. LED brightness control is achieved with PWM dimming from an analog or PWM input signal. z z z z z z z z z z z The RT8470 is available in a small TSOT-23-5 package or a more thermal efficient SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package. Applications z Ordering Information z RT8470 z Package Type J5 : TSOT-23-5 SP : SOP-8 (Exposed Pad-Option 1) Lead Plating System G : Green (Halogen Free and Pb Free) 7V to 30V Input Voltage Range Hysteretic Control with High Side Current Sensing Internal N-MOSFETs with 350mΩ Ω Low RDS(ON) 1A Output Current (For TSOT-23-5 Only) 1.2A Output Current (For SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) Only) Up to 97% Efficiency Typical ±5% LED Current Accuracy Analog or PWM Control Signal for LED Dimming 300Hz On-Board Ramp Generator Input Under Voltage Lockout Thermal Shutdown Protection RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free z z z Automotive LED Lighting High Power LED Lighting Indicator and Emergency Lighting Architectural Lighting Low Voltage Industrial Lighting Signage and Decorative LED Lighting Pin Configurations Note : Richtek products are : ` (TOP VIEW) RoHS compliant and compatible with the current require- VIN SENSE 5 4 ments of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. ` Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes. 2 Marking Information LX GND ADJ RT8470GJ5 TSOT-23-5 BS= : Product Code BS=DNN 3 DNN : Date Code VIN RT8470GSP RT8470GSP : Product Number RT8470 GSPYMDNN YMDNN : Date Code DS8470-04 August 2011 8 SENSE 2 GND 3 ADJ 4 GND 9 GND 7 LX 6 NC 5 NC SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) www.richtek.com 1 RT8470 Typical Application Circuit VIN 7V to 30V CIN RS RT8470 VIN optional SENSE D ADJ GND L LX Functional Pin Description Pin No. Pin Name Pin Function SOP-8 TSOT-23-5 (Exposed Pad) 7 1 LX Switch Output Terminal. Drain of internal N-MOSFETs. 3, 8, 9 (Exposed Pad) 2 GND Ground. The exposed pad must be soldered to a large PCB and connected to GND for maximum power dissipation. 4 3 ADJ Dimming Control Input : --- Analog signal input for analog control of PWM dimming. --- PWM signal input for digital PWM dimming. 2 4 SENSE Output Current Sense Terminal. Sense LED string current. 1 5 VIN Supply Input Voltage. 5, 6 -- NC No Internal Connection. Function Block Diagram VIN Regulator Bandgap SENSE + - UVLO UVLO VCC 1.25V + UVLO Dimming Ramp Gen. LX GND ADJ www.richtek.com 2 + - Dimming DS8470-04 August 2011 RT8470 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Supply Input Voltage, VIN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Switch Voltage, LX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------z Sense Voltage, SENSE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------z All Other Pins ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------z Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25°C SOP-8 (Exposed pad) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TSOT-23-5 (Single-layer PCB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------TSOT-23-5 (Four-layer PCB) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------z Package Thermal Resistance (Note 2) SOP-8 (Exposed pad), θJA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------SOP-8 (Exposed pad), θJC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------TSOT-23-5, θJA (Single-layer PCB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------TSOT-23-5, θJC (Single-layer PCB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------TSOT-23-5, θJA (Four-layer PCB) --------------------------------------------------------------------------z Junction Temperature -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------z Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) -------------------------------------------------------------------z Storage Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------z ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) HBM (Human Body Mode) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------MM (Machine Mode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------z z Recommended Operating Conditions z z −0.3V to 33V −0.3V to (VIN + 0.7V) (VIN − 5V) to (VIN + 0.3V) −0.3V to 6V 1.333W 0.400W 0.625W 75°C/W 15°C/W 250°C/W 130°C/W 160°C/W 150°C 260°C −65°C to 150°C 2kV 200V (Note 4) Supply Input Voltage, VIN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7V to 30V Junction Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 125°C Electrical Characteristics (VIN = 12V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified) Parameter Mean Current Sense Threshold Voltage Sense Threshold Hysteresis Low-Side Switch On-Resistance Low-Side Switch Leakage Current Under Voltage Lockout Threshold Rising Under Voltage Lockout Threshold Hysteresis Ramp Frequency ADJ Input Threshold Logic-High Voltage Logic-Low Analog Dimming Range Logic-High Analog Dimming Threshold Voltage Logic-Low Symbol Min Typ Max Unit 95 100 105 mV ---- ±15 350 0.01 --10 % mΩ μA VUVLO -- 5.2 -- V ΔVUVLO -- 400 -- mV f RAMP VADJ, H -1.4 300 -- --- Hz VADJ, L -- -- 0.2 0.3 -- -1.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 0.4 -- VSENSE Test Conditions Measure on SENSE Pin with Respect to VIN. VADJ is Floating. VSENSEHYS RDS(ON) VLX = 5V V V V To be continued DS8470-04 August 2011 www.richtek.com 3 RT8470 Min Typ Max Unit Minimum Switch On Time Parameter tON(MIN) Symbol LX Switch On Test Conditions -- 210 -- ns Minimum Switch Off Time Quiescent Input Current with Output Off Quiescent Input Current with Output Switching Internal Propagation Delay tOFF(MIN) LX Switch Off -- 170 -- ns IVIN, Off VADJ = 0V -- 450 -- μA IVIN, On ADJ Pin Floating, f SW = 250kHz, VIN = 8V -- 1000 -- μA tPD -- 25 -- ns Sense Pin Input Current ISENSE -- 300 -- nA Thermal Shutdown Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TSD ΔTSD --- 150 30 --- °C °C VSENSE = VIN – 0.1V Note 1. Stresses listed as the above "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability. Note 2. θJA is measured in natural convection at TA = 25°C on a single-layer and four-layer test board of JEDEC 51 thermal measurement standard. The measurement case position of θJC is on the exposed pad of the package. Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended. Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. www.richtek.com 4 DS8470-04 August 2011 RT8470 Typical Operating Characteristics Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 100% 100 ILED = 1A, L = 33μH Output Current Deviation (%)1 7 LED 95% 95 Efficiency (%) Output Current Deviation vs. Input Voltage 5% 5 3 LED 90% 90 1 LED 85% 85 80% 80 75% 75 ILED = 1A, L = 33μH 4% 4 3 3% 2 2% 7 LED 1 1% 3 LED 1 LED 0 0% -1 -1% -2 -2% -3 -3% -4 -4% -5 -5% 70% 70 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 Input Voltage (V) Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 100% 100 ILED = 500mA, L = 33μH Output Current Deviation (%)1 Efficiency (%) 7 LED 90% 90 1 LED 85% 85 80% 80 75 75% 0 30 35 ILED = 500mA, L = 33μH 4%4 3%3 2%2 1%1 3 LED 1 LED 0%0 7 LED -1% -1 -2% -2 -3% -3 -4 -4% 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35 5 ILED = 350mA, L = 33μH 5% 5 Output Current Deviation (%)1 7 LED 3 LED 1 LED 90% 90 15 20 25 30 35 Output Current Deviation vs. Input Voltage Efficiency vs. Input Voltage 95% 95 10 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) Efficiency (%) 25 -5 -5% 70 70% 100% 100 20 Output Current Deviation vs. Input Voltage 5%5 3 LED 95% 95 15 Input Voltage (V) 85% 85 80% 80 75 75% ILED = 350mA, L = 33μH 4% 4 3% 3 1 LED 2% 2 1% 1 3 LED 0% 0 -1% -1 7 LED -2 -2% -3 -3% -4 -4% -5 -5% 70 70% 0 5 10 15 20 Input Voltage (V) DS8470-04 August 2011 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Input Voltage (V) www.richtek.com 5 RT8470 Output Current Deviation vs. Input Voltage Output Current vs. Input Voltage 4% 4 ILED = 1A, L = 33μH 8 LED Output Current Deviation (%)1 1.04 Output Current (A) 1.03 1.02 1 LED 2 LED 3 LED 4 LED 5 LED 6 LED 7 LED 1.01 1 0.99 ILED = 1A, L = 33μH 2% 2 1% 1 0% 0 1 LED 2 LED 3 LED 4 LED 5 LED 6 LED 7 LED -1% -1 -2% -2 -3 -3% -4 -4% 0.98 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 35 5 10 Input Voltage (V) ILED = 1A, L = 33μH ILED = 1A, L = 33μH 90% 90 700 25 30 35 8 LED 80% 80 600 Duty Cycle (%) Switching Frequency (kHz)1 20 Duty Cycle vs. Input Voltage 100% 100 500 400 1 LED 2 LED 3 LED 4 LED 5 LED 6 LED 7 LED 300 200 100 70% 70 60% 60 50 50% 1 LED 2 LED 3 LED 4 LED 5 LED 6 LED 7 LED 40 40% 30 30% 20 20% 8 LED 10 10% 0 0% 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) Quiescent Input Current vs. Input Voltage Quiescent Input Current vs. Input Voltage 470 1000 Quiescent Input Current (μA) Quiescent Input Current (μA)1 15 Input Voltage (V) Switching Frequency vs. Input Voltage 800 8 LED 3% 3 465 460 455 VADJ = 0V 450 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 VADJ = 2V 0 5 10 15 20 Input Voltage (V) www.richtek.com 6 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 Input Voltage (V) DS8470-04 August 2011 RT8470 Output Current vs. PWM Duty Cycle 1200 Output Current vs. PWM Duty Cycle 1200 RS = 0.1Ω, fDimming = 500Hz 1000 Output Current (mA) Output Current (mA) 1000 RS = 0.1Ω, fDimming = 10kHz 800 600 400 200 800 600 400 200 0 0 0 0% 20 20% 40 40% 60 60% 80 80% 100 100% 0 0% 20 20% PWM Duty Cycle (%) 60 60% 80 80% 100 100% PWM Duty Cycle (%) Output Current vs. ADJ Voltage On-Resistance vs. Temperature 1400 590 R = 83mΩ 1200 Output Current (mA) 535 On-Resistance (m Ω ) 40 40% 480 425 370 315 R = 100mΩ 1000 800 R = 150mΩ 600 400 R = 350mΩ 200 0 260 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4 Temperature (°C) ADJ Voltage (V) Ramp Frequency vs. Temperature Digital Dimming from ADJ On 1.7 350 Ramp Frequency (Hz)1 340 330 320 VADJ (2V/Div) 310 300 290 IOUT (500mA/Div) 280 270 RS = 0.1Ω, fDimming = 500Hz, 1LED, VIN = 12V 260 250 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Time (2.5μs/Div) Temperature (°C) DS8470-04 August 2011 www.richtek.com 7 RT8470 Power On from VIN Digital Dimming from ADJ Off VADJ (2V/Div) VIN (5V/Div) IOUT (500mA/Div) IOUT (500mA/Div) RS = 0.1Ω, fDimming = 500Hz, 1LED, VIN = 12V Time (2.5μs/Div) RS = 0.1Ω or 100mΩ, 1LED Time (1ms/Div) Power Off from VIN VIN (5V/Div) IOUT (500mA/Div) RS = 0.1Ω or 100mΩ, 1LED Time (10ms/Div) www.richtek.com 8 DS8470-04 August 2011 RT8470 Application Information The RT8470 is a simple high efficiency, continuous mode inductive step-down converter. The device operates with an input voltage range from 7V to 30V and delivers up to 1.2A of output current. A high side current sense resistor sets the output current and a dedicated PWM dimming input enables pulsed LED dimming over a wide range of brightness levels. A high side current sensing scheme and an onboard current setting circuitry minimize the number of external components required while using a 1% sense resistor to deliver an LED current with ±3% accuracy for the best performance. Analog Dimming Control The ADJ terminal can be driven by an external voltage (VADJ) to adjust the output current to an average value set by RS. The average output current is given by : ⎛ ⎞ V − 0.4 IOUTavg = ⎜ 0.1V ⎟ × ADJ R 0.8 ⎝ S ⎠ The voltage range for VADJ to adjust the output current is from 0.4V to 1.2V. When VADJ is larger than 1.2V, the output current value will just be set by the external resistor (RS). Digital Dimming Control Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) The RT8470 includes a UVLO feature with 400mV hysteresis. The internal MOSFET turns off when VIN falls below 4.8V (typ.). Setting Average Output Current The RT8470 output current which flows through the LEDs is set by an external resistor (RS), which is connected between the VIN and SENSE terminal. The relationship between output current (IOUT) and RS is shown below : IOUTavg = 0.1V ( A ) RS A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal can drive the ADJ terminal directly. Notice that the PWM signal logic high level must be above 1.4V and the logic low level must be below 0.2V at the ADJ terminal. It's recommended to maintain the PWM dimming at low frequency (ex. 500Hz ) in order to obtain linear dimming curve. PWM Soft-Start Behavior The RT8470 features an optional PWM soft-start behavior that allows for gradual brightness transition. This is achieved by simply connecting an external capacitor between the ADJ pin and GND. An internal current source will then charge this capacitor for soft-start behavior, resulting in steady LED current increase and decrease during power on and power off. Refer to Figure 1. 1.2V Internal VRAMP 0.4V VADJ 0V 1.2A ILED 0A Figure 1. PWM Soft-Start Behavior Mechanism DS8470-04 August 2011 www.richtek.com 9 RT8470 The capacitor can be selected according to below equation : -6 VIN is the supply input voltage (V) VOUT is the total LED forward voltage (V) C = 1.5 x 10 x tSS VD is the rectifier Diode forward voltage (V) where tss is the soft-start period. VSEN is the voltage cross current sense resistor (V) LED Current Ripple Reduction RL is the inductor D.C. resistance (Ω) Higher LED current ripple will shorten the LED life time and increase heat accumulation of LED. There are two ways to reduce the LED current ripple, one way is by increasing the inductance to the lower LED current ripple in absence of an output capacitor. The other way is by adding an output capacitor in parallel with the LED. This will then allow the use of a smaller inductor. L is the inductance (H) Inductor Selection The inductance is determined by the following factors: inductor ripple current, switching frequency, VOUT/ VIN ratio, internal MOSFET, topology specifications, and component parameter. The inductance L is calculated according to the following equation : D L > ⎡ VIN − VOUT − VSEN − RDS(ON) × IOUT ⎤ × ⎣ ⎦ f SW × ΔIL ( ) Due to the limit of the minimum switch on/off time, the inductor value should be selected accordingly. For example, the recommended minimum switch on time must be greater than 210ns and minimum switch off time must be greater than 170ns. Hence, the following equation can be used to verify suitability of the inductor value. L × ΔIL t ON(MIN) > VIN − VOUT − IOUT (RSEN + RL + RDS(ON) ) t OFF(MIN) > L × ΔIL VOUT + VD + VSEN + (IOUT × RL ) The selected inductor must have saturation current higher than the peak output LED current and continuous current rating above the required mean output LED current. In general, the inductor saturation current should be 1.5 times the LED current. In order to minimize output current ripple, higher values of inductance are recommended at higher supply voltages. Due to high values of inductance has high line resistance, it will cause lower efficiency. Diode Selection To obtain better efficiency, the Schottky diode is recommended for its low reverse leakage current, low recovery time and low forward voltage. With its low power dissipation, the Schottky diode outperforms other silicon diodes and increase overall efficiency. Input Capacitor selection Input capacitor has to supply peak current to the inductor and flatten the current ripple on the input. The low ESR condition is required to avoid increasing power loss. The ceramic capacitor is recommended due to its excellent high frequency characteristic and low ESR, which are suitable for the RT8470. For maximum stability over the entire operating temperature range, capacitors with better dielectric are suggested. where Thermal Protection FSW is switching frequency (Hz). D is the duty cycle = VOUT/VIN A thermal protection feature is included to protect the RT8470 from excessive heat damage. When the junction temperature exceeds a threshold of 150°C, the thermal protection will turn off the LX terminal. When the junction temperature drops below 125°C, the RT8470 will turn back IOUT is the required LED current (A) on the LX terminal and return to normal operations. RDS(ON) is the low side switch on-resistance of internal MOSFET ( = 0.35Ω typical) ΔIL is the inductor peak-peak ripple current (internally set to 0.3 x IOUT) www.richtek.com 10 DS8470-04 August 2011 RT8470 Maximum Power Dissipation (W)1 Thermal Considerations For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute maximum junction temperature. The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the IC package, PCB layout, rate of surrounding airflow, and difference between junction and ambient temperature. The maximum power dissipation can be calculated by the following formula : PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) − TA) / θJA where TJ(MAX) is the maximum junction temperature, TA is the ambient temperature, and θJA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance. For recommended operating condition specifications of the RT8470, the maximum junction temperature is 125°C and TA is the ambient temperature. The junction to ambient thermal resistance, θJA, is layout dependent. For TSOT23-5 packages, the thermal resistance, θJA, is 250°C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-3 single-layer thermal test board and 160°C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer thermal test board. For SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package, the thermal resistance, θJA, is 75°C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer thermal test board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25°C can be calculated by the following formulas : 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) TSOT23-5 (Four-Layer PCB) TSOT23-5 (Single-Layer PCB) 0 25 50 75 100 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) Figure 2. Derating Curve for Packages Layout Considerations For best performance of the RT8470, please abide the following layout guide. ` The capacitor CIN, CADJ and external resistor, RS, must be placed as close as possible to the VIN and SENSE pins of the device respectively. ` The GND should be connected to a strong ground plane. ` Keep the main current traces as short and wide as possible. P D(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (250°C/W) = 0.4W for TSOT-23-5 package (single-layer PCB) ` The inductor (L) should be mounted as close to the device with low resistance connections. PD(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (160°C/W) = 0.625W for TSOT-23-5 package (four-layer PCB) ` The ADJ pin trace need to be kept far away from LX terminal. Place the resistor RS as close as possible to VIN and SENSE pin. PD(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (75°C/W) = 1.333W for SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package The maximum power dissipation depends on the operating ambient temperature for fixed T J(MAX) and thermal resistance, θJA. For the RT8470 packages, the derating curves in Figure 2 allow the designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature on the maximum power dissipation. VIN Place the capacitor CIN as close as possible to VIN pin. RS CIN GND LED+ VIN SENSE 5 4 D 1 2 3 LX GND ADJ Place the capacitor CADJ as close as possible to ADJ pin. CADJ L LED- Figure 3. PCB Layout Guide DS8470-04 August 2011 www.richtek.com 11 RT8470 Outline Dimension H A M EXPOSED THERMAL PAD (Bottom of Package) Y J X B F C I D Dimensions In Millimeters Symbol Dimensions In Inches Min Max Min Max A 4.801 5.004 0.189 0.197 B 3.810 4.000 0.150 0.157 C 1.346 1.753 0.053 0.069 D 0.330 0.510 0.013 0.020 F 1.194 1.346 0.047 0.053 H 0.170 0.254 0.007 0.010 I 0.000 0.152 0.000 0.006 J 5.791 6.200 0.228 0.244 M 0.406 1.270 0.016 0.050 X 2.000 2.300 0.079 0.091 Y 2.000 2.300 0.079 0.091 X 2.100 2.500 0.083 0.098 Y 3.000 3.500 0.118 0.138 Option 1 Option 2 8-Lead SOP (Exposed Pad) Plastic Package www.richtek.com 12 DS8470-04 August 2011 RT8470 H D L B C b A A1 e Symbol Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches Min Max Min Max A 0.700 1.000 0.028 0.039 A1 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.004 B 1.397 1.803 0.055 0.071 b 0.300 0.559 0.012 0.022 C 2.591 3.000 0.102 0.118 D 2.692 3.099 0.106 0.122 e 0.838 1.041 0.033 0.041 H 0.080 0.254 0.003 0.010 L 0.300 0.610 0.012 0.024 TSOT-23-5 Surface Mount Package Richtek Technology Corporation Richtek Technology Corporation Headquarter Taipei Office (Marketing) 5F, No. 20, Taiyuen Street, Chupei City 5F, No. 95, Minchiuan Road, Hsintien City Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Taipei County, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8863)5526789 Fax: (8863)5526611 Tel: (8862)86672399 Fax: (8862)86672377 Email: [email protected] Information that is provided by Richtek Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. Richtek reserves the right to make any change in circuit design, specification or other related things if necessary without notice at any time. No third party intellectual property infringement of the applications should be guaranteed by users when integrating Richtek products into any application. No legal responsibility for any said applications is assumed by Richtek. DS8470-04 August 2011 www.richtek.com 13