RFM/data/tr3100?

RFM products are now
Murata products.
TR3100
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Designed for Short-Range Wireless Data Communications
Supports RF Data Transmission Rates Up to 576 kbps
3 V, Low Current Operation plus Sleep Mode
Stable, Easy to Use, Low External Parts Count
Complies with Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS)
433.92 MHz
Hybrid Transceiver
The TR3100 hybrid transceiver is ideal for short-range wireless data applications where robust operation,
small size, low power consumption and low cost are required. The TR3100 employs Murata’s amplifiersequenced hybrid (ASH) architecture to achieve this unique blend of characteristics. All critical RF functions
are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and speeding design-in. The receiver section of the TR3100 is
sensitive and stable. A wide dynamic range log detector, in combination with digital AGC and a compound
data slicer, provide robust performance in the presence of on-channel interference or noise. Two stages of
SAW filtering provide excellent receiver out-of-band rejection. The TR3100 is optimized for RF data rates from
230.4 to 576 kbps using amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) modulation. The transmitter employs SAW filtering to
suppress output harmonics, facilitating compliance with ETSI I-ETS 300 220 and similar regulations.
SM-20L Case
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Rating
Value
Units
Power Supply and All Input/Output Pins
-0.3 to +4.0
V
Non-Operating Case Temperature
-50 to +100
°C
260
°C
Soldering Temperature (10 seconds / 5 cycles max.)
Electrical Characteristics
Characteristic
Operating Frequency
Sym
Notes
fo
Minimum
Typical
433.72
Modulation Types
Maximum
Units
434.12
MHz
576
kbps
ASK
Data Rate
Receiver Performance, High Sensitivity Mode
Sensitivity, 230.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
1
-96
dBm
Sensitivity, 230.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
1
-90
dBm
5.8
mA
Current, 230.4 kbps
Sensitivity, 460.8 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
1
-93
dBm
Sensitivity, 460.8 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
1
-87
dBm
6.5
mA
Current, 460.8 kbps
Sensitivity, 576 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
1
-91
dBm
Sensitivity, 576 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
1
-85
dBm
7.0
mA
Current, 576 kbps
Receiver Out-of-Band Rejection, ±5% fo
R±5%
2
70
dB
Receiver Ultimate Rejection
RULT
2
90
dB
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 1 of 12
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Electrical Characteristics (typical values given for 3.0 Vdc power supply, 25 °C)
Characteristic
Sym
Notes
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
Transmitter Performance
Peak RF Output Power, 250 µA TXMOD Current
PO
Peak Current, 250 µA TXMOD Current
ITP
2
0
dBm
2
10
mA
2nd - 4th Harmonic Outputs
2
-50
dBm
5th - 10th Harmonic Outputs
2
-55
dBm
Non-harmonic Spurious Outputs
2
-50
dBm
TX Turn On/Turn Off Times
tON/tOFF
3
12/6
µs
ASK Output Rise/Fall Times
tTR/tTF
3
0.1/0.1
µs
Sleep Mode Current
0.7
IS
Power Supply Voltage Range
µA
2.2
VCC
3.7
Vdc
10
mVP-P
85
°C
Power Supply Voltage Ripple
Ambient Operating Temperature
TA
-40
CAUTION: Electrostatic Sensitive Device. Observe precautions for handling.
NOTES:
1.
2.
3.
Typical sensitivity data is based on a 10-3 bit error rate (BER), using DC-balanced data. There are two test methods commonly used to measure OOK/ASK
receiver sensitivity, the “100% AM” test method and the “Pulse” test method. Sensitivity data is given for both test methods. See Appendix 3.8 in the ASH
Transceiver Designer’s Guide for the details of each test method. The application/test circuit and component values are shown on the next page and in the
Designer’s Guide.
Data is given with the ASH radio matched to a 50 ohm load. Matching component values are given on the next page.
See Table 1 on Page 8 for additional information on ASH radio event timing.
SM-20L Package Drawing
C
B
D
E
F
A
ASH Transceiver Pin Out
H
GND1
RFIO
G
1
20
VCC1 2
19 GND3
AGCCAP 3
18 CNTRL0
PKDET 4
17 CNTRL1
BBOUT 5
16 VCC2
CMPIN 6
15 PWIDTH
RXDATA 7
14 PRATE
TXMOD 8
13 THLD1
LPFADJ 9
12 THLD2
Dimension
10 11
GND2
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
RREF
Page 2 of 12
mm
Inches
Min
Nom
Max
Min
Nom
Max
A
10.795
10.922
11.049
.425
.430
.435
B
9.525
9.652
9.779
.375
.380
.385
C
1.778
1.905
2.032
.070
.075
.080
D
3.048
3.175
3.302
.120
.125
.130
E
0.381
0.508
0.635
.015
.020
.025
F
0.889
1.016
1.143
.035
.040
.045
G
3.175
3.302
3.429
.125
.130
.135
H
1.778
1.905
2.032
.070
.075
0.80
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ASH Transceiver Application Circuit
ASK Configuration
+3
VDC
CRFB2
CDCB
+
T/R/S
19
LAT
20
CAT
LESD
1
GND
3
RFIO
18
CNT
RL0
17
16
CNT
RL1
VCC
2
RPW
RPR
15
14
RTH1
13
12
P
P
THLD
WIDTH RATE
1
THLD
2
RREF
TOP VIEW
GND1
VCC
1
AGC
CAP
2
3
PK
DET
BB
OUT
4
5
CMP
IN
6
RX
DATA
11
RREF
GND2
10
TX
LPF
MOD
ADJ
7
8
9
LRFB
RLPF
CBBO
CRFB1
RTH2
RTXM
+3
VDC C
CPKD
AGC
Modulation Input
Data Output
Tranceiver Set-Up, 3.0 Vdc, -40 to +85 °C
Item
Symbol
ASK
ASK
ASK
Units
Notes
Nominal NRZ Data Rate
DRNOM
230.4
460.8
576
kbps
Minimum Signal Pulse
SPMIN
4.34
2.17
1.74
µs
single bit
Maximum Signal Pulse
SPMAX
17.36
8.68
6.96
µs
4 bits of same value
see page 1& 2
AGCCAP Capacitor
CAGC
470
300
220
pF
±10% ceramic
PKDET Capacitor
CPKD
390
270
220
pF
±10% ceramic
BBOUT Capacitor
CBBO
1000
680
560
pF
±10% ceramic
TXMOD Resistor
RTXM
8.2
8.2
8.2
K
±5%, for 0 dBm output
LPFADJ Resistor
RLPF
5.1
3.0
2.0
K
±5%
RREF Resistor
RREF
100
100
100
K
±1%
THLD2 Resistor
RTH2
100
100
100
K
±1%, for 6 dB below peak
THLD1 Resistor
RTH1
27
27
27
K
±1%, typical values
PRATE Resistor
RPR
47
30
22
K
±5%
PWIDTH Resistor
RPW
1000 to Vcc
1000 to Vcc
1000 to Vcc
K
±5%
DC Bypass Capacitor
CDCB
4.7
4.7
4.7
µF
tantalum
RF Bypass Capacitor 1
CRFB1
100
100
100
pF
±5% NPO
RF Bypass Capacitor 2
CRFB2
100
100
100
pF
±5% NPO
LRFB
Fair-Rite
Fair-Rite
Fair-Rite
vendor
LAT
68
68
68
nH
RF Bypass Bead
Series Tuning Inductor
2506033017YO or equivalent
50 ohm antenna
Shunt Tuning Capacitor
CAT
6.8
6.8
6.8
pF
±5% NPO
Shunt Tuning/ESD Inductor
LESD
220
220
220
nH
50 ohm antenna
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 3 of 12
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ASH Transceiver Theory of Operation
Introduction
Murata’s amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ASH) transceiver is
specifically designed for short-range wireless data communication
applications. The transceiver provides robust operation, very small
size, low power consumption and low implementation cost. All
critical RF functions are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and
speeding design-in. The ASH transceiver can be readily
configured to support a wide range of data rates and protocol
requirements. The transceiver features excellent suppression of
transmitter harmonics and virtually no RF emissions when
receiving, making it easy to certify to short- range (unlicensed)
radio regulations.
Amplifier-Sequenced Receiver Operation
The ASH transceiver’s unique feature set is made possible by its
system architecture. The heart of the transceiver is the amplifiersequenced receiver section, which provides more than 100 dB of
stable RF and detector gain without any special shielding or
decoupling provisions. Stability is achieved by distributing the total
RF gain over time. This is in contrast to a superheterodyne
receiver, which achieves stability by distributing total RF gain over
multiple frequencies.
Figure 1 shows the basic block diagram and timing cycle for an
amplifier-sequenced receiver. Note that the bias to RF amplifiers
RFA1 and RFA2 are independently controlled by a pulse
generator, and that the two amplifiers are coupled by a surface
acoustic wave (SAW) delay line, which has a typical delay of
0.5 µs.
An incoming RF signal is first filtered by a narrow-band SAW filter,
and is then applied to RFA1. The pulse generator turns RFA1 ON
for 0.5 µs. The amplified signal from RFA1 emerges from the SAW
delay line at the input to RFA2. RFA1 is now switched OFF and
RFA2 is switched ON for 0.55 µs, amplifying the RF signal further.
The ON time for RFA2 is usually set at 1.1 times the ON time for
RFA1, as the filtering effect of the SAW delay line stretches the
signal pulse from RFA1 somewhat. As shown in the timing
diagram, RFA1 and RFA2 are never on at the same time, assuring
excellent receiver stability. Note that the narrow-band SAW filter
eliminates sampling sideband responses outside of the receiver
passband, and the SAW filter and delay line act together to provide
very high receiver ultimate rejection.
Amplifier-sequenced receiver operation has several interesting
characteristics that can be exploited in system design. The RF
amplifiers in an amplifier-sequenced receiver can be turned on and
off almost instantly, allowing for very quick power-down (sleep)
and wake-up times. Also, both RF amplifiers can be off between
ON sequences to trade-off receiver noise figure for lower average
current consumption. The effect on noise figure can be modeled as
if RFA1 is on continuously, with an attenuator placed in front of it
with a loss equivalent to 10*log10(RFA1 duty factor), where the
ASH Receiver Block Diagram & Timing Cycle
Antenna
SAW Filter
RFA1
SAW
Delay Line
P1
RFA2
P2
Detector &
Low-Pass
Filter
Data
Out
Pulse
Generator
RF Data Pulse
RF Input
tPW1
P1
tPRI
tPRC
RFA1 Out
Delay Line
Out
tPW2
P2
Figure 1
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 4 of 12
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ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
TX
IN
CN CN
TRL1 TRL0
RTXM
8
17
TXMOD
Modulation
& Bias Control
TXA2
Antenna
RFIO
20
Tuning
SAW
CR Filter
RFA1
VCC1: Pin 2
VCC2: Pin 16
GND1: Pin 1
GND2: Pin 10
GND3: Pin 19
RREF: Pin 11
CMPIN: Pin 6
18
Power Down
Control
TXA1
Log
SAW
Delay Line
RFA2
BBOUT
Low-Pass
Filter
Detector
BB
LPFADJ 9
Tuning/ESD
5
CBBO
6
Peak
Detector
PKDET 4
DS2
Ref
dB Below
Peak Thld
CPKD
RLPF
AGC
AGC Set
Gain Select
PRATE 14
RPR
15 PWIDTH
AGC Reset
AGC
Control
AGCCAP 3
RXDATA
Thld
Threshold
Control
THLD1
CAGC
11
13
RTH1
RPW
7
DS1
Ref
Pulse Generator
& RF Amp Bias
AND
12
THLD2
RTH2
RREF
Figure 2
duty factor is the average amount of time RFA1 is ON (up to 50%).
Since an amplifier-sequenced receiver is inherently a sampling
receiver, the overall cycle time between the start of one RFA1 ON
sequence and the start of the next RFA1 ON sequence should be
set to sample the narrowest RF data pulse at least 10 times.
Otherwise, significant edge jitter will be added to the detected data
pulse.
ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
Figure 2 is the general block diagram of the ASH transceiver.
Please refer to Figure 2 for the following discussions.
Antenna Port
The only external RF components needed for the transceiver are
the antenna and its matching components. Antennas presenting
an impedance in the range of 35 to 72 ohms resistive can be
satisfactorily matched to the RFIO pin with a series matching coil
and a shunt matching/ESD protection coil. Other antenna
impedances can be matched using two or three components. For
some impedances, two inductors and a capacitor will be required.
A DC path from RFIO to ground is required for ESD protection.
Receiver Chain
The output of the SAW filter drives amplifier RFA1. This amplifier
includes provisions for detecting the onset of saturation (AGC Set),
and for switching between 35 dB of gain and 5 dB of gain (Gain
Select). AGC Set is an input to the AGC Control function, and Gain
Select is the AGC Control function output. ON/OFF control to
RFA1 (and RFA2) is generated by the Pulse Generator & RF Amp
Bias function. The output of RFA1 drives the SAW delay line, which
has a nominal delay of 0.5 µs.
The second amplifier, RFA2, provides 51 dB of gain below
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
saturation. The output of RFA2 drives a full-wave detector with
19 dB of threshold gain. The onset of saturation in each section of
RFA2 is detected and summed to provide a logarithmic response.
This is added to the output of the full-wave detector to produce an
overall detector response that is square law for low signal levels,
and transitions into a log response for high signal levels. This
combination provides excellent threshold sensitivity and more than
70 dB of detector dynamic range. In combination with the 30 dB of
AGC range in RFA1, more than 100 dB of receiver dynamic range
is achieved.
The detector output drives a gyrator filter. The filter provides a
three-pole, 0.05 degree equiripple low-pass response with
excellent group delay flatness and minimal pulse ringing. The 3 dB
bandwidth of the filter can be set from 4.5 kHz to 1.8 MHz with an
external resistor.
The filter is followed by a base-band amplifier which boosts the
detected signal to the BBOUT pin. When the receiver RF amplifiers
are operating at a 50%-50% duty cycle, the BBOUT signal
changes about 10 mV/dB, with a peak-to-peak signal level of up to
685 mV. For lower duty cycles, the mV/dB slope and peak-to-peak
signal level are proportionately less. The detected signal is riding
on a 1.1 Vdc level that varies somewhat with supply voltage,
temperature, etc. BBOUT is coupled to the CMPIN pin or to an
external data recovery process (DSP, etc.) by a series capacitor.
The correct value of the series capacitor depends on data rate,
data run length, and other factors as discussed in the ASH
Transceiver Designer’s Guide.
When an external data recovery process is used with AGC,
BBOUT must be coupled to the external data recovery process
and CMPIN by separate series coupling capacitors. The AGC
Page 5 of 12
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reset function is driven by the signal applied to CMPIN.
When the transceiver is placed in the power-down (sleep) or in a
transmit mode, the output impedance of BBOUT becomes very
high. This feature helps preserve the charge on the coupling
capacitor to minimize data slicer stabilization time when the
transceiver switches back to the receive mode.
Data Slicers
The CMPIN pin drives two data slicers, which convert the analog
signal from BBOUT back into a digital stream. The best data slicer
choice depends on the system operating parameters. Data slicer
DS1 is a capacitively-coupled comparator with provisions for an
adjustable threshold. DS1 provides the best performance at low
signal-to-noise conditions. The threshold, or squelch, offsets the
comparator’s slicing level from 0 to 90 mV, and is set with a resistor
between the RREF and THLD1 pins. This threshold allows a tradeoff between receiver sensitivity and output noise density in the nosignal condition. For best sensitivity, the threshold is set to 0. In
this case, noise is output continuously when no signal is present.
This, in turn, requires the circuit being driven by the RXDATA pin
to be able to process noise (and signals) continuously.
This can be a problem if RXDATA is driving a circuit that must
“sleep” when data is not present to conserve power, or when it its
necessary to minimize false interrupts to a multitasking processor.
In this case, noise can be greatly reduced by increasing the
threshold level, but at the expense of sensitivity. The best 3 dB
bandwidth for the low-pass filter is also affected by the threshold
level setting of DS1. The bandwidth must be increased as the
threshold is increased to minimize data pulse-width variations with
signal amplitude.
Data slicer DS2 can overcome this compromise once the signal
level is high enough to enable its operation. DS2 is a “dB-belowpeak” slicer. The peak detector charges rapidly to the peak value
of each data pulse, and decays slowly in between data pulses
(1:1000 ratio). The slicer trip point can be set from 0 to 120 mV
below this peak value with a resistor between RREF and THLD2.
A threshold of 60 mV is the most common setting, which equates
to “6 dB below peak” when RFA1 and RFA2 are running a 50%50% duty cycle. Slicing at the “6 dB-below-peak” point reduces the
signal amplitude to data pulse-width variation, allowing a lower 3
dB filter bandwidth to be used for improved sensitivity.
DS2 is best for ASK modulation where the transmitted waveform
has been shaped to minimize signal bandwidth (TR3100).
However, DS2 is subject to being temporarily “blinded” by strong
noise pulses, which can cause burst data errors. Note that DS1 is
active when DS2 is used, as RXDATA is the logical AND of the
DS1 and DS2 outputs. DS2 can be disabled by leaving THLD2
disconnected. A non-zero DS1 threshold is required for proper
AGC operation.
AGC Control
The output of the Peak Detector also provides an AGC Reset
signal to the AGC Control function through the AGC comparator.
The purpose of the AGC function is to extend the dynamic range
of the receiver, so that the receiver can operate close to its
transmitter when running ASK and/or high data rate modulation.
The onset of saturation in the output stage of RFA1 is detected and
generates the AGC Set signal to the AGC Control function. The
AGC Control function then selects the 5 dB gain mode for RFA1.
The AGC Comparator will send a reset signal when the Peak
Detector output (multiplied by 0.8) falls below the threshold voltage
for DS1.
A capacitor at the AGCCAP pin avoids AGC “chattering” during the
time it takes for the signal to propagate through the low-pass filter
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
and charge the peak detector. The AGC capacitor also allows the
hold-in time to be set longer than the peak detector decay time to
avoid AGC chattering during runs of “0” bits in the received data
stream. Note that AGC operation requires the peak detector to be
functioning, even if DS2 is not being used. AGC operation can be
defeated by connecting the AGCCAP pin to Vcc. The AGC can be
latched on once engaged by connecting a 150 kilohm resistor
between the AGCCAP pin and ground in lieu of a capacitor.
Receiver Pulse Generator and RF Amplifier Bias
The receiver amplifier-sequence operation is controlled by the
Pulse Generator & RF Amplifier Bias module, which in turn is
controlled by the PRATE and PWIDTH input pins, and the Power
Down (sleep) Control Signal from the Bias Control function.
In the low data rate mode, the interval between the falling edge of
one RFA1 ON pulse to the rising edge of the next RFA1 ON pulse
tPRI is set by a resistor between the PRATE pin and ground. The
interval can be adjusted between 0.1 and 5 µs. In the high data rate
mode (selected at the PWIDTH pin) the receiver RF amplifiers
operate at a nominal 50%-50% duty cycle. In this case, the startto-start period tPRC for ON pulses to RFA1 are controlled by the
PRATE resistor over a range of 0.1 to 1.1 µs.
In the low data rate mode, the PWIDTH pin sets the width of the
ON pulse tPW1 to RFA1 with a resistor to ground (the ON pulse
width tPW2 to RFA2 is set at 1.1 times the pulse width to RFA1 in
the low data rate mode). The ON pulse width tPW1 can be adjusted
between 0.55 and 1 µs. However, when the PWIDTH pin is
connected to Vcc through a 1 M resistor, the RF amplifiers operate
at a nominal 50%-50% duty cycle, facilitating high data rate
operation (TR3100). In this case, the RF amplifiers are controlled
by the PRATE resistor as described above.
Both receiver RF amplifiers are turned off by the Power Down
Control Signal, which is invoked in the sleep and transmit modes.
Transmitter Chain
The transmitter chain consists of a SAW delay line oscillator
followed by a modulated buffer amplifier. The SAW filter
suppresses transmitter harmonics to the antenna. Note that the
same SAW devices used in the amplifier-sequenced receiver are
reused in the transmit modes.
Transmitter operation supports two modulation formats, on-off
keyed (OOK) modulation, and amplitude-shift keyed (ASK)
modulation which is normally used by the TR3100. When OOK
modulation is chosen, the transmitter output turns completely off
between “1” data pulses. When ASK modulation is chosen, a “1”
pulse is represented by a higher transmitted power level, and a “0”
is represented by a lower transmitted power level. OOK
modulation provides compatibility with first-generation ASH
technology, and provides for power conservation. ASK modulation
must be used for high data rates (data pulses less than 30 µs).
ASK modulation also reduces the effects of some types of
interference and allows the transmitted pulses to be shaped to
control modulation bandwidth.
The modulation format is chosen by the state of the CNTRL0 and
the CNTRL1 mode control pins, as discussed below. When either
modulation format is chosen, the receiver RF amplifiers are turned
off. In the OOK mode, the delay line oscillator amplifier TXA1 and
buffer amplifier TXA2 are turned off when the voltage to the
TXMOD input falls below 220 mV. In the OOK mode, the data rate
is limited by the turn-on and turn-off times of the delay line
oscillator, which are 12 and 6 µs respectively. In the ASK mode
TXA1 is biased ON continuously, and the output of TXA2 is
modulated by the TXMOD input current. Minimum output power
occurs in the ASK mode when the modulation driver sinks about
Page 6 of 12
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10 µA of current from the TXMOD pin.
The transmitter RF output power is proportional to the input current
to the TXMOD pin. A series resistor is used to adjust the peak
transmitter output power. 0 dBm of output power requires about
250 µA of input current.
Transceiver Mode Control
The four transceiver operating modes – receive, transmit ASK,
transmit OOK, and power-down (sleep), are controlled by the
Modulation & Bias Control function, and are selected with the
CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 control pins. Setting CNTRL1 and CNTRL0
both high place the unit in the receive mode. Setting CNTRL1 high
and CNTRL0 low place the unit in the ASK transmit mode. Setting
CNTRL1 low and CNTRL0 high place the unit in the OOK transmit
mode. Setting CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 both low place the unit in the
power-down (sleep) mode. Note that the resistor driving TXMOD
must be low in the receive and power-down modes. The PWIDTH
resistor must also be low in the power down mode to minimize
current. CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 are CMOS compatible inputs.
These inputs must be held at a logic level; they cannot be left
unconnected.
Transceiver Event Timing
Transceiver event timing is summarized in Table 1. Please refer to
this table for the following discussions.
Turn-On Timing
The maximum time tPR required for the receive function to become
operational at turn on is influenced by two factors. All receiver
circuitry will be operational 5 ms after the supply voltage reaches
2.2 Vdc. The BBOUT-CMPIN coupling-capacitor is then DC
stabilized in 3 time constants
(3*tBBC). The total turn-on time to stable receiver operation for a 10
ms power supply rise time is:
tPR = 15 ms + 3*tBBC
The maximum time required for either the OOK or ASK transmitter
mode to become operational is 5 ms after the supply voltage
reaches 2.2 Vdc.
Receive-to-Transmit Timing
After turn on, the maximum time required to switch from receive to
either transmit mode is 12 µs. Most of this time is due to the startup of the transmitter oscillator.
Transmit-to-Receive Timing
The maximum time required to switch from the OOK or ASK
transmit mode to the receive mode is 3*tBBC, where tBBC is the
BBOUT- CMPIN coupling-capacitor time constant. When the
operating temperature is limited to 60 oC, the time required to
switch from transmit to receive is dramatically less for short
transmissions, as less charge leaks away from the BBOUT-CMPIN
coupling capacitor.
Sleep and Wake-Up Timing
The maximum transition time from the receive mode to the powerdown (sleep) mode tRS is 10 µs after CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 are
both low (1 µs fall time).
The maximum transition time from either transmit mode to the
sleep mode (tTOS and tTAS) is 10 µs after CNTRL1 and CNTRL0
are both low (1 µs fall time).
The maximum transition time tSR from the sleep mode to the
receive mode is 3*tBBC, where tBBC is the BBOUT-CMPIN
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
coupling-capacitor time constant. When the operating temperature
is limited to 60 oC, the time required to switch from sleep to receive
is dramatically less for short sleep times, as less charge leaks
away from the BBOUT- CMPIN coupling capacitor.
The maximum time required to switch from the sleep mode to
either transmit mode (tSTO and tSTA) is 16 µs. Most of this time is
due to the start-up of the transmitter oscillator.
AGC Timing
The maximum AGC engage time tAGC is 5 µs after the reception of
a -30 dBm RF signal with a 1 µs envelope rise time.
The minimum AGC hold-in time is set by the value of the capacitor
at the AGCCAP pin. The hold-in time tAGH = CAGC/19.1, where
tAGH is in µs and CAGC is in pF.
Peak Detector Timing
The Peak Detector attack time constant is set by the value of the
capacitor at the PKDET pin. The attack time tPKA = CPKD/4167,
where tPKA is in µs and CPKD is in pF. The Peak Detector decay
time constant tPKD = 1000*tPKA.
Pulse Generator Timing
In the low data rate mode, the interval tPRI between the falling edge
of an ON pulse to the first RF amplifier and the rising edge of the
next ON pulse to the first RF amplifier is set by a resistor RPR
between the PRATE pin and ground. The interval can be adjusted
between 0.1 and 5 µs with a resistor in the range of 51 K to 2000
K. The value of the RPR is given by:
RPR = 404* tPRI + 10.5, where tPRI is in µs, and RPR is in kilohms
In the high data rate mode normally used by the TR3100 (selected
at the PWIDTH pin) the receiver RF amplifiers operate at a nominal
50%-50% duty cycle. In this case, the period tPRC from the start of
an ON pulse to the first RF amplifier to the start of the next ON
pulse to the first RF amplifier is controlled by the PRATE resistor
over a range of 0.1 to 1.1 µs using a resistor of 11 K to 220 K. In
this case RPR is given by:
RPR = 198* tPRC - 8.51, where tPRC is in µs and RPR is in kilohms
In the low data rate mode, the PWIDTH pin sets the width of the
ON pulse to the first RF amplifier tPW1 with a resistor RPW to
ground (the ON pulse width to the second RF amplifier tPW2 is set
at 1.1 times the pulse width to the first RF amplifier in the low data
rate mode). The ON pulse width tPW1 can be adjusted between
0.55 and 1 µs with a resistor value in the range of 200 K to 390 K.
The value of RPW is given by:
RPW = 404* tPW1 - 18.6, where tPW1 is in µs and RPW is in kilohms
However, when the PWIDTH pin is connected to Vcc through a 1
M resistor, the RF amplifiers operate at a nominal 50%-50% duty
cycle, facilitating high data rate operation. In this case, the RF
amplifiers are controlled by the PRATE resistor as described
above.
LPF Group Delay
The low-pass filter group delay is a function of the filter 3 dB
bandwidth, which is set by a resistor RLPF to ground at the LPFADJ
pin. The minimum 3 dB bandwidth fLPF = 1445/RLPF, where fLPF is
in kHz, and RLPF is in kilohms.
The maximum group delay tFGD = 1750/fLPF = 1.21*RLPF, where
tFGD is in µs, fLPF in kHz, and RLPF in kilohms.
Page 7 of 12
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Transceiver Event Timing, 3.0 Vdc, -40 to +85 °C
Event
Symbol
Time
Min/Max
Test Conditions
Notes
Turn On to Receive
tPR
3*tBBC + 15 ms
max
10 ms supply voltage rise time
time until receiver operational
Turn On to TXOOK
tPTO
15 ms
max
10 ms supply voltage rise time
time until TXMOD can modulate transmitter
Turn On to TXASK
tPTA
15 ms
max
10 ms supply voltage rise time
time until TXMOD can modulate transmitter
RX to TXOOK
tRTO
12 µs
max
1 µs CNTRL1 fall time
TXMOD low 1 µs before CNTRL1 falls
RX to TXASK
tRTA
12 µs
max
1 µs CNTRL0 fall time
TXMOD low 1 µs before CNTRL0 falls
TXOOK to RX
tTOR
3*tBBC
max
1 µs CNTRL1 rise time
time until receiver operational
TXASK to RX
tTAR
3*tBBC
max
1 µs CNTRL0 rise time
time until receiver operational
Sleep to RX
tSR
3*tBBC
max
1 µs CNTRL0/CNTROL 1 rise times
time until receiver operational
Sleep to TXOOK
tSTO
16 µs
max
1 µs CNTRL0 rise time
time until TXMOD can modulate transmitter
Sleep to TXASK
tSTA
16 µs
max
1 µs CNTRL1 rise time
time until TXMOD can modulate transmitter
RX to Sleep
tRS
10 µs
max
TXOOK to Sleep
tTOS
10 µs
max
1 µs CNTRL0 fall time
time until transceiver is in power-downmode
TXASK to Sleep
tTAS
10 µs
max
1 µs CNTRL1 fall time
time until transceiver is in power-downmode
AGC Engage
tAGC
5 µs
max
1 µs rise time, -30 dBm signal
RFA1 switches from 35 to 5 dB gain
user selected; longer than tPKD
1 µs CNTRL0/CNTROL 1 fall times time until transceiver is in power-downmode
AGE Hold-In
tAGH
CAGC/19.1
min
CAGC in pF, tAGH in µs
PKDET Attack Time Constant
tPKA
CPKD/4167
min
CPKD in pF, tPKA in µs
user selected
PKDET Decay Time Constant
tPKD
1000*tPKA
min
tPKD and tPKA in µs
slaved to attack time
user selected mode
PRATE Interval
tPRI
0.1 to 5 µs
range
low data rate mode
PWIDTH RFA1
tPW1
0.55 to 1 µs
range
low data rate mode
user selected mode
PWIDTH RFA2
tPW2
1.1*tPW1
range
low data rate mode
user selected mode
PRATE Cycle
tPRC
0.1 to 1.1 µs
range
high data rate mode
user selected mode
PWIDTH High (RFA1 & RFA2)
tPWH
0.05 to 0.55 µs
range
high data rate mode
user selected mode
LPF Group Delay
tFGD
1750/fLPF
max
tFGD in µs, fLPF in kHz
user selected
LPF 3 dB Bandwidth
fLPF
1445/RLPF
min
fLPF in kHz, RLPF in kilohms
user selected
BBOUT-CMPIN Time Constant
tBBC
0.064*CBBO
min
tBBC in µs, CBBO in pF
user selected
Table 1
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 8 of 12
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Pin Descriptions
Pin
Name
1
GND1
GND1 is the RF ground pin. GND2 and GND3 should be connected to GND1 by short, low-inductance traces.
Description
2
VCC1
VCC1 is the positive supply voltage pin for the transmitter output amplifier and the receiver base-band circuitry. VCC1 is
usually connected to the positive supply through a ferrite RF decoupling bead, which is bypassed by an RF capacitor on the
supply side. See the ASH Transceiver Designer’s Guide for additional information.
3
AGCCAP
This pin controls the AGC reset operation. A capacitor between this pin and ground sets the minimum time the AGC will holdin once it is engaged. The hold-in time is set to avoid AGC chattering. For a given hold-in time tAGH, the capacitor value CAGC
is:
CAGC = 19.1* tAGH,where tAGH is in µs and CAGC is in pF
A ±10% ceramic capacitor should be used at this pin. The value of CAGC given above provides a hold-in time between tAGH
and 2.65* tAGH, depending on operating voltage, temperature, etc. The hold-in time is chosen to allow the AGC to ride
through the longest run of zero bits that can occur in a received data stream. The AGC hold-in time can be greater than the
peak detector decay time, as discussed below. However, the AGC hold-in time should not be set too long, or the receiver will
be slow in returning to full sensitivity once the AGC is engaged by noise or interference. The use of AGC is optional when
using OOK modulation with data pulses of at least 30 µs. AGC operation can be defeated by connecting this pin to Vcc.
Active or latched AGC operation is required for ASK modulation and/or for data pulses of less than 30 µs. The AGC can be
latched on once engaged by connecting a 150 K resistor between this pin and ground, instead of a capacitor. AGC operation
depends on a functioning peak detector, as discussed below. The AGC capacitor is discharged in the receiver power-down
(sleep) mode and in the transmit modes.
4
PKDET
This pin controls the peak detector operation. A capacitor between this pin and ground sets the peak detector attack and
decay times, which have a fixed 1:1000 ratio. For most applications, these time constants should be coordinated with the
base-band time constant. For a given base-band capacitor CBBO, the capacitor value CPKD is:
CPKD = 0.33* CBBO , where CBBO and CPKD are in pF
A ±10% ceramic capacitor should be used at this pin. This time constant will vary between tPKA and 1.5* tPKA with variations
in supply voltage, temperature, etc. The capacitor is driven from a 200 ohm “attack” source, and decays through a 200 K
load. The peak detector is used to drive the “dB-below-peak” data slicer and the AGC release function. The AGC hold-in time
can be extended beyond the peak detector decay time with the AGC capacitor, as discussed above. Where low data rates
and OOK modulation are used, the “dB-below-peak” data slicer and the AGC are optional. In this case, the PKDET pin and
the THLD2 pin can be left unconnected, and the AGC pin can be connected to Vcc to reduce the number of external components needed. The peak detector capacitor is discharged in the receiver power-down (sleep) mode and in the transmit
modes.
5
BBOUT
BBOUT is the receiver base-band output pin. This pin drives the CMPIN pin through a coupling capacitor CBBO for internal
data slicer operation. The time constant tBBC for this connection is:
tBBC = 0.064*CBBO , where tBBC is in µs and CBBO is in pF
A ±10% ceramic capacitor should be used between BBOUT and CMPIN. The time constant can vary between tBBC and
1.8*tBBC with variations in supply voltage, temperature, etc. The optimum time constant in a given circumstance will depend
on the data rate, data run length, and other factors as discussed in the ASH Transceiver Designer’s Guide. A common criteria is to set the time constant for no more than a 20% voltage droop during SPMAX. For this case:
CBBO = 70*SPMAX, where SPMAX is the maximum signal pulse width in µs and CBBO is in pF
The output from this pin can also be used to drive an external data recovery process (DSP, etc.). The nominal output impedance of this pin is 1 K. When the receiver RF amplifiers are operating at a 50%-50% duty cycle, the BBOUT signal changes
about 10 mV/dB, with a peak-to-peak signal level of up to 685 mV. For lower duty cycles, the mV/dB slope and peak-to-peak
signal level are proportionately less. The signal at BBOUT is riding on a 1.1 Vdc value that varies somewhat with supply voltage and temperature, so it should be coupled through a capacitor to an external load. A load impedance of 50 K to 500 K in
parallel with no more than 10 pF is recommended. When an external data recovery process is used with AGC, BBOUT must
be coupled to the external data recovery process and CMPIN by separate series coupling capacitors. The AGC reset function
is driven by the signal applied to CMPIN. When the transceiver is in power-down (sleep) or in a transmit mode, the output
impedance of this pin becomes very high, preserving the charge on the coupling capacitor.
6
CMPIN
This pin is the input to the internal data slicers. It is driven from BBOUT through a coupling capacitor. The input impedance of
this pin is 70 K to 100 K.
7
RXDATA
RXDATA is the receiver data output pin. This pin will drive a 10 pF, 500 K parallel load. The peak current available from this
pin increases with the receiver low-pass filter cutoff frequency. In the power-down (sleep) or transmit modes, this pin
becomes high impedance. If required, a 1000 K pull-up or pull-down resistor can be used to establish a definite logic state
when this pin is high impedance. If a pull-up resistor is used, the positive supply end should be connected to a voltage no
greater than Vcc + 200 mV.
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 9 of 12
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Pin
Name
Description
8
TXMOD
The transmitter RF output voltage is proportional to the input current to this pin. A series resistor is used to adjust the peak
transmitter output voltage. 0 dBm output power requires about 250 µA of input current. In the ASK mode, minimum output
power occurs when the modulation driver sinks about 10 µA of current from this pin. In the OOK mode, input signals less than
220 mV completely turn the transmitter oscillator off. Internally, this pin appears to be a diode in series with a small resistor.
Peak transmitter output power PO for a 3 Vdc supply voltage is approximately:
PO = 16*(ITXM)2, where PO is in mW, and the peak modulation current ITXM is in mA
A ±5% resistor value is recommended. In the ASK mode (TR3100), this pin accepts analog modulation (shaped or unshaped
data pulses). ASK modulation is practical for data pulses 1 µs or longer. The resistor driving this pin must be low in the
receive and power-down (sleep) modes. Please refer to the ASH Transceiver Designer’s Guide for additional information on
modulation techniques.
9
LPFADJ
This pin is the receiver low-pass filter bandwidth adjust. The filter bandwidth is set by a resistor RLPF between this pin and
ground. The resistor value can range from 330 K to 820 ohms, providing a filter 3 dB bandwidth fLPF from 4.5 kHz to 1.8 MHz.
The resistor value is determined by:
RLPF = 1445/ fLPF, where RLPF is in kilohms, and fLPF is in kHz
A ±5% resistor should be used to set the filter bandwidth. This will provide a 3 dB filter bandwidth between fLPF and 1.3* fLPF
with variations in supply voltage, temperature, etc. The filter provides a three-pole, 0.05 degree equiripple phase response.
The peak drive current available from RXDATA increases in proportion to the filter bandwidth setting.
10
GND2
GND2 is an IC ground pin. It should be connected to GND1 by a short, low inductance trace.
11
RREF
RREF is the external reference resistor pin. A 100 K reference resistor is connected between this pin and ground. A ±1%
resistor tolerance is recommended. It is important to keep the total capacitance between ground, Vcc and this node to less
than 5 pF to maintain current source stability. If THLD1 and/or THDL2 are connected to RREF through resistor values less
that 1.5 K, their node capacitance must be added to the RREF node capacitance and the total should not exceed 5 pF.
12
THLD2
THLD2 is the “dB-below-peak” data slicer (DS2) threshold adjust pin. The threshold is set by a 0 to 200 K resistor RTH2
between this pin and RREF. Increasing the value of the resistor decreases the threshold below the peak detector value
(increases difference) from 0 to 120 mV. For most applications, this threshold should be set at 6 dB below peak, or 60 mV for
a 50%-50% RF amplifier duty cycle. The value of the THLD2 resistor is given by:
RTH2 = 1.67*V, where RTH2 is in kilohms and the threshold V is in mV
A ±1% resistor tolerance is recommended for the THLD2 resistor. Leaving the THLD2 pin open disables the dB-below-peak
data slicer operation.
13
THLD1
The THLD1 pin sets the threshold for the standard data slicer (DS1) through a resistor RTH1 to RREF. The threshold is
increased by increasing the resistor value. Connecting this pin directly to RREF provides zero threshold. The value of the
resistor depends on whether THLD2 is used. For the case that THLD2 is not used, the acceptable range for the resistor is 0
to 100 K, providing a THLD1 range of 0 to 90 mV. The resistor value is given by:
RTH1 = 1.11*V, where RTH1 is in kilohms and the threshold V is in mV
For the case that THLD2 is used, the acceptable range for the THLD1 resistor is 0 to 200 K, again providing a THLD1 range
of 0 to 90 mV. The resistor value is given by:
RTH1 = 2.22*V, where RTH1 is in kilohms and the threshold V is in mV
A ±1% resistor tolerance is recommended for the THLD1 resistor. Note that a non-zero DS1 threshold is required for proper
AGC operation.
14
PRATE
The interval between the falling edge of an ON pulse to the first RF amplifier and the rising edge of the next ON pulse to the
first RF amplifier tPRI is set by a resistor RPR between this pin and ground. The interval tPRI can be adjusted between 0.1 and
5 µs with a resistor in the range of 51 K to 2000 K. The value of RPR is given by:
RPR = 404* tPRI + 10.5, where tPRI is in µs, and RPR is in kilohms
A ±5% resistor value is recommended. When the PWIDTH pin is connected to Vcc through a 1 M resistor, the RF amplifiers
operate at a nominal 50%-50% duty cycle, facilitating high data rate operation (TR3100). In this case, the period tPRC from
start-to-start of ON pulses to the first RF amplifier is controlled by the PRATE resistor over a range of 0.1 to 1.1 µs using a
resistor of 11 K to 220 K. In this case the value of RPR is given by:
RPR = 198* tPRC - 8.51, where tPRC is in µs and RPR is in kilohms
A ±5% resistor value should also be used in this case. Please refer to the ASH Transceiver Designer’s Guide for additional
amplifier duty cycle information. It is important to keep the total capacitance between ground, Vcc and this pin to less than 5
pF to maintain stability.
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 10 of 12
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Pin
Name
Description
15
PWIDTH
The PWIDTH pin sets the width of the ON pulse to the first RF amplifier tPW1 with a resistor RPW to ground (the ON pulse
width to the second RF amplifier tPW2 is set at 1.1 times the pulse width to the first RF amplifier). The ON pulse width tPW1
can be adjusted between 0.55 and 1 µs with a resistor value in the range of 200 K to 390 K. The value of RPW is given by:
RPW = 404* tPW1 - 18.6, where tPW1 is in µs and RPW is in kilohms
A ±5% resistor value is recommended. When this pin is connected to Vcc through a 1 M resistor, the RF amplifiers operate at
a nominal 50%-50% duty cycle, facilitating high data rate operation. In this case, the RF amplifier ON times are controlled by
the PRATE resistor as described above. It is important to keep the total capacitance between ground, Vcc and this node to
less than 5 pF to maintain stability. When using the high data rate operation with the sleep mode, connect the 1 M resistor
between this pin and CNTRL1 (Pin 17), so this pin is low in the sleep mode.
16
VCC2
VCC2 is the positive supply voltage pin for the receiver RF section and transmitter oscillator. Pin 16 must be bypassed with
an RF capacitor, and must also be bypassed with a 1 to 10 µF tantalum or electrolytic capacitor. See the ASH Transceiver
Designer’s Guide for additional information.
17
CNTRL1
CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 select the receive and transmit modes. CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 both high place the unit in the receive
mode. CNTRL1 high and CNTRL0 low place the unit in the ASK transmit mode. CNTRL1 low and CNTRL0 high place the
unit in the OOK transmit mode. CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 both low place the unit in the power-down (sleep) mode. CNTRL1 is
a high-impedance input (CMOS compatible). An input voltage of 0 to 300 mV is interpreted as a logic low. An input voltage of
Vcc - 300 mV or greater is interpreted as a logic high. An input voltage greater than Vcc + 200 mV should not be applied to
this pin. A logic high requires a maximum source current of 40 µA. A logic low requires a maximum sink current of 25 µA (1
µA in sleep mode). This pin must be held at a logic level; it cannot be left unconnected.
18
CNTRL0
CNTRL0 is used with CNTRL1 to control the receive and transmit modes of the transceiver. CNTRL0 is a high-impedance
input (CMOS compatible). An input voltage of 0 to 300 mV is interpreted as a logic low. An input voltage of Vcc - 300 mV or
greater is interpreted as a logic high. An input voltage greater than Vcc + 200 mV should not be applied to this pin. A logic
high requires a maximum source current of 40 µA. A logic low requires a maximum sink current of 25 µA (1 µA in sleep
mode). This pin must be held at a logic level; it cannot be left unconnected.
19
GND3
GND3 is an IC ground pin. It should be connected to GND1 by a short, low inductance trace.
20
RFIO
RFIO is the RF input/output pin. This pin is connected directly to the SAW filter transducer. Antennas presenting an impedance in the range of 35 to 72 ohms resistive can be satisfactorily matched to this pin with a series matching coil and a shunt
matching/ESD protection coil. Other antenna impedances can be matched using two or three components. For some impedances, two inductors and a capacitor will be required. A DC path from RFIO to ground is required for ESD protection.
.1975
.2125
.2375
.1725
SM-20L PCB Pad Layout
.4600
.3825
.3575
.3175
.2775
.2375
.1975
.1575
.410
.270
.140
0.000
.1175
.1025
.0775
0.000
Dimensions in inches
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 11 of 12
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RF Output Power vs ITXM
1.60
1.40
3V
Output Power in mW
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
ITXM in µA
VTXM vs ITXM
1.20
1.15
1.10
VTXM in V
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
ITXM in µA
Note: Specifications subject to change without notice.
©2010-2015 by Murata Electronics N.A., Inc.
TR3100 (R) 4/23/15
Page 12 of 12
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