End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 VTM® Current Multiplier V048F080T030 V 048 F 080 M 030 S C NRTL US High Efficiency, Sine Amplitude Converter™ • 48 V to 8 V VI Chip® Converter • 125°C operation (TJ) • 30 A (45.0 A for 1 ms) • 1 µs transient response • High density – 813 W/in3 • Small footprint – 210 W/in2 • Low weight – 0.5 oz (15 g) VF = 26 - 55 V VOUT = 4.34 - 9.16 V IOUT = 30 A K = 1/6 ROUT = 10.0 mΩ max • 3.5 million hours MTBF • Typical efficiency 95% • No output filtering required © • Pick & Place / SMD or Through hole Product Description Absolute Maximum Ratings The V048F080T030 VI Chip® current multiplier excels at speed, density and efficiency to meet the demands of advanced power applications while providing isolation from input to output. It achieves a response time of less than 1 µs and delivers up to 30 A in a volume of less than 0.295 in3 with unprecedented efficiency. It may be paralleled to deliver higher power levels at an output voltage settable from 4.34 to 9.16 Vdc. The VTM V048F080T030’s nominal output voltage is 8 Vdc from a 48 Vdc input Factorized Bus, VF , and is controllable from 4.34 to 9.16 Vdc at no load, and from 4.04 to 8.89 Vdc at full load, over a VF input range of 26 to 55 Vdc. It can be operated either open- or closed-loop depending on the output regulation needs of the application. Operating open-loop, the output voltage tracks its VF input voltage with a transformation ratio, K = 1/6 , for applications requiring an isolated output voltage with high efficiency. Closing the loop back to an input PRM® regulator or DC-DC converter enables tight load regulation. The 8 V VTM module achieves a power density of 813 W/in3 in a VI Chip package compatible with standard pick-and-place and surface mount assembly processes. The VTM modules fast dynamic response and low noise eliminate the need for bulk capacitance at the load, substantially increasing system density while improving reliability and decreasing cost. Parameter Values Unit -1.0 to 60 Vdc 100 Vdc PC to -In -0.3 to 7.0 Vdc VC to -In -0.3 to 19.0 Vdc -0.5 to 16 Vdc Isolation voltage 2,250 Vdc Output current 30 A Continuous +In to -In +Out to -Out Notes For 100 ms Input to output Peak output current 45.0 A For 1 ms Output power 267 W Continuous Peak output power 400 W For 1 ms 225 °C MSL 5 245 °C MSL 6, TOB = 4 hrs -40 to 125 -55 to 125 °C °C T-Grade M-Grade -40 to 125 -65 to 125 °C °C T-Grade M-Grade [a] Case temperature during reflow Operating junction temperature [b] Storage temperature Notes: [a] 245°C reflow capability applies to product with manufacturing date code 1001 and greater. [b] The referenced junction is defined as the semiconductor having the highest temperature. This temperature is monitored by a shutdown comparator. Part Numbering V VTM™ Module 048 F Input Voltage Designator Configuration F = J-lead T = Through hole VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 1 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 080 Output Voltage Designator (=VOUT x10) T 030 Output Current Designator (=IOUT) Product Grade Temperatures (°C) Grade Storage Operating (TJ) T -40 to125 -40 to125 M -65 to125 -55 to125 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Specifications Input Specs (Conditions are at 48 VIN, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Input voltage range Min Typ Max 26 48 Input dV/dt Input overvoltage turn on Unit Note 55 Vdc Max Vin = 53 V, operating from -55°C to -40°C 1 V/µs 55.0 Vdc Input overvoltage turn off 60.0 Vdc Input current 5.5 Adc Input reflected ripple current 120 No load power dissipation 5.2 Internal input capacitance 3.6 Internal input inductance mA p-p 7.0 Using test circuit in Figure 15; See Figure 1 W µF 5 nH Output Specs (Conditions are at 48 VIN, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Output voltage Rated DC current Min Typ 4.34 4.04 0 Peak repetitive current Short circuit protection set point Current share accuracy Efficiency Half load Full load Internal output inductance Internal output capacitance Output overvoltage set point Output ripple voltage No external bypass 30 µF bypass capacitor Effective switching frequency Line regulation K Load regulation ROUT Transient response Voltage overshoot Response time Recovery time Max Unit Note 9.16 8.89 30 Vdc Vdc Adc No load Full load 26 - 55 VIN 45.0 A 10 Adc % 42 5 94.0 94.0 94.3 94.7 1.6 48 % % nH µF Vdc 9.2 3.10 132 17 3.20 3.30 0.1650 1/6 0.1683 7.5 10.0 200 200 1 220 mVp-p mVp-p MHz Max pulse width 1ms, max duty cycle 10%, baseline power 50% Module will shut down See Parallel Operation on Page 9 See Figure 3 See Figure 3 Effective value Module will shut down See Figures 2 and 5 See Figure 6 Fixed, 1.6 MHz per phase VOUT = K•VIN at no load mΩ See Figure 16 mV ns µs 30 A load step with 100 µF CIN; See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8 VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 2 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Specifications Waveforms Ripple vs. Output Current Output Ripple (mVpk-pk) 150 130 110 90 70 50 30 10 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 27 30 Output Current (A) Figure 2 — Output voltage ripple vs. output current at 48 VF with no POL bypass capacitance. Figure 1 — Input reflected ripple current at full load and 48 VF . Efficiency vs. Output Current Power Dissipation 98 12 Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency (%) 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 10 8 6 4 2 0 Output Current (A) 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Output Current (A) Figure 3 — Efficiency vs. output current. Figure 4 — Power dissipation vs. output current. Figure 5 — Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 VF with no POL bypass capacitance. Figure 6 — Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 VF with 30 µF ceramic POL bypass capacitance and 20 nH distribution inductance. VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 3 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Specifications Figure 7 — 0-30 A load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output capacitance. Figure 8 — 30-0 A load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output capacitance. General Parameter Min MTBF MIL-HDBK-217F Isolation specifications Voltage Capacitance Resistance Typ Max Unit Note 3.5 Mhrs 25°C, GB 3,000 Vdc pF MΩ Input to output Input to output Input to output UL /CSA 60950-1, EN 60950-1 2,250 10 cTÜVus Agency approvals CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive, as applicable Mechanical Weight Dimensions Length Width Height Peak compressive force applied to case (Z axis) Thermal Over temperature shutdown Thermal capacity Junction-to-case thermal impedance (RθJC) Junction-to-board thermal impedance (RθJB) See Mechanical Drawings, Figures 10 – 13 125 0.53/15 oz /g 1.28/ 32,5 0.87 / 22 0.265/ 6,73 5 in / mm in / mm in / mm lbs. 130 9.3 1.1 2.1 6 135 °C Ws /°C °C / W °C / W Supported by J-leads only Junction temperature See Thermal Considerations on Page 9 Auxiliary Pins (Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25°C ambient unless otherwise specified) Parameter Primary Control (PC) DC voltage Module disable voltage Module enable voltage Current limit Disable delay time VTM Control (VC) External boost voltage Min Typ Max Unit Note 4.8 2.4 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 30 5.2 Vdc Vdc Vdc mA µs VC voltage must be applied when module is enabled using PC Source only PC low to Vout low 2.4 12 External boost duration 14 10 2.6 2.9 19 Vdc Required for VTM current multiplier start up without PRM® regulator ms Maximum duration of VC pulse = 20 ms VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 4 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Pin / Control Functions +In / -In DC Voltage Ports 4 The VTM current multiplier input should be connected to the PRM® regulator output terminals. Given that both the regulator and current multiplier have high switching frequencies, it is often good practice to use a series inductor to limit high frequency currents between the PRM module output and VTM module input capacitors. The input voltage should not exceed the maximum specified. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage turn-off, the VTM module will shutdown. The VTM module does not have internal input reverse polarity protection. Adding a properly sized diode in series with the positive input or a fused reverse-shunt diode will provide reverse polarity protection. 3 2 +Out B B C C D D F G H H J J +Out -Out K K L L M M N N P P R R T T TM – For Factory Use Only Bottom View VC – VTM Control The VC port is multiplexed. It receives the initial VCC voltage from an upstream PRM regulator, synchronizing the output rise of the VTM module with the output rise of the regulator. Additionally, the VC port provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for the current multiplier output resistance. In typical applications using VTM modules powered from PRM regulators, the regulators VC port should be connected to the VTM module VC port. Signal Name +In –In TM VC PC +Out The VC port is not intended to be used to supply VCC voltage to the VTM module for extended periods of time. If VC is being supplied from a source other than the PRM regulators, the voltage should be removed after 20 ms. –Out Pin Designation A1-E1, A2-E2 L1-T1, L2-T2 H1, H2 J1, J2 K1, K2 A3-D3, A4-D4, J3-M3, J4-M4 E3-H3, E4-H4, N3-T3, N4-T4 Figure 9 — VTM current multiplier pin configuration PC – Primary Control The Primary Control (PC) port is a multifunction port for controlling the current multiplier as follows: Disable – If PC is left floating, the VTM module output is enabled. To disable the output, the PC port must be pulled lower than 2.4 V, referenced to -In. Optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the PC port. Once disabled, 14 V must be re-applied to the VC port to restart the VTM module. Primary Auxiliary Supply – The PC port can source up to 2.4 mA at 5 Vdc. +Out / -Out DC Voltage Output Ports The output and output return are through two sets of contact locations. The respective +Out and –Out groups must be connected in parallel with as low an interconnect resistance as possible. Within the specified input voltage range, the Level 1 DC behavioral model shown in Figure 16 defines the output voltage of the VTM module. The current source capability of the VTM module is shown in the specification table. To take full advantage of the VTM current multiplier, the user should note the low output impedance of the device. The low output impedance provides fast transient response without the need for bulk POL capacitance. Limited-life electrolytic capacitors required with conventional converters can be reduced or even eliminated, saving cost and valuable board real estate. VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 5 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 +In E E -Out 1 A A TM VC PC -In End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Mechanical Drawings TOP VIEW ( COMPONENT SIDE) BOTTOM VIEW NOTES: mm 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 10 — V T M module J-Lead mechanical outline; Onboard mounting RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN ( COMPONENT SIDE SHOWN ) NOTES: mm 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE: .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 11 — VTM module J-Lead PCB land layout information; Onboard mounting VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 6 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Mechanical Drawings (continued) TOP VIEW ( COMPONENT SIDE ) BOTTOM VIEW NOTES: (mm) 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = ±0.25 [0.01]; X.XX [X.XXX] = ±0.13 [0.005] 3. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 12 — V T M through-hole module mechanical outline RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN ( COMPONENT SIDE SHOWN ) NOTES: (mm) 1. DIMENSIONS ARE inch . 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = ±0.25 [0.01]; X.XX [X.XXX] = ±0.13 [0.005] 3. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com Figure 13 — VTM through-hole module PCB layout information VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 7 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Mechanical Drawings (continued) RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN (NO GROUNDING CLIPS) TOP SIDE SHOWN NOTES: 1. MAINTAIN 3.50 [0.138] DIA. KEEP-OUT ZONE FREE OF COPPER, ALL PCB LAYERS. 2. (A) MINIMUM RECOMMENDED PITCH IS 39.50 [1.555], THIS PROVIDES 7.00 [0.275] COMPONENT EDGE-TO-EDGE SPACING, AND 0.50 [0.020] CLEARANCE BETWEEN VICOR HEAT SINKS. (B) MINIMUM RECOMMENDED PITCH IS 41.00 [1.614], THIS PROVIDES 8.50 [0.334] COMPONENT EDGE-TO-EDGE SPACING, AND 2.00 [0.079] CLEARANCE BETWEEN VICOR HEAT SINKS. 3. VI CHIP® MODULE LAND PATTERN SHOWN FOR REFERENCE ONLY; ACTUAL LAND PATTERN MAY DIFFER. DIMENSIONS FROM EDGES OF LAND PATTERN TO PUSH-PIN HOLES WILL BE THE SAME FOR ALL FULL SIZE VI CHIP PRODUCTS. RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN (With GROUNDING CLIPS) TOP SIDE SHOWN 4. RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION. 5. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE MM [INCH]. TOLERANCES ARE: X.X [X.XX] = ±0.3 [0.01] X.XX [X.XXX] = ±0.13 [0.005] 6. PLATED THROUGH HOLES FOR GROUNDING CLIPS (33855) SHOWN FOR REFERENCE. HEAT SINK ORIENTATION AND DEVICE PITCH WILL DICTATE FINAL GROUNDING SOLUTION. Figure 14 — Hole location for push pin heat sink relative to VI Chip® module VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 8 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Application Note Parallel Operation Input Impedance Recommendations In applications requiring higher current or redundancy, VTM current multipliers can be operated in parallel without adding control circuitry or signal lines. To maximize current sharing accuracy, it is imperative that the source and load impedance on each VTM module in a parallel array be equal. If the modules are being fed by an upstream PRM® regulator, the VC nodes of all VTM modules must be connected to the PRM module VC. To take full advantage of the current multiplier’s capabilities, the impedance of the source (input source plus the PC board impedance) must be low over a range from DC to 5 MHz. Input bypass capacitance may be added to improve transient performance or compensate for high source impedance. The VTM module has extremely wide bandwidth so the source response to transients is usually the limiting factor in overall output response of the module. To achieve matched impedances, dedicated power planes within the PC board should be used for the output and output return paths to the array of paralleled VTMs. This technique is preferable to using traces of varying size and length. Anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the VTM module, multiplied by its K factor of 1/6 . The DC resistance of the source should be kept as low as possible to minimize voltage deviations on the input to the module. If the module is going to be operating close to the high limit of its input range, make sure input voltage deviations will not trigger the input overvoltage turn-off threshold. The VTM module power train and control architecture allow bi-directional power transfer when the module is operating within its specified ranges. Bi-directional power processing improves transient response in the event of an output load dump. The module may operate in reverse, returning output power back to the input source. It does so efficiently. Input Fuse Recommendations VI Chip products are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. However, input line fusing of VI Chip modules must always be incorporated within the power system. A fast acting fuse is required to meet safety agency Conditions of Acceptability. The input line fuse should be placed in series with the +In port. Thermal Considerations VI Chip® products are multi-chip modules whose temperature distribution varies greatly for each part number as well as with the input /output conditions, thermal management and environmental conditions. Maintaining the top of the V048F080T030 case to less than 100°C will keep all junctions within the VI Chip module below 125°C for most applications. The percent of total heat dissipated through the top surface versus through the J-lead is entirely dependent on the particular mechanical and thermal environment. The heat dissipated through the top surface is typically 60%. The heat dissipated through the J-lead onto the PCB board surface is typically 40%. Use 100% top surface dissipation when designing for a conservative cooling solution. It is not recommended to use a VI Chip module for an extended period of time at full load without proper heat sinking. Input reflected ripple measurement point F1 7A Fuse C1 47 µF Al electrolytic +Out +In C2 0.47 µF ceramic TM VC PC 14 V + – -In VTM ® -Out +Out K Ro -Out + R3 10 mΩ C3 30 µF Load – Notes: C3 should be placed close to the load R3 may be ESR of C3 or a separate damping resistor. Figure 15 — VTM module test circuit VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 9 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Application Note (continued) VTM Current Multiplier Level 1 DC Behavioral Model for 48 V to 8 V, 30 A ROUT IOUT + + 7.5 mΩ 1/6 • IOUT VIN IQ 108 mA + – V•I K + 1/6 • VIN VOUT – – – © Figure 16 — This model characterizes the DC operation of the VI Chip® VTM, including the converter transfer function and its losses. The model enables estimates or simulations of output voltage as a function of input voltage and output load, as well as total converter power dissipation or heat generation. VI Chip® VTM Current Multiplier Level 2 Transient Behavioral Model for 48 V to 8 V, 30 A 0.7 nH IOUT + 1/6 • IOUT 3.6 µF IQ 108 mA RCOUT OUT 2.7 mΩ V•I 1.3 mΩ CIN + 7.5 mΩ RRCIN CIN VIN LOUT = 1.6 nH ROUT 0.2 mΩ + + – – 1/6 • VIN 48 µF COUT VOUT K – – Figure 17 — This model characterizes the AC operation of the VI Chip VTM including response to output load or input voltage transients or steady state modulations. The model enables estimates or simulations of input and output voltages under transient conditions, including response to a stepped load with or without external filtering elements. In figures below; K = VTM current multiplier transformation ratio RO = VTM output resistance VF = PRM® output (Factorized Bus Voltage) VO = VTM output VL = Desired load voltage FPA™ Adaptive Loop 0.01 µF 10 kΩ VC PC TM IL NC PR PRM® -AL Module +In VH SC SG OS NC CD ROS Factorized Bus (VF ) +Out +In +Out RCD TM VC PC +Out 0.4 µH VIN VTM Module 10 Ω –In – In –Out ® – Out K Ro L O A D – Out Figure 18 — The PRM regulator controls the factorized bus voltage, VF , in proportion to output current to compensate for the output resistance, Ro, of the VTM current multipler. The VTM module output voltage is typically within 1% of the desired load voltage (VL) over all line and load conditions. VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 10 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474 © End of Life - Replaced by VTM48Ex080y030A00 V048F080T030 Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request. Product Warranty In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the “Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Life Support Policy VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965. Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: [email protected] Technical Support: [email protected] VTM® Current Multiplier Rev 2.9 vicorpower.com Page 11 of 11 06/2014 800 927.9474