ES51916 11,000 Counts Auto DMM Features • Band-gap reference voltage output • 11,000 counts LCD display • CE selection • Conversion rate : 4 times/s • On-chip independent OPAMP • Full automatic measurement • Serial data output (RS232 format) *Voltage measurement: 110.00mV – 1000.0V • LCD segment check when power on • Auto power off with idle time selection *Current measurement: μA/mA/A • Sleep output *Resistance measurement: • Re-power on 110.00Ω – 110.0MΩ *Frequency counter: 1.1000KHz – 110.00MHz • Current modes for clamp meter • Diode mode & Continuity check • ADP mode with independent reference voltage • Temperature mode with internal scale conversion circuit from 0C to 0F • VAHZ function (Taiwan patent no.: 510502) • Peak Hold with automatic calibration (Taiwan patent no.: 476418) • Relative function • Zero function in manual DCA mode • Data hold function • MAX/MIN function • SHIFT function • High Crest Factor signal detection • On-chip buzzer driver • 3V DC power supply • Low battery detection for 3V or 9V battery • Back light function Description ES51916 is an integrated analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with 11,000 counts LCD display, automatic range selection, and 3V DC power supply. Automatic range selection is provided for voltage (AC/DC) measurement, resistance measurement, current measurement, and frequency counter. Expensive and bulky mechanical range switches are not required. Other features include peak detection with calibration mode, relative value display, zero-offset removing feature in manual DCA mode for clampmeter, data holding, maximum and minimum holding, diode measurement, temperature measurement, continuity checking, low battery detection, auto power off, re-power on, and RS232 data output. (Taiwan patent no.: 234661) v1.2 1 11/09/06 V+ V+ CREF+ CREFCINT CAZ BUFF RAZ IVSH IVSL OVX OVH OVSG OR1 VR5 VR4 VR3 VR2 TEST5 ACVL ACVH ADI ADO ADOHZ OPO OPIN+ OPINPWD VRH VR OSC1 OSC2 APOSEL CESEL BKLIT KEY SLACDC FC5 FC4 FC3 FC2 FC1 LBAT9 SDO C+ CVDGND AGND AGND v1.2 100 2 25 90 20 85 15 95 10 5 55 60 65 70 75 80 RANGE HOLD REL_ZERO PEAK VAHZ MAX/MIN BKOUT BUZOUT BUZIN ANNUNC BP1 BP2 BP3 BP4 SEG01 SEG02 SEG03 SEG04 SEG05 SEG06 SEG07 SEG08 SEG09 SEG10 SEG11 SEG12 SEG13 SEG14 SEG15 SEG16 Application Digital multimeter Clamp meter Thermometer Pin Assignment Cyrustek. com.tw ES51916 50 45 40 35 SEG17 NC OHMC3 OHMC2 RS232 FREQ SLEEP OHMC1 NC NC NC NC PMAX PMIN VBAR VR1 SGND ADP VAVA+ 11/09/06 Pin Description Pin No Symbol Type 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 IVSH IVSL OVX OVH OVSG OR1 VR5 VR4 VR3 VR2 TEST 5 ACVL I I I I I O O O O O I/O O 21 ACVH O 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ADI ADO ADOHZ OPO OPIN+ OPINPWD VRH VR VA+ I O I O I I I O I I 32 VA- I 33 34 35 36 ADP SGND VR1 VBAR I G I I 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 PMIN PMAX NC NC NC NC OHMC1 SLEEP O O Output of on-chip DC-DC converter. Output of on-chip DC-DC converter. Positive connection for reference capacitor. Negative connection for reference capacitor. Integrator output. Connect to integral capacitor Auto-zero capacitor connection. Buffer output pin. Connect to integral resistor Buffer output pin in high-speed mode. Connect to high-speed integral resistor. Current measurement input for 1100μA, 110mA and 11A modes. Current measurement input for 110μA, 11mA. Input high voltage for resistance measurement Output connection for resistance measurement Sense low voltage for resistance measurement Reference resistor connection for 110.00Ω range Voltage measurement ÷10000 attenuator(1000.0V) Voltage measurement ÷1000 attenuator(110.00V) Voltage measurement ÷100 attenuator(11.000V) Voltage measurement ÷10 attenuator(1.1000V) Test pin DC signal low input in ACV/ACA mode. Connect to negative output of external AC to DC converter. DC signal high input in ACV/ACA mode. Connect to positive output o external AC to DC converter. Negative input of internal AC to DC OP Amp. Output of internal AC to DC OP Amp. Frequency input under voltage/current mode, offset to AGND. Output of internal independent OP Amp. Positive input terminal of on-chip independent OP Amp. Negative input terminal of on-chip independent OP Amp. Power-down enable for on-chip independent OP Amp. Output of band-gap voltage reference. Typically –1.23V Reference input voltage connection. Typically –100mV For ADP mode. De-integrating voltage positive input. The input should be higher than VA-. For ADP mode. De-integrating voltage negative input. The input should be lower than VA+. Measurement input in ADP mode. Signal Ground. Measurement input. In temperature mode, it is used to control decimal point. In µA or mA modes, it is used to control the ‘µ’ or ‘m’ sign. Minimum peak hold output Maximum peak hold output. O O Filter capacitor connection for resistance mode. Sleep mode indicator, asserts low in SLEEP mode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 v1.2 V+ V+ CREF+ CREFCINT CAZ BUFF RAZ O O I/O I/O O I O O Description 3 11/09/06 45 FREQ 46 RS232 47 OHMC2 48 OHMC3 49 NC 50 - 66 SEG17 – SEG01 67 BP4 68 BP3 69 BP2 70 BP1 71 ANNUNC 72 73 BUZIN BUZOUT 74 BKOUT 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 MAXMIN VAHZ PEAK REL_ZERO HOLD RANGE OSC1 OSC2 APOSEL CESEL BKLIT KEY 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 SLACDC FC5 FC4 FC3 FC2 FC1 LBAT9 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 SDO C+ CVDGND AGND AGND v1.2 I I O O Frequency counter input, offset V-/2 internally by the chip. Assert low to enable serial data output. Filter capacitor connection for resistance mode. Filter capacitor connection for resistance mode. O O O O O O LCD segment line 01 – 17 LCD backplane 4 LCD backplane 3 LCD backplane 2 LCD backplane 1 Square wave output at the backplane frequency, synchronized to BP1. ANNUNC can be used to control display annunciator. Connect a LCD segment to ANNUNC to turn it on; connect an LCD segment to its backplane to turn it off. I Pull to V- to enable the BUZOUT. O Outputs a 2KHz audio frequency signal for driving piezoelectric buzze when BUZIN is low. O If BKLIT function is enabled, this pin will change from –3V to +3V For 60 sec, once press BKLIT pin again within 60 sec, this pin will Change back to –3V. I Pulse to V- to enable MAX/MIN function. I Pulse to V- to enable VAHZ mode. I Pulse to V- to enable Peak Hold mode. I Pulse to V- to enable Relative function or Zero function. I Pulse to V- to enable HOLD function. I Pulse to V- to enable manual mode and manual range selection. I Crystal oscillator input connection O Crystal oscillator output connection I Idle time selection for auto power off feature. I CE selection feature control pin. I Back light function. Pulse low to set BKOUT pin output. I Pulse to V- to change mode. In ADP mode, if this pin is connected to V-, the buzzer output will be off when the ADP input overflows. I Select initial state. Please refer to page 12 I Switch 5 for function selection. I Switch 4 for function selection. I Switch 3 for function selection. I Switch 2 for function selection. I Switch 1 for function selection. I Low battery configuration. If 3V battery is used, connect it to AGND. The default low-battery threshold voltage is –2.3V. If 9V battery is Used, the low battery annunciator is displayed when the voltage of this pin is less than VRH (-1.2V) O RS232 compliant serial data output. O Positive capacitor connection for on-chip DC-DC converter. O Negative capacitor connection for on-chip DC-DC converter. P Negative supply voltage. Connecting to 3V battery negative terminal. P/G Digital ground. Connecting to 3V battery positive terminal. P/G Analog ground. P/G Analog ground. 4 11/09/06 Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Supply Voltage (V- to AGND) Analog Input Voltage V+ AGND/DGND Digital Input Power Dissipation. Flat Package Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Rating -4V V- -0.6 to V+ +0.6 V+ ≥ (AGND/DGND+0.5V) AGND/DGND ≥ (V- -0.5V) V- -0.6 to DGND +0.6 500mW 0℃ to 70℃ -25℃ to 125℃ Electrical Characteristics TA=25℃, V- = -3V Parameter Power supply Operating supply current In DCV mode Voltage roll-over error Voltage nonlinearity Symbol Test Condition VIDD Normal operation ISS In sleep mode REV 10MΩ input resistor NLV Best case straight line VREF V- to AGND 10MΩ input resistor 100KΩ resistor between VRH and AGND -3.5V≤ V ≤-2.2V Input Leakage Low battery flag voltage Zero input reading Reference voltage Peak to peak backplane drive voltage Counter time base period Open circuit voltage for 110Ω range Open circuit voltage for Ω measurement (except 110Ω) Internal pull-high to 0V current Internal pull-low to Vcurrent AC frequency response at 1.1000V range Sensitivity in VAHZ mode v1.2 fOSC = 4MHZ Ω and Continuity Mode Between V- pin and HOLD, RANGE, KEY, FC1~FC5, BKLIT,MAXMIN Between V- pin and RS232 Between GND Pin and PWN ±1% ±5% Input from ADOHZ Duty cycle=50% 5 Min. -3.5 — — — Typ. -3.0 1.8 2.5 — Max -2.2 2.0 5 ±0.05 Units V mA µA %F.S1 — — ±0.05 %F.S -10 -2.4 -000 1 -2.3 000 10 -2.2 +000 pA V counts -1.33 -1.23 -1.13 V 3.1 3.2 3.3 V — 1 — sec — -3.0 — V -0.38 -0.34 -0.30 V — 1.2 — — 11 — 1.5 — — 600 40-400 400-2000 µA µA — — HZ mV(Vpp) 11/09/06 Sensitivity in Frequency mode Reference voltage temperature coefficient TCRF Minimum pulse width for Peak Hold feature TPW Input from FREQ Duty cycle=50% 100KΩ resister Between VRH 0℃<TA<70℃ 4MHz crystal oscillator mV(Vpp) 600 — 50 — ppm/℃ 100 µs Note: 1.Full Scale 2.Above specification from 11nF to 1.1uF ranges are specified under REL mode. Function Description 1. Operating Modes 1.1 Voltage Measurement A re-configurable voltage divider automatically provides a suitable range in voltage measurement mode. The following table summarizes the full-scale ranges in each configuration. Configuration VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 Full Scale Range 110.00mV 1.1000V 11.000V 110.00V 1100.0V Divider Ratio 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000 1/10000 Resister Connection R1 R2 / (R1+R2) R3 / (R1+R3) R4 / (R1+R4) R5 / (R1+R5) Note: 110.00mV range only exists in manual mode. 1.1.2 CE selection ES51916 has a CE selection feature archived by configuring an CESEL pin. If pin CESEL is connected to DGND or floating, ES51916 will have a 610.0V overflow level in DC and AC 1100.0V ranges. If pin CESEL is connected to V-, ES51916 will have a 1010.0V overflow level in DC and AC 1100.0V ranges. The meter will Show OL when the measuring signal reaches the overflow level. The configuration of CESEL is listed below. CESEL VDGND or floating v1.2 DCV 1010.0V 610.0V 6 ACV 1010.0V 610.0V 11/09/06 1.1.3 HCF signal detection ES51916 provides detection of high-crest-factor (HCF) signal in ACV mode. When this function is enabled, ES51916 senses the signal and determines it as HCF if the Vpp is large enough. Once the signal is determined as HCF, ES51916 will jump up one measuring range regardless of current measurement value. It takes 60ms to jump one range up. The jumping up process will continue until the maximum range is reached. With HCF detection, a more accurate result could be obtained. For example, when a input signal with Vpp=500V, Vrms=100V(CF=5) was applied, traditional 4000 counts DMMs might stay at 400V range but shows counts with the amount of error up to 10% or even bigger. The error rises from limited input/output swing at internal ADC. With HCF detection, DMM will stay at 4000V and exhibits more accurate results. In addition to accuracy improvement, HCF will speed up the measuring process for high voltage signals. For example, a 1000Vrms is applied, ES51916 will take about 180ms (3 HCF jumps) to enter 1100.0 V range. And it takes 1 or 2 measuring processes to obtain the stable result. Thus a stable LCD reading could be obtained within 1 sec. In determining whether the input signal is HCF, ES51916 senses the signal at VR1 for fast response. However if a signal consists of a small ac part and a large enough dc part, ES51916 might incorrectly treat it as HCF. This could incur range looping phenomenon, i.e., the measurement could not settle to a specific range. v1.2 7 11/09/06 1.1.4 The true RMS-to-DC conversion with ES636 If ES636 is used for true RMS-to-DC measurement, the test circuit is shown in Figure 1. Make ADO and ADI pin short, and TEST5 pin keeps float. Connect OVSG pin to AGND through a switch in ACV measurement mode. AGND +Vs -Vs 4.7u ES636 -Vs 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 3 +Vs AGND TL061 10 AGND 6 5 1 100K N1 1K +Vs 500K 3.3u + 4 1.5K -Vs N2 AGND 30K 10K AGND +Vs 0.1u 1M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 AGND 5k 27k -Vs ES51916 7 4.7u + OVSG OR1 VR5 VR4 VR3 VR2 TEST5 ACVL 99.5 1K 10K 101K 1.111M ACV 10K ACVH PWD OPOP+ ADO ADI AGND Note: The filter capacitors for +Vs and -Vs are recommended to near to the power terminals of ES636 and external OPAMP. 100K OPO ADOHZ AGND Figure 1. The true RMS-to-DC conversion with ES636 v1.2 8 11/09/06 1.2 Resistance Measurement A re-configurable divider automatically provides a suitable full-scale range in resistance measurement mode. The following table summarizes the full-scale ranges and the reference resistors in each configuration. In 110.0MΩ, the maximum counting number is 1100 counts and the resolution is 0.1MΩ. So the full scale becomes 110.0MΩ. Configuration OR1 OR2 OR3 OR4 OR5 OR6 OR7 Full Scale Range 110.00Ω 1.1000KΩ 11.000KΩ 110.00KΩ 1.1000MΩ 11.000MΩ 110.0MΩ Divider Ratio R6 R5 R4 R1‖ R3 R1‖ R2 R1 R1 Resister Connection 100Ω 1KΩ 10KΩ 100KΩ 1MΩ 10MΩ 10MΩ 1.3 Current measurement ES51916 has 2 automatic and 1 manual current measurement modes for multimeter and 5 manual current measurement modes for clampmeter. The following table summarizes the full-scale range of each mode. When ES51916 operate in the current measurement modes for multimeter, It takes high input from pin IVSH or IVSL, low input from pin SGND and reference voltage from pin VR. When ES51916 operate in the current measurement modes for Clampmeter, It takes high input from pin ADP, low input from pin SGND and reference voltage from pins VA+ and VA-. The test circuits are shown in page 27-28. Mode Automatic Mode 1 Automatic Mode 2 Manual Mode 1 Range Selection µA mA A Full Scale 110.00µA / 1100.0µA 11.000mA / 110.00mA 11.000A Designed for Multimeter Multimeter Multimeter Manual Mode 2 Manual Mode 3 Manual Mode 4 Manual Mode 5 Manual Mode 6 A A A A A 1.1000A 11.000A 110.00A 1100.0A 11000A Clampmeter Clampmeter Clampmeter Clampmeter Clampmeter Note: 1. In Manual DC current measurement modes for clampmeter, ES51916 provides Zero function for offset removing. 2. In Automatic mode1 and Automatic mode2, the pin VBAR is used to control the display of “µ” and “m” sign on the LCD panel. If pin VBAR is floating or connected to DGND, the “µ” and “m” sign will be displayed. If pin VBAR is connected to V-, the “µ” and “m” sign will not be displayed. v1.2 9 11/09/06 1.4 Continuity Check Continuity check shares the same configuration with 110.00Ω manual resistance measurement mode, but with buzzer output to indicate continuity. The buzzer generates a 2KHz sound whenever the digit number is less than 30Ω. The short circuit detection is more sensitive and the response time is less than 10ms. 1.5 Diode Measurement Diode measurement mode shares the same configuration with 1.1000V manual voltage measurement mode.. The buzzer generates a 2KHz sound whenever the digit number is less than 30mV. The short circuit detection is more sensitive and the response time is less than 10ms. 1.6 Frequency counter The time base of the frequency counter is derived from an external crystal oscillator by Tcounter = 4,000,000 Fosc where Fosc is the frequency of the crystal oscillator. Thus, the counter has a 1-second time base when a 4MHz oscillator is used. The frequency counter can select the proper range automatically or manually. Auto-range operation extends over six decades, from 1111Hz to 110.00MHz. The following table summarizes the full-scale range of the frequency counter. Range FR112 FR12 FR2 FR3 FR4 FR5 FR6 Full Scale 11.1 – 111.1Hz 112 – 1111Hz 11.000KHz 110.00KHz 1.1000MHz 11.000MHz 110.00MHz NOTE: 1 In the range of FR1, if input frequency is less than 11.1Hz, ES51916 will show 0.0Hz. 2 When the reading is more than 111.1Hz, the resolution becomes 1Hz. v1.2 10 11/09/06 1.7 Temperature measurement mode Temperature measurement mode takes input signal from ADP pin and reference voltage from (VA+ - VA-). ES51916 has a built-in ℃-to-℉ scale translation circuit, and only needs an external ℃ scale application circuit. The application circuit for ℉ scale is not required. In temperature measurement mode, the default range is 1100.0 ℃ or ℉. VBAR pin is used to control the second decimal point (DP2) on the LCD panel. When VBAR is LOW, DP2 is turned on and the first decimal point (DP1) is turned off. 1.8 Auto power off and Idle Time selection ES51916 has a default auto power off function. If the meter is idle for more than the given Idle Time, the chip automatically turns the power off. The Idle Time to trigger the auto power off function is determined by pin ‘APOSEL’. If pin APOSEL is connected to V-, the Idle Time will be set to 30 minutes. If pin APOSEL is connected to DGND or floating, the Idle Time will be set to 15 minutes. When APO happens, the state of the meter is saved. The APO sign on the LCD panel indicates whether the auto power off is enabled or not. In some cases, user might want to disable Auto power off. There are two ways to disable this feature as following: 1. Power on the meter when any of the push functions, except for HOLD, is pressed down. 2. In addition, when RS232 output is active, the auto power off function is also disabled. Note: Powering on the meter while pressing HOLD and lasts 2 seconds turns on all LCD segments until HOLD is pressed again. 1.9 Sleep The meter enters sleep mode after auto power off. The SLEEP pin asserts low (-3V) in the sleep mode, and asserts high (+3V, not 0V) after re-power on. 1.10 Re-power on After auto power-off, pushing any of the push function or changing the rotary mode can turn on the meter again. If the meter is re-powered on by changing the rotary mode, the saved state is cleared. If the meter is re-powered on by push functions, the chip restores the saved state and enters HOLD mode. The LCD displays the saved value. v1.2 11 11/09/06 1 Measurement Mode Switching Measurement mode depends on the logic level of SLACDC, FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4, FC5, and KEY. When FC5 is high, the measurement mode list is below SLACDC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X FC1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FC2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 FC3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 FC4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 Mode Voltage Measurement Auto DC Current Measurement(µA) Auto DC Current Measurement(mA) 11A DC Current Measurement(A) Manual DC 1.1000A Manual DC 11.000A Manual DC 110.00A Manual DC 1100.0A Manual DC 11000A Resistance Measurement Continuity Check Resistance Measurement Frequency Measurement — Temperature Measurement Voltage Measurement Auto AC Current Measurement(µA) Auto AC Current Measurement(mA) 11A AC Current Measurement(A) Manual AC 1.1000A Manual AC 11.000A Manual AC 110.00A Manual AC 1100.0A Manual AC 11000A *ADP0 *ADP1 *ADP2 *ADP3 *ADP4 Temperature Measurement Resistance Measurement X means “don’t care”. Function of KEY DCV ↔ ACV DCA ↔ ACA DCA ↔ ACA DCA ↔ ACA DCA ↔ ACA DCA ↔ ACA DCA ↔ ACA DCA ↔ ACA DCA ↔ ACA Ω ↔ Continuity Continuity ↔ Diode Ω ↔ Continuity ↔ Diode — — ℃ ↔ ℉ ACV ↔ DCV ACµA ↔ DCµA ACmA ↔ DCmA ACA ↔ DCA ACA ↔ DCA ACA ↔ DCA ACA ↔ DCA ACA ↔ DCA ACA ↔ DCA — — — — — ℉ ↔ ℃ Ω ↔ Diode *When FC5 is high, the ADP0, ADP1, ADP2, ADP3 and ADP4 modes can display minus sign. Note1: The Manual DC/AC 1.1A, 11A, 110A, 1100A and 11000A modes are designed for clampmeter. Note2: The 11A DC And 11A AC Current Measurement modes, (FC1~4) = (0, 0, 0, 0), are designed for multimeter. v1.2 12 11/09/06 When FC5=low, KEY is disabled and the measurement mode list is below. SLACDC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X FC1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FC2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 FC3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 FC4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 Mode DC Voltage Measurement Auto DC Current Measurement(µA) Auto DC Current Measurement(mA) 11A DC Current Measurement(A) Manual DC 1.1000A Manual DC 11.000A Manual DC 110.00A Manual DC 1100.0A Manual DC 11000A Resistance Measurement Continuity Check Diode Measurement Frequency Measurement — o Temperature Measurement ( C) AC Voltage Measurement Auto AC Current Measurement(µA) Auto AC Current Measurement(mA) 11A AC Current Measurement(A) Manual AC 1.1000A Manual AC 11.000A Manual AC 110.00A Manual AC 1100.0A Manual AC 11000A *ADP0 *ADP1 *ADP2 *ADP3 *ADP4 o Temperature Measurement ( F) Resistance Measurement X means “don’t care”. *When FC5 is low, the ADP0, ADP1, ADP2, ADP3 and ADP4 modes can not display minus sign. Note1: The Manual DC1.1A/11A/110A/1100A/11000A modes are designed for clampmeter. Note2: The 11A DC Current Measurement mode, (FC1~4) = (0, 0, 0, 0), is designed for multimeter. v1.2 13 11/09/06 2 Push function All the enabled push functions will be reset when the measurement mode is changed by rotary switch. Change measurement mode by KEY function will reset enabled Range, Hold, Max/Min, REL, Zero and Peak functions. The following table lists the available function versus measurement mode. Function Mode Range Hold Max/Min REL Zero Peak VAHz Voltage O O O O X O O Current1 O O O O X O O Current2 X O O AC DC O AC Resistance O O O O X X X Frequency O O O O X X X Continuity X O O O X X X Diode X O O O X X X Temperature X O O O X X X ADP X O O O X O X Note: Current1 includes Auto µA, Auto mA and 11A modes. Current2 includes Manual 1.1A, 11A, 110A, 1100A and 11000A modes. 2.1 HOLD HOLD mode makes the meter stop updating the LCD panel. This mode can be nested in most of the special modes. Enabling HOLD function in automatic mode makes the meter switch to manual mode, but the full-scale range remains the same. HOLD function can be cancelled by changing the measurement mode, pressing RANGE, or push HOLD again. v1.2 14 11/09/06 2.2 Range RANGE pin switches to and from automatic and manual mode, and while in manual mode, changes the full-scale range. The following figure shows the state transition. Automatic Mode 1 push < 1 sec Manual Mode 1 push > 1 sec Range up 1 push < 1 sec Measurement Mode Auto V(DC/AC) VR2 – VR5 Auto µA(DC/AC) R1 – R2 Auto mA(AC/DC) R1－R2 11 A(DC/AC) fixed Ω OR1 - OR7 Continuity Diode fixed fixed Frequency FR1 – FR6 Manual VRi → VRi + 1, VR5 → VR1 R1 → R2, R2 → R1 R1 → R2 R2 → R1 fixed ORi → ORi + 1, OR7 → OR1 fixed fixed FRi → FRi + 1 FR6 → FR1 Control Range Initial Range 110.00mV – 1100.0V 1.1000V 110.00µA – 1100.0µA 110.00µA 11.000mA – 110.00mA 11.000mA 11.000A 11.000A 110.00Ω – 110.0MΩ 110.00Ω 110.00Ω 1.1000V 110.00Ω 1.1000V 1111Hz – 110.00MHz 1111Hz Note: Pushing RANGE resets all existing special modes. 2.3 KEY See Section “Measurement Mode Switching” for the function of this pin. 2.4 REL + HOLD In REL mode, the LCD panel displays DN+K - DN, where DN = 1, 2, 3, … , DN is the last value before REL is pushed, and DN+K is the current value. If REL is pushed again in REL mode, the meter displays the reference value. The meter returns to normal operation if REL is pressed and held for longer than one second. Pressing HOLD in REL mode makes the meter stop updating the LCD panel. v1.2 15 11/09/06 1 push < 1s Original State (Auto/Manual) 1 push > 1s 1 push < 1s 〝REL〞active. The relative value 1 push > 1s 〝REL〞blink. The DN value push HOLD push HOLD 〝REL〞and〝H〞active. Hold the relative value 〝REL〞and〝H〞blink. 1 push < 1s The DN value Note: It’s possible that the relative value exceeds 11,000 or –11,000 counts, but never exceeds 19,999 or –19,999 counts. Such relative values are displayed. The LCD shows OL in REL mode only if DN or DN+K is more than 10,999 counts or the relative value is more than 19,999. 2.5 Max/Min + HOLD The meter displays the maximum or minimum value of the input in Max/Min mode. When Max/Min is pressed for the first time, the meter displays the maximum value. When Max/Min is pressed again, the meter displays the minimum value. When Max/Min is pressed for the third time, the meter displays current value. The meter returns to normal operation if Max/Min is pressed and held for longer than one second. Pressing HOLD in Max/Min mode makes the meter stop updating the maximum or the minimum value. 1 push<1s Original state (Automatic/manual) 1 push>1s 1 push>1 sec 1 push>1 sec “MAX” active 1push<1s “MIN” active 1push<1s “Max” “MIN” blink min value current value max value Push HOLD 1push<1s Push HOLD Push HOLD “MAX”“MIN” “H” blink “MIN” “H” active “MAX” “H” active hold max value. 1push<1s hold min value. 1push<1s hold current value. 1push<1s v1.2 16 11/09/06 2.6 Relative + Max/Min + HOLD Max/Min mode can be nested in REL mode. The meter displays the maximum or minimum value relative to the reference when Max/Min is pressed in REL mode. Pressing HOLD under REL + Max/Min makes the meter stop updating the LCD panel. Original State (Auto/Manual) 1 push < 1s 1 push >1s 〝REL〞active. 〝REL〞blink. The relative value The DN value 1 push < 1s push Max/Min push Max/Min > 1s 〝REL〞and〝Max〞active. 〝REL〞and〝Min〞active. 〝REL〞〝Max〞〝Min〞 Maximum relative value Minimum relative value blink. The DN value 1 push < 1s 1 push < 1s push HOLD push HOLD 〝REL〞,〝Max〞, 〝H〞active. Hold max. rel. value 〝REL〞,〝Min〞, 1 push < 1s 〝H〞active. Hold min. rel. value push HOLD 〝REL〞,〝Max〞, 1 push < 1s 〝Min〞,〝H〞blink. The DN value 1 push < 1s 2.7 Zero : In manual DC 1.1000A, 11.000A, 110.00A, 1100.0A and 11000A measurement modes, the REL_ZERO pin changes to control Zero function instead of relative function. In Zero mode, the LCD panel displays DN+K - DN, where DN = 1, 2, 3, … , DN is the last conversion value before Zero is pushed, and DN+K is the current conversion value. If Zero is pushed again in Zero mode, the meter will refresh the DN value and displays the DN+K - DN again. The meter returns to normal operation if Zero is pressed and held for longer than one second. Pressing HOLD in Zero mode makes the meter stop updating the LCD panel. In Zero mode, LCD will not show any symbol to remind users of Zero mode is active. State diagram for Zero mode: v1.2 17 11/09/06 Original State Press Zero Press Zero > 1s ‘Zero’ Active Press Zero < 1s Show DN+K - DN State diagram for Zero + HOLD mode: Original State Press Zero Press Zero > 1s ‘Zero’ Active Press Zero < 1s Show DN+K - DN Press Hold ‘Zero’ ‘Hold’ Active Stop LCD upgrading State diagram for Zero + Max/Min + HOLD mode: Original State Press Zero Press Zero > 1s ‘Zero’ Active Press Zero < 1s Show DN+K - DN Press Max/Min Press Max/Min > 1s ‘Zero’ ‘Max’ Active ‘Zero’ ‘Min’ Active Show Max. DN+K - DN Show Min. DN+K - DN Vl Vl Press Max/Min < 1s Press HOLD Press HOLD ‘Zero’ ‘Max’ ‘Hold’ Active Hold Max. DN+K - DN Value ‘Zero’ ‘Min’ ‘Hold’ Active Hold Min. DN+K - DN Value Press Max/Min < 1s v1.2 18 11/09/06 2.8 Peak + HOLD Peak mode takes input from Pmax or Pmin pin. The peak values are stored in external capacitors. Polyster mylar capacitors are recommended. The precision of Peak mode measurement can be enhanced by calibration. Calibration for Peak mode is invoked by pressing Peak bottom for more than 2 seconds. Entering Peak mode will automatically execute peak calibration, if peak calibration was never done before. The Calibration process measures and stores the offset voltage of internal operation amplifiers. High precision is achieved by substracting this offset from reading. When power off the ES51916 or switch the measurement mode to temperature mode, the calibrated offset value will be cleared. ES51916 will automatically execute peak calibration, if peak mode was activated again after the calibrated offset value was cleared. CALIBRATION Done No CALIBRATION 1 push > 2 s 1 push > 2 s End Original State (Auto/Manual) 1 push > 1 s 1 push < 1 s Already calibrated Yes 〝Pmax〞active. Max. Peak Value 1 push < 1 s 〝Pmin〞active. Min. Peak Value push HOLD push HOLD 〝Pmax〞 〝HOLD〞 , active. 〝Pmin〞 〝HOLD〞 , active. 1 push < 1 s Max. Peak Value Min. Peak Value 3 Serial Data Output The RS232 function will be activated if the RS232 pin is pulled to and asserts at V-. The serial data sent to SDO pin once every A/D conversion cycle. The data format complies with JIS 7Bits transmission code with a baud rate of 19230. The host can use RS232 interface to read the data. A single data packet includes a start bit (always 0), 7 data bits, an odd parity check bit, and a stop bit (always 1). The high and low voltage levels correspond to DGND and V- respectively. SDO remains at 1 (high) when it is v1.2 19 11/09/06 inactive. Hence the start bit (0) could be used as the triggering signal to begin the reading process. The following figure shows the data format of a single packet. The LSB is sent first and the MSB is sent last. single package 0V -3V 0 D0 ~D6 LSB p 1 P MSB One data block consists of 11 packets, or 110 bits. The following figure shows the format of a data block. The range packet indicates the full scale range of the meter. Digit 3 through digit 0 are just the digits on the LCD panel. The function packet indicates the measurement mode of the meter. Status, option 1 and option 2 give the status of the meter. CR and LF are delimiters used to separate the blocks. all package p 1 0 0 range p 1 0 digit3 p 1 0 0 digit1 digit0 p 1 0 p 1 0 CR p 1 function p 1 option2 option1 status 0 digit2 p 1 0 p 1 0 0 p 1 p 1 LF The meter always outputs the current input value to the serial port in spite of HOLD mode. Each block is repeated twice in one conversion cycle. The detailed data format of each packet is listed below. v1.2 20 11/09/06 3.1 FUNCTUON This packet indicates the measurement mode of the meter. The following table summarizes the transmitted code for each mode. Note that the encoding of this packet is different from the encoding of FC1-FC5 switch. Code 0111011 0111101 0111111 0110000 0111001 0110011 0110101 0110001 0110010 0110100 0111110 Measurement Mode Voltage Auto µA Current Auto mA Current 11 A current Manual A Current Ω Continuity Diode Frequency *Temperature ADP *The judge bit in the Status packet determines whether the unit is Celsius or Fahrenheit. 3.2 RANGE This packet indicates the full-scale range of the meter. When the meter operates in continuity mode or diode mode, this packet is always 0110000 since the full-scale ranges in these modes are fixed. The following table lists the code for each range in each measurement mode. Code V Auto mA Auto µA 11 A 0110000 1.1000V 11.000mA 110.00µA 0110001 11.000V 110.00mA 1100.0µA 11.000 A 0110010 110.00V 0110011 1100.0V 0110100 110.00mV 0110101 0110110 0110111 v1.2 21 Manual A 1.1000A 11.000A 110.00A 1100.0A 11000A ADP ADP4 ADP3 ADP2 ADP1 ADP0 Ω 110.00Ω 1.1000KΩ 11.000KΩ 110.00KΩ 1.1000MΩ 11.000MΩ 110.0MΩ Frequency 1111Hz 11.000KHz 110.00KHz 1.1000MHz 11.000MHz 110.00MHz 11/09/06 3.3 DIGIT 3 – DIGIT 0 Digit 3 is the second significant digit on the LCD panel, and digit 0 is the least significant digit. Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Code 0110000 0110001 0110010 0110011 0110100 0110101 0110110 0110111 0111000 0111001 Note: 1. The RS232 code of digit4 is in the packet OPTION1 2. Because the cycle time of measurement for continuity/diode mode is only 50ms, the least significant digit may not be accurate 3.4 STATUS The format of this package shown below. The Judge field is meaningful only when the Function packet indicates Temperature mode. In Temperature mode, judge is 1 if the unit is °F and is 0 of the unit is °C. Sign field indicates whether the minus sign on the LCD panel is on or off. BATT field is one when battery low condition is true. OL indicates input overflow. 0 BIT6 1 BIT 5 1 BIT 4 Judge BIT 3 Sign BIT 2 BATT BIT1 OL BIT 0 1 BIT 5 1 BIT 4 UL BIT 3 PMAX BIT 2 PMIN BIT1 Digit4 BIT 0 3.5 OPTION 1 0 BIT 6 UL field will be 1, only when input frequency is less than 11.1Hz in FR1 range of frequency mode. If PMAX field is 1, PMAX is active and LCD panel display maximum peak value. If PMIN field is 1, PMIN is active and LCD panel display minimum peak value. The digit4 field will be 1, when the MSD on the LCD is one. v1.2 22 11/09/06 3.6 OPTION 2 This packet contains information on the operation mode of the meter. The format is shown below. The DC field indicates that the meter operates in DC measurement mode, either voltage or current. The AC field indicates that the meter operates in AC measurement mode, either voltage or current. The AUTO field is set to one if the meter operates in automatic mode, and is set to zero when the meter operates in manual mode. 0 BIT 6 1 BIT 5 1 BIT 4 DC BIT 3 AC BIT 2 AUTO BIT 1 VAHZ BIT 0 3.7 CR Carrage return. The transmitted code is 0001101. 3.8 LF Line feed. The transmitted code is 0001010. 4 Miscellaneous The conditions on which the meter turns on the buzzer include: (1) Changing measurement mode generates one beep. (2) Pressing any of the push functions generates one beep, if the function is valid. (3) Power on and re-power on generate one beep. (4) Input overflow in voltage and current mode generates one beep every 0.3 seconds (or 3.33 beeps per second.) (5) Continuity(diode) check generates a continuous 2KHz beep whenever the measurement is less then 30Ω(30mV) (6) Auto power off generates a 2KHz beep which lasts for 1.5 seconds. The following figures show the output waveform from the BUZOUT pin. 0.5 mS (a) Continuous 2KHz beep v1.2 23 11/09/06 0.15 sec 0.3 sec (b) 3.33 beep/sec 4.1 LCD Panel S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6S7 S12 S17 S8 S9S10 S11 S15 BATT AUTO MANU HOLD BP1 S13 S16 S14 REL MAX MIN PMAX PMIN APO DC ℉ BP2 AC BP3 BP4 RS232 ℃ µ2 m2 V A M K Ω Hz SEG01 SEG02 SEG03 SEG04 SEG05 SEG06 SEG07 SEG08 SEG09 BP1 APO BATT AUTO BP2 - DC F4 BP3 AC BC5 BP4 RS232 MANU A3 B3 HOLD A2 A4 B4 F3 G3 F2 B2 E4 G4 C4 E3 C3 E2 G2 DP4 D4 DP3 D3 DP2 D2 C2 SEG10 SEG11 SEG12 SEG13 SEG14 SEG15 SEG16 SEG17 BP1 µ2 BP2 F1 A1 B1 m2 V BP3 E1 G1 C1 K A BP4 DP1 D1 M Ω Hz ℉ REL PMAX ℃ MAX PMIN MIN Note: The MSD on LCD panel will not shows Zero v1.2 24 11/09/06 LCD Backplane Waveform V- +3.2 V- +3.1 VV- V- +3.2 V- +3.1 VV- V- +3.2 V- +3.1 VV- V- +3.2 V- +3.1 VV- V- +3.2 V- +3.1 V- 4.2 LCD display on condition LCD Annunciator V A Ω Hz DC AC AUTO MANU HOLD REL MAX / MIN PMAX / PMIN m2 µ2 M K ℃ ℉ APO RS232 v1.2 Condition In voltage measurement mode, and diode measurement mode. In current measurement mode. In resistance measurement mode, and continuity mode. In continuity check mode. In diode mode. In frequency mode. In DC voltage or DC current mode. In AC voltage or AC current mode. When automatic full scale range selection is enabled. In manual mode. When HOLD function is enabled. When Relative function is enabled. When Maximum or Minimum function is enabled. When PMAX or PMIN function is enabled. In voltage or current measurement mode and the full scale range is in the order of 10-3. In current measurement mode and the full scale range id in the order of µA. In resistance measurement mode and the full scale range is in the order of MΩ In resistance measurement mode and the full scale range is in the order of KΩ In temperature measurement mode and when the unit is ℃ In temperature measurement mode and when the unit is ℉ When auto power off function is enabled. When RS232 output is enabled. 25 11/09/06 4.3 Operating Timing ES51916 incorporates a dual slope ADC with four phases: ZI, AZ, INT and DINT. The timing of each phase are listed below. *Voltage /Current /ohm /ADP measurement: Phase ZI AZ INT DINT Time 20ms 20ms 100ms 110ms P.S. In the DC voltage and ohm measurement with auto mode, if the range is changed, the internal clock rate will increase five times and the new measurement cycle becomes 1/5 times of the original cycle until the range is stable. *Continuity/diode measurement Phase ZI AZ INT DINT Time 4ms 4ms 20ms 22ms *Frequency measurement In range FR1, the measurement cycle = 0.5 sec In range FR2~FR6, the measurement cycle = 1.05 sec P.S. In the frequency measurement with auto mode, if the range is changed, the internal clock rate will increase ten times and the new measurement cycle becomes 1/10 times of the original cycle until the range is stable. v1.2 26 11/09/06 5 Test Circuit 1. Voltage test 4. Current test AGND OVSG 99.5 1K 10K 101K 1.111M D2 D1 1.0u 4.7u 1.0u OR1 VR5 VR4 VR3 VR2 ADO 88M 7.5K 6.2K mA 9 A uA V R 1 2K V R mA 90 mA AGND SGND 10A 0.99 ADI ACVL ACVH TEST5 0.1u 7.5K 0.01 100K uA uA IVSH 100K IVSL 900 5. Diode test 10M AGND -100mV Voltage input Z1 6V Z2 2. Resistor test OVH 100 PTC 1.5K VR1 10M OVX VR2 1.111M PTC 1.5K OVSG 6. Low battery OVH OVSG 100 Z1 6V Z2 99.5 1K 10K 101K 1.111M OR1 VR5 VR4 VR3 VR2 9V BA 680K TT SGND AGND 270K LBAT9 0.1u AGND V- 0V 3. Current test for clamp meter 8. Frequency test 7. ADP test F R E Q VA+ -100mV RL VR 100K R + Vref - v1.2 ADP SGND AGND VA- ADPin+ ADPin- ADP 100K SGND AGND VA+ 200 2.2u PTC 1.5K Fin VA- 27 11/09/06 7. Application Circuit 5.6V ZI 7.5V ZI + μA/mA mA 0.1μ V+ V+ CREF+ D2 4.7μ 10K + VBAR (35) VR1 SGND ADP VAVA+ 1μ VR (30) 100K 10M ADP V- (50) SEG17 NC 22n OHMC3 470n OHMC2 RS232 200 2.2μ (45) FREQ 47n SLEEP OHMC1 NC NC (40) NC NC 10n PMAX 10n PMIN 91K ADOHZ OPO (25) OPIN+ OPINPWD VRH 5.6V ZI LCD display (80) RANGE HOLD REL_ZERO PEAK VAHZ (75) MAX/MIN BKOUT BUZOUT BUZIN ANNUNC (70) BP1 BP2 BP3 BP4 SEG01 (65) SEG02 SEG03 SEG04 SEG05 SEG06 (60) SEG07 SEG08 SEG09 SEG10 SEG11 (55) SEG12 SEG13 SEG14 SEG15 SEG16 ES51916 100n 470n 90k 30k 100K 100K 100K 4M ... CREFCINT (5) CAZ mA 9 BUFF RAZ 10A 0.99 10A IVSH IVSL (10) 0.01 SGND OVX 100 OVH 220p OVSG Ω 1.5K OR1 PTC 99.5 VR5 (15) 1K 10K VR4 V/Ω VR3 101K VR2 1.111M 6K TEST5 ACVL (20) 2K ACVH 0.1μ ADI 7.5K 1μ 1μ + ADO 7.5K + 88M D1 0.47μ OSC1 OSC2 APOSEL OLSEL BKLIT (85) KEY SLACDC FC5 FC4 FC3 (90) FC2 FC1 LBAT9 SDO C+ (95) μA 900 mA 90 10μ 0.1μ CV- μA + 10μ 0.1μ DGND AGND AGND (100) μA V- 3V V- 1.5K PTC Hz Notes: 1. Most of pins are protected by the ESD protection circuits. However pins, V+, V-, AGND, DGND and VR1 are not protected enough because the parasitic effect must be decrease. Therefore enough external protection is needed for assembling, carrying and keeping. In addition, components connecting to these unprotected pins have to be soldered on board before the IC is soldered. 2. Light shielding for the diodes and Zeners. 3. Zener diodes in above circuit are used for IC protection, so MUST be soldered on PCB first. v1.2 28 11/09/06 8. Package 1 100 Pin QFP Package Title: topview.eps Creator: fig2dev Version 3.2 Patchlevel 1 預覽: 此EPS圖片尚未將其 縮圖資料一併儲存。 註解: 此EPS圖片將列印至一 PostScript印表機， 而非 其他類型的印表機。 Title: sideview.eps Creator: fig2dev Version 3.2 Patchlevel 1 預覽: 此EPS圖片尚未將其 縮圖資料一併儲存。 註解: 此EPS圖片將列印至一 PostScript印表機， 而非 其他類型的印表機。 2 Dimension Paramenters Symbol W L A B C d a D θ v1.2 Min. Milimeter Typ. Max. Min. 19.90 20.00 20.10 783.5 13.90 14.00 14.10 547.2 0.425 0.20 0.30 0.40 7.9 0.65 1.05 1.20 1.35 41.3 2.57 2.72 2.87 101.2 2.50 o 0 10o 29 Mill Typ. 787.4 551.2 16.7 11.8 25.6 47.2 107.1 98.4 Max. 791.3 551.2 11.8 47.2 107.1 11/09/06