SKY73212_11_201390E.pdf

DATA SHEET
SKY73212-11: 1700-2000 MHz Diversity Downconversion
Mixer with Integrated Integer-N PLL and VCO
Applications
Description
• Cellular base station systems: GSM/EDGE, CDMA2000, WCDMA,
TD-SCDMA
Skyworks SKY73212-11 is a fully integrated diversity
downconverter that includes a high linearity mixer, large dynamic
range Intermediate Frequency (IF) amplifier, and a complete
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), synthesizer, and Local
Oscillator (LO) chain. Low loss RF baluns have also been included
to reduce design complications and to lower system cost.
• Other wireless communication systems
Features
• RF frequency range: 1700 to 2000 MHz
• IF frequency range: 40 to 300 MHz
• Conversion gain: 9 dB
• IIP3: +24 dBm; OIP3: +33 dBm
• Noise Figure: 11 dB
• Integrated RF balun
• High linearity IF amplifier
• Integer-N frequency synthesizer
• Low phase-noise VCO
• Low RF output comparison spurs
• Programmable 18-bit N-counter and 11-bit R-counter
• Wide range of reference frequencies
• Programmable charge pump currents
• Flexible configuration that allows connection to an external VCO
or PLL
The SKY73212-11 features a 3rd Order Input Intercept Point (IIP3)
of +24 dBm and a Noise Figure (NF) of 11 dB, which make the
device an ideal solution for high dynamic range systems such as
2G/3G base station receivers.
The SKY73212-11 also includes a fully integrated wideband
VCO/Integer-N frequency synthesizer. By applying internal VCO
division, the output LO frequency can be set to the desired value
while minimizing the phase noise.
The SKY73212-11 is controlled by a Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI) and is manufactured using a robust silicon BiCMOS process.
The device has been designed for optimum long-term reliability. It
is manufactured in a compact, 44-pin 10 x 6 mm Multi-Chip
Module (MCM). A functional block diagram is shown in Figure 1.
The pin configuration and package are shown in Figure 2. Signal
pin assignments and functional pin descriptions are provided in
Table 1.
• Digital lock detector
• Optional adjustment of the core, divider, and charge pump
currents by external resistor
• Power supply for mixer: 5 V; power supply for synthesizer: 3.3 V
• Small, low-cost MCM (44-pin, 10 x 6 mm) SMT package (MSL3,
260 °C per JEDEC J-STD-020)
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 1. SKY73212-11 Block Diagram
Figure 2. SKY73212-11 Pinout – 44-Pin MCM
(Top View)
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Table 1. SKY73212-11 Signal Descriptions
Pin #
Name
Description
1
RF_INA
RF input, channel A
2
N/C
No connection
3
GND
Ground
4
GND
Ground
5
VDD_LO
6
GND
7
8
Pin #
23
Name
Description
LE
Latch enable input for the SPI
24
DATA
Data input for the SPI
25
CLK
Clock input for the SPI
26
N/C
No connection
LO DC supply, +5 V
27
N/C
No connection
Ground
28
N/C
No connection
GND
Ground
29
N/C
No connection
N/C
No connection
30
VDD_VCO
VCO supply, +3.3 V
9
RF_INB
RF input, channel B
31
VCO_RES
External resistor to set VCO bias
10
VDD_MIXB
Channel B mixer DC supply, +5 V
32
GND
Ground
11
GND
Ground
33
LO_TEST_OUT
LO test port
12
IF_OUTBP
Positive IF output, channel B
34
GND
Ground
13
IF_OUTBN
Negative IF output, channel B
35
VDD_OBUF
Dividers and LO buffer supply, +3.3 V
14
PWRDN_B
Mixer power down, channel B
36
GND
Ground
15
GND
Ground
37
N/C
No connection
16
VCTRL
VCO tuning voltage
38
N/C
No connection
17
VDD_PLL
PLL supply, +3.3 V
39
GND
Ground
18
CP_OUT
Charge pump output
40
PWRDN_A
Mixer power down, channel A
19
LD_OUT
Lock detect output
41
IF_OUTAN
Negative IF output, channel A
20
VDD_DIG
Supply for digital blocks, +3.3 V
42
IF_OUTAP
Positive IF output, channel A
21
VDD_CLK
Reference buffer supply, +3.3 V
43
GND
Ground
22
REF_CLK
Reference clock input
44
VDD_MIXA
Channel A mixer DC supply, +5 V
Functional Description
LO Buffers
The SKY73212-11 is comprised of three main functional blocks:
The LO section is optimized for low-side LO injection. The LO can
be driven over a wide frequency range with only slight
degradation in performance.
• RF balun and passive mixer
• IF amplifier
• Synthesizer
IF Amplifier
• VCO
The SKY73212-11 includes high dynamic range IF amplifiers that
follow the passive mixers in the signal path. The outputs require a
supply voltage connection using inductive chokes. These choke
inductors should be high-Q and have the ability to handle 200 mA
or greater. A simple matching network allows the output ports to
be matched to a balanced 200 Ω impedance.
• VCO dividers and LO chain
RF Balun and Passive Mixer
The RF baluns provide a single ended input, which can easily be
matched to 50 Ω using a simple external matching circuit. The RF
baluns offer very low loss, and excellent amplitude and phase
balance.
The high linearity SKY73212-11 integrates a passive, double
balanced mixer that provides a very low conversion loss, and an
excellent 3rd Order Input Insertion Point (IIP3).
Additionally, the balanced nature of the mixer provides for high
port-to-port isolation.
The IF amplifiers are optimized for IF frequencies between 40 and
300 MHz. The IF amplifiers can be operated outside of this range,
but with a slight degradation in performance.
Mixer Power Down
A power-down function for each IF amplifier and corresponding LO
buffer is available in the SKY73212-11. The power-down function
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
is controlled through the PWRDN_A and PWRDN_B signals (pins
40 and 14, respectively):
PWRDN_A and PWRDN_B Input
Enable/Disable
High
Channels A/B disabled
Low
Channels A/B enabled
Synthesizer
The frequency synthesizer is composed of the R-divider, Ndivider, phase detector, charge pump, and lock detector.
R-Divider
The 11-bit programmable R-divider divides the reference input
frequency and generates the reference input for the phase
detector. The R-divider range varies from 1 to 211 – 1(2047).
Charge Pump
The charge pump is used to convert the logic levels of the Up and
Dn pulses, carrying the phase error between the reference and the
divided signal into analog quantities/current pulses.
The output of the SKY73212-11 charge pump is programmable
and varies between 1.2 mA and 7.2 mA. Additional adjustment of
the charge pump current can be accomplished by changing the
value of the external PLL bias resistor.
Lock Detector
The lock detector circuit is activated when the phase difference
between the Up and Dn phase detector signals for a given number
of comparison cycles is shorter than a fixed delay. The CMOS
output is active high when the loop is locked. The lock detector
can be monitored from pin 19 (LD_OUT).
N-Divider
The N-divider consists of a selectable 16/17 or 32/33 prescaler,
13-bit main counter, and 5-bit swallow counter. The 18 bit Ndivider ratio is calculated as:
VCO
The VCO is designed to generate the LO signal with the tuning
function controlled by the synthesizer.
N=P×M–S
VCO Dividers and LO Chain
Where: P = Prescaler value
M = Main counter value
S = Swallow counter value
The N-divider range is from P2 to 218 – 1. For a 32/33 prescaler,
the N-divider range varies from 1024 to 262143.
The divider chain consists of dividers and LO drivers. The LO
section is optimized for low-side LO injection at an RF frequency
of 1700 to 2000 MHz.
Digital Interface
Phase Detector
The phase detector is an edge-controlled digital circuit. The circuit
has two inputs: the reference signal (Ref) and the N-divider output.
There are two digital outputs (Up and Dn) that drive the charge
pump.
When the input phase difference is positive, the Up output is
pulled up to VDD. When the input phase difference is negative, the
Dn output is pulled down to ground. This type of phase detector
acts only on the positive edges of the input signals.
A three-wire SPI provides mode and bias control, and control of
the PLL. The serial interface consists of three signals: the bus
clock (CLK), latch enable (LE), and the serial data line (DATA).
A write data stream consists of 25 bits:
Bits[15:0] provide the 16-bit data block.
Bits[20:16] provide the register address.
Bits[24:21] provide the device address (the SKY73212-11 is
0110b).
A timing diagram for the SPI write cycle is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. SPI Write Cycles
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Serial Bus Timing
The SPI bus speed is programmable. Timing requirements for the
CLK, DATA, and LE signals are provided in Table 2. A serial data
input timing diagram is shown in Figure 4.
PLL Control Registers (R-Divider and N-Divider)
There are three digital PLL control registers that are used to store
the R-divider and N-divider values: R_DIV, N_DIV1, and N_DIV2.
By default, all registers are 25 bits wide. Bits[20:16] are the
address bits of the registers. The 16 least significant bits (LSBs)
represent the data bits.
Three values are needed to calculate the three PLL dividers: the
desired frequency (FRF), the VCO divider (D), and the frequency
step size (FSTEP).
The VCO frequency (FVCO) has a range of 2.7 GHz to 4.0 GHz, and
is defined by the product of the desired frequency (FRF) and the
VCO divider, D:
FVCO = FRF × D
(1)
The VCO divider (equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8) is chosen so that the
product of FRF × D is within the specified VCO range.
Table 2. SPI Timing Requirements
Timing
tperiod
Description
Minimum Time
(ns)
Clock period
25
thigh
Clock high time
10
tsu
Data setup to clock rise
5
thld
Data hold from clock rise
5
telch
Enable low to clock rise
10
twidth
Enable high width
10
tefeh
Clock fall to enable high
20
Figure 4. SPI Input Timing Diagram
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
The frequency step size (FSTEP) is a user-defined value. Given FSTEP
and D, the comparison frequency (FCOMP) can be calculated by:
FCOMP = FSTEP × D
(2)
The R_DIV register stores the value of the 16-bit R-divider that
produces the desired comparison frequency (FCOMP) for the RF PLL
according to the following equation:
F
R = REF
FCOMP
(3)
The N_DIV1 and N_DIV2 registers store the value of the N-divider
according to the following equation:
FVCO
×R
FREF
A desired RF output frequency of 1800 MHz is required using a
reference frequency of 76.8 MHz and a desired frequency step
size of 400 kHz. If the VCO divider is equal to 2, the VCO
frequency is 3600 MHz from Equation 1 and the comparison
frequency is equal to 800 kHz from Equation 2.
From Equations 3 and 4, the R and N values become:
R = 96 = 1100000b
N = 4500 = 1000110010100b
Where FREF is the reference frequency provided to the device.
N=
Example:
(4)
Bits[1:0] of the N_DIV2 register are the most significant bits
(MSBs) of the 18-bit representation of the N number.
Bits[15:0] of the N_DIV1 register are the LSBs of the 18-bit binary
representation of the N number.
These values would be programmed through the SPI interface.
Figure 5 represents the bits of the R_DIV register with the value of
R = 96. Figures 6 and 7 represent the bits of the N_DIV1 and
N_DIV2 registers, respectively, with the value of N = 4500.
Electrical and Mechanical Specifications
The absolute maximum ratings of the SKY73212-11 are provided
in Table 3. The recommended operating conditions are specified
in Table 4 and electrical specifications are provided in Table 5.
The calculated R-divider and N-divider values are programmed
into the SKY73212-11 using the SPI interface.
Figure 5. R_DIV Register Showing an R-Divider Value of 96
Figure 6. N_DIV1 Register Showing an N-Divider Value of 4500 (LSBs)
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 7. N_DIV2 Register Showing an N-Divider Value of 4500 (MSBs)
Table 3. SKY73212-11 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
Mixer supply voltage (VDD_MIXA,
VDD_MIXB, VDD_LO pins)
VDD_5V
Synthesizer supply voltage (VDD_VCO,
VDD_OBUF, VDD_PLL, VDD_CLK, and
VDD_DIG pins)
VDD_3.3V
Supply current:
Mixer supply
Synthesizer supply
IDD_5V
IDD_3.3V
RF input power
PIN
Operating case temperature
TC
Junction temperature
TJ
Storage case temperature
TSTG
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
3.3
3.6
V
440
150
mA
mA
–40
–40
+20
dBm
+85
°C
+150
°C
+125
°C
Notes: Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may reduce device reliability. There is no damage to device with only one parameter set at the limit and all other
parameters set at or below their nominal value. Exceeding any of the limits listed here may result in permanent damage to the device.
CAUTION: Although this device is designed to be as robust as possible, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can damage this device. This device
must be protected at all times from ESD. Static charges may easily produce potentials of several kilovolts on the human body
or equipment, which can discharge without detection. Industry-standard ESD precautions should be used at all times.
Table 4. SKY73212-11 Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
Mixer supply voltage (VDD_MIXA,
VDD_MIXB, VDD_LO pins)
VDD_5V
4.75
5.00
5.25
V
Synthesizer supply voltage (VDD_VCO,
VDD_OBUF, VDD_PLL, VDD_CLK, and
VDD_DIG pins)
VDD_3.3V
3.0
3.3
3.6
V
RF frequency range
fRF
1700
2000
MHz
IF frequency range
fIF
40
300
MHz
Supply current:
Mixer supply
Synthesizer supply
IDD_5V
IDD_3.3V
400
140
mA
mA
Operating case temperature
TC
–40
+85
°C
SPI logic levels (CLK, DATA, LE):
Low
High
VIL
VIH
0.2 x VDD_3.3V
0.8 x VDD_3.3V
V
V
360
125
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Table 5. SKY73212-11 Electrical Specifications (1 of 2) (Note 1)
(VDD_5V = +5 V, VDD_3.3V = +3.3 V, TC = +25 °C, RF Frequency = 1950 MHz, IF Frequency = 150 MHz, LO Frequency = 1800 MHz, Unless
Otherwise Noted)
Parameter
Symbol
Test Condition
Min
Typical
Max
Units
7.5
8.5
dB
±0.7
dB
Mixer
Conversion gain
G
TC = –40 to +85 °C
Gain variation over temperature
Noise Figure
NF
11
fRF = 1920 to 1980 MHz,
VDD_5V = 4.75 to 5.25 V,
VDD_3.3V = 3.0 to 3.6 V
TC = –40 to +85 °C
Noise Figure variation over temperature
3rd order input intercept point
fRF = 1920 to 1980 MHz,
VDD_5V = 4.75 to 5.25 V,
VDD_3.3V = 3.0 to 3.6 V
IIP3
fRF = 1920 to 1980 MHz,
PIN = –10 dBm, 800 kHz
tone spacing,
VDD_5V = 4.75 to 5.25 V,
VDD_3.3V = 3.0 to 3.6 V
Third order output intercept point
OIP3
fRF = 1920 to 1980 MHz,
PIN = –10 dBm, 800 kHz
tone spacing,
VDD_5V = 4.75 to 5.25 V,
VDD_3.3V = 3.0 to 3.6 V
2RF – 2LO
2x2
PIN = –10 dBm
±1.0
dB
+24.0
dBm
±1.0
dB
+29.5
+33.0
dBm
–65
–50
–75
–67
dBc
3RF – 3LO
3x3
PIN = –10 dBm
1 dB Input Compression Point
IP1dB
fRF = 1920 to 1980 MHz,
VDD_5V = 4.75 to 5.25 V,
VDD_3.3V = 3.0 to 3.6 V
+10
+13
dBm
1 dB Output Compression Point
OP1dB
fRF = 1920 to 1980 MHz,
VDD_5V = 4.75 to 5.25 V,
VDD_3.3V = 3.0 to 3.6 V
+19.0
+20.5
dBm
dBc
Channel-to-channel isolation
50
dB
RF-to-IF isolation
30
dB
LO leakage
@ RF port
@ IF port
Input return loss:
RF port
IF port
ZIN_RF
ZIN_IF
With external matching
components
–12
–12
–27
–45
dBm
dBm
–7
–7
dB
dB
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dB
+21.5
TC = –40 to +85 °C
IIP3 variation over temperature
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Table 5. SKY73212-11 Electrical Specifications (2 of 2) (Note 1)
(VDD_5V = +5 V, VDD_3.3V = +3.3 V, TC = +25 °C, RF Frequency = 1950 MHz, IF Frequency = 150 MHz, LO Frequency = 1800 MHz, Unless
Otherwise Noted)
Parameter
Symbol
Test Condition
Min
Typical
Max
Units
10.0
153.6
200.0
0.2
1.5
1.2
4.8
7.2
mA
–70
–66
dBc
1
ms
–100
–133
–150
–83
–128
–145
dBc/Hz
dBc/Hz
dBc/Hz
0.9
1.1
deg
Synthesizer
Reference input frequency
fREF
Reference input sensitivity
Charge pump current
ICP
Comparison spurs
Locking time
20 kHz bandwidth, 1 ppm
frequency error
Phase noise
@ 100 kHz
@ 1 MHz
@ 10 MHz
RMS phase error
MHz
Vp-p
Note 1: Performance is guaranteed only under the conditions listed in this Table.
Evaluation Board Description
Package Dimensions
The SKY73212-11 Evaluation Board is used to test the
performance of the SKY73212-11 mixer. An Evaluation Board
schematic diagram is provided in Figure 8. An assembly drawing
for the Evaluation Board is shown in Figure 9 and the layer detail
is provided in Figure 10.
The PCB layout footprint for the SKY73212-11 is provided in
Figure 11. Figure 12 shows the package dimensions for the
48-pin MCM and Figure 13 provides the tape and reel dimensions.
Circuit Design Configurations
Since the device package is sensitive to moisture absorption, it is
baked and vacuum packed before shipping. Instructions on the
shipping container label regarding exposure to moisture after the
container seal is broken must be followed. Otherwise, problems
related to moisture absorption may occur when the part is
subjected to high temperature during solder assembly.
The following design considerations are general in nature and
must be followed regardless of final use or configuration:
1. Paths to ground should be made as short as possible.
2. The ground pad of the SKY73212-11 has special electrical and
thermal grounding requirements. This pad is the main thermal
conduit for heat dissipation. Since the circuit board acts as the
heat sink, it must shunt as much heat as possible from the
device. Therefore, design the connection to the ground pad to
dissipate the maximum wattage produced by the circuit board.
3. Skyworks recommends including external bypass capacitors
on the VDD voltage inputs of the device.
Package and Handling Information
THE SKY73212-11 is rated to Moisture Sensitivity Level 3 (MSL3)
at 260 °C. It can be used for lead or lead-free soldering. For
additional information, refer to the Skyworks Application Note,
PCB Design & SMT Assembly/Rework Guidelines for MCM-L
Packages, document number 101752.
Care must be taken when attaching this product, whether it is
done manually or in a production solder reflow environment.
Production quantities of this product are shipped in a standard
tape and reel format.
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 8. SKY73212-11 Evaluation Board Schematic
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 9. SKY73212-11 Evaluation Board Assembly Drawing
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 10. SKY73212-11 Evaluation Board Layer Detail
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 11. SKY73212-11 PCB Layout Footprint
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 12. SKY73212-11 44-Pin MCM Package Dimensions
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Figure 13. SKY73212-11 Tape and Reel Dimensions
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DATA SHEET • SKY73212-11 MIXER WITH PLL AND VCO
Ordering Information
Model Name
SKY73212-11 1700-2000 MHz Diversity
Downconversion Mixer with PLL and VCO
Manufacturing Part Number
SKY73212-11
Evaluation Board Part Number
TW18-D855-001
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Customers are responsible for their products and applications using Skyworks products, which may deviate from published specifications as a result of design defects, errors, or operation of
products outside of published parameters or design specifications. Customers should include design and operating safeguards to minimize these and other risks. Skyworks assumes no liability for
applications assistance, customer product design, or damage to any equipment resulting from the use of Skyworks products outside of stated published specifications or parameters.
Skyworks, the Skyworks symbol, and “Breakthrough Simplicity” are trademarks or registered trademarks of Skyworks Solutions, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Third-party brands
and names are for identification purposes only, and are the property of their respective owners. Additional information, including relevant terms and conditions, posted at www.skyworksinc.com,
are incorporated by reference.
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
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June 14, 2013 • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice • 201390E