CDB4340A/41A Evaluation Board for CS4340A and CS4341A Features Description Demonstrates recommended layout and grounding arrangements CS8414 Receives AES/EBU, S/PDIF, & EIAJ-340 Compatible Digital Audio Digital and Analog Patch Areas Requires only a digital signal source and power supplies for a complete Digital-toAnalog-Converter system The CDB4340A/41A evaluation board is an excellent means for quickly evaluating the CS4340A/41A family of 24-bit, stereo D/A converters. Evaluation requires an analog signal analyzer, a digital signal source, a PC for controlling the CS4341A and a power supply. Analog outputs are provided via RCA phono jacks for both channels. The CS8414 digital audio receiver I.C. provides the system timing necessary to operate the Digital-to-Analog converters and will accept AES/EBU, S/PDIF, and EIAJ340 compatible audio data. The evaluation board may also be configured to accept external timing signals for operation in a user application during system development. ORDERING INFORMATION CDB4340A, CDB4341A I/O for Clocks and Data CS8414 Digital Audio Interface Cirrus Logic, Inc. P.O. Box 17847, Austin, Texas 78760 (512) 445 7222 FAX: (512) 445 7581 http://www.cirrus.com Control Port CS4340A/41A Copyright Cirrus Logic, Inc. 2002 (All Rights Reserved) Evaluation Board Mute Circuit Analog Filter JUN ‘02 DS590DB1 1 CDB4340A/41A TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. CDB4340A/41A SYSTEM OVERVIEW .......................................................... 4 2. CDB4340A/41A ERRATA .............................................................................. 4 3. CS4340A/41A DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER .................................... 4 4. CS8414 DIGITAL AUDIO RECEIVER ............................................................ 4 5. CS8414 DATA FORMAT ................................................................................ 4 6. ANALOG OUTPUT FILTER ........................................................................... 5 7. INPUT/OUTPUT FOR CLOCKS AND DATA ................................................. 5 8. POWER SUPPLY CIRCUITRY ....................................................................... 5 9. GROUNDING AND POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING .................................. 5 10. CDB4341A CONTROL PORT SOFTWARE ................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. System Block Diagram and Signal Flow .............................................. 9 Figure 2. CS4340A/41A .................................................................................... 10 Figure 3. Analog Output Passive Filter .............................................................. 11 Figure 4. External Mute Circuit .......................................................................... 12 Figure 5. CS8414 Digital Audio Receiver Connections ..................................... 13 Figure 6. Digital Audio Inputs ............................................................................ 14 Figure 7. MCLK Divider and Voltage Level Converter ...................................... 15 Figure 8. Control Port Interface ......................................................................... 16 Figure 9. Reset Circuitry .................................................................................... 17 Figure 10. Power Supply ................................................................................... 18 Figure 11. I/O for Clocks and Data .................................................................... 19 Figure 12. Silkscreen Top ................................................................................. 20 Figure 13. Top Side ........................................................................................... 21 Figure 14. Bottom Side ...................................................................................... 22 Contacting Cirrus Logic Support For a complete listing of Direct Sales, Distributor, and Sales Representative contacts, visit the Cirrus Logic web site at: http://www.cirrus.com/corporate/contacts/sales.cfm IMPORTANT NOTICE "Preliminary" product information describes products that are in production, but for which full characterization data is not yet available. "Advance" product information describes products that are in development and subject to development changes. Cirrus Logic, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Cirrus") believe that the information contained in this document is accurate and reliable. However, the information is subject to change without notice and is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind (express or implied). Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. No responsibility is assumed by Cirrus for the use of this information, including use of this information as the basis for manufacture or sale of any items, or for infringement of patents or other rights of third parties. This document is the property of Cirrus and by furnishing this information, Cirrus grants no license, express or implied under any patents, mask work rights, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights. Cirrus owns the copyrights of the information contained herein and gives consent for copies to be made of the information only for use within your organization with respect to Cirrus integrated circuits or other parts of Cirrus. This consent does not extend to other copying such as copying for general distribution, advertising or promotional purposes, or for creating any work for resale. An export permit needs to be obtained from the competent authorities of the Japanese Government if any of the products or technologies described in this material and controlled under the "Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law" is to be exported or taken out of Japan. An export license and/or quota needs to be obtained from the competent authorities of the Chinese Government if any of the products or technologies described in this material is subject to the PRC Foreign Trade Law and is to be exported or taken out of the PRC. CERTAIN APPLICATIONS USING SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS MAY INVOLVE POTENTIAL RISKS OF DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ("CRITICAL APPLICATIONS"). CIRRUS PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. INCLUSION OF CIRRUS PRODUCTS IN SUCH APPLICATIONS IS UNDERSTOOD TO BE FULLY AT THE CUSTOMER'S RISK. Cirrus Logic, Cirrus, and the Cirrus Logic logo designs are trademarks of Cirrus Logic, Inc. All other brand and product names in this document may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. 2 DS590DB1 CDB4340A/41A LIST OF TABLES Table 1. CS8414 Supported Formats ................................................................... 4 Table 2. System Connections ............................................................................... 6 Table 3. CDB4340A Jumper Selectable Options .................................................. 6 Table 4. CDB4341A (I2C Mode) Jumper Selectable Options .............................. 7 Table 5. CDB4341A (SPI Mode) Jumper Selectable Options............................... 8 DS590DB1 3 CDB4340A/41A 1. CDB4340A/41A SYSTEM OVERVIEW The CDB4340A/41A evaluation board is an excellent means of quickly evaluating the CS4340A/41A. The CS8414 digital audio interface receiver provides an easy interface to digital audio signal sources including the majority of digital audio test equipment. The evaluation board also allows the user to supply clocks and data through a 10-pin header for system development. The CDB4340A/41A schematic has been partitioned into 10 schematics shown in Figures 2 through 11. Each partitioned schematic is represented in the system diagram shown in Figure 1. Notice that the system diagram also includes the interconnections between the partitioned schematics. 2. CDB4340A/41A ERRATA The CS4340A is mounted on the same PCB used to evaluate the CS4340. Please see tables 3 to 5 for jumper settings that are not applicable to the CDB4340A/41A. These jumpers should retain the default setting from the factory. Also, all SDATA net names for the CS4340A shall be interpreted as SDIN, as seen in the pin description of the CS4340A datasheet. 3. CS4340A/41A DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER A description of the CS4340A is included in the CS4340A data sheet. A description of the CS4341A is included in the CS4341A data sheet. 4. CS8414 DIGITAL AUDIO RECEIVER The system receives and decodes the standard S/PDIF data format using a CS8414 Digital Audio Receiver, Figure 5. The outputs of the CS8414 include a serial bit clock, serial data, left-right clock (FSYNC), and a 256 Fs master clock. The operation of the CS8414 and a discussion of the digital audio interface are included in the CS8414 Datasheet. During normal operation, the CS8414 operates in the Channel Status mode where the LED's display channel status information for the channel selected by the CSLR/FCK jumper. When the Error & Frequency button is enabled, the CS8414 operates in the Error and Frequency information mode. The information displayed by the LED's can be decoded by consulting the CS8414 data sheet. Encoded sample frequency information can be displayed provided a proper clock is being applied to the FCK pin of the CS8414. When an LED is lit, this indicates a "1" on the corresponding pin located on the CS8414. When an LED is off, this indicates a "0" on the corresponding pin. Neither the L or R option of CSLR/FCK should be selected if the FCK pin is being driven by a clock signal. 5. CS8414 DATA FORMAT The CS8414 data format can be set with jumpers M0, M1, M2, and M3, as described the CS8414 datasheet. The format selected must be compatible with the data format of the CS4340A or CS4341A, shown in the CS4340A and CS4341A datasheets. Please note that the CS8414 does not support all the possible modes of the CS4340A or CS4341A, see Table 1 for details. The default settings for M0-M3 on the evaluation board are given in Tables 3-5. CS4341A CS4340A CS8414 External Internal Format Format Format SCLK SCLK 0 2 Yes Yes 1 0 2 Yes No 2 1 0 No Yes 3 2 Unsupported 4 Unsupported 5 3 5 Yes No 6 6 Yes Yes 7 0 2 Yes No Table 1. CS8414 Supported Formats 4 DS590DB1 CDB4340A/41A 6. ANALOG OUTPUT FILTER The evaluation board includes a pair of single pole passive filters. The passive filters, Fig. 3, have a corner frequency of approximately 95 kHz with JP3 and JP6 installed and 190 kHz without JP3 and JP6. 7. INPUT/OUTPUT FOR CLOCKS AND DATA The evaluation board has been designed to allow the interface to external systems via the 10-pin header, J9. This header allows the evaluation board to accept externally generated clocks and data. The schematic for the clock/data I/O is shown in Figure 11. The 74HC243 transceiver functions as an I/O buffer where jumpers HDR1-HDR6 determine if the transceiver operates as a transmitter or receiver. A transmit function is implemented with the HDR1-HDR6 jumpers in the 8414 position. LRCK, SDATA, and SCLK from the CS8414 will be outputs on J9. The transceiver operates as a receiver with jumpers HDR1-HDR6 in the EXTERNAL position. MCLK, LRCK, SDATA and SCLK on J9 become inputs. 8. POWER SUPPLY CIRCUITRY Power is supplied to the evaluation board by three binding posts (GND, +5V, +3V/+5V) (see Figure 10). The +5V input supplies power to the +5 Volt digital circuitry (VA+5, VD+5, VDPC+5), while the +3V/+5V input supplies power to the DS590DB1 Voltage Level Converter and the CS4340A/41A for evaluation in either +3 or +5 Volt mode. 9. GROUNDING AND POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING The CS4340A/41A requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements to optimize performance. Figure 10 details the power distribution used on this board. The CDB4340A/41A ground plane is split to control the digital return currents in order to minimize digital interference. The decoupling capacitors are located as close to the CS4340A/41A as possible. Extensive use of ground plane fill on both the analog and digital sections of the evaluation board yields large reductions in radiated noise. 10. CDB4341A CONTROL PORT SOFTWARE The CDB4341A is shipped with Windows based software for interfacing with the CS4341A control port via the DB25 connector, P1. The software can be used to communicate with the CS4341A in either SPI or I2C mode; however, in SPI mode the CS4341A registers are write-only. Run SETUP.EXE from the distribution diskette to install the software. Further documentation for the software is available on the distribution diskette. The documentation is available in the plain text format file, README.TXT. 5 CDB4340A/41A CONNECTOR INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL PRESENT +5 V input + 5 Volt power +3V/+5V input + 3 Volt or + 5 Volt power for the CS4340A/41A and the Voltage Level Converter GND input ground connection from power supply Digital input input digital audio interface input via coax Optical input input digital audio interface input via optical J9 input/output I/O for master, serial, left/right clocks and serial data Parallel Port input/output parallel connection to PC for SPI/I2C control port signals Control I/O input/output I/O for SPI/I2C control port signals AOUTA output channel A analog output with single-pole passive filter AOUTB output channel B analog output with single-pole passive filter Table 2. System Connections JUMPER CSLR/FCK PURPOSE FUNCTION SELECTED HI *LO See CS8414 Datasheet for details CS8414 mode selection *Low *High *Low *Low See CS8414 Datasheet for details SCLK N/A INT *EXT N/A DEM_8414 N/A *8414 DEM N/A HDR1-6 Selects source of clocks and audio data *8414 EXT Selects CS8414 as source Digital I/O header becomes an source HDR 7 Enables the external mute for AOUTA *ON OFF Mute Enabled Mute Disabled HDR 8 Enables the external mute for AOUTB *ON OFF Mute Enabled Mute Disabled MCLK Selects Single-Speed or DoubleSpeed Modes *x1 ÷2 Selects Single-Speed Mode Selects Double-Speed Mode HDR15 DIF1 HI *LOW See CS4340A Datasheet for details HDR16 DIF0 HI *LOW See CS4340A Datasheet for details HDR17 DEM0 HI *LOW See CS4340A Datasheet for details M0 M1 M2 M3 ENCTRL Selects channel for CS8414 channel status information POSITION Enables/Disables parallel port Enable *Disable Invalid for CS4340A Disables parallel port Table 3. CDB4340A Jumper Selectable Options *Default setting from factory 6 DS590DB1 CDB4340A/41A JUMPER CSLR/FCK PURPOSE FUNCTION SELECTED HI *LO See CS8414 Datasheet for details CS8414 mode selection *Low *High *Low *Low See CS8414 Datasheet for details SCLK N/A INT *EXT N/A DEM_8414 N/A *8414 DEM “Don’t Care” for CS4341A HDR1-6 Selects source of clocks and audio data *8414 EXT Selects CS8414 as source Digital I/O header becomes an source HDR 7 Enables the external mute for AOUTA *ON OFF Mute Enabled Mute Disabled HDR 8 Enables the external mute for AOUTB *ON OFF Mute Enabled Mute Disabled MCLK Selects Single-Speed or DoubleSpeed Modes *x1 ÷2 Selects Single-Speed Mode Selects Double-Speed Mode HDR15 SCL Pull-Up *HI LOW SCL pulled high Invalid for I2C mode HDR16 SDA Pull-Up *HI LOW SDA pulled high Invalid for I2C mode HDR17 AD0 HI *LOW “Don’t Care” for Control Port Mode M0 M1 M2 M3 ENCTRL Selects channel for CS8414 channel status information POSITION Enables/Disables parallel port *Enable Disable Enables parallel port Disables parallel port (must use HDR14) Table 4. CDB4341A (I2C Mode) Jumper Selectable Options *Default setting from factory Notes: DS590DB1 The CDB4341A evaluation board is shipped from the factory configured for I2C mode. 7 CDB4340A/41A JUMPER CSLR/FCK PURPOSE FUNCTION SELECTED HI *LO See CS8414 Datasheet for details CS8414 mode selection *Low *High *Low *Low See CS8414 Datasheet for details SCLK N/A INT *EXT N/A DEM_8414 N/A *8414 DEM “Don’t Care” for CS4341A HDR1-6 Selects source of clocks and audio data *8414 EXT Selects CS8414 as source Digital I/O header becomes an source HDR 7 Enables the external mute for AOUTA *ON OFF Mute Enabled Mute Disabled HDR 8 Enables the external mute for AOUTB *ON OFF Mute Enabled Mute Disabled MCLK Selects Single-Speed or DoubleSpeed Modes *x1 ÷2 Selects Single-Speed Mode Selects Double-Speed Mode HDR15 CCLK Pull-up or Pull-down *HI LOW “Don’t Care” for SPI mode HDR16 CDIN Pull-up or Pull-down *HI LOW “Don’t Care” for SPI mode HDR17 CS Pull-up HI *LOW “Don’t Care” for Control Port Mode M0 M1 M2 M3 ENCTRL Selects channel for CS8414 channel status information POSITION Enables/Disables parallel port *Enable Disable Enables parallel port Disables parallel port (must use HDR14) Table 5. CDB4341A (SPI Mode) Jumper Selectable Options *Default setting from factory Notes: 8 When in SPI mode, it is not possible to read the control registers of the CS4341A. The CDB4341A evaluation board is shipped from the factory configured for I2C mode. DS590DB1 CDB4340A/41A I/O for Clocks and Data Fig 11 Digital Audio Input Fig 6 Control Port Interface Fig 8 RXN RXP CS8414 Digital Audio Receiver Connections Fig 5 MCLK LRCK SCLK SDATA Voltage MCLK LRCK Level Converter SCLK SDATA Fig 7 CS4340A/41A Fig 2 Reset Circuit Fig 9 Passive Analog Filter Fig 3 External Mute Circuit Fig 4 Figure 1. System Block Diagram and Signal Flow DS590DB1 9 10 DEM0/AD0/CS-A DIF0/SDA/CDIN DIF1/SCL/CCLK-A MCLK-A LRCK-A DEM1/SCLK-A SDATA-A RST R10 499 R13 499 R14 499 R41 49.9 R40 200 R39 200 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 MUTEC AOUTA VA CS4340A AGND AOUTB REF_GND VQ FILT+ CS4340A_KS /RST SDIN SCLK LRCK MCLK DIF1 DIF0 DEM Figure 2. CS4340A/41A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 U7 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 MUTEC MUTEC C20 1UF AGND 1UF C21 C34 .1UF TP4 C17 .1UF X7R TP5 ALP C35 .1UF C43 3.3UF C23 10UF AGND ARP FERRITE_BEAD L1 C44 3.3UF VA+3/+5 CDB4340A/41A X7R X7R DS590DB1 DS590DB1 ARP MUTEB ALP MUTEA AGND R29 10K R17 AGND R28 10K R18 AGND JP6 AGND JP3 2 1 2 AGND C5 1500PF COG 1 3 4 NC J3 CON_RCA_RA 3 4 NC J4 CON_RCA_RA AGND C6 1500PF COG Figure 3. Analog Output Passive Filter 560 C22 1500PF COG HDR1X2 HDR8 1 2 560 C18 1500PF COG HDR1X2 HDR7 1 2 AOUTRP B AOUTLP A CDB4340A/41A 11 12 MUTEC 1 AGND 2 3 3 R31 R25 MMUN2111LT1 Q3 Figure 4. External Mute Circuit Q4 MMUN2211LT1 1 2 VA+3/+5 2K 2K 3 1 2 AGND Q1 2SC2878 MUTEA 3 AGND 1 2 MUTEB Q2 2SC2878 CDB4340A/41A DS590DB1 8414_DEM VD+5 RN3 560 10 8 6 4 D2 12 LED_RECT LED_RECT D4 D6 LED_RECT LED_RECT D5 LED_RECT D3 2 SN74HC04N D1 LED_RECT U8 VD+5 GND VCC GND 7 14 13 11 9 5 3 1 C16 .1UF GND GND C1 10UF VD1 RXP RXN 1UF .1UF X7R 10 CSLR/FCK C31 C26 R11 VA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 U2 CS8414 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 SDATA LRCK SCLK C VERF CD/F1 CE/F2 CC/F0 SDATA CB/E2 ERF CA/E1 M1 /C0/E0 M0 VD+ VA+ DGND AGND RXP FILT RXN MCK FSYNC M2 SCK M3 CS12/FCK SEL U CBL HDR1X3 HDR1 HDR1X3 HDR2 HDR1X3 HDR3 MCLK VD1 1UF C32 C33 .1UF X7R ERROR & FREQ R7 47.5K SW_B3W_1100 S4 R9 470 C27 Figure 5. CS8414 Digital Audio Receiver Connections VA+5 HDR1X3 HDR4 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 DS590DB1 GND HDR1X3 HDR5 VA 8414_DEM TP10 GND CSLR/FCK GND DEM1/SCLK SCLK .068UF X7R CS8414_M2 CS8414_M1 CS8414_M0 HDR1X3 EXT_INT_SCLK 1 INT 2 3 EXT HDR1X3 8414_DEM 1 DEM 2 3 8414 R6 47.5K INT/EXT SCLK HDR1X3 CSLR/FCK 1 2 CSLR/FCK 3 HDR1X3 M3 1 2 8414_M 3 HDR1X3 M2 1 2 M2 3 HDR1X3 M1 1 2 M1 3 HDR1X3 M0 1 2 M0 3 VD1 CDB4340A/41A 13 14 NC 3 4 2 1 GND CON_RCA_RA J5 C11 R30 .01UF 75 DIGITAL INPUT 5 Figure 6. Digital Audio Inputs RXN 6 TORX173 OPT1 4 3 2 1 C9 .01UF C10 47UH L4 .01UF GND OPTICAL INPUT VD+5 RXP CDB4340A/41A DS590DB1 DS590DB1 GND VD+5 VD+5 VD+5 VD+5 VD+5 10 11 12 13 4 3 2 1 GND /Q2 Q2 /Q1 Q1 VCC C15 .1UF GND MC74HC74AN /SET2 CLOCK2 DATA2 /RST2 /SET1 CLOCK1 DATA1 /RST1 U1 7 8 9 6 5 14 GND HRM MCLK MCLK-B BRM J20 HDR1X3 DEM0/AD0/CS DIF1/SCL/CCLK SDATA DEM1/SCLK LRCK MCLK 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 19 1 U5 GND B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 VCC SN74VHC245DW A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 /G DIR Figure 7. MCLK Divider and Voltage Level Converter VD+5 1 2 3 10 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 20 GND C14 VA+3/+5 AGND DEM0/AD0/CS-A SDATA-A DEM1/SCLK-A LRCK-A MCLK-A DIF1/SCL/CCLK-A .1UF CDB4340A/41A 15 1 14 2 15 3 16 4 17 5 18 6 19 7 20 8 21 9 22 10 23 11 24 12 25 13 DB25M_RA P1 GND GND 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 U3 HDR4X2 HDR14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LATCH 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 5Q 6Q 7Q 8Q 5 GND 9 VDPC+5 DIF1/SCL/CCLK DIF0/SDA/CDIN DEM0/AD0/CS 20 10 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 GND .1UF GND 13 SN74HCT125N 8 U6 11 U6 HDR1X3 HDR15 1 2 3 SN74HCT125N 10 12 Figure 8. Control Port Interface GND 3 SN74HCT125N U6 VCC GND 7 1 14 SN74HC574N 1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D 8D /OC CLK 4 GND VCC U6 6 SN74HCT125N 2 C4 VDPC+5 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K R2 R3 R5 R4 R8 R12 PC0 LATCH ENCTRL VDPC+5 2K HDR1X3 HDR16 1 2 3 GND HDR1X3 HDR17 1 2 3 GND HDR1X3 HDR18 1 2 3 VDPC+5 ENCTRL DEM0/AD0/CS DIF0/SDA/CDIN DIF1/SCL/CCLK VDPC+5 2K R19 R16 VA+3/+5 2K R20 2K R21 .1UF 2K R22 16 2K GND R23 C7 CDB4340A/41A DS590DB1 AGND R1 200K RST Figure 9. Reset Circuitry 3.3UF C29 AGND D7 R27 BAT85 S1 SW_B3W_1100 DS590DB1 100 VA+3/+5 CDB4340A/41A 17 GND .1UF 10UF C19 VDPC+5 C8 VA+5 L3 FB .1UF C13 47UF C25 GND C3 .1UF Z2 C2 47UF C12 47UF J1 CON_BANANA +3V/+5V P6KE6V8P P6KE6V8P Figure 10. Power Supply VD+5 J7 J6 AGND CON_BANANA CON_BANANA Z1 GND L2 FB 18 +5V VA+3/+5 CDB4340A/41A DS590DB1 GND DS590DB1 GND C24 .1UF VD+5 MCLK SCLK LRCK SDATA 14 8 9 10 11 7 GBA /GAB A4 A3 A2 A1 13 1 6 5 4 3 Figure 11. I/O for Clocks and Data VCC B4 B3 B2 B1 U4 74HC243 GND 10 8 6 4 2 GND HDR1X3 HDR6 8414 EXTERNAL CLK SOURCE DIGITAL I/O J9 HDR5X2 9 7 5 3 1 VD+5 MCLK SCLK LRCK SDATA CDB4340A/41A 1 2 3 GND 19 CDB4340A/41A Figure 12. Silkscreen Top 20 DS590DB1 CDB4340A/41A Figure 13. Top Side DS590DB1 21 CDB4340A/41A Figure 14. Bottom Side 22 DS590DB1 • Notes •