IBM Research ! Dec 2004 " # © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research $ % & $ % % & " ' % – % & % % - % – . () , % " " / " , & " & " & & + % % % " , " & , " / " – # & % " , " % ,0 , / & J. Moreno / December 2004 % % " ($ %% % – 2 % *+" % ( – # – % & " + © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research '% &, ! % ' 1/ % % 3 J. Moreno / December 2004 % ! © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 2 –4 100 ! –$ % , ( % Power Density (W/cm2) 1000 3 2 ! ! + Gate Stack 10S Tox=11A Active Power 10 Passive Power 1 0.1 0.01 1994 2004 0.001 1 4 J. Moreno / December 2004 0.1 Gate Length (microns) 0.01 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 2 2 6 ' ( ! " ! .! " ! $ % & " % $ )% & " # $ )% & + " # & ! % & # 5 ! # + & " % % , 5 ! J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research % 6 J. 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Moreno / December 2004 ?; < % ( " , (22 89 : + 3 7 % <+ ! (22 8 9: + © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research B &$ & Bipolar Frequency CMOS Frequency & density CMOS SoC Integration & density CPU 1 L2 Cache CPU 2 Blue Gene L Multi-Chip Module (MCM) Power 5 Multi-core microprocessor, ASIC library, design tools 1980’s 1990’s – 2000’s 2004 & Beyond (Note: Figures not to scale) 10 J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research & 2 % 2 & %" , % % % % ! 2 , ' 11 % % J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research '% &, ! % – , "/ ' 1/ % % 12 J. Moreno / December 2004 ! © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 2 " – , - " , % %% % – $ & " & – & " % 6 6 % , & " C " %, & " % 3 D 6 " % % & "% % , ". $ %, ( !" " % 6 & -& – $ <: : 8< :; :" – + & + ' , ! - ; : := :: :2 ,& ,& C %, & – $ 13 J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 2 % & % ' . . . . ( ( $ $ + + "" "" 14 J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research % & SMP Core Accelerator Cache Memory ... Blades % – – $ 15 " %, & , , $ &E$ & , , % , &( J. Moreno / December 2004 & ,% % %, ( / " & " % +FG G G % & " + © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research %4 PLB(4:1) 5 / 32k/32k L1 “DoubleFPU” snoop 32k/32k L1 128 440CPU I/Oproc L2 ' '!2 % '/ + + 256 128 L2 440CPU * Multiported Shared SRAM Buffer 256 256 4MB EDRAM Shared L3directory for EDRAM . . L3Cache 1024+ or 144ECC Memory . 0 1 IncludesECC 256 “DoubleFPU” + " / / 128 16 / Ethernet Gbit JTAG Access Gbit Ethernet JTAG Torus Tree 6out and 3out and 6in, each at 3in, each at 1.4Gbit/s link 2.8Gbit/s link Global Interrupt 4global barriers or interrupts J. Moreno / December 2004 DDR Control withECC 144bit wide DDR 256/512MB 1 * / * / 1 $+ / ) © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research % 3 % – # & % % % " % & % – $ ( % % ,% "& % % – C % % & % + ( + 1 3 & & 6 "C 3 " / % " ," , % 17 & "% J. Moreno / December 2004 % % © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research % (()) & (()) ()+ * , * – ) H % % 6 , & E / – & & 6 ! –1 , – 6 %, F , & 6 F F & % 1/ # , &( + & % I 3 % % – (3 % & " % % – 6 – % –# 3 % / , ! 18 () () * ,4 3 –# (), % , & I B& % % / % & " % ,,& + J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research $ % % & ( () () () )) - -- (()) ** ()+ -- 19 ** (()) J. Moreno / December 2004 -- (), (()) (()) © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research Off-load engines and accelerators Multiple cores with same ISA %( & – – 1 % )$ 2 – 1 &% + % & – ' )$ 2 * , * %& " & / % – – . I , % %( & – C – )3 & % & " * % – 20 + E ( % " + % $ & 2 H% % % , % , & / % % % " & , , % - ! , &/ , J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research . % " % " – 2 % ! I % " % " %% " % / ! # % % % , ( ! $ . + I , % 7 . 0 % " / C& % % % - C& ( 1 % – % + .! - % H % & % & , % 3 ( ! + ., & %, 21 J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research )$ $ & % *( $ $ %" JJ + $ # & ' ((( ! # " $ ! $ # ) $ ' * $ ! $ % & $*$. + $ . # # $ # ! 2 % $ 22 , 21K % & % &$ % ! J. Moreno / December 2004 % , ! % 3 ' % ! " ' @ : "< : : = © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 2 % – $ – 3 % " % % - & , I 2 % % % % – $ %, J. Moreno / December 2004 & / – $ C 23 !& % % " / % © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research '% &, ! % – , "/ ' % – 1 % " " % &, % , % 1/ % 24 J. Moreno / December 2004 ! © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 2 % #% , $ F 2 " H % & " % & & % " % "% /& –2 $- – .& %% . ( " 25 ,&,% J. Moreno / December 2004 " " % & " % + & & C . < & 6 ,% % %, " % % " " " , © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 3 26 J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 2 27 J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research & ' ! 5 ! 1 3 ! 3 1 - 2 * ( * ) - 1 ! ' 1 (* / ) ! 0 4 & " 1 ! (* ! 6 !% (* ! % 0 ( 28 J. Moreno / December 2004 0 6 0 1 ( © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research '% &, ! % – , "/ ' % – # & % , " % % &, " % 1/ – % % 29 J. Moreno / December 2004 ! © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research % ! – ) %* – 2 – – % % & % % & " , % 30 %* % % , & 3 5 ' % ) % ( % % " ! " + D % " , & " 2 " J. Moreno / December 2004 & " % " " F © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research . $ – 1, . % & & $ 6 ! # 0 % – 1 / 31 % J. Moreno / December 2004 & " & - & , , % © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research Dec 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation IBM Research 3, , " % % " ! % %% & % % % % % , , % % , 0 " ,& " , % " ! / % L " " & 33 J. Moreno / December 2004 © 2004 IBM Corporation