PICkit™ 3
In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
User’s Guide
For MPLAB® X IDE
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•
Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•
There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•
Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
•
Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is provided only for your convenience
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability
arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip
devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at
the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and
hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,
suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip
intellectual property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
FlashFlex, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro,
PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash
and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor,
MTP, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions
Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of
Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, BodyCom,
chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM,
dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB
Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, SQI, Serial Quad I/O,
Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock, ZENA
and Z-Scale are trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
GestIC and ULPP are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of
Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2013, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
ISBN: 978-1-62077-008-5
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CERTIFIED BY DNV
== ISO/TS 16949 ==
DS52116A-page 2
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Object of Declaration: PICkit™3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 3
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS52116A-page 4
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 7
Getting Started
Chapter 1. About the In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 13
1.2 PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer Defined ...................................... 13
1.3 How the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer Helps You .................... 16
1.4 PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer Components .............................. 16
Chapter 2. Operation
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Tools Comparison ........................................................................................ 18
2.3 PICkit 3 vs. PICkit 2 ...................................................................................... 18
2.4 Debugger to Target Communication ............................................................ 19
2.5 Communication Connections ....................................................................... 21
2.6 Debugging .................................................................................................... 24
2.7 Requirements for Debugging ....................................................................... 25
2.8 Programming ................................................................................................ 27
2.9 Resources Used by the Debugger ............................................................... 27
Chapter 3. Debugger Usage
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 29
3.2 Installation and Setup ................................................................................... 29
3.3 Common Debug Features ............................................................................ 30
3.4 Connecting the Target .................................................................................. 30
3.5 Setting Up the Target Board ......................................................................... 31
3.6 Setting Up MPLAB X IDE ............................................................................. 33
3.7 Starting and Stopping Debugging ................................................................ 33
3.8 Viewing Processor Memory and Files .......................................................... 33
Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Debug Express
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 35
4.2 PICkit 3 Debug Express Kit Contents ........................................................... 35
4.3 Installing the Hardware and Software .......................................................... 35
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 5
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
Chapter 5. PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 37
5.2 USB Power for PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go ................................................ 37
5.3 PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go Supported Devices ......................................... 38
5.4 Setting up PICkit 3 for Programmer-To-Go Operation ................................. 39
5.5 Using PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go .............................................................. 42
5.6 Exiting Programmer-To-Go Mode ................................................................ 43
Troubleshooting
Chapter 6. Troubleshooting First Steps
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 47
6.2 The 5 Questions to Answer First .................................................................. 47
6.3 Top 10 Reasons Why You Can’t Debug ...................................................... 47
6.4 Other Things to Consider ............................................................................. 48
Chapter 7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 49
7.2 How Does It Work ........................................................................................ 49
7.3 What’s Wrong ............................................................................................... 50
Chapter 8. Error Messages
8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 53
8.2 Specific Error Messages .............................................................................. 53
8.3 General Corrective Actions .......................................................................... 54
Chapter 9. Engineering Technical Notes (ETNs)
Reference
Appendix A. Hardware Specification
A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 61
A.2 Highlights ..................................................................................................... 61
A.3 Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................ 61
A.4 USB Port/Power ........................................................................................... 62
A.5 PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer ................................................... 62
A.6 Standard Communication Hardware ............................................................ 63
A.7 Target Board Considerations ....................................................................... 65
Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics
Appendix C. Revision History
Glossary .......................................................................................................................71
Index .............................................................................................................................91
Worldwide Sales and Service......................................................................................94
DS52116A-page 6
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Preface
NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and
documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs
and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site
(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.
Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each
page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is
“DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the
document.
For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® X IDE online help.
Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available online help files.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the
PICkit 3™ starter kit. Items discussed in this chapter include:
• Document Layout
• Conventions Used in this Guide
• Recommended Reading
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 7
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the PICkit 3 as a development tool to emulate and
debug firmware on a target board, as well as how to program devices. The document
is organized as follows:
Part 1 – Getting Started
• Chapter 1. About the In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
Describes the PICkit 3, and how it can help you develop your application.
• Chapter 2. Operation
Presents the theory of PICkit 3 operation. Explains configuration options.
• Chapter 3. Debugger Usage
Discusses installation and set up, common debug features, using targets, setting
up MPLAB® Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and related debugger
topics.
• Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Debug Express
Provides basic information about using the PICkit 3 Debug Express.
• Chapter 5. PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
Provides instructions for using the PICkit 3 unit to program a device even though it
is not connected to a personal computer (PC).
Part 2 – Troubleshooting
• Chapter 6. Troubleshooting First Steps – The first things you should try if you
are having issues with debugger operation.
• Chapter 7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – A list of frequently asked
questions, useful for troubleshooting.
• Chapter 8. Error Messages – A list of error messages and suggested
resolutions.
• Chapter 9. Engineering Technical Notes (ETNs)
Part 3 – Reference
• Appendix A. Hardware Specification – The hardware and electrical
specifications of the debugger system.
• Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics
• Appendix C. Revision History
DS52116A-page 8
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preface
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE
This manual uses the following documentation conventions:
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description
Arial font:
Italic characters
Initial caps
Quotes
Underlined, italic text with
right angle bracket
Bold characters
N‘Rnnnn
Text in angle brackets < >
Courier New font:
Plain Courier New
Represents
Referenced books
Emphasized text
A window
A dialog
A menu selection
A field name in a window or
dialog
A menu path
MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide
...is the only compiler...
the Output window
the Settings dialog
select Enable Programmer
“Save project before build”
A dialog button
A tab
A number in verilog format,
where N is the total number of
digits, R is the radix and n is a
digit.
A key on the keyboard
Click OK
Click the Power tab
4‘b0010, 2‘hF1
Italic Courier New
Sample source code
Filenames
File paths
Keywords
Command-line options
Bit values
Constants
A variable argument
Square brackets [ ]
Optional arguments
Curly brackets and pipe
character: { | }
Ellipses...
Choice of mutually exclusive
arguments; an OR selection
Replaces repeated text
Represents code supplied by
user
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Examples
File>Save
Press <Enter>, <F1>
#define START
autoexec.bat
c:\mcc18\h
_asm, _endasm, static
-Opa+, -Opa0, 1
0xFF, ‘A’
file.o, where file can be
any valid filename
mcc18 [options] file
[options]
errorlevel {0|1}
var_name [,
var_name...]
void main (void)
{ ...
}
DS52116A-page 9
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
RECOMMENDED READING
This user's guide describes how to use PICkit 3. Other useful documents are listed
below. The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as
supplemental reference resources.
Multi-Tool Design Advisory (DS51764)
Please read this first! This document contains important information about operational
issues that should be considered when using the PICkit with your target design.
Release Notes for PICkit 3
For the latest information on using PICkit 3, read the release notes under “Release
Notes and Support Documentation” on the Start Page. The release notes contain
update information and known issues that may not be included in this user’s guide.
MPLAB X - Using PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger Poster (DS52010)
This poster shows you how to hook up the hardware and install the software for the
PICkit 3 programmer Debugger using standard communications and a target board.
PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer Online Help File
A comprehensive help file for the debugger is included with MPLAB X IDE. Usage,
troubleshooting and hardware specifications are covered. This may be more up-to-date
than the printed documentation. Also, limitations are listed for various devices.
Processor Extension Pak and Header Specification (DS51292)
This booklet describes how to install and use PICkit in-circuit debug headers to better
debug selected devices without the loss of pins or resources. See also the PEP and
Header online help file.
Transition Socket Specification (DS51194)
Consult this document for information on transition sockets available for use with
headers.
DS52116A-page 10
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Part 1 – Getting Started
Chapter 1. About the In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer ........................................... 13
Chapter 2. Operation.................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3. Debugger Usage ........................................................................................ 29
Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Debug Express ............................................................................ 35
Chapter 5. PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go...................................................................... 37
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 11
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS52116A-page 12
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 1. About the In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
1.1
INTRODUCTION
An overview of the PICkit 3™ In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system is provided.
• PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer Defined
• How the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer Helps You
• PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer Components
1.2
PICKIT 3 IN-CIRCUIT DEBUGGER/PROGRAMMER DEFINED
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer (see Figure 1-1) is a simple, low-cost
in-circuit debugger that is controlled by a PC running MPLAB X IDE software on a
Windows® platform. The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer is an integral part
of the development engineer’s tool suite. The application usage can vary from software
development to hardware integration.
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer is a debugger system used for hardware
and software development with Microchip PIC® microcontrollers (MCUs) and dsPIC®
Digital Signal Controllers (DSCs) that are based on In-Circuit Serial Programming™
(ICSP™) and Enhanced In-Circuit Serial Programming 2-wire serial interfaces.
In addition to debugger functions, the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
system also may be used as a development programmer.
Note:
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer is NOT a production
programmer. It should be used for development purposes only.
The PICkit 3 debugger was developed for programming and debugging embedded
processors with debug functions. The PICkit 3 features include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Full-speed USB support using Windows standard drivers
Real-time execution
Processors running at maximum speeds
Built-in over-voltage/short circuit monitor
Low voltage to 5V (1.8-5V range)
Diagnostic LEDs (power, active, status)
Read/write program and data memory of microcontroller
Erasing of all memory types (EEPROM, ID, configuration and program) with
verification
• Peripheral freeze at breakpoint
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 13
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
FIGURE 1-1:
PICkit™ 3 MCU IN-CIRCUIT DEBUGGER/PROGRAMMER
2
1
Legend:
1 – Lanyard Loop
2 – USB Port Connection
3 – Pin 1 Marker
4 – Programming Connector
5 – Indicator LEDs
6 – Push Button
6
5
3
4
1.2.1
Lanyard Loop
The lanyard loop provides a point of attachment so that the PICkit 3 can be suspended
or worn.
1.2.2
USB Port Connection
The USB port connection is a USB mini-B connector. Connect the PICkit 3 to the PC using
the supplied USB cable.
1.2.3
Pin 1 Marker
This marker designates the location of pin 1 for proper connector alignment.
DS52116A-page 14
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
About the In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
1.2.4
Programming Connector
The programming connector is a 6-pin header (0.100" spacing) that connects to the
target device. See the pinout specification in Figure 1-2.
FIGURE 1-2:
PICkit™ 3 PROGRAMMER CONNECTOR PINOUT
Pin 1 Indicator
Pin Description*
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 = MCLR/VPP
2 = VDD Target
3 = VSS (ground)
4 = PGD (ICSPDAT)
5 = PGC (ICSPCLK)
6 = PGM (LVP)
* The 6-pin header (0.100" spacing) accepts 0.025" square pins.
Note:
1.2.5
Programming Serial EEPROMS devices requires a different programming
connector pinout. Pinouts for those types of devices are available in the
ReadMe file for the PICkit 3 included with the MPLAB X IDE software
(MPLAB X IDE Start Page, click on Release Notes and Support Documentation).
Indicator LEDs
The indicator LEDs indicate the status of operations on the PICkit 3.
1. Power (green) – power is supplied to the PICkit 3 via the USB port
2. Active (blue) – connected to the PC USB port and the communication link is
active
3. Status (one of three colors)
Success (green) – ready to start, or successful completion
Busy (orange) – busy with a function in progress, e.g., programming
Error (red) – an error has occurred
Note:
1.2.6
Blinking LEDs indicate additional information. For details, see Table 5-2.
Push Button
The push button is used for Programmer-To-Go operations. See Chapter 5. “PICkit 3
Programmer-To-Go”.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 15
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
1.3
HOW THE PICKIT 3 IN-CIRCUIT DEBUGGER/PROGRAMMER HELPS YOU
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer enables you to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.4
debug your application on your own hardware in real time
debug with hardware breakpoints
set breakpoints based on internal events
monitor internal file registers
emulate at full speed
program your device
PICKIT 3 IN-CIRCUIT DEBUGGER/PROGRAMMER COMPONENTS
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system contains the following
components:
1. the PICkit 3 with indicator lights for power, activity and status.
2. a USB cable to provide communication between the debugger and a PC, and to
provide power to the debugger.
FIGURE 1-3:
BASIC DEBUGGER SYSTEM
Indicator
Lights
PICkit 3
USB Cable to PC
To Target Board
Additional items can be ordered separately:
• PICkit 3 Debug Express Kit, which includes:
- 44-pin demo board with a PIC18F45K20 MCU
- free version of MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18 MCUs
- easy-to-understand lessons and tutorials
- other software utilities, examples with source code and full documentation
• Transition socket
• ICD headers
• MPLAB X IDE processor extension kits
DS52116A-page 16
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 2. Operation
2.1
INTRODUCTION
A simplified description of how the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system
works is provided here. It is intended to provide enough information so a target board
can be designed that is compatible with the debugger for both debugging and
programming operations. The basic theory of in-circuit debugging and programming is
described so that problems, if encountered, are quickly resolved.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tools Comparison
PICkit 3 vs. PICkit 2
Debugger to Target Communication
Communication Connections
Debugging
Requirements for Debugging
Programming
Resources Used by the Debugger
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 17
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
2.2
TOOLS COMPARISON
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system differs physically and operationally from other Microchip debug tools as shown below. Specific features may vary by
device (see the online help file, “Device and Feature Support”.)
TABLE 2-1:
DEBUG TOOLS COMPARISON
PICkit 3
Programmer/
Debugger
MPLAB ICD 3
In-Circuit
Debugger
MPLAB REAL ICE
In-Circuit
Emulator
USB Speed
Full Only
High and Full
High and Full
USB Driver
HID
Microchip
Microchip
USB Powered
Yes
Yes
Yes
Power to Target
Yes
Yes
No
Programmable VPP and VDD
Yes
Yes
Yes
20 ma
<1 ma
<1 ma
Overvoltage/Overcurrent
Protection
Yes (SW)
Yes (HW)
Yes (HW)
Device emulation
Full speed
Full speed
Full speed
HW Breakpoints
Simple
Complex
Complex
Stopwatch
Yes
Yes
Yes
SW Breakpoints
No
Yes
Yes
Program Image
512K bytes
No
No
Serialized USB
Yes
Yes
Yes
Trace
No
No
Yes
Data Capture
No
No
Yes
Logic Probe Triggers
No
No
Yes
High Speed/LVDS
Connection
No
No
Yes
Production Programmer
No
Yes
Yes
Features
Vdd Drain from Target
2.3
PICkit 3 vs. PICkit 2
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system is similar in function to the
PICkit 2 In-Circuit Debugger system.
Similarities of the two debuggers include:
• Powered via USB cable to PC
• Provides a programmable voltage power supply
The PICkit 3 differs from the PICkit 2 by providing these additional features:
• Extended EE program image space (512 Kbytes)
• True voltage reference
• Increased voltage range (1.8-5V VDD; 1.8-14V VPP)
DS52116A-page 18
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Operation
2.4
DEBUGGER TO TARGET COMMUNICATION
The debugger system configurations are discussed in the following sections.
CAUTION
Install the software before making any hardware connections, i.e., do NOT connect
the hardware before installing the software and USB drivers.
Do NOT change hardware connections when the PICkit 3 and/or the target are
powered.
Standard ICSP Device Communication
The debugger system can be configured to use standard ICSP communication for both
programming and debugging functions. This 6-pin connection is the same one used by
the older PICkit 2 Development Programmer/Debugger.
The modular cable can be inserted into either:
• a matching socket at the target, where the target device is on the target board
(Figure 2-1), or
• a standard adapter/header board combo (available as a Processor Pak), which is
then plugged into the target board (Figure 2-2).
Note:
Older header boards used a 6-pin modular connector instead of an 6-pin
single in-line connector, so these headers can be connected to the
debugger using an AC164110 ICSP adapter.
For more on standard communication, see Appendix A. “Hardware Specification”.
FIGURE 2-1:
STANDARD DEBUGGER SYSTEM – DEVICE WITH
ON-BOARD ICE CIRCUITRY
PICkit 3
Target Device
or PIM
Mini-USB
cable
to PC
Target Board
Power
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 19
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
FIGURE 2-2:
STANDARD DEBUGGER SYSTEM – ICE DEVICE
AC164110
Adapter
Mini-USB
cable
to PC
PICkit 3
Device-ICE
Power
Header
Transition Socket
DS52116A-page 20
Target Board
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Operation
2.5
COMMUNICATION CONNECTIONS
2.5.1
Standard Communication Target Connections
2.5.1.1
USING SINGLE IN-LINE CONNECTOR
Use the 6-pin in-line connector between the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
and the target board connector. See Figure 2-1. Also see Table 2-2 and
Section A.6 “Standard Communication Hardware”.
TABLE 2-2:
2.5.1.2
TARGET CONNECTOR PINOUT
Connector Pin
Microcontroller Pin
1
MCLR/VPP
2
VDD
3
Ground
4
PDG (ICSPDAT)
5
PGC (ICSPCLK)
6
PGM (LVP)
USING AN ADAPTER
Use the AC164110 adapter between the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer and
the target device with the modular interface (six conductor) cable. The pin numbering
for the connector is shown from the bottom of the target PC board in Figure 2-3.
Note:
Cable connections at the debugger and target are mirror images of each
other, i.e., pin 1 on one end of the cable is connected to pin 6 on the other
end of the cable. See Section A.6.2.3 “Modular Cable Specification”.
FIGURE 2-3:
STANDARD RJ-11 CONNECTION AT TARGET
Target
Connector
VDD
VPP/MCLR
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
PGD
LVP
2 4 6
PGC
1 3 5
Target
Vss
PC Board
Bottom Side
DS52116A-page 21
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
2.5.2
Target Connection Circuitry
Figure 2-4 shows the interconnections of the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
to the connector on the target board. The diagram also shows the wiring from the
connector to a device on the target PC board. A pull-up resistor (typically around 10 k)
is recommended to be connected from the VPP/MCLR line to VDD so that the line may
be strobed low to reset the device.
FIGURE 2-4:
STANDARD CONNECTION TARGET CIRCUITRY
Application
PC Board
VDD
Device
2
4.7K-10K
VPP/MCLR
PGC
AVDD
AVSS
2.5.3
1
5
PGD
4
VSS
3
Interface
Connector
Target Powered
In the following descriptions, only three lines are active and relevant to core debugger
operation: pins 1 (VPP/MCLR), 5 (PGC) and 4 (PGD). Pins 2 (VDD) and 3 (VSS) are
shown on Figure 2-4 for completeness. PICkit 3 has two configurations for powering
the target device: internal debugger and external target power.
The recommended source of power is external and derived from the target application.
In this configuration, target VDD is sensed by the debugger to allow level translation for
the target low-voltage operation. If the debugger does not sense voltage on its VDD line
(pin 2 of the interface connector), it will not operate.
2.5.4
Debugger Powered
The internal debugger power is limited to 30 mA. This can be helpful with very small
applications that have the device VDD separated from the rest of the application circuit
for independent programming. However, is not recommended for general usage
because imposes more current demands from the USB power system derived from the
PC.
Not all devices have the AVDD and AVSS lines, but if they are present on the target
device, all must be connected to the appropriate levels in order for the debugger to
operate. They cannot be left floating.
Also, devices with a VCAP line (PIC18FXXJ MCUs, for example) should be connected
to the appropriate capacitor or level.
Note:
DS52116A-page 22
The interconnection is very simple. Any problems that occur are often
caused by other connections or components on these critical lines that
interfere with the operation of the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Operation
2.5.5
Circuits That Will Prevent the Debugger From Functioning
Figure 2-5 shows the active debugger lines with some components that will prevent the
PICkit 3 debugger system from functioning.
FIGURE 2-5:
IMPROPER CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
1
VPP/MCLR
No!
No!
No!
5
PGC
4
PGD
No!
Interface
Connector
In particular, these guidelines must be followed:
• Do not use pull-ups on PGC/PGD – they will disrupt the voltage levels, since
these lines have 4.7 k pull-down resistors in the debugger.
• Do not use capacitors on PGC/PGD – they will prevent fast transitions on data
and clock lines during programming and debug communications.
• Do not use capacitors on MCLR – they will prevent fast transitions of VPP. A
simple pull-up resistor is generally sufficient.
• Do not use diodes on PGC/PGD – they will prevent bidirectional communication
between the debugger and the target device.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 23
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
2.6
DEBUGGING
There are two steps to using the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system as
a debugger. The first step requires that an application be programmed into the target
device (usually with the PICkit 3 itself). The second step uses the internal in-circuit
debug hardware of the target Flash device to run and test the application program.
These two steps are directly related to the MPLAB X IDE operations:
1. Programming the code into the target and activating special debug functions
(see the next section for details).
2. Using the debugger to set breakpoints and run.
If the target device cannot be programmed correctly, the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer will not be able to debug.
Figure 2-6 shows the basic interconnections required for programming. Note that this
is the same as Figure 2-4, but for the sake of clarity, the VDD and VSS lines from the
debugger are not shown.
FIGURE 2-6:
PROPER CONNECTIONS FOR PROGRAMMING
+5V
Programming
Voltage
VDD
1
Internal Circuits
4.7 k
5
4
VPP/MCLR
PGC
PGD
4.7 k
VSS
A simplified diagram of some of the internal interface circuitry of the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer is shown. For programming, no clock is needed on the target
device, but power must be supplied. When programming, the debugger puts
programming levels on VPP/MCLR, sends clock pulses on PGC, and serial data via
PGD. To verify that the part has been programmed correctly, clocks are sent to PGC
and data is read back from PGD. This conforms to the ICSP protocol of the device
under development.
DS52116A-page 24
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Operation
2.7
REQUIREMENTS FOR DEBUGGING
To debug (set breakpoints, see registers, etc.) with the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer system, there are critical elements that must be working
correctly:
• The debugger must be connected to a PC. It must be powered by the PC via the
USB cable, and it must be communicating with the MPLAB X IDE software via the
USB cable. See Chapter 3. “Debugger Usage” for details.
• The debugger must be connected as shown in Figure 2-6 to the VPP, PGC and
PGD pins of the target device with the modular interface cable (or equivalent).
VSS and VDD are also required to be connected between the debugger and target
device.
• The target device must have power and a functional, running oscillator. If the
target device does not run, for any reason, the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer cannot debug.
• The target device must have its Configuration words programmed correctly:
- The oscillator Configuration bits should correspond to RC, XT, etc., depending
upon the target design.
- For some devices, the Watchdog Timer is enabled by default and needs to be
disabled.
- The target device must not have code protection enabled.
- The target device must not have table read protection enabled.
• PGM (LVP) should be disabled.
When the conditions listed above are met, you may proceed to the following:
• Sequence of Operations Leading to Debugging
• Debugging Details
2.7.1
Sequence of Operations Leading to Debugging
Given that the Requirements for Debugging are met, these actions can be performed
when the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer is set as the current tool from the
MPLAB X IDE menu (Edit>Project Properties, Advanced, MPLAB Environment):
• When Debug>Debug Project is selected, the application code is programmed into
the device’s memory via the ICSP protocol as described at the beginning of this
section.
• A small “debug executive” program is loaded into the high area of program
memory on the target device. Since the debug executive must reside in program
memory, the application program must not use this reserved space. Some devices
have special memory areas dedicated to the debug executive. Check your device
data sheet for details.
• Special “in-circuit debug” registers in the target device are enabled by MPLAB X
IDE. These allow the debug executive to be activated by the debugger. For more
information on the device’s reserved resources, see Section 2.9 “Resources
Used by the Debugger”.
• The target device is run in Debug mode.
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
2.7.2
Debugging Details
Figure 2-7 illustrates the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system when it is
ready to perform debugging.
FIGURE 2-7:
PICkit™ 3 DEBUGGER READY FOR DEBUGGING
VDD
+12V
+5V
1
VPP/MCLR
Internal Circuits
4.7 k
4.7 k
Internal
Debug
Registers
Debug
Executive
PGC
5
Program
Memory
4
Target
must
be
Running
for Debug
Executive
to Function
Area
Reserved
for Debug
Executive
PGD
Hardware
Stack Shared
by Debug Exec
Area Used by
Debug Exec
File
Registers
Typically, to find out whether an application program will run correctly, a breakpoint is
set early in the program code. When a breakpoint is set from the user interface of
MPLAB X IDE, the address of the breakpoint is stored in the special internal debug
registers of the target device. Commands on PGC and PGD communicate directly to
these registers to set the breakpoint address.
Next, the Debug>Debug Project function is selected in MPLAB X IDE. The debugger
tells the debug executive to run. The target starts from the Reset vector and executes
until the program counter reaches the breakpoint address that was stored previously in
the internal debug registers.
After the instruction at the breakpoint address is executed, the in-circuit debug
mechanism of the target device “fires” and transfers the device’s program counter to
the debug executive (much like an interrupt) and the user’s application is effectively
halted. The debugger communicates with the debug executive via PGC and PGD, gets
the breakpoint status information, and sends it back to MPLAB X IDE. MPLAB X IDE
then sends a series of queries to the debugger to get information about the target
device, such as file register contents and the state of the CPU. These queries are
ultimately performed by the debug executive.
The debug executive runs just like an application in program memory. It uses some
locations on the stack for its temporary variables. If the device does not run, for
whatever reason, i.e., no oscillator, faulty power supply connection, shorts on the target
board, etc., then the debug executive cannot communicate to the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer, and MPLAB X IDE will issue an error message.
DS52116A-page 26
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Operation
Another way to get a breakpoint is to select Debug>Pause. This toggles the PGC and
PGD lines so that the in-circuit debug mechanism of the target device switches the
program counter from the user’s code in program memory to the debug executive.
Again, the target application program is effectively halted, and MPLAB X IDE uses the
debugger communications with the debug executive to interrogate the state of the
target device.
2.8
PROGRAMMING
There are three ways to program a device with the PICkit 3 unit:
• Through MPLAB X IDE with the PICkit 3 connected to the PC.
• Through PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go, after setting it up through MPLAB X IDE.
(See Chapter 5. “PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go” for more information.)
• Through PICkit 3 Programmer Application, a software program that allows you to
program devices with PICkit 3 without using MPLAB X IDE. (See “PICkit 3
Programmer Application User’s Guide” for instructions.)
Use the PICkit 3 as a programmer to program an actual (non -ICE/-ICD) device, i.e., a
device not on a header board. Set the PICkit 3 as the current tool (Edit>Project
Properties, Advanced, MPLAB Environment) to perform these actions:
• When Run>Run Project is selected, the application code is programmed into the
device’s memory via the ICSP protocol. No clock is required while programming,
and all modes of the processor can be programmed, including code protect,
Watchdog Timer enabled, and table read protect.
• A small “program executive” program may be loaded into the high area of
program memory for some target device. This increases programming speeds for
devices with large memories.
• Special “in-circuit debug” registers in the target device are disabled by MPLAB X
IDE, along with all debug features. This means that a breakpoint cannot be set,
and register contents cannot be seen or altered.
• The target device is run in Release mode. As a programmer, the debugger can
only toggle the MCLR line to Reset and start the target.
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system programs the target using ICSP.
VPP, PGC and PGD lines should be connected as described previously. No clock is
required while programming, and all modes of the processor can be programmed,
including code protection, Watchdog Timer, and table read protection.
2.9
RESOURCES USED BY THE DEBUGGER
For a complete list of resources used by the debugger for your device, please see
MPLAB X IDE Start Page, click on Release Notes and Support Documentation, then
click on link for the Reserved Resources for PICkit 3.
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DS52116A-page 27
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS52116A-page 28
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 3. Debugger Usage
3.1
INTRODUCTION
The following topics regarding how to install and use the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer system are discussed here.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3.2
Installation and Setup
Common Debug Features
Connecting the Target
Setting Up the Target Board
Setting Up MPLAB X IDE
Starting and Stopping Debugging
Viewing Processor Memory and Files
For more on the Editor, see NetBeans Help, IDE Basics>Basic File Features.
INSTALLATION AND SETUP
Refer to the Help file “Getting Started with MPLAB X IDE” for details on installing the
IDE and setting up the debugger to work with it.
In summary:
1. Install MPLAB X IDE.
2. Connect the PICkit 3 to the PC and allow the default drivers to install. For more
information on target connections, see Chapter 2. “Operation”.
Note:
The debugger can power a target board only up to 100 mA.
3. Install the language toolsuite/compiler you want to use for development.
4. Launch MPLAB X IDE.
5. Use the New Project wizard (File>New Project) to add your “PICkit 3” to your
project.
6. Use the project Properties dialog (File>Project Properties) to set up options.
7. Use the project Properties dialog (File>Project Properties<Hardware tool>) to set
up tool options for programming.
8. Run the project (build and run) from Run>Run Project.
Items of note are:
1. Each debugger contains a unique identifier which, when first installed, will be
recognized by the OS, regardless of which computer USB port is used.
2. MPLAB X IDE operation connects to the hardware tool at runtime (Run or Debug
Run). To always be connected to the hardware tool (like MPLAB IDE v8), see
Tools>Options, Embedded button, Generic Settings tab, “Keep hardware tool
connected” checkbox.
3. Configuration bits can only be viewed in the Configuration Bits window. To set
them in code, select Window>PIC Memory Views. Then, select “Configuration
Bits” from the Memory drop list, and select “Read/Write” from the Format drop list
to enable access to the settings.
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
3.3
COMMON DEBUG FEATURES
Refer to the Help file “Getting Started with MPLAB X IDE”, Debugging Code section,
for details on debug features. This section includes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.4
Debug Running the project (build, program and run) from Debug>Debug Project.
Using breakpoints
Stepping through code
Using the Watch window
Viewing Memory, Variables and the Call Stack
Using the Call Graph
CONNECTING THE TARGET
A connection is built in to select the type of communication with the target. See
Section 2.4 “Debugger to Target Communication” for more details and a diagram.
1. Plug in the USB/power cable, if it is not connected.
2. Attach the communication cable(s) between debugger and target, if using RJ11
plug, or connect directly to a 6-pin in-line header.
FIGURE 3-1:
INSERT COMMUNICATIONS AND USB/POWER CABLES
PICkit 3
1
USB Cable to PC
DS52116A-page 30
2
To Target Board
or Header
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Debugger Usage
3.5
SETTING UP THE TARGET BOARD
3.5.1
Using Production Devices
For production devices, the debugger may be connected directly to the target board.
The device on the target board must have built-in debug circuitry in order to debug with
the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer. Consult the device data sheet to see
whether the device has the necessary debug circuitry, i.e., it should have a
“Background Debugger Enable” Configuration bit.
Note:
In the future, devices with circuitry that support ICD may be used.
The target board must have a connector to accommodate the communications chosen
for the debugger. For connection information, see Section 2.4 “Debugger to Target
Communication”, “Standard ICSP Device Communication”.
3.5.2
Using ICE Devices
For ICE devices, an ICE header board is required. The header board contains the
hardware that is required to emulate a specific device or family of devices. For more
information on ICE headers, see the “Processor Extension Pak and Header
Specification” (DS51292).
Note:
In the future, ICD header boards with ICD devices (Device-ICD) may be
used.
A transition socket is used with the ICE header to connect the header to the target
board. Transition sockets are available in various styles to allow a common header to
be connected to one of the supported surface mount package styles. For more
information on transition sockets, see the “Transition Socket Specification” (DS51194).
Header board layout will be different for headers or processor extension packs. For
connection information, see Section 2.4 “Debugger to Target Communication”,
“Standard ICSP Device Communication”.
3.5.3
Using an ICD Header
All Baseline and some Mid-Range PIC microcontrollers require a special –ICD device
mounted on a debug header circuit board to enable the debugging feature. For a list of
these devices and the required ICD header board part number, please see the
“Processor Extension Pak and Header Specification” (DS51292). The Processor
Extension Pak and Header Specification is available online at www.microchip.com.
Each ICD header board comes with the necessary –ICD device, and it is used on the
target board instead of the production microcontroller. However, most header boards
have an RJ-11 debug connector which requires the AC164110 RJ-11 to ICSP adapter
kit to connect it to PICkit 3. Figure 3-2 illustrates using the AC162061 ICD Header for
the PIC18F45K20 with the AC164110 adapter kit and Low-Pin-Count Demo Board.
Many Mid-Range PIC microcontrollers, and all PIC18 and 16-bit PIC microcontroller
devices, do not require an ICD header and can be debugged directly through the ICSP
programming connections.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 31
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
FIGURE 3-2:
USING AN ICD HEADER BOARD
3.5.4
Powering the Target
These are configuration essentials:
• When using the USB connection, PICkit 3 can be powered from the PC, but it can
only provide a limited amount of current (up to 30 mA) at VDD from 1.8-5V to a
small target board.
• The desired method is for the target to provide VDD since it can provide a higher
current. The additional benefit is that plug-and-play target detection facility is
inherited, i.e., MPLAB X IDE will let you know in the Output window when it has
detected the target and has detected the device.
Note:
The target voltage is only used for powering up the drivers for the ICSP
interface; the target voltage does not power up the PICkit 3. The PICkit 3
power is derived strictly from the USB port.
If you have not already done so, connect the PICkit 3 to the target using the appropriate
cables (see Section 3.4 “Connecting the Target”). Then power the target. You can
also power the target from PICkit 3.
DS52116A-page 32
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Debugger Usage
3.6
SETTING UP MPLAB X IDE
Once the hardware is connected and powered, MPLAB X IDE may be set up for use
with the PICkit 3 in-circuit debugger.
On some devices, you must select the communications channel in the Configuration
bits, e.g., PGC1/EMUC1 and PGD1/EMUD1. Make sure the pins selected here are the
same ones physically connected to the device.
Refer to the MPLAB X IDE Help for details on installing the software and setting up the
debugger to work with it.
3.7
STARTING AND STOPPING DEBUGGING
To debug an application in the MPLAB X IDE, you must create a project containing your
source code so that the code may be built, programmed into your device, and executed
as specified below:
• To run your code, select either Debug>Debug Project or Debug Project from the
Run toolbar.
• To halt your code, select either Debug>Pause or Pause from the Debug toolbar.
• To run your code again, select either Debug>Continue or Continue from the
Debug toolbar.
• To step through your code, select either Debug>Step Into or Step Into from the
Debug toolbar. Be careful not to step into a Sleep instruction or you will have to
perform a processor Reset to resume emulation.
• To step over a line of code, select either Debug>Step Over or Step Over from the
Debug toolbar.
• To end code execution, select either Debug>Finish Debugger Session or Finish
Debugger Session from the Debug toolbar.
• To perform a processor Reset on your code, select either Debug>Reset or Reset
from the Debug toolbar. Additional Resets, such as POR/BOR, MCLR and
System, may be available, depending on the device.
3.8
VIEWING PROCESSOR MEMORY AND FILES
MPLAB X IDE provides several windows for viewing debug and various processor
memory information that are selectable from the Window menu. See MPLAB X IDE
online help for more information on using these windows.
• Window>PIC Memory Views - View data (RAM) and code (ROM) device memory.
Select from RAM, Flash, special function registers (SFRs), CPU, and
Configuration bits.
• Window>Debugging - View debug information. Select from variables, watches,
call stack, breakpoints, and stopwatch.
To view your source code, find the source code file you wish to view in the Project window and double-click to open it in a File window. Code in this window is color-coded
according to the processor and build tool that you have selected. To change the style
of color-coding, select Tools>Options, Fonts & Colors, Syntax tab.
For more on the Editor, see NetBeans Help, IDE Basics>Basic File Features.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 33
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS52116A-page 34
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Debug Express
4.1
INTRODUCTION
The PICkit 3 Debug Express kit works in conjunction with the MPLAB X IDE application
to run, stop and single-step through programs. One or more breakpoints can be set and
the processor can be reset. Once the processor is stopped, the contents of the register
can be examined and modified.
For more information on how to use MPLAB X IDE, reference the following
documentation:
• MPLAB® X IDE User’s Guide (DS51519)
• MPLAB® X IDE Online Help
4.2
PICkit 3 DEBUG EXPRESS KIT CONTENTS
The PICkit 3 Debug Express kit (DV164131) contains the following items:
1. The PICkit 3 Development In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
2. USB cable
3. 44-Pin Demo Board with device
4.3
INSTALLING THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Install the PICkit 3 hardware and software.
Note:
4.3.1
PICkit 3 Debug Express requires MPLAB X IDE version 1.20 or later.
Reserved Resources
Due to the built-in in-circuit debugging capability of ICD devices and the ICSP function
offered by the debugger, the PICkit 3 Debug Express uses some on-chip resources
when debugging.
For a complete list of resources used by the debugger for your device, please see
MPLAB X IDE Start Page, click on Release Notes and Support Documentation, then
click on link for the Reserved Resources for PICkit 3.
4.3.2
Connecting the Demo Board
The PIC18F45K20 included on the 44-Pin Demo Board can be debugged by simply
connecting the demo board to the PICkit 3 as shown in Figure 4-1. (The Explorer 16
board may also be used for debugging.)
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 35
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
FIGURE 4-1:
CONNECTING THE DEMO BOARD TO THE PICkit™ 3
4.3.3
Configuration Bits and Debug Express
PIC microcontroller devices that do not require an ICD Header and may be debugged
directly contain a DEBUG bit in the Configuration Word(s) that enables and disables
the Debug mode on the PIC microcontroller.
This bit is automatically set appropriately by the MPLAB X IDE when using PICkit 3
Debug Express and should not be specified in source code configuration settings.
CAUTION
The DEBUG Configuration bit value should not be specified in source code Configuration settings under normal conditions. Doing so may cause the bit to be asserted when
programming a device outside the debugger. This will cause the device to function
improperly, or not at all, in the application circuit.
Many 16-bit PIC microcontroller devices such as PIC24 and dsPIC33 families have
multiple ICSP programming and debugging port pins labeled PGC1/EMUC1 and
PGD1/EMUD1, PGC2/EMUC2 and PGD2/EMUD2, etc. While any ICSP port may be
used for programming, only one port is active at a time for debugging. The active EMU
port is set in the device Configuration bits. If the active port setting does not match the
EMU port to which the PICkit 3 is connected, the device will be unable to enter Debug
mode. In the MPLAB X IDE Configuration Bits dialog, these bits are usually referred to
as the “Comm Channel Select” bits.
DS52116A-page 36
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 5. PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
5.1
INTRODUCTION
The PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go functionality allows a PIC MCU memory image to be
downloaded into the PICkit 3 for programming later into a specific PIC MCU. No
software or PC is required to program devices once the PICkit 3 programmer is set up
for Programming-To-Go. A USB power source for the PICkit 3 is all that is needed.
Note:
Although the PICkit 3 unit is capable of programming and debugging, when
using the Programming-To-Go feature, you can only program. No
debugging capabilities are available with Programming-To-Go.
Topics discussed in this section are:
•
•
•
•
•
5.2
USB Power for PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go Supported Devices
Setting up PICkit 3 for Programmer-To-Go Operation
Using PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
Exiting Programmer-To-Go Mode
USB POWER FOR PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER-TO-GO
The PICkit 3 programmer hardware does not have the capability to be powered entirely
by the target through the ICSP connector VDD pin. Therefore, it must be powered by a
5V power supply through the USB mini-B port at the top of the PICkit 3 unit. There are
several options for providing power, such as using:
• Any available PC USB port or USB hub port (strictly for power, not for
communication)
• A USB host port on a portable device
• A USB power adapter or charger with a USB mini-B connector, either from an
automotive power jack or an AC wall plug
• A portable battery charge or power source for cell phones or other portable
devices with USB mini-B connector
• A custom battery pack that supplies regulated 5V into the PICkit 3 USB port
5.2.1
Power Requirements
The USB power source should meet the following minimum criteria:
• supplies at least 100 mA of current to the PICkit 3 unit
• provides a steady, regulated 4.5-5.5V output
Note 1:
2:
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Most portable chargers/power devices with their own batteries will not
give an indication when their internal battery voltage gets low and the output drops below 4.5V. Therefore, you must be sure the device’s battery
has sufficient remaining capacity to power the PICkit 3 above 4.5V.
Any battery-based power sources should be disconnected from the
PICkit 3 unit when it is not in use. Otherwise, the PICkit 3 unit will drain
the power source battery.
DS52116A-page 37
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
5.3
PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER-TO-GO SUPPORTED DEVICES
All devices in the following families that are supported by the PICkit 3 with MPLAB X
IDE are also supported for Programmer-To-Go operation. Table 5-1 lists supported
device families and program memory limitations.
TABLE 5-1:
Note 1:
2:
DS52116A-page 38
PROGRAMMER-TO-GO SUPPORTED DEVICES
Supported Families
Supported Parts
Baseline
All1
Midrange
All1
PIC18F
All1
PIC18 J-Series
All1
PIC18 K-Series
All1
PIC24
All1,2
dsPIC33
All1,2
dsPIC30
All1
dsPIC30 SMPS
All1
PIC32
All
Supports all family parts that are supported by MPLAB X IDE. See the
MPLAB X IDE Start page, click the link for Release Notes and Support
Documentation, then click on Device Support.htm for a list of parts supported by the application. Large memory parts are supported.
PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go does not support using the Programming
Executive (Enhanced ICSP) for these devices. When using PICkit 3
Programmer-To-Go with these parts they will be programmed using
low-level ICSP method
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
5.4
SETTING UP PICKIT 3 FOR PROGRAMMER-TO-GO OPERATION
Before downloading a memory image to PICkit 3 for Programmer-To-Go functionality,
the PICkit 3 programmer software options and buffers should be set up as desired
during Programmer-To-Go operation. In fact, it is highly recommended to test by
programming a target device from the software first, with all desired options, to ensure
that the device programs as expected before downloading an image to
Programmer-To-Go. Refer to the MPLAB X IDE online help for information on using
MPLAB X IDE to program a device.
Note:
5.4.1
The PICkit 3 is NOT a production programmer. It should be used for
development purposes only. The Programmer-To-Go operation offers
programming portability for field environments, not for production purposes.
Set Up Programmer-to-Go
From MPLAB X IDE, follow these steps to set up the Programmer-To-Go option:
1. Click on your project and select File>Project Properties. In the Hardware Tool
area, click on the serial number (SN) for the PICkit 3 you want to use for your
project. Click Apply.
FIGURE 5-1:
PICKIT 3 PROJECT PROPERTIES
2. On the left side of the dialog under Categories, click on “PICkit 3”. Now you can
select “Programmer To Go” from the Options categories drop-down menu. See
Figure 5-2.
Note:
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
The Preserve Memories option is not supported in Programmer-To-Go
mode.
DS52116A-page 39
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
3. In the “Image Name” field, type in the name you want to use for your programming image.
FIGURE 5-2:
NAME THE IMAGE
4. Click on the Programmer To Go tab shown in Figure 5-3 to display the setting
you’ve selected for programming the device. If you want to change any of these
settings, use the Project Properties dialog.
FIGURE 5-3:
Programmer To Go Tab
5. Click OK.
DS52116A-page 40
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
5.4.2
Download to PICkit 3 Complete
Use the down arrow next to the Make and Program Device icon and select
“Programmer To Go PICkit3” (see Figure 5-4) to execute an image transfer to the
PICkit 3 unit. Once the image is stored in the PICkit 3, you no longer need MPLAB X
IDE or a PC to program a device. You can take the PICkit 3 to other locations that may
not have a computer and program a device with the push of a button.
FIGURE 5-4:
DOWNLOAD TO PICKIT 3
After you download the image, the Output window displays a message when the
download is complete:
“PICkit 3 is now in Programmer to go mode. The next time you connect to this
unit, you will have the choice to take it out of Programmer to go mode.”
The PICkit 3 unit’s “Active” LED should be blinking to indicate it is in
Programmer-To-Go mode and ready to program.
Disconnect the PICkit 3 from the PC USB port. When any USB power source is applied,
the PICkit 3 unit will power up in Programmer-To-Go mode, indicated by the blinking
“Active” LED.
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5.5
USING PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER-TO-GO
To use PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go to program a target device (when it has been set
up), follow the steps below.
1. Connect a USB power source as discussed in Section 5.2 “USB Power for
PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go” to the PICkit 3 unit.
2. Ensure the PICkit 3 “Power” LED is lit. The “Active” LED blinks once to indicate
the unit is in Programmer-To-Go mode and ready to program.
3. Connect the PICkit 3 unit ICSP connector to the target. Ensure the target is
powered properly if it is not powering from the PICkit 3.
4. Press the PICkit 3 push button to begin programming.
During the programming operation, the PICkit 3 “Status” LED shows orange and
remains lit while the operation is performed.
When the programming operation has completed, the PICkit 3 unit provides feedback
on the operation via the unit LEDs. A green “Status” LED indicates a successful
operation. Red indicates a programming failure. See Table 5-2 for the feedback codes.
TABLE 5-2:
PROGRAMMER-TO-GO OPERATION FEEDBACK CODES
LED Status
“Active”
LED
“Status”
LED
Blue
Green
Single blink
Off
Red
Interpretation
Code
Success/Ready No errors were encountered during the
programming operation.
PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go is ready to
program again.
VDD/VPP Error
PICkit 3 was unable to set the VDD or VPP
voltage to the expected value.
If PICkit 3 is not providing VDD, then the
error must be a VPP error.
See (Section 2.5 “Communication Connections”) for VDD and VPP information.
Device ID Error
PICkit 3 received an unexpected Device ID
from the target.
Check that the target part matches the one
that was selected when the PICkit 3
Programmer-To-Go was set up. This error
may indicate that a bad ICSP connection is
preventing the PICkit 3 from communicating
with the target. Not applicable to Baseline
devices.
Verify Error
The target did not Verify successfully after
programming.
Ensure the target VDD meets the minimum
required. With Baseline devices, this error
may indicate ICSP communication
problems.
Internal Error
An unexpected internal Programmer-To-Go
error occurred.
If it happens a second time, try
downloading to the PICkit 3 again.
Continuous
rapid blinking:
••••••••••••••
Off
Red
2 blinks in
succession:
•• •• •• •• ••
Off
Red
3 blinks in
succession:
••• ••• ••• •••
Off
Red
4 blinks in
succession:
•••• •••• ••••
Note:
DS52116A-page 42
Description
Press the PICkit 3 pushbutton to clear the error code and initiate a new
programming operation.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
PICkit 3 Programmer-To-Go
5.6
EXITING PROGRAMMER-TO-GO MODE
To exit from Programmer-To-Go mode, plug the PICkit 3 unit into a PC USB port and
connect to MPLAB X IDE. Select Run>Run Project and the following message
displays:
“PICkit 3 is in Programmer-to-go mode. The name of the stored image is: ____.
Do you want to stay in Programmer-to-go mode? (Saying no will erase the image
in the PICkit 3.)”
Select No to erase the image and exit Programmer-To-Go mode.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
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NOTES:
DS52116A-page 44
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Part 2 – Troubleshooting
Chapter 6. Troubleshooting First Steps ..................................................................... 47
Chapter 7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ....................................................... 49
Chapter 8. Error Messages.......................................................................................... 53
Chapter 9. Engineering Technical Notes (ETNs) ....................................................... 57
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NOTES:
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 6. Troubleshooting First Steps
6.1
INTRODUCTION
If you are having problems with PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer operation,
start here.
• The 5 Questions to Answer First
• Top 10 Reasons Why You Can’t Debug
• Other Things to Consider
6.2
THE 5 QUESTIONS TO ANSWER FIRST
1. Which device are you working with?
Often an upgrade to a newer version of MPLAB X IDE is required to support
newer devices. That is, yellow light = untested support.
2. Are you using a Microchip demo board or one of your own design?
Have you followed the guidelines regarding resistors/capacitors for
communications connections? See Chapter 2. “Operation”.
3. Have you powered the target?
The debugger cannot power the target if greater than 30 mA.
4. Are you using a USB hub in your set up? Is it powered?
If you continue to have problems, try using the debugger without the hub
(plugged directly into the PC.)
5. Are you using the standard communication cable (RJ-11) shipped with
debugger?
If you have used a longer cable, it could cause communications errors.
6.3
TOP 10 REASONS WHY YOU CAN’T DEBUG
1. The oscillator is not working.
Check your Configuration bits settings for the oscillator. If you are using an external oscillator, try using an internal oscillator. If you are using an internal PLL,
make sure your PLL settings are correct.
2. The target board is not powered.
Check the power cable connection.
3. The VDD voltage is outside the specifications for this device.
See the device programming specification for details.
4. The debugger has become physically disconnected from the PC and/or the
target board.
Check the connections of the communications cables.
5. The device is code-protected.
Check your Configuration bit’s setting for code protection.
6. Debugger to PC communication has been interrupted.
Reconnect to the debugger in MPLAB X IDE.
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
7. The production device that you are trying to debug does not have debugging
capabilities.
Use a debug header instead. (See the “Processor Extension Pak and Header
Specification” that is mentioned in “Recommended Reading”).
8. The target application has somehow become corrupted or contains errors.
For example, the regular linker script was used in the project instead of the
debugger version of the linker script (e.g., 18F8722.lkr was used instead of
18F8722i.lkr). Try rebuilding and reprogramming the target application. Then,
initiate a Power-On-Reset of the target.
9. You do not have the correct PGC/PGD pin pairs programmed in your
Configuration bits (for devices with multiple PGC/PGD pin pairs).
10. Other configuration settings are interfering with debugging.
Any configuration setting that would prevent the target from executing code will
also prevent the debugger from putting the code into Debug mode.
11. Brown-Out Detect voltage is greater than the operating voltage VDD.
This means the device is in Reset and cannot be debugged.
12. The communication connection guidelines in Chapter 2. “Operation” were not
followed.
13. The debugger cannot always perform the action requested.
For example, the debugger cannot set a breakpoint if the target application is
currently running.
6.4
OTHER THINGS TO CONSIDER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
DS52116A-page 48
It is possible the error was a one-time glitch.
Try the operation again.
There may be a problem programming in general.
As a test, switch to Programmer mode and program the target with the simplest
application possible (e.g., a program to blink an LED). If the program will not run,
then you know that something is wrong with the target setup.
It is possible that the target device has been damaged in some way (e.g., over
current.)
Development environments are notoriously hostile to components. Consider
trying another target device.
Microchip Technology Inc. offers demonstration boards to support most of its
microcontrollers.
Consider using one of these boards, which are known to work, to verify correct
PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer functionality.
Review debugger operation to ensure proper application setup.
For more information, see Chapter 2. “Operation”.
If the problem persists, contact Microchip Support.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
7.1
INTRODUCTION
Look here for answers to frequently asked questions about the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer system.
• How Does It Work
• What’s Wrong
7.2
HOW DOES IT WORK
• What's in the silicon that allows it to communicate with the PICkit 3
In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer?
PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer can communicate with Flash silicon via
the ICSP interface. It uses the debug executive downloaded into program or test
memory.
• How is the throughput of the processor affected by having to run the debug
executive?
The debug executive doesn’t run while in Run mode, so there is no throughput
reduction when running your code, i.e., the debugger doesn’t ‘steal’ any cycles
from the target device.
• How does the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer compare with other
in-circuit emulators/debuggers?
Please refer to Section 2.2 “Tools Comparison”.
• Does the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer have complex
breakpoints like other in-circuit emulators/debuggers?
No. But you can break based on a value in a data memory location or program
address.
• Is the PICkit 3 opto isolated or electrically isolated?
No. You cannot apply a floating or high voltage (120V) to the current system.
• What limitations are there with the standard cable?
The standard ICSP RJ-11 cable does not allow for clock speeds greater than
about 15 Mbps.
• Will the PICkit 3 slow down the running of the program?
No, the device will run at any speed that is specified in the device data sheet.
• Is it possible to debug a dsPIC DSC running at any speed?
The PICkit 3 is capable of debugging at any device speed as specified in the
device data sheet.
• What is the function of pin 6, the LVP pin?
Pin 6 is reserved for the LVP (Low-Voltage Programming) connection.
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
7.3
WHAT’S WRONG
• Performing a Verify fails after programming the device. Is this a
programming issue?
If 'Run’ (Run>Run Program) is selected, the device will automatically run immediately after programming. Therefore, if your code changes the flash memory, verification could fail. To prevent the code from running after programming, please
select 'Hold in Reset'.
• My PC went into Power-Down/Hibernate mode, and now my debugger won’t
work. What happened?
When using the debugger for prolonged periods of time, and especially as a
debugger, be sure to disable the Hibernate mode in the Power Options Dialog
window of your PC’s operating system. Go to the Hibernate tab and clear or
uncheck the “Enable hibernation” check box. This will ensure that all
communication is maintained across all the USB subsystem components.
• I set my peripheral to NOT freeze on halt, but it is suddenly freezing. What's
going on?
For dsPIC30F/33F and PIC24F/H devices, a reserved bit in the peripheral control
register (usually, either bit 14 or 5) is used as a Freeze bit by the debugger. If you
have performed a write to the entire register, you may have overwritten this bit.
(The bit is user-accessible in Debug mode.)
To avoid this problem, write only to the bits you wish to change for your application
(BTS, BTC) instead of to the entire register (MOV).
• When using a 16-bit device, an unexpected Reset occurred. How do I
determine what caused it?
Some things to consider:
- To determine a Reset source, check the RCON register.
- Handle traps/interrupts in an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). You should
include trap.c style code, i.e.,
void __attribute__((__interrupt__))
:
void __attribute__((__interrupt__))
:
void __attribute__((__interrupt__))
{
INTCON1bits.OSCFAIL = 0;
while (1);
}
:
void __attribute__((__interrupt__))
{
INTCON1bits.OSCFAIL = 0;
while (1);
}
:
_OscillatorFail(void);
_AltOscillatorFail(void);
_OscillatorFail(void)
//Clear the trap flag
_AltOscillatorFail(void)
- Use ASSERTs.
DS52116A-page 50
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
• I have finished debugging my code. Now I’ve programmed my part, but it
won’t run. What’s wrong?
Some things to consider are:
- Have you selected the debugger as a programmer and then tried to program
a header board? A header board contains an -ICE/-ICD version of the device
and may not function like the actual device. Program only those “regular”
devices with the debugger as a programmer. Regular devices include devices
that have on-board ICE/ICD circuitry; but, are not the special -ICE/-ICD
devices that are found on header boards.
- Have you selected the debugger as a debugger and then tried to program a
production device? Programming a device when the debugger is a debugger
will program a debug executive into program memory and set up other device
features for debug (see Section 2.7.1 “Sequence of Operations Leading to
Debugging”). To program final (release) code, select the debugger as a
programmer.
- Have you selected “Release” from the Build Configuration drop-down list or
Project menu? You must do this for final (release) code. Rebuild your project,
reprogram the device, and try to run your code again.
• How can I manually download the firmware?
You can download it manually. Select File>Project Properties. Under Categories,
click “PICkit 3”, and select “Firmware” from the Option Categories drop-down.
Uncheck “Use Latest Firmware” and click on “Press to browse for a specific firmware version”. Browse for the Firmware File, located in the Directories pane
under MPLABX\mplab_ide\mplablibs\modules\ext\PICKIT3.jar. In the Firmware
Files pane, select the .jam file you want and click OK. Click Reset on the Project
Properties dialog.
• I accidentally disconnected my PICkit 3 while firmware was downloading.
What do I do now?
Reconnect the PICkit 3. It will begin to erase what had been written so it can
restart. This erasing will take about 7 seconds. Please be patient. The LEDs are
all on during this process. When it is done, MPLAB X IDE will recognize the
device and start the recovery process, i.e., begin firmware download.
• My memory window does not reflect changes
In order to see changes in the window, you must do a read of the memory.
• I don’t see my problem here. Now what?
Try the following resources:
- Section 2.9 “Resources Used by the Debugger”
- Section 8.3 “General Corrective Actions”
- Section 8.2 “Specific Error Messages”
- Chapter 9. “Engineering Technical Notes (ETNs)”
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NOTES:
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2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 8. Error Messages
8.1
INTRODUCTION
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer produces various error messages; some
are specific and others can be resolved with general corrective actions. In general, read
any instructions under your error message. If these fail to fix the problem or if there are
no instructions, refer to the following sections.
• Specific Error Messages
• General Corrective Actions
8.2
SPECIFIC ERROR MESSAGES
8.2.1
Debugger-to-Target Communication Errors
Failed to send database
If you receive this error:
1. Try downloading again. It may be a one-time error.
2. Try manually downloading the highest-number .jam file.
If these actions fail to fix the problem, see Section 8.3.2 “Debugger-to-Target
Communication Error Actions”.
8.2.2
Corrupted/Outdated Installation Errors
Failed to download firmware
If the Hex file exists:
• Reconnect and try again.
• If this does not work, the file may be corrupted. Reinstall MPLAB X IDE.
If the Hex file does not exist:
Reinstall MPLAB X IDE.
Unable to download debug executive
If you receive this error while attempting to debug:
1. Deselect the debugger as the debug tool.
2. Close your project, and then close MPLAB X IDE.
3. Restart MPLAB X IDE, and re-open your project.
4. Select the debugger as the debug tool, and try to debug the target device again.
Unable to download program executive
If you receive this error while attempting to program:
1. Deselect the debugger as the programmer.
2. Close your project, and then close MPLAB X IDE.
3. Restart MPLAB X IDE, and re-open your project.
4. Select the debugger as the programmer, and try to program the target device
again.
If these actions fail to fix the problem, see Section 8.3.4 “Corrupted Installation
Actions”.
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8.2.3
Debug Failure Errors
The target device is not ready for debugging. Please check your configuration bit
settings and program the device before proceeding.
You will receive this message if you try to Run before programming your device. If you
receive this message after trying to Run, or immediately after programming your
device, please refer to Section 8.3.6 “Debug Failure Actions”.
The device is code protected.
The device on which you are attempting to operate (read, program, blank check or
verify) is code protected, i.e., the code cannot be read or modified. Check your
Configuration bits settings for code protection.
Disable code protection, set or clear the appropriate Configuration bits in code or in the
Configuration Bits window according to the device data sheet. Then erase and
reprogram the entire device.
8.2.4
Miscellaneous Errors
PICkit 3 is busy. Please wait for the current operation to finish.
If you receive this error when attempting to deselect the debugger as a debugger or
programmer:
1. Wait - give the debugger time to finish any application tasks. Then try to deselect
the debugger again.
2. Select Halt to stop any running applications. Then try to deselect the debugger
again.
3. Unplug the debugger from the PC. Then try to deselect the debugger again.
4. Shut down MPLAB X IDE.
8.3
GENERAL CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
These general corrective actions may solve your problem:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Read/Write Error Actions
Debugger-to-Target Communication Error Actions
Debugger-to-PC Communication Error Actions
Corrupted Installation Actions
USB Port Communication Error Actions
Debug Failure Actions
Internal Error Actions
8.3.1
Read/Write Error Actions
If you receive a read or write error:
1. Did you hit Abort? This can produce read/write errors.
2. Try the action again. It could be a one-time error.
3. Ensure that the target is powered and at the correct voltage levels for the device.
See the device data sheet for required device voltage levels.
4. Ensure that the debugger-to-target connection is correct (PGC and PGD are
connected.)
5. For write failures, ensure that “Erase all before Program” is checked on the
Program Memory tab of the Settings dialog.
6. Ensure that the cables being used are of the correct length.
DS52116A-page 54
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Error Messages
8.3.2
Debugger-to-Target Communication Error Actions
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer and the target device are out-of-sync
with each other.
1. Select Reset and then try the action again.
2. Ensure that the cable(s) in use are the correct length.
8.3.3
Debugger-to-PC Communication Error Actions
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer and MPLAB X IDE are out-of-sync with
each other.
1.
1.
2.
3.
Unplug and then plug in the debugger.
Reconnect to the debugger.
Try the operation again. It is possible that the error was a one time glitch.
The version of MPLAB X IDE installed may be incorrect for the version of firmware loaded on the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer. Follow the steps
outlined in Section 8.3.4 “Corrupted Installation Actions”.
8.3.4
Corrupted Installation Actions
The problem is most likely caused by a incomplete or corrupted installation of MPLAB
X IDE.
1. Uninstall all versions of MPLAB X IDE from the PC.
2. Reinstall the desired MPLAB X IDE version.
3. If the problem persists contact Microchip.
8.3.5
USB Port Communication Error Actions
The problem is most likely caused by a faulty or non-existent communications port.
1. Reconnect to the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
2. Make sure the debugger is physically connected to the PC on the appropriate
USB port.
3. Make sure the appropriate USB port has been selected in the debugger Settings.
4. Make sure the USB port is not in use by another device.
5. If using a USB hub, make sure it is powered.
6. Make sure the USB drivers are loaded.
8.3.6
Debug Failure Actions
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer was unable to perform a debugging
operation. There are numerous reasons why this might occur. See Section 6.3 “Top
10 Reasons Why You Can’t Debug” and Section 6.4 “Other Things to Consider”.
8.3.7
Internal Error Actions
Internal errors are unexpected and should not happen. They are primarily used for
internal Microchip development.
The most likely cause is a corrupted installation (Section 8.3.4 “Corrupted
Installation Actions”).
Another likely cause is exhausted system resources.
1. Try rebooting your system to free up memory.
2. Make sure you have a reasonable amount of free space on your hard drive (and
that it is not overly fragmented.)
If the problem persists contact Microchip.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
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NOTES:
DS52116A-page 56
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Chapter 9. Engineering Technical Notes (ETNs)
The following ETNs are related to the PICkit 3. Please go to the www.microchip.com
site, PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger page and click on the ETN in the Downloads section
for details.
• ETN-32 PICkit 3 Operation at Low Voltage - Modification: Applies to Assembly
#10-00424-R4 or below.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS52116A-page 58
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Part 3 – Reference
Appendix A. Hardware Specification.......................................................................... 61
Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics ............................................................................... 67
Appendix C. Revision History..................................................................................... 69
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NOTES:
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Appendix A. Hardware Specification
A.1
INTRODUCTION
The hardware and electrical specifications of the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer system are detailed.
A.2
HIGHLIGHTS
This chapter discusses:
•
•
•
•
•
A.3
Declaration of Conformity
USB Port/Power
PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
Standard Communication Hardware
Target Board Considerations
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We
Microchip Technology, Inc.
2355 W. Chandler Blvd.
Chandler, Arizona 85224-6199
USA
hereby declare that the product:
PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer
complies with the following standards, provided that the restrictions stated in the
operating manual are observed:
Standards: EN61010-1
Laboratory Equipment
Microchip Technology, Inc.
Date: January 2009
Important Information Concerning the Use of the PICkit 3 In-Circuit
Debugger/Programmer
Due to the special nature of the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer, the user is
advised that it can generate higher than normal levels of electromagnetic radiation
which can interfere with the operation of all kinds of radio and other equipment.
To comply with the European Approval Regulations therefore, the following restrictions
must be observed:
1. The development system must be used only in an industrial (or comparable)
area.
2. The system must not be operated within 20 meters of any equipment which may
be affected by such emissions (radio receivers, TVs etc.).
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
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A.4
USB PORT/POWER
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer is connected to the host PC via a mini
Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, version 2.0 compliant. The USB connector is located
on the top of the pod.
The system is capable of reloading the firmware via the USB interface.
System power is derived from the USB interface. The debugger is classified as a high
power system per the USB specification, and requires slightly more than 100 mA of
power from the USB to function in all operational modes (debugger/programmer).
Note:
The PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer is powered through its USB
connection. The target board is powered from its own supply. Alternatively,
the PICkit 3 can power it only if the target consumes less than 30 mA.
Cable Length – The PC-to-debugger cable length for proper operation is shipped in
the debugger kit.
Powered Hubs – If you are going to use a USB hub, make sure it is self-powered. Also,
USB ports on PC keyboards do not have enough power for the debugger to operate.
PC Hibernate/Power-Down Modes – Disable the Hibernate or other Power Saver
modes on your PC to ensure proper USB communications with the debugger.
A.5
PICKIT 3 IN-CIRCUIT DEBUGGER/PROGRAMMER
The debugger consists of a main board enclosed in the casing with a USB connector
and a single in-line connector. On the debugger enclosure are indicator lights (LEDs).
A.5.1
Main Board
This component has the interface processor with integrated USB 2.0 interface capable
of SPI serial EE for programming into the on-board Flash emulation device and LED
indicators.
A.5.2
Indicator Lights (LEDs)
The indicator lights have the following significance.
LED
DS52116A-page 62
Color
Description
Power
Green
Lit when power is first applied or when target is connected.
Active
Blue
Lit when the PICkit™ 3 has established communication with the
PC or sending/receiving commands.
Status
Green
Lit when the debugger is operating normally – standby.
Orange
Lit when an operation is busy.
Red
Lit when the debugger has failed.
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Hardware Specification
A.6
STANDARD COMMUNICATION HARDWARE
For standard debugger communication with a target (Section 2.4 “Debugger to
Target Communication”, “Standard ICSP Device Communication“), use an adapter
with an RJ-11 connector.
To use this type of communication with a header board, you may need a device-specific
Processor Pak, which includes an 8-pin connector header board containing the desired
ICE/ICD device and a standard adapter board.
Note:
Older header boards used a 6-pin (RJ-11) connector instead of an 6-pin SIL
connector, so these headers may be connected directly to the debugger.
For more on available header boards, see the “Processor Extension Pak and Header
Specification” (DS51292).
A.6.1
Standard Communication
The standard communication is the main interface to the target processor. It contains
the connections to the high voltage (VPP), VDD sense lines, and clock and data
connections required for programming and connecting to the target devices.
The VPP high-voltage lines can produce a variable voltage that can swing from 1.8 to
14 volts to satisfy the voltage requirements for the specific emulation processor.
The VDD sense connection draws current from the target processor.
The clock and data connections are interfaces with the following characteristics:
• Clock and data signals are in High-Impedance mode (even when no power is
applied to the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer system)
• Clock and data signals are protected from high voltages caused by faulty target
systems, or improper connections
• Clock and data signals are protected from high current caused from electrical
shorts in prototype or target systems
FIGURE A-1:
6-PIN STANDARD PINOUT
Standard Socket
2
1
3 5
Bottom of
Target Board
Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
MCLR/VPP
VDD_TGT
GND
PGD (ICSPDAT)
PGC (ICSPCLK)
PGM (LVP)
Function
Power
Power on target
Ground
Standard Com Data
Standard Com Clock
Low Voltage Programming
Target Device
or PIM
Target Board
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Pin
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A.6.2
Modular Cable and Connector
For standard communications, a modular cable connects the debugger and the target
application. The specifications for this cable and its connectors are listed below.
A.6.2.1
MODULAR CONNECTOR SPECIFICATION
• Manufacturer, Part Number – AMP Incorporated, 555165-1
• Distributor, Part Number – Digi-Key, A9031ND
The table within Figure A-2 shows how the modular connector pins on an application
correspond to the microcontroller pins. This configuration provides full ICD
functionality.
FIGURE A-2:
MODULAR CONNECTOR PINOUT OF TARGET BOARD
1 6
Modular
Connector Pin
Microcontroller
Pin
6
PGM (LVP)
5
RB6
4
RB7
3
Ground
2
VDD Target
1
VPP
Front view of Modular Connector
on Target Board
6
1
Bottom view of Modular Connector
Pinout on Target Board
AC164110
Adapter
Mini-USB
cable
to PC
PICkit 3
Device-ICE
Power
Header
Transition Socket
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Target Board
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Hardware Specification
A.6.2.2
MODULAR PLUG SPECIFICATION
• Manufacturer, Part Number – AMP Incorporated, 5-554710-3
• Distributor, Part Number – Digi-Key, A9117ND
A.6.2.3
MODULAR CABLE SPECIFICATION
• Manufacturer, Part Number – Microchip Technology, 07-00024
A.7
TARGET BOARD CONSIDERATIONS
The target board should be powered according to the requirements of the selected
device (1.8V-5.0V) and the application.
Depending on the type of debugger-to-target communications used, there will be some
considerations for target board circuitry:
• Section 2.5.2 “Target Connection Circuitry”
• Section 2.5.5 “Circuits That Will Prevent the Debugger From Functioning”
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NOTES:
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics
PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer schematic diagrams are shown here. Demo board schematics
are found in their respective user’s guides.
FIGURE B-1:
PICkit™ 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (PAGE 1 OF 2)
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FIGURE B-2:
DS52116A-page 68
PICkit™ 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (PAGE 2 OF 2)
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Appendix C. Revision History
Revision A (April 2013)
This is the initial release of this document.
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NOTES:
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Glossary
A
Absolute Section
A GCC compiler section with a fixed (absolute) address that cannot be changed by the
linker.
Absolute Variable/Function
A variable or function placed at an absolute address using the OCG compiler’s @
address syntax.
Access Memory
PIC18 Only – Special registers on PIC18 devices that allow access regardless of the
setting of the Bank Select Register (BSR).
Access Entry Points
Access entry points provide a way to transfer control across segments to a function
which may not be defined at link time. They support the separate linking of boot and
secure application segments.
Address
Value that identifies a location in memory.
Alphabetic Character
Alphabetic characters are those characters that are letters of the arabic alphabet
(a, b, …, z, A, B, …, Z).
Alphanumeric
Alphanumeric characters are comprised of alphabetic characters and decimal digits
(0,1, …, 9).
ANDed Breakpoints
Set up an ANDed condition for breaking, i.e., breakpoint 1 AND breakpoint 2 must
occur at the same time before a program halt. This can only be accomplished if a data
breakpoint and a program memory breakpoint occur at the same time.
Anonymous Structure
16-bit C Compiler – An unnamed structure.
PIC18 C Compiler – An unnamed structure that is a member of a C union. The
members of an anonymous structure may be accessed as if they were members of the
enclosing union. For example, in the following code, hi and lo are members of an
anonymous structure inside the union caster.
union castaway {
int intval;
struct {
char lo; //accessible as caster.lo
char hi; //accessible as caster.hi
};
} caster;
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ANSI
American National Standards Institute is an organization responsible for formulating
and approving standards in the United States.
Application
A set of software and hardware that may be controlled by a PIC® microcontroller.
Archive/Archiver
An archive/library is a collection of relocatable object modules. It is created by
assembling multiple source files to object files, and then using the archiver/librarian to
combine the object files into one archive/library file. An archive/library can be linked
with object modules and other archives/libraries to create executable code.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character set encoding that
uses 7 binary digits to represent each character. It includes upper and lower case
letters, digits, symbols and control characters.
Assembly/Assembler
Assembly is a programming language that describes binary machine code in a
symbolic form. An assembler is a language tool that translates assembly language
source code into machine code.
Assigned Section
A GCC compiler section which has been assigned to a target memory block in the linker
command file.
Asynchronously
Multiple events that do not occur at the same time. This is generally used to refer to
interrupts that may occur at any time during processor execution.
Asynchronous Stimulus
Data generated to simulate external inputs to a simulator device.
Attribute
GCC Characteristics of variables or functions in a C program which are used to
describe machine-specific properties.
Attribute, Section
GCC Characteristics of sections, such as “executable”, “readonly”, or “data” that can
be specified as flags in the assembler .section directive.
B
Binary
The base two numbering system that uses the digits 0-1. The rightmost digit counts
ones, the next counts multiples of 2, then 22 = 4, etc.
Bookmarks
Use bookmarks to easily locate specific lines in a file.
Select Toggle Bookmarks on the Editor toolbar to add/remove bookmarks. Click other
icons on this toolbar to move to the next or previous bookmark.
Breakpoint
Hardware Breakpoint: An event whose execution will cause a halt.
Software Breakpoint: An address where execution of the firmware will halt. Usually
achieved by a special break instruction.
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Glossary
Build
Compile and link all the source files for an application.
C
C\C++
C is a general-purpose programming language which features economy of expression,
modern control flow and data structures, and a rich set of operators. C++ is the
object-oriented version of C.
Calibration Memory
A special function register or registers used to hold values for calibration of a PIC
microcontroller on-board RC oscillator or other device peripherals.
Central Processing Unit
The part of a device that is responsible for fetching the correct instruction for execution,
decoding that instruction, and then executing that instruction. When necessary, it works
in conjunction with the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) to complete the execution of the
instruction. It controls the program memory address bus, the data memory address
bus, and accesses to the stack.
Clean
Clean removes all intermediary project files, such as object, hex and debug files, for
the active project. These files are recreated from other files when a project is built.
COFF
Common Object File Format. An object file of this format contains machine code,
debugging and other information.
Command Line Interface
A means of communication between a program and its user based solely on textual
input and output.
Compiled Stack
A region of memory managed by the compiler in which variables are statically allocated
space. It replaces a software or hardware stack when such mechanisms cannot be
efficiently implemented on the target device.
Compiler
A program that translates a source file written in a high-level language into machine
code.
Conditional Assembly
Assembly language code that is included or omitted based on the assembly-time value
of a specified expression.
Conditional Compilation
The act of compiling a program fragment only if a certain constant expression, specified
by a preprocessor directive, is true.
Configuration Bits
Special-purpose bits programmed to set PIC microcontroller modes of operation. A
Configuration bit may or may not be preprogrammed.
Control Directives
Directives in assembly language code that cause code to be included or omitted based
on the assembly-time value of a specified expression.
CPU
See Central Processing Unit.
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Cross Reference File
A file that references a table of symbols and a list of files that references the symbol. If
the symbol is defined, the first file listed is the location of the definition. The remaining
files contain references to the symbol.
D
Data Directives
Data directives are those that control the assembler’s allocation of program or data
memory and provide a way to refer to data items symbolically; that is, by meaningful
names.
Data Memory
On Microchip MCU and DSC devices, data memory (RAM) is comprised of General
Purpose Registers (GPRs) and Special Function Registers (SFRs). Some devices also
have EEPROM data memory.
Data Monitor and Control Interface (DMCI)
The Data Monitor and Control Interface, or DMCI, is a tool in MPLAB X IDE. The
interface provides dynamic input control of application variables in projects.
Application-generated data can be viewed graphically using any of 4
dynamically-assignable graph windows.
Debug/Debugger
See ICE/ICD.
Debugging Information
Compiler and assembler options that, when selected, provide varying degrees of
information used to debug application code. See compiler or assembler documentation
for details on selecting debug options.
Deprecated Features
Features that are still supported for legacy reasons, but will eventually be phased out
and no longer used.
Device Programmer
A tool used to program electrically programmable semiconductor devices such as
microcontrollers.
Digital Signal Controller
A A digital signal controller (DSC) is a microcontroller device with digital signal
processing capability, i.e., Microchip dsPIC DSC devices.
Digital Signal Processing\Digital Signal Processor
Digital signal processing (DSP) is the computer manipulation of digital signals,
commonly analog signals (sound or image) which have been converted to digital form
(sampled). A digital signal processor is a microprocessor that is designed for use in
digital signal processing.
Directives
Statements in source code that provide control of the language tool’s operation.
Download
Download is the process of sending data from a host to another device, such as an
emulator, programmer or target board.
DWARF
Debug With Arbitrary Record Format. DWARF is a debug information format for ELF
files.
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Glossary
E
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. A special type of PROM that
can be erased electrically. Data is written or erased one byte at a time. EEPROM
retains its contents even when power is turned off.
ELF
Executable and Linking Format. An object file of this format contains machine code.
Debugging and other information is specified in with DWARF. ELF/DWARF provide
better debugging of optimized code than COFF.
Emulation/Emulator
See ICE/ICD.
Endianness
The ordering of bytes in a multi-byte object.
Environment
MPLAB PM3 – A folder containing files on how to program a device. This folder can be
transferred to a SD/MMC card.
Epilogue
A portion of compiler-generated code that is responsible for deallocating stack space,
restoring registers and performing any other machine-specific requirement specified in
the runtime model. This code executes after any user code for a given function,
immediately prior to the function return.
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. A programmable read-only memory that
can be erased usually by exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Error/Error File
An error reports a problem that makes it impossible to continue processing your
program. When possible, an error identifies the source file name and line number
where the problem is apparent. An error file contains error messages and diagnostics
generated by a language tool.
Event
A description of a bus cycle which may include address, data, pass count, external
input, cycle type (fetch, R/W), and time stamp. Events are used to describe triggers,
breakpoints and interrupts.
Executable Code
Software that is ready to be loaded for execution.
Export
Send data out of the MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE in a standardized format.
Expressions
Combinations of constants and/or symbols separated by arithmetic or logical
operators.
Extended Microcontroller Mode
In Extended Microcontroller mode, on-chip program memory as well as external
memory is available. Execution automatically switches to external if the program
memory address is greater than the internal memory space of the PIC18 device.
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Extended Mode (PIC18 MCUs)
In Extended mode, the compiler will utilize the extended instructions (i.e., ADDFSR,
ADDULNK, CALLW, MOVSF, MOVSS, PUSHL, SUBFSR and SUBULNK) and the indexed
with literal offset addressing.
External Label
A label that has external linkage.
External Linkage
A function or variable has external linkage if it can be referenced from outside the
module in which it is defined.
External Symbol
A symbol for an identifier which has external linkage. This may be a reference or a
definition.
External Symbol Resolution
A process performed by the linker in which external symbol definitions from all input
modules are collected in an attempt to resolve all external symbol references. Any
external symbol references which do not have a corresponding definition cause a linker
error to be reported.
External Input Line
An external input signal logic probe line (TRIGIN) for setting an event based upon
external signals.
External RAM
Off-chip Read/Write memory.
F
Fatal Error
An error that will halt compilation immediately. No further messages will be produced.
File Registers
On-chip data memory, including General Purpose Registers (GPRs) and Special
Function Registers (SFRs).
Filter
Determine by selection what data is included/excluded in a trace display or data file.
Fixup
The process of replacing object file symbolic references with absolute addresses after
relocation by the linker.
Flash
A type of EEPROM where data is written or erased in blocks instead of bytes.
FNOP
Forced No Operation. A forced NOP cycle is the second cycle of a two-cycle
instruction. Since the PIC microcontroller architecture is pipelined, it prefetches the
next instruction in the physical address space while it is executing the current
instruction. However, if the current instruction changes the program counter, this
prefetched instruction is explicitly ignored, causing a forced NOP cycle.
Frame Pointer
A pointer that references the location on the stack that separates the stack-based
arguments from the stack-based local variables. Provides a convenient base from
which to access local variables and other values for the current function.
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Glossary
Free-Standing
An implementation that accepts any strictly conforming program that does not use
complex types and in which the use of the features specified in the library clause (ANSI
‘89 standard clause 7) is confined to the contents of the standard headers <float.h>,
<iso646.h>, <limits.h>, <stdarg.h>, <stdbool.h>, <stddef.h> and
<stdint.h>.
G
GPR
General Purpose Register. The portion of device data memory (RAM) available for
general use.
H
Halt
A stop of program execution. Executing Halt is the same as stopping at a breakpoint.
Heap
An area of memory used for dynamic memory allocation where blocks of memory are
allocated and freed in an arbitrary order determined at runtime.
Hex Code\Hex File
Hex code is executable instructions stored in a hexadecimal format code. Hex code is
contained in a hex file.
Hexadecimal
The base 16 numbering system that uses the digits 0-9 plus the letters A-F (or a-f). The
digits A-F represent hexadecimal digits with values of (decimal) 10 to 15. The rightmost
digit counts ones, the next counts multiples of 16, then 162 = 256, etc.
High Level Language
A language for writing programs that is further removed from the processor than
assembly.
I
ICE/ICD
In-Circuit Emulator/In-Circuit Debugger: A hardware tool that debugs and programs a
target device. An emulator has more features than an debugger, such as trace.
In-Circuit Emulation/In-Circuit Debug: The act of emulating or debugging with an
in-circuit emulator or debugger.
-ICE/-ICD: A device (MCU or DSC) with on-board in-circuit emulation or debug circuitry.
This device is always mounted on a header board and used to debug with an in-circuit
emulator or debugger.
ICSP
In-Circuit Serial Programming. A method of programming Microchip embedded
devices using serial communication and a minimum number of device pins.
IDE
Integrated Development Environment, as in MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE.
Identifier
A function or variable name.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
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Import
Bring data into the MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE from an outside source, such as from a
hex file.
Initialized Data
Data which is defined with an initial value. In C,
int myVar=5;
defines a variable which will reside in an initialized data section.
Instruction Set
The collection of machine language instructions that a particular processor
understands.
Instructions
A sequence of bits that tells a central processing unit to perform a particular operation
and can contain data to be used in the operation.
Internal Linkage
A function or variable has internal linkage if it can not be accessed from outside the
module in which it is defined.
International Organization for Standardization
An organization that sets standards in many businesses and technologies, including
computing and communications. Also known as ISO.
Interrupt
A signal to the CPU that suspends the execution of a running application and transfers
control to an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) so that the event may be processed. Upon
completion of the ISR, normal execution of the application resumes.
Interrupt Handler
A routine that processes special code when an interrupt occurs.
Interrupt Service Request (IRQ)
An event which causes the processor to temporarily suspend normal instruction
execution and to start executing an interrupt handler routine. Some processors have
several interrupt request events allowing different priority interrupts.
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
Language tools – A function that handles an interrupt.
MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE – User-generated code that is entered when an interrupt
occurs. The location of the code in program memory will usually depend on the type of
interrupt that has occurred.
Interrupt Vector
Address of an interrupt service routine or interrupt handler.
L
L-value
An expression that refers to an object that can be examined and/or modified. An l-value
expression is used on the left-hand side of an assignment.
Latency
The time between an event and its response.
Library/Librarian
See Archive/Archiver.
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Glossary
Linker
A language tool that combines object files and libraries to create executable code,
resolving references from one module to another.
Linker Script Files
Linker script files are the command files of a linker. They define linker options and
describe available memory on the target platform.
Listing Directives
Listing directives are those directives that control the assembler listing file format. They
allow the specification of titles, pagination and other listing control.
Listing File
A listing file is an ASCII text file that shows the machine code generated for each C
source statement, assembly instruction, assembler directive, or macro encountered in
a source file.
Little Endian
A data ordering scheme for multibyte data whereby the least significant byte is stored
at the lower addresses.
Local Label
A local label is one that is defined inside a macro with the LOCAL directive. These
labels are particular to a given instance of a macro’s instantiation. In other words, the
symbols and labels that are declared as local are no longer accessible after the ENDM
macro is encountered.
Logic Probes
Up to 14 logic probes can be connected to some Microchip emulators. The logic probes
provide external trace inputs, trigger output signal, +5V, and a common ground.
Loop-Back Test Board
Used to test the functionality of the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator.
LVDS
Low Voltage Differential Signaling. A low noise, low-power, low amplitude method for
high-speed (gigabits per second) data transmission over copper wire.
With standard I/0 signaling, data storage is contingent upon the actual voltage level.
Voltage level can be affected by wire length (longer wires increase resistance, which
lowers voltage). But with LVDS, data storage is distinguished only by positive and
negative voltage values, not the voltage level. Therefore, data can travel over greater
lengths of wire while maintaining a clear and consistent data stream.
Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/LVDS.html.
M
Machine Code
The representation of a computer program that is actually read and interpreted by the
processor. A program in binary machine code consists of a sequence of machine
instructions (possibly interspersed with data). The collection of all possible instructions
for a particular processor is known as its “instruction set”.
Machine Language
A set of instructions for a specific central processing unit, designed to be usable by a
processor without being translated.
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Macro
Macro instruction. An instruction that represents a sequence of instructions in
abbreviated form.
Macro Directives
Directives that control the execution and data allocation within macro body definitions.
Makefile
Export to a file the instructions to Make the project. Use this file to Make your project
outside of MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE, i.e., with a make.
Make Project
A command that rebuilds an application, recompiling only those source files that have
changed since the last complete compilation.
MCU
Microcontroller Unit. An abbreviation for microcontroller. Also uC.
Memory Model
For C compilers, a representation of the memory available to the application. For the
PIC18 C compiler, a description that specifies the size of pointers that point to program
memory.
Message
Text displayed to alert you to potential problems in language tool operation. A message
will not stop operation.
Microcontroller
A highly integrated chip that contains a CPU, RAM, program memory, I/O ports and
timers.
Microcontroller Mode
One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers. In
Microcontroller mode, only internal execution is allowed. Thus, only the on-chip
program memory is available in Microcontroller mode.
Microprocessor Mode
One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers. In
Microprocessor mode, the on-chip program memory is not used. The entire program
memory is mapped externally.
Mnemonics
Text instructions that can be translated directly into machine code. Also referred to as
opcodes.
Module
The preprocessed output of a source file after preprocessor directives have been
executed. Also known as a translation unit.
MPASM™ Assembler
Microchip Technology’s relocatable macro assembler for PIC microcontroller devices,
KeeLoq® devices and Microchip memory devices.
MPLAB Language Tool for Device
Microchip’s C compilers, assemblers and linkers for specified devices. Select the type
of language tool based on the device you will be using for your application, e.g., if you
will be creating C code on a PIC18 MCU, select the MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18
MCUs.
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Glossary
MPLAB ICD
Microchip in-circuit debugger that works with MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE. See ICE/ICD.
MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE
Microchip’s Integrated Development Environment. MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE comes
with an editor, project manager and simulator.
MPLAB PM3
A device programmer from Microchip. Programs PIC18 microcontrollers and dsPIC
digital signal controllers. Can be used with MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE or stand-alone.
Replaces PRO MATE II.
MPLAB REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator
Microchip’s next-generation in-circuit emulator that works with MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X
IDE. See ICE/ICD.
MPLAB SIM
Microchip’s simulator that works with MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE in support of PIC MCU
and dsPIC DSC devices.
MPLIB™ Object Librarian
Microchip’s librarian that can work with MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE. MPLIB librarian is
an object librarian for use with COFF object modules created using either MPASM
assembler (mpasm or mpasmwin v2.0) or MPLAB C18 C Compiler.
MPLINK™ Object Linker
MPLINK linker is an object linker for the Microchip MPASM assembler and the
Microchip C18 C compiler. MPLINK linker also may be used with the Microchip MPLIB
librarian. MPLINK linker is designed to be used with MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE, though
it does not have to be.
MRU
Most Recently Used. Refers to files and windows available to be selected from MPLAB
IDE/MPLAB X IDE main pull down menus.
N
Native Data Size
For Native trace, the size of the variable used in a Watch window must be of the same
size as the selected device’s data memory: bytes for PIC18 devices and words for
16-bit devices.
Nesting Depth
The maximum level to which macros can include other macros.
Node
MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE project component.
Non-Extended Mode (PIC18 MCUs)
In Non-Extended mode, the compiler will not utilize the extended instructions nor the
indexed with literal offset addressing.
Non Real Time
Refers to the processor at a breakpoint or executing single-step instructions or MPLAB
IDE/MPLAB X IDE being run in Simulator mode.
Non-Volatile Storage
A storage device whose contents are preserved when its power is off.
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NOP
No Operation. An instruction that has no effect when executed except to advance the
program counter.
O
Object Code/Object File
Object code is the machine code generated by an assembler or compiler. An object file
is a file containing machine code and possibly debug information. It may be
immediately executable or it may be relocatable, requiring linking with other object files,
e.g., libraries, to produce a complete executable program.
Object File Directives
Directives that are used only when creating an object file.
Octal
The base 8 number system that only uses the digits 0-7. The rightmost digit counts
ones, the next digit counts multiples of 8, then 82 = 64, etc.
Off-Chip Memory
Off-chip memory refers to the memory selection option for the PIC18 device where
memory may reside on the target board, or where all program memory may be supplied
by the emulator. The Memory tab accessed from Options>Development Mode
provides the Off-Chip Memory selection dialog box.
Opcodes
Operational Codes. See Mnemonics.
Operators
Symbols, like the plus sign ‘+’ and the minus sign ‘-’, that are used when forming
well-defined expressions. Each operator has an assigned precedence that is used to
determine order of evaluation.
OTP
One Time Programmable. EPROM devices that are not in windowed packages. Since
EPROM needs ultraviolet light to erase its memory, only windowed devices are
erasable.
P
Pass Counter
A counter that decrements each time an event (such as the execution of an instruction
at a particular address) occurs. When the pass count value reaches zero, the event is
satisfied. You can assign the Pass Counter to break and trace logic, and to any
sequential event in the complex trigger dialog.
PC
Personal Computer or Program Counter.
PC Host
Any PC running a supported Windows operating system.
Persistent Data
Data that is never cleared or initialized. Its intended use is so that an application can
preserve data across a device Reset.
Phantom Byte
An unimplemented byte in the dsPIC architecture that is used when treating the 24-bit
instruction word as if it were a 32-bit instruction word. Phantom bytes appear in dsPIC
hex files.
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Glossary
PIC MCUs
PIC microcontrollers (MCUs) refers to all Microchip microcontroller families.
PICkit 2 and 3
Microchip’s developmental device programmers with debug capability through Debug
Express. See the Readme files for each tool to see which devices are supported.
Plug-ins
The MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE has both built-in components and plug-in modules to
configure the system for a variety of software and hardware tools. Several plug-in tools
may be found under the Tools menu.
Pod
The enclosure for an in-circuit emulator or debugger. Other names are “Puck”, if the
enclosure is round, and “Probe”, not be confused with logic probes.
Power-on-Reset Emulation
A software randomization process that writes random values in data RAM areas to
simulate uninitialized values in RAM upon initial power application.
Pragma
A directive that has meaning to a specific compiler. Often a pragma is used to convey
implementation-defined information to the compiler. MPLAB C30 uses attributes to
convey this information.
Precedence
Rules that define the order of evaluation in expressions.
Production Programmer
A production programmer is a programming tool that has resources designed in to
program devices rapidly. It has the capability to program at various voltage levels and
completely adheres to the programming specification. Programming a device as fast
as possible is of prime importance in a production environment where time is of the
essence as the application circuit moves through the assembly line.
Profile
For MPLAB SIM simulator, a summary listing of executed stimulus by register.
Program Counter
The location that contains the address of the instruction that is currently executing.
Program Counter Unit
16-bit assembler – A conceptual representation of the layout of program memory. The
program counter increments by 2 for each instruction word. In an executable section,
2 program counter units are equivalent to 3 bytes. In a read-only section, 2 program
counter units are equivalent to 2 bytes.
Program Memory
MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE – The memory area in a device where instructions are
stored. Also, the memory in the emulator or simulator containing the downloaded target
application firmware.
16-bit assembler/compiler – The memory area in a device where instructions are
stored.
Project
A project contains the files needed to build an application (source code, linker script
files, etc.) along with their associations to various build tools and build options.
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Prologue
A portion of compiler-generated code that is responsible for allocating stack space,
preserving registers and performing any other machine-specific requirement specified
in the runtime model. This code executes before any user code for a given function.
Prototype System
A term referring to a user's target application, or target board.
Psect
The OCG equivalent of a GCC section, short for program section. A block of code or
data which is treated as a whole by the linker.
PWM Signals
Pulse Width Modulation Signals. Certain PIC MCU devices have a PWM peripheral.
Q
Qualifier
An address or an address range used by the Pass Counter or as an event before
another operation in a complex trigger.
R
Radix
The number base, hex, or decimal, used in specifying an address.
RAM
Random Access Memory (Data Memory). Memory in which information can be
accessed in any order.
Raw Data
The binary representation of code or data associated with a section.
Read Only Memory
Memory hardware that allows fast access to permanently stored data but prevents
addition to or modification of the data.
Real Time
When an in-circuit emulator or debugger is released from the halt state, the processor
runs in Real Time mode and behaves exactly as the normal chip would behave. In Real
Time mode, the real time trace buffer of an emulator is enabled and constantly captures
all selected cycles, and all break logic is enabled. In an in-circuit emulator or debugger,
the processor executes in real time until a valid breakpoint causes a halt, or until the
user halts the execution.
In the simulator, real time simply means execution of the microcontroller instructions as
fast as they can be simulated by the host CPU.
Recursive Calls
A function that calls itself, either directly or indirectly.
Recursion
The concept that a function or macro, having been defined, can call itself. Great care
should be taken when writing recursive macros; it is easy to get caught in an infinite
loop where there will be no exit from the recursion.
Reentrant
A function that may have multiple, simultaneously active instances. This may happen
due to either direct or indirect recursion or through execution during interrupt
processing.
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Glossary
Relaxation
The process of converting an instruction to an identical, but smaller instruction. This is
useful for saving on code size. MPLAB ASM30 currently knows how to RELAX a CALL
instruction into an RCALL instruction. This is done when the symbol that is being called
is within +/- 32k instruction words from the current instruction.
Relocatable
An object whose address has not been assigned to a fixed location in memory.
Relocatable Section
16-bit assembler – A section whose address is not fixed (absolute). The linker assigns
addresses to relocatable sections through a process called relocation.
Relocation
A process performed by the linker in which absolute addresses are assigned to
relocatable sections and all symbols in the relocatable sections are updated to their
new addresses.
ROM
Read Only Memory (Program Memory). Memory that cannot be modified.
Run
The command that releases the emulator from halt, allowing it to run the application
code and change or respond to I/O in real time.
Run-time Model
Describes the use of target architecture resources.
Runtime Watch
A Watch window where the variables change in as the application is run. See individual
tool documentation to determine how to set up a runtime watch. Not all tools support
runtime watches.
S
Scenario
For MPLAB SIM simulator, a particular setup for stimulus control.
Section
The GCC equivalent of an OCG psect. A block of code or data which is treated as a
whole by the linker.
Section Attribute
A GCC characteristic ascribed to a section (e.g., an access section).
Sequenced Breakpoints
Breakpoints that occur in a sequence. Sequence execution of breakpoints is
bottom-up; the last breakpoint in the sequence occurs first.
Serialized Quick Turn Programming
Serialization allows you to program a serial number into each microcontroller device
that the Device Programmer programs. This number can be used as an entry code,
password or ID number.
Shell
The MPASM assembler shell is a prompted input interface to the macro assembler.
There are two MPASM assembler shells: one for the DOS version and one for the
Windows version.
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MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 User’s Guide
Simulator
A software program that models the operation of devices.
Single Step
This command steps though code, one instruction at a time. After each instruction,
MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE updates register windows, watch variables, and status
displays so you can analyze and debug instruction execution. You can also single step
C compiler source code, but instead of executing single instructions, MPLAB
IDE/MPLAB X IDE will execute all assembly level instructions generated by the line of
the high level C statement.
Skew
The information associated with the execution of an instruction appears on the
processor bus at different times. For example, the executed opcodes appears on the
bus as a fetch during the execution of the previous instruction, the source data address
and value and the destination data address appear when the opcodes is actually
executed, and the destination data value appears when the next instruction is
executed. The trace buffer captures the information that is on the bus at one instance.
Therefore, one trace buffer entry will contain execution information for three
instructions. The number of captured cycles from one piece of information to another
for a single instruction execution is referred to as the skew.
Skid
When a hardware breakpoint is used to halt the processor, one or more additional
instructions may be executed before the processor halts. The number of extra
instructions executed after the intended breakpoint is referred to as the skid.
Source Code
The form in which a computer program is written by the programmer. Source code is
written in a formal programming language which can be translated into machine code
or executed by an interpreter.
Source File
An ASCII text file containing source code.
Special Function Registers (SFRs)
The portion of data memory (RAM) dedicated to registers that control I/O processor
functions, I/O status, timers or other modes or peripherals.
SQTP
See Serialized Quick Turn Programming.
Stack, Hardware
Locations in PIC microcontroller where the return address is stored when a function call
is made.
Stack, Software
Memory used by an application for storing return addresses, function parameters, and
local variables. This memory is dynamically allocated at runtime by instructions in the
program. It allows for reentrant function calls.
Stack, Compiled
A region of memory managed and allocated by the compiler in which variables are
statically assigned space. It replaces a software stack when such mechanisms cannot
be efficiently implemented on the target device. It precludes reentrancy.
MPLAB Starter Kit for Device
Microchip’s starter kits contains everything needed to begin exploring the specified
device. View a working application and then debug and program you own changes.
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Glossary
Static RAM or SRAM
Static Random Access Memory. Program memory you can read/write on the target
board that does not need refreshing frequently.
Status Bar
The Status Bar is located on the bottom of the MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE window and
indicates such current information as cursor position, Development mode and device,
and active tool bar.
Step Into
This command is the same as Single Step. Step Into (as opposed to Step Over) follows
a CALL instruction into a subroutine.
Step Over
Step Over allows you to debug code without stepping into subroutines. When stepping
over a CALL instruction, the next breakpoint will be set at the instruction after the CALL.
If for some reason the subroutine gets into an endless loop or does not return properly,
the next breakpoint will never be reached. The Step Over command is the same as
Single Step except for its handling of CALL instructions.
Step Out
Step Out allows you to step out of a subroutine which you are currently stepping
through. This command executes the rest of the code in the subroutine and then stops
execution at the return address to the subroutine.
Stimulus
Input to the simulator, i.e., data generated to exercise the response of simulation to
external signals. Often the data is put into the form of a list of actions in a text file.
Stimulus may be asynchronous, synchronous (pin), clocked and register.
Stopwatch
A counter for measuring execution cycles.
Storage Class
Determines the lifetime of the memory associated with the identified object.
Storage Qualifier
Indicates special properties of the objects being declared (e.g., const).
Symbol
A symbol is a general purpose mechanism for describing the various pieces which
comprise a program. These pieces include function names, variable names, section
names, file names, struct/enum/union tag names, etc. Symbols in MPLAB IDE/MPLAB
X IDE refer mainly to variable names, function names and assembly labels. The value
of a symbol after linking is its value in memory.
Symbol, Absolute
Represents an immediate value such as a definition through the assembly .equ
directive.
System Window Control
The system window control is located in the upper left corner of windows and some
dialogs. Clicking on this control usually pops up a menu that has the items “Minimize,”
“Maximize,” and “Close.”
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T
Target
Refers to user hardware.
Target Application
Software residing on the target board.
Target Board
The circuitry and programmable device that makes up the target application.
Target Processor
The microcontroller device on the target application board.
Template
Lines of text that you build for inserting into your files at a later time. The MPLAB Editor
stores templates in template files.
Tool Bar
A row or column of icons that you can click on to execute MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE
functions.
Trace
An emulator or simulator function that logs program execution. The emulator logs
program execution into its trace buffer which is uploaded to MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X
IDE’s trace window.
Trace Memory
Trace memory contained within the emulator. Trace memory is sometimes called the
trace buffer.
Trace Macro
A macro that will provide trace information from emulator data. Since this is a software
trace, the macro must be added to code, the code must be recompiled or reassembled,
and the target device must be programmed with this code before trace will work.
Trigger Output
Trigger output refers to an emulator output signal that can be generated at any address
or address range, and is independent of the trace and breakpoint settings. Any number
of trigger output points can be set.
Trigraphs
Three-character sequences, all starting with ??, that are defined by ISO C as
replacements for single characters.
U
Unassigned Section
A section which has not been assigned to a specific target memory block in the linker
command file. The linker must find a target memory block in which to allocate an
unassigned section.
Uninitialized Data
Data which is defined without an initial value. In C,
int myVar;
defines a variable which will reside in an uninitialized data section.
Upload
The Upload function transfers data from a tool, such as an emulator or programmer, to
the host PC or from the target board to the emulator.
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Glossary
USB
Universal Serial Bus. An external peripheral interface standard for communication
between a computer and external peripherals over a cable using bi-serial transmission.
USB 1.0/1.1 supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. Also referred to as high-speed
USB, USB 2.0 supports data rates up to 480 Mbps.
V
Vector
The memory locations that an application will jump to when either a Reset or interrupt
occurs.
Volatile
A variable qualifier which prevents the compiler applying optimizations that affect how
the variable is accessed in memory.
W
Warning
MPLAB IDE/MPLAB X IDE – An alert that is provided to warn you of a situation that
would cause physical damage to a device, software file, or equipment.
16-bit assembler/compiler – Warnings report conditions that may indicate a problem,
but do not halt processing. In MPLAB C30, warning messages report the source file
name and line number, but include the text ‘warning:’ to distinguish them from error
messages.
Watch Variable
A variable that you may monitor during a debugging session in a Watch window.
Watch Window
Watch windows contain a list of watch variables that are updated at each breakpoint.
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
A timer on a PIC microcontroller that resets the processor after a selectable length of
time. The WDT is enabled or disabled and set up using Configuration bits.
Workbook
For MPLAB SIM stimulator, a setup for generation of SCL stimulus.
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NOTES:
DS52116A-page 90
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
MPLAB® X PICkit™ 3 USER’S GUIDE
Index
Numerics
L
44-Pin Demo Board ................................................. 35
LEDs .................................................................. 15, 62
C
M
Cables
Length ..........................................................62, 65
Capacitors ...........................................................22, 23
Circuits That Will Prevent the Debugger From Functioning ................................................................... 23
Code Protect ............................................................ 25
Configuration Bits..................................................... 25
Configuration bits set in code................................... 29
Connector, 6-Pin ...................................................... 15
Memory window does not reflect changes ............... 51
Modular Interface Cable........................................... 25
D
Debug
Executive .......................................................... 26
Debug Express ........................................................ 35
Debug Mode
Sequence of Operations ................................... 25
Debug, Top Reasons Why You Can’t ...................... 47
Documentation
Conventions ........................................................ 9
Layout ................................................................. 8
Driver Board
Standard ........................................................... 63
Durability, Card Guide.............................................. 62
P
PC, Power Down................................................ 50, 62
PGC ............................................ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
PGD ............................................ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
PICkit 3 Components ............................................... 16
PICkit 3 Defined ....................................................... 13
PIM........................................................................... 19
Power-Down mode............................................. 50, 62
Processor Extension Kits ......................................... 16
Processor Extension Pak and Header
Specification...................................................... 10
Pull-ups .................................................................... 23
R
Reading, Recommended ......................................... 10
Readme.................................................................... 10
Reserved Resources by Device............................... 27
Resistors .................................................................. 23
S
Engineering Technical Notes ................................... 57
ETNs ........................................................................ 57
Standard Communication
Connections ...................................................... 21
Driver Board...................................................... 63
Standard ICSP Device Communication ................... 19
F
T
Firmware
Disconnected while Downloading ..................... 51
Freeze on Halt ......................................................... 50
Table Read Protect .................................................. 25
Target Connection
Circuitry............................................................. 22
Improper Circuits............................................... 23
Standard ........................................................... 21
Target Device........................................................... 25
Transition Socket ..................................................... 16
Specification................................................ 10, 31
E
G
General Corrective Actions ...................................... 54
H
Hibernate mode ..................................................50, 62
Hubs, USB ............................................................... 62
I
ICD Headers ............................................................ 16
ICSP........................................................ 24, 25, 27, 63
ICSPCLK.................................................................. 63
ICSPDAT ................................................................. 63
Indicator Lights......................................................... 62
K
Keep hardware tool connected ................................ 29
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
U
USB.................................................................... 62, 89
Cables............................................................... 16
Hubs.................................................................. 62
USB Port .................................................................. 14
V
Vcap ......................................................................... 22
Vdd.......................................................... 21, 22, 24, 25
Vpp.......................................................... 21, 22, 23, 25
Vss .......................................................... 21, 22, 24, 25
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W
Watchdog Timer ................................................. 25, 89
DS52116A-page 92
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Index
NOTES:
2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS52116A-page 93
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