Thermocouple
Reference Design
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A
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Printed on recycled paper.
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DS51889A-page 2
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMOCOUPLE
REFERENCE DESIGN
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction............................................................................................................ 5
Document Layout .................................................................................................. 5
Conventions Used in this Guide ............................................................................ 6
Recommended Reading........................................................................................ 7
The Microchip Web Site ........................................................................................ 7
Customer Support ................................................................................................. 7
Document Revision History ................................................................................... 7
Chapter 1. Product Overview
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9
1.2 What is the Thermocouple Reference Design? .............................................. 9
1.3 What the Thermocouple Reference Design kit includes ................................ 9
Chapter 2. Installation and Operation
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Features ....................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Getting Started ............................................................................................. 12
2.3.1 Hardware Setup ........................................................................................ 12
2.3.2 Software Setup .......................................................................................... 13
2.3.3 Sensor Calibration and Setup ................................................................... 15
Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts
A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 17
A.2 Board - Schematic ...................................................................................... 18
A.3 Board -Top Silk and Pads ............................................................................ 19
A.4 Board - Internal VDD Layer ........................................................................... 19
A.5 Board - Internal Ground Layer ..................................................................... 20
A.6 Board - Bottom Silk and Pads ...................................................................... 20
Appendix B. Bill of Materials
Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 22
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 3
Thermocouple Reference Design
NOTES:
DS51889A-page 4
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMOCOUPLE
REFERENCE DESIGN
Preface
NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and
documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs
and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site
(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.
Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each
page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is
“DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the
document.
For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE on-line help.
Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available on-line help files.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the
Thermocouple Reference Design. Items discussed in this chapter include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Document Layout
Conventions Used in this Guide
Recommended Reading
The Microchip Web Site
Customer Support
Document Revision History
DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the Thermocouple Reference Design as a
development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board. The manual layout
is as follows:
• Chapter 1. “Product Overview” – Important information about the
Thermocouple Reference Design.
• Chapter 2. “Installation and Operation” – This chapter includes a detailed
description of each function of the demo board and instructions for how to begin
using the board.
• Appendix A. “Schematic and Layouts” – Shows the schematic and layout
diagrams for the Thermocouple Reference Design.
• Appendix B. “Bill of Materials” – Lists the parts used to build the Thermocouple
Reference Design.
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 5
Thermocouple Reference Design
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE
This manual uses the following documentation conventions:
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description
Arial font:
Italic characters
Represents
Referenced books
Emphasized text
A window
A dialog
A menu selection
A field name in a window or
dialog
A menu path
MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide
...is the only compiler...
the Output window
the Settings dialog
select Enable Programmer
“Save project before build”
A dialog button
A tab
A number in verilog format,
where N is the total number of
digits, R is the radix and n is a
digit.
A key on the keyboard
Click OK
Click the Power tab
4‘b0010, 2‘hF1
Italic Courier New
Sample source code
Filenames
File paths
Keywords
Command-line options
Bit values
Constants
A variable argument
Square brackets [ ]
Optional arguments
Curly brackets and pipe
character: { | }
Ellipses...
Choice of mutually exclusive
arguments; an OR selection
Replaces repeated text
#define START
autoexec.bat
c:\mcc18\h
_asm, _endasm, static
-Opa+, -Opa0, 1
0xFF, ‘A’
file.o, where file can be
any valid filename
mcc18 [options] file
[options]
errorlevel {0|1}
Initial caps
Quotes
Underlined, italic text with
right angle bracket
Bold characters
N‘Rnnnn
Text in angle brackets < >
Courier New font:
Plain Courier New
Represents code supplied by
user
DS51889A-page 6
Examples
File>Save
Press <Enter>, <F1>
var_name [,
var_name...]
void main (void)
{ ...
}
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preface
RECOMMENDED READING
This user's guide describes how to use Thermocouple Reference Design. Other useful
documents are listed below. The following Microchip documents are available and
recommended as supplemental reference resources.
MCP3421 Data Sheet, “18-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with I2C Interface and
On-Board Reference“ (DS22003).
This data sheet provides detailed information regarding the MCP3421 device.
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web
site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers.
Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following
information:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample
programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents,
latest software releases and archived software
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical
support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program
member listing
• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip
press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
•
•
•
•
Distributor or Representative
Local Sales Office
Field Application Engineer (FAE)
Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer
(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of
sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY
Revision A (December 2009)
• Initial Release of this Document.
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 7
Thermocouple Reference Design
NOTES:
DS51889A-page 8
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMOCOUPLE
REFERENCE DESIGN
Chapter 1. Product Overview
1.1
INTRODUCTION
The following name and assembly number are found on the Thermocouple Reference
Design’s Printed Circuit Board (PCB):
• 102-00114
1.2
WHAT IS THE THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE DESIGN?
The Thermocouple Reference Design demonstrates how to instrument a
Thermocouple and accurately sense temperature over the entire Thermocouple
measurement range. This solution uses the MCP3421 18-Bit Analog-to-Digital
Converter (ADC) to measure voltage across the Thermocouple. The ADC has an
internal 2.048V reference voltage and a Programmable Gain Amplifier with
1, 2, 4, 8V/V. At a Gain of 8V/V the PGA effectively adds 3LSb to the ADC. This
increases the ADC resolution to 21-bit or 2 µV/LSb. Therefore, the Thermocouple EMF
voltage is measured with 2 µV resolution. For K-type Thermocouple, measurement
system provides a ±0.05°C resolution. The cold-junction compensation is done using
a ±1°C accurate 0.0625°C resolution silicon temperature sensor, the MCP9804. This
solution provides a reliable and accurate Thermocouple instrumentation without the
need for extensive circuit compensation and calibration routines.
The ADC output is read using a PICmicro Microcontroller. This controller is also
connected to a PC using USB interface. The Thermal Management software is used to
plot the Thermocouple temperature data in stripchart format.
1.3
WHAT THE THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE DESIGN KIT INCLUDES
This Thermocouple Reference Design Kit includes:
• Thermocouple Reference Design, 102-00114
• K-type Thermocouple
• Important Information Sheet
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 9
Thermocouple Reference Design
NOTES:
DS51889A-page 10
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMOCOUPLE
REFERENCE DESIGN
Chapter 2. Installation and Operation
2.1
INTRODUCTION
The Thermocouple Reference Design demonstrates Microchip’s solution to accurately
measure temperature using a Thermocouple and an 18-bit ADC, MCP3421. This
solution eliminates the need for the traditional analog instrumentation system
calibration or gain and offset trimming techniques. In addition, the Thermocouple
linearization techniques can be implemented in firmware or software.
The Thermocouple Reference Design allows user to evaluate Microchip’s solution to
accurately measure the temperature. When measuring temperature using a
Thermocouple cold junction compensation is critical. It provides a reference to the
thermocouple measurement. The MCP9804 provides the cold junction compensation
at ±1°C accuracy. If the Thermocouple is compensated using the compensation
equation provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST ITS-90),
then temperature can be measured with ±1°C accuracy over the entire measurement
range.
The MCP3421 and the MCP9804 serial output lines are connected to a PICMicro
Microcontroller. This controller communicates with a PC via the USB interface and
commands the ADC to convert voltage. The serial data is then displayed on the PC
using the Thermal Management software in stripchart format.
2.2
FEATURES
The Thermocouple Reference Design has the following features:
•
•
•
•
K-type Thermocouple
Thermocouple connector
Thermal Management GUI
MCP9804 Temperature sensor with ±0.25°C (typical) accuracy from -40°C to
+125°C
• 18-Bit ADC MCP3421
• PIC18F2550 PIC® Microcontroller
• USB interface to PC
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 11
Thermocouple Reference Design
2.3
GETTING STARTED
This section describes how to quickly configure the Thermocouple Reference Design.
A simplified block diagram of the configuration is provided in Figure 2-1.
Thermocouple Reference Design
Thermal Pad
USB
Thermocouple
PC
PIC18F2550
USB PIC
Microcontroller
2
MCP3421
18-Bit ADC
2
MCP9804
Temperature Sensor
FIGURE 2-1:
Thermocouple Reference Design Simplified Block Diagram.
2.3.1
Hardware Setup
1. Connect the USB cable to PC.
2. Start the Thermal Management software.
3. Click the Start icon to start acquisition and measure temperature from the
Thermocouple.
DS51889A-page 12
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
Installation and Operation
2.3.2
Software Setup
Once the USB interface is secured, start the Thermal Management Software. When the
software starts, if the hardware is successfully detected then the GUI will be displayed.
FIGURE 2-2:
Thermocouple Reference Design GUI.
This configuration window allows the user to set some of parameters, such as
measurement unit and calibration temperature.
The Play, Stop and Reset icons can be used to perform continuous data-log. The
Record icon enables the user to data-log to an external file. The logging interval can
be adjusted using the Interval Scroll bar from 100 ms to 30s.
Stop Recording Real-Time acquisition
Start/Record Real-Time acquisition
Reset Real-Time acquisition
Stop Real-Time acquisition
Start Real-Time acquisition
FIGURE 2-3:
Real-Time Acquisition.
Thermocouple output is using the compensation equation provided by National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST ITS-90). The linearization is implemented
in the PICmicro microcontroller.
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 13
Thermocouple Reference Design
The Data Acquisition charting tool can be customized by double clicking the chart, as
shown in Figure 2-4. Additional options are available by right-clicking the chart. The
user can also zoom into a specific plot range by clicking and dragging the section. The
data in the chart can also be exported using the Export button.
FIGURE 2-4:
DS51889A-page 14
Chart Setup Options.
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
Installation and Operation
2.3.3
Sensor Calibration and Setup
2.3.3.1
THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATION
The Thermocouple sensor can be calibrated using the GUI. Once the Thermocouple
sensor is exposed to the desired calibration temperature, simply type in the
temperature in the Calibration Temperature field and click the Calibrate button. When
the temperature is calibrated and the calibration offset is stored in the PIC
Microcontroller EEPROM, the calibration offset is displayed in the RTD Calibration
Offset text box. The Reset button resets the calibration offset to 0.
FIGURE 2-5:
2.3.3.2
Sensor Calibration.
MCP9804 SETUP
The MCP9804 is a silicon temperature sensor which measures temperature with
±0.25°C nominal and ±1°C maximum accuracy from -40°C to +125°C. This sensor has
multiple user programmable features such as Alert Output limits, output hysteresis and
mode. The output mode can be set up as comparator or interrupt output with an active
high or active low levels. The temperature measurement resolution can also be set up.
.
FIGURE 2-6:
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP9804 Setup.
DS51889A-page 15
Thermocouple Reference Design
NOTES:
DS51889A-page 16
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMOCOUPLE
REFERENCE DESIGN
Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts
A.1
INTRODUCTION
This appendix contains the following schematics and layouts for the Thermocouple
Reference Design:
•
•
•
•
•
Board - Schematic
Board -Top Silk and Pads
Board - Internal VDD Layer
Board - Internal Ground Layer
Board - Bottom Silk and Pads
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 17
Thermocouple Reference Design
BOARD - SCHEMATIC
M
A.2
DS51889A-page 18
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
Schematic and Layouts
A.3
BOARD -TOP SILK AND PADS
A.4
BOARD - INTERNAL VDD LAYER
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 19
Thermocouple Reference Design
A.5
BOARD - INTERNAL GROUND LAYER
A.6
BOARD - BOTTOM SILK AND PADS
DS51889A-page 20
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
THERMOCOUPLE
REFERENCE DESIGN
Appendix B. Bill of Materials
TABLE B-1:
Qty
BILL OF MATERIALS
Reference
Designator
Description
Manufacturer
Part Number
Manufacturer
1
—
Ready-Made Insulated Thermocouples with OMEGA®
Kapton, PFA, Glass Braid Insulation and
Molded Connectors
3
C1, C5, C16
CAP .1UF 25V CERAMIC X7R 0805
Panasonic® - ECG
ECJ-2VB1E104K
1
C2
CAP 1.0UF 16V CERAMIC X7R 0805
Kemet® Electronics
Corp.
C0805C105K4RACTU
2
C3, C4
CAP CER 10UF 16V Y5V 0805
Murata Electronics®
GRM21BF51C106ZE15L
1
C10
CAP .47UF 16V CERAMIC X7R 0805
Panasonic - ECG
ECJ-2YB1C474K
2
C14,C15
CAP 22PF 50V CERM CHIP 0805 SMD
Panasonic - ECG
ECJ-2VC1H220J
1
J1
Circuit Board Thermocouple Connectors,
Standard PCC-SMP-K-100"
OMEGA
PCC-SMP-K-100
1
J2
CONN MINI USB RCPT RA TYPE B SMD
Tyco® Electronics
1734035-2
5SRTC-GG-K-24-36
1
J3
HEADER 1X6 - DO NOT POPULATE
—
—
1
L1
INDUCTOR 10UH 100MA 0805
Murata Electronics
LQM21FN100M70L
1
PCB
RoHS Compliant Bare PCB,
Thermocouple Reference Design
Microchip Technology
Inc.
104-00114
2
R1, R2
RES 4.99K OHM 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD
Panasonic - ECG
ERJ-6ENF4991V
1
R4
RES 1.0 OHM 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD
Panasonic - ECG
ERJ-6RQF1R0V
1
R6
RES 10.0K OHM 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD
Panasonic - ECG
ERJ-6ENF1002V
7
TP1-TP7
TEST POINT PC COMPACT SMT
Keystone Electronics®
5016
1
U1
28/40/44-Pin, High-Performance, Enhanced Microchip Technology
Flash, USB Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Inc.
Technology
1
U2
MCP3421, 18-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with I2C Interface and On-Board
Reference
1
U3
MCP9804, Memory Module Digital Temper- Microchip Technology
ature Sensor
Inc.
MCP9804T-E/MC
1
Y1
CRYSTAL 20.0000 MHZ SERIES SMT
ATS200SM
Note 1:
Microchip Technology
Inc.
CTS-Frequency
Controls
PIC18F2550-I/SO
MCP3421A0T-E/OT
The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative of the PCB assembly. The released BOM
used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51889A-page 21
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
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Fax: 31-416-690340
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Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
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Tel: 44-118-921-5869
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Tel: 86-756-3210040
Fax: 86-756-3210049
12/30/09
DS51889A-page 22
© 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.