Lin-Driver: Software implemented Lin Protocol for Infineon's 16 bit microcontrollers

Application Note, V 1.3, August 2004
AP16086
LIN- Driver
S o f tw ar e im p lem en ted L IN
P r o t oco l for I n fi neo n's 1 6 b i t
micr ocon tro l lers
.
Micr ocon tro l lers
N e v e r
s t o p
t h i n k i n g .
LIN-Driver
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2004-08
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Controller Area Network (CAN): License of Robert Bosch GmbH
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Table 1
Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Meaning
LIN
CAN
Local Interconnect Network
Controller Area Network
ECU
API
Electronic Control Unit
Application User Interface
IDE
UART
Integrated Development Environment
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
ASC
ID
Asyn/Synchronous Serial Interface
Identifier
EMI
Electro Magnetic Isolation
Edition 2004-08
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 München, Germany
© Infineon Technologies AG 2006.
All Rights Reserved.
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AP16086
LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Introduction
Table of Contents
Page
1
Introduction ................................................................................................... 5
2
2.1
2.2
LIN Bus ......................................................................................................... 6
Evolution of Automotive Networking.............................................................. 7
LIN bus Details.............................................................................................. 8
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
LIN Software Driver..................................................................................... 11
LIN Software Driver Services ...................................................................... 12
LIN Software Driver Requirements.............................................................. 12
Hardware Requirements ......................................................................... 12
Memory Requirements ............................................................................ 13
CPU-Load ............................................................................................... 13
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
How to use the LIN Software Driver ............................................................ 15
Function Overview ...................................................................................... 16
Getting the Master ECU started .................................................................. 18
Getting the Slave-ECU started .................................................................... 24
LIN message Buffers................................................................................... 25
Read Error-Status ....................................................................................... 25
5
Conclusion .................................................................................................. 26
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
Appendix A: LIN driver Details .................................................................... 27
Initialization ................................................................................................. 27
ECU-Mode .................................................................................................. 27
Identifier-Settings ........................................................................................ 27
Capture Compare settings .......................................................................... 29
Capture Compare TIMER -Settings ............................................................ 29
ASC -Settings.............................................................................................. 29
Port-Settings ............................................................................................... 30
Interrupt—Settings ...................................................................................... 30
Baudrate-Settings ....................................................................................... 31
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
Appendix B: Function Description ............................................................... 33
LIN_vInitNode ............................................................................................. 33
LIN_vSchedule............................................................................................ 33
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt ..................................................................................... 34
LIN_vCapCom_Interrupt ............................................................................. 34
LIN_vGoSleep............................................................................................. 35
LIN_vSendWakeUp..................................................................................... 35
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd ..................................................................... 36
LIN_vSendData........................................................................................... 38
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Introduction
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.24
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd..................................................................... 38
LIN_vReceiveData ...................................................................................... 40
LIN_vDisconnect ......................................................................................... 40
LIN_vConnect ............................................................................................. 40
LIN_ucGetID ............................................................................................... 41
LIN_ucGetNOD ........................................................................................... 41
LIN_ucReadFlag_Sleep .............................................................................. 41
LIN_ucReadFlag_ReadyForSynchbreak..................................................... 42
LIN_ucReadFlag_WakeupPending ............................................................. 42
LIN_ucReadFlag_SleepPending ................................................................. 43
LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus ............................................................................ 43
LIN_vClear_ErrorStatus .............................................................................. 44
LIN_ucReadFlag_SingleError ..................................................................... 44
LIN_vClearFlag_SingleError ....................................................................... 45
LIN_ucReadFlag_MessageSent ................................................................. 46
LIN_ucReadFlag_Disconnect...................................................................... 46
8
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.2
8.2.1
Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines ....................................................... 48
State-Machine 1: Send Header ............................................................... 48
State-Machine 2: Receive Header........................................................... 50
State-Machine 3: Transmit databytes...................................................... 51
State-Machine 4: Receive databytes....................................................... 53
Description: STATE and the responsible Transceiver-Status...................... 54
State-Machine 5: Monitor ........................................................................ 54
9
Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields .......................................................... 56
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Introduction
1
Introduction
This application note gives an overview of the LIN protocol, showing typical
applications for the LIN subbus and describing the operation of the LIN software driver
for Infineon Technologies 16bit microcontrollers. The implementation of the LIN
software driver will be discussed step by step. Moreover, two projects are attached to
build a simple LIN network with a C16x device (master node and one slave node).
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LIN Bus
2
LIN Bus
The introduced serial communication protocol LIN is qualified to link distributed
systems especially in automotive applications. LIN will be used as a standardized local
subbus within clustered systems. Moreover, this bus means a low cost silicon
implementation, because LIN is based on a standard UART data format. However, LIN
is not going to replace the well-established CAN network. LIN will link several nodes to
a central CAN access point. With the introduction of LIN the migration towards
distributed systems, will speed-up. LIN enables new system partitioning especially in
the field of body and convenience applications.
Figure 1
LIN Applications
Until now, high/low speed CAN and J1850 buses have been the standard in-vehicle
networks. These buses provide high performance with baudrates up to 1Mbaud. The
LIN subbus will not enter into competition with any of the high performance buses. On
the contrary, the combination of both types of buses will give a lot of advantage to
system designers. A huge number of body and convenience applications do not need
the excellent performance of the CAN bus for local communication paths. What these
applications really need is a standardized local subbus with a well-balanced
price/performance ratio. The LIN bus addresses all these demands and provides many
advantages:
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LIN Bus
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
compatibility between different subbus applications from different developers
avoids reengineering of the nearly same development
easy monitoring/diagnostics and error detection of the whole system
tools for homogeneously development
pre-development possible through emulation
easy integration of new nodes in an existing system
cost reduction through wire replacement and minimized development-time
2.1
Evolution of Automotive Networking
LIN has a strong impact on vehicle system architecture. Today’s centralized system
use dedicated communication lines to pass analog/digital data from a central
Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to actuator and sensor units or vice versa. Each relevant
state or event is coded analog to a dedicated channel. Most of these centralized
systems use the CAN bus as communication backbone.
Figure 2
Centralized System
To migrate a system from centralized to a distributed system it has to be broken up
into subsystems with common, standardized, and open interfaces. Some modules
have to control actuators and sensors with low priority e.g. mirror positioning. All of
these low-priority modules do not require the performance of CAN and could be
controlled in a more cost effective way without using expensive CAN transceivers and
CAN modules. The LIN subbus closes the gap between wire topology and CAN bus
topology. This solution has the following advantages:
• cost optimized connection of all actuators and sensors to a standardized bus-system
• enhanced failure detection and bus diagnosis
• easy function extension
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LIN Bus
Figure 3
2.2
Distributed System with LIN
LIN bus Details
LIN is a single-master multiple-slave bus system. One master node and several slaves
build up the bus system. The LIN bus is a single-wire bus system. The master node
contains a master task and a slave task, whereas slave nodes only contain slave tasks
only.
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LIN Bus
Figure 4
LIN bus architecture
A fixed message format is defined for the LIN protocol. Each LIN message starts with a
header consisting of a synchbreak followed by a synchfield and an identifier-field. Only
the master task may send this frame. Next 2, 4, or 8 bytes code the message data. A
checksum field completes the LIN message (Figure 5). This response to the header is
sent either by the slave task of the master node or by one of the several slaves nodes
hooked up to the LIN bus.
Figure 5
LIN message frame
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LIN Bus
Main features of the LIN bus
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Single-master / multiple-slave
Use of an ordinary UART / SCI (supported by any Infineon Microcontroller with ASC)
Self synchronization
Low-cost single-wire (enhanced ISO 9141)
Easy connection with Infineons' single-wire-transceivers (e.g. TLE6258 or TLE6259)
Speed up to 20 kBits/sec
Guaranteed latency times
Message Frame contains 2,4 or 8 data bytes
Multi-cast reception
Checksum calculation (inverted modulo 256 checksum)
Recognition of defective nodes
Error-Detection
Low cost
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LIN Software Driver
3
LIN Software Driver
The driver itself is written for the C16x, but the principal for the XC16x family is
identical. In contrast to CAN or J1850, the LIN bus requires no dedicated on-chip
microcontroller communication module. LIN utilizes the standard serial communication
interface (USART). That is one major point for the well-balanced cost/performance
ratio of this recently introduced Class A subbus. Data exchange is based on a
common hardware peripheral (serial communication interface) controlled by a
dedicated LIN software driver. Unlike the above mentioned in-vehicle communication
protocols the driver software handles the basic communication layers and takes care
of message transfers, message filtering, and error detection (protocol handling).
Figure 6
LIN message frame
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LIN Software Driver
The Infineon LIN software driver entirely encapsulates the hardware modules and
exclusively handles the on-chip peripherals of the Infineon C16x and XC16x
microcontrollers, which support LIN. Figure 6 illustrates this approach.
Configurable software building blocks handle the LIN protocol. LIN message frame
handling is done autonomously by the LIN software driver. Operations on LIN are at
disposal of the user and are initiated by API-function calls. A LIN network based on
Infineon Technologies C16x microcontroller family can be easily realized by using the
driver.
3.1
LIN Software Driver Services
The LIN driver provides several API-functions for LIN bus handling. The main services
of the LIN software driver are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Message transmission
Message reception
Message filtering
Connect/disconnect the LIN node to the LIN bus
Sending "go to sleepmode" command
Sending "wake up" command
Bus timeout detection
Frame monitoring
ID field calculation
Data length extraction
Checksum calculation
LIN message scheduler
3.2
LIN Software Driver Requirements
The LIN software driver requires CPU processing time as well as hardware resources
like peripherals, code/data memory, and interrupts nodes. The exact requirements are
listed next.
3.2.1
Hardware Requirements
LIN utilizes the serial interface for message frame generation and additionally occupies
one timer channel for LIN bus timing monitoring e.g. for detection of not responding
slaves or no bus activity. Both peripherals require an interrupt handler, with main
processes of the LIN software driver being executed from the interrupt handler of the
serial communication channel peripheral
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LIN Software Driver
3.2.2
Memory Requirements
The software driver occupies less than 3 kBytes of code memory and less than 100
bytes of data memory. These numbers include all the basic LIN software driver
functions. Application specific user LIN message buffers require additional memory
space.
3.2.3
CPU-Load
The LIN software driver builds on several state machines and functional blocks. The
process flow is driven by a state machine invoked by the interrupt of the serial
interface. Figure 7 below shows a typical LIN bus frame. Channel 2 shows the LIN
pulse train and Channel 1 shows the CPU activity. Each spike at Channel 1 is a
process of the LIN software driver. This figure shows the involvement of a LIN master
node. Its master task sends out the message header and its slave task attaches 4 data
bytes followed by the corresponding checksum field. Generally, the master task
transmits synchbreak, synchfield, and identifier-field: This is done within state 1 to 3
(see Figure 7). If a slave task detects a matching identifier on the bus it will either
receive or transmit data on the bus (state 4 to 9).
The user has to configure the system as such, avoiding several slave tasks
concurrently responding to the same ID. Moreover, the user is responsible for
arranging an application specific network management.
Figure 7
LIN message frame generation
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
LIN Software Driver
Master Task
1. Send-synchbreak
2. Receive-synchbreak and send synchfield
3. Receive-synchfield and create / send ID-Field
Slave task:
1. Receive-ID-Field (message filtering), copy data to LIN transfer buffer and send first
databyte
2. Receive first databyte and send second data byte
3. Receive second databyte and send third data byte
4. Receive third databyte and send fourth data byte
5. Receive fourth databyte and calculate / send checksum-field
6. Receive-Checksum
This bus configuration is running at a baudrate of 19.2 kBaud. The length of one
message frame is about 4.5 ms. The required CPU time for a LIN frame generation
depends strongly on the number of declared ID’s. Within the example network, 16
identifiers are defined. During the states 1 to 9, the CPU of the master LIN node is
busy processing LIN driver operations. The overall processing time for the LIN
software driver is 110 µs (fCPU = 20 MHz). While sending and receiving a LIN message
frame the total CPU load of the LIN master node is below 3%.
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
4
How to use the LIN Software Driver
When using the software driver it takes only a few steps to get a running LIN network
or LIN node. Figure 8 sketches the development flow of an LIN application. The
application consists of two independent software parts: the pure user application and
the LIN software driver. A dedicated header file (LIN_InitNode.h) enables
customization.
Figure 8
LIN-application development procedure
The LIN software driver consists of three different files, which all have to be included in
the software project.
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
LIN driver Initialization File lin_initnode.h
This file allows LIN protocol specific and target specific settings
LIN protocol specific settings are:
• baudrate settings;
• configuration of Master or Slave LIN ECU;
• declaration of LIN messages (ID allocation for send and receive messages).
Target specific settings are:
• allocation of timer resources;
• allocation of serial interface resources;
• allocation of interrupt priorities
LIN driver C-File lin_driver.c
This file includes all functions required for the LIN communication
LIN driver Header-File lin_driver.h
This header-file includes the declarations of LIN-API-Functions.
Note: This header-file must be included in all C-files using API-Functions.
4.1
Function Overview
The software driver handles the basic communication layers and takes care of
message transfers, message filtering, and error detection (protocol handling). All the
following functions are elements of the software driver and can be found in the file
lin_driver.c. The header-file lin_driver.h contains the corresponding function
declarations.
Table 1
API-Function Overview:
Name
Short-Description
LIN_vInitNode
M/S
Initialization of the LIN-Node
LIN_vSchedule
M
scheduler function sends the
header with defined IDS
M/S
Must be called from within the
UART-RxD-Interrupt-Function
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
Name
LIN_vCapture_Interrupt
LIN_vGoSleep
Short-Description
M/S
M
Must be called from within the
Capture-Interrupt-Function
Send sleep-ID on the bus and set
master node in sleepmode
LIN_vSendWakeUp
M/S
Send wakeup signal on the bus
LIN_vCopy_SendData
M/S
Copies databyte from user-buffer
to transceiver buffer and starts
send-procedure
LIN_vCopy_ReceiveData
M/S
Copies received databytes from
transceiver buffer to user-buffer
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd
M/S
Defines the Rxd-ID User-CallBack-Function
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd
M/S
Defines the TxD-ID User-CallBack-Function
LIN_vDisconnect
M/S
Disconnects node from the LIN bus
(Default-Node-Status)
LIN_vConnect
M/S
Connects node to the LIN bus
LIN_ucReadFlag_SingleError
M/S
Gets the status of a defined ErrorFlag
LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus
M/S
Gets the status of all error flags
(user has to separate the
responsible Error-Flag)
LIN_vClearFlag_SingleError
M/S
Resets a defined Error-Flag
LIN_vClear_ErrorStatus
M/S
Resets the complete Error-Status
LIN_ucReadFlag_ReadyForSynch
break
M/S
Reads flag if the node is ready for
a new synchbreak (very important
in master node)
LIN_ucReadFlag_Sleep
M/S
Reads flag, if the bus is in
sleepmode.
LIN_ucReadFlag_SleepPending
M
Reads flag, if node should send
Sleep-Frame
LIN_ucReadFlag_WakeupPending
M/S
Reads flag, if node should send
wakeup signal
LIN_ucReadFlag_MessageSent
M/S
Reads flag, if the message has
been sent completely
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
Name
Short-Description
LIN_ucReadFlag_Disconnect
M/S
Reads flag, if the node is
connected to the LIN bus
LIN_ucGetID
M/S
Separates and returns ID-Number.
= ID-Field without Parity-Bits
LIN_ucGetNOD
M/S
Separates and returns Number-OfData. = Bit 4 and 5 in the ID-Field
Legend:
• M / S = used in Master and Slave ECU
• M = used only in the Master-ECU
Note: Table 1 summarizes all function overview but it is not intended to give
information about parameters and return values.
4.2
Getting the Master ECU started
The next example will show how to implement the LIN software driver on a LIN master
node. In addition to the afore mentioned files lin_initnode.h, lin_driver.c, and
lin_driver.h, the attached example application contains the files User_LIN_functions.c,
User_interrupt_management.c and main.c. All the following steps refer to the example
application.
Note: For correct operation of the software driver Txd and Rxd Pin of the
microcontroller must be connected to a dedicated LIN transceiver e.g. TLE6258.
Table 2
Step
1
Steps to get the master ECU started
Explanation
Goal
Prepare initialization header file
Where
LIN_initNode.h
How
See description 5.1 “Initialization” on page 26
Description
This must be done separately for each node with LIN driver.
See example in Step 2.
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
Step
2
Explanation
Goal
Call the LIN-Node initialization function
Where
Main.c (above the Main-Loop, one of the first functions)
How
Call: LIN_vInitNode()
Description
Handles on the initialization header file prepared in Step 1
EXAMPLE:
Void main (void)
{
LIN_vInitNode();
USER_vInitNode();
LIN_vConnect();
//
//
//
//
initialize LIN-ECU
initialize User-Application
(depends on user-application)
connect ECU to the LIN-Network
While (1)
{
…
#ifdef MASTER
LIN_vSchedule(); // only in master node
// check if button is pressed
if(USER_ucCheckButtonStatus(4) == 1)
{
// if button is pressed set LIN bus in sleepmode
LIN_vGoSleep();}
#endif
}
}
3
Goal
Create an user-buffer
Where
e.g. User_LIN_functions.c (user C-file, where the LIN-functions are
handled)
How
e.g. call: USER_vInitNode()–function in which the buffer will created
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
Step
4
Explanation
Description
This is a buffer, where the LIN databytes should be stored, because the
LIN driver includes no buffer for this. It is recommended to save default
values in this buffer, once created.
Goal
Create Txd-User-Call-Back Function
Where
e.g. User_LIN_functions.c (user C-file, where the LIN-functions are
handled)
How
Depends on user-buffer, function could be called:
USER_vUCB_TxdId_Received(…)
See Description
Description
This function will be called if a new LIN message has been received with
an ID, defined as TxdID.
Following function should be called from within the UCB-function:
Void LIN_vCopy_SendData(unsigned char* pucLocalData)
5
See Step 7 for an UCB-Txd-function example
Goal
Include Data-Copy function
Where
In the UCB-Txd-function (e.g. USER_vUCB_TxdId_Received(…))
How
Call: LIN_vCopy_SendData()
Description
The function copies data from the user-buffer to the LIN transceiverbuffer. It is up to the user to keep the databytes that will be sent, up-todate.
EXAMPLE:
void USER_vUCB_TxdId_Received(unsigned char ucLocalId)
{
stUSER_MESSAGE* pucLocHelp1; // help variable
// get address of array-element in which are the data// bytes that should be sent (dependent on ID)
pucLocHelp1 = USER_pstGetArrayAddress(ucLocalId);
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
Step
Explanation
// call function which copies the databytes from the
// user-buffer to the LIN transceiver-buffer (parameter is
// address of first Data-Byte).
LIN_vCopy_SendData(&(pucLocHelp1->ucdatabyte[0]));
}
6
Goal
Create Rxd-User-Call-Back Function
Where
e.g. User_LIN_functions.c (user C-file, where the LIN-functions are
handled)
How
Depends on user-buffer, function could be called:
USER_vUCB_RxdId_Received(…)
See Description
Description
This function will be called if a new LIN message has been received with
an ID, defined as RxdID.
Following function should be called from within the UCB-function:
Void LIN_vCopy_ReceiveData(unsigned char* pucLocalData)
7
See Step 5 for an UCB-Rxd-function example
Goal
Include Data-Copy function
Where
In the UCB-Rxd-function (e.g. USER_vUCB_RxdId_Received(…))
How
Call: LIN_vCopy_ReceiveData()
Description
Copies received Data from the LIN transceiver-buffer to the user-buffer.
EXAMPLE:
void USER_vUCB_RxdId_Received(unsigned char ucLocalId)
parameter = received ID
{
stUSER_MESSAGE* pucLocHelp1;
// help variable
//
// get address of array-element where the
// databytes should be stored (dependent on ID)
pucLocHelp1 = USER_pstGetArrayAddress(ucLocalId);
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How to use the LIN Software Driver
Step
Explanation
// call function which copies the databytes from the
// LIN transceiver-buffer to the user-buffer (parameter
// is address of first Data-Byte).
LIN_vCopy_ReceiveData(&(pucLocHelp1->ucdatabyte[0]));
}
8
Goal
Define User-Call-Back Functions
Where
e.g. in the USER_vInitNode()–function in the file: User_LIN_functions.c
How
Call: LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd(…)
&
Call: LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd(…)
Description
The created UCB_Rxd() and UCB_Txd() Function must be defined with
this “UCB-define”-Functions. See Step 4 and Step 6
EXAMPLE:
void USER_vInitNode(void)
{
// Create Buffer
USER_vCreateBuffer();
// Define UCBs
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd(USER_vUCB_TxdId_Received);
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd(USER_vUCB_RxdId_Received);
}
9
Goal
Prepare UART Rxd Interrupt-function
Where
e.g. in the USER_viRxd1_Interrupt()–Function in the file:
User_interrupt_management.c
How
Include the function LIN_vRxd_Interrupt() in the Rxd-Interruptfunction
Description
It is recommended to place only this function in the “Rxd-Interrupt” –
function.
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AP16086
LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
How to use the LIN Software Driver
Step
Explanation
EXAMPLE:
void USER_viRxd1_Interrupt(void)
{
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt();
}
t
a
10
interrupt 0x49
Goal
Prepare CapCom Interrupt-function
Where
e.g. in the USER_viCapture15_Interrupt()–Function in the file:
User_interrupt_management.c
How
Include the function LIN_vCapture_Interrupt() in the CapComInterrupt-function
Description
It is recommended to place only this function in the “CaptureInterrupt” –function.
EXAMPLE:
void USER_viCapture15_Interrupt(void) interrupt 0x1F
{
LIN_vCapCom_Interrupt();
}
2
)
11
Goal
Connect the LIN-Node to the LIN bus
Where
e.g. in the USER_vInitNode() –Function in the file:
User_LIN_functions.c
or in the main()–function
How
Call: LIN_vConnect(…)
Description
Default Node-Status after the initialization function (see Step 2) •
disconnected
See example in Step 2
12
Goal
Place scheduler function
Application Note
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AP16086
LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
How to use the LIN Software Driver
Step
Explanation
Where
in the Main-Loop in the main()–function
How
Call: LIN_vScheduling()
Description
This function is responsible for the LIN-Message handling on the bus.
(Sends LIN-header if the bus is free). See function description in section
5.2 “Function Description” on page 31
See also example in Step 2
13
Goal
Place “go sleep” -function
Where
e.g. User_LIN_functions.c (user C-file, where the LIN-functions are
handled)
How
Call: LIN_vGoSleep()
Description
Depends on the event (user-application) where from this function should
be called to set the node (bus) in sleepmode.
See example in Step 2
Goal
Place “wake up”–function
Where
e.g. User_LIN_functions.c (user C-file, where the LIN-functions are
handled)
How
Call: LIN_vSendWakeUp()
Description
Depends on the event (user-application) where from this function should
be called to wake up the node (bus).
14
4.3
Getting the Slave-ECU started
The steps in the slave node are nearly the same as the steps in the master node. See
section 4.2 Getting the Master ECU started, and go through following steps.
Application Note
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AP16086
LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
How to use the LIN Software Driver
Table 3
Steps to get the slave ECU started
Step
Explanation
Step 1
until
Step 11
See above.
Step 14
See above.
4.4
LIN message Buffers
The LIN driver provides an abstract Buffer for LIN-Message sending/receiving. This
buffer can store the data bytes of one LIN message.
• Sending a LIN-Message: The databytes must be copied from the user buffer to the
LIN buffer. The content of the LIN-Buffer will be sent by the UCB-Txd-Function.
• After receiving a LIN-Message: Within the UCB-Rxd-Function, the content of the
LIN-Buffer is transferred to the respective user-buffer.
The LIN driver does not indicate new received databytes, because this is part of the
User-Application and should be done in the UCB function.
4.5
Read Error-Status
Each Slave task has its own Error-Status-Byte. If an error occurs, the responsible
Error-Flag will be automatically set in the Error-Status-Byte. The User-Application can
read and clear the Error-Flag within the Status-Byte. There are some functions to
perform this described below:
•
•
•
•
LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus(void)
LIN_vClear_ErrorStatus(void)
LIN_ucReadFlag_SingleError()
LIN_vClearFlag_SingleError()
Application Note
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AP16086
LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Conclusion
5
Conclusion
The LIN bus will have a major impact on in-vehicle network topology and empowers
the migration towards a distributed system architecture. A LIN implementation bases
on three elements. Firstly, a microcontroller with an on-chip serial communication
interface, secondly a LIN bus transceiver and last but not least a dedicated LIN
software driver. Infineon Technologies addresses all these hardware and software
demands. Infineon is offering a family of LIN bus transceivers like the TLE6258 or
TLE6259
(http://www.infineon.com/cgi/ecrm.dll/ecrm/scripts/prod_cat.jsp?oid=-8419)
and the powerful 16 bit microcontroller architecture C16x / XC16x
(http://www.infineon.com/cgi/ecrm.dll/ecrm/scripts/prod_cat.jsp?oid=-8984).
The introduced LIN software driver completes this package and allows the easy
implementation of a LIN network.
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix A: LIN driver Details
6
Appendix A: LIN driver Details
6.1
Initialization
The header file lin_initnode.h contains dedicated settings for application specific
configurations. Each LIN-Node requires its own dedicated initialization file.
This header must be included in the following project files:
• LIN_driver.c
• Main.c
• USER_lin_functions.c
6.2
ECU-Mode
There are two different modes for a LIN-Node:
• MASTER
• SLAVE
For master node
#define MASTER
For slave node
#define SLAVE
Note: Avoid both definitions
6.3
Identifier-Settings
An ID can have 3 different functions:
1. Node should send the databytes:
ID must be defined as SEND_ID
7. Node should receive the databytes: ID must be defined as REC_ID
8. For master node only:
Entries in the scheduler must be defined as
MON_ID
There are some “define-names” which have to be used for ID-Definitions:
MAX_LIN_ID:
The maximum number of all used IDs
(NUM_SEND + NUM_REC + number of
MON-IDs)
Valid Values: 0, 1, …15
NUM_SEND:
Number of SEND_IDs
NUM_REC:
Number of REC_IDs
It is possible to define up to 16 send-IDs and up to 16 receive-IDs per node.
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix A: LIN driver Details
To define a Send-ID you have to use the define-name:
SEND_IDx yy
x = {0,1,…15}
(internal used counter)
yy = {1,2,…63}
is the ID (not the ID-Field)
To define a Receive-ID you have to use the define-name:
REC_IDx yy
x = {0,1,…15}
(internal used counter)
yy = {1,2,…63}
is the ID (not the ID-Field)
To define a Monitor-ID you have to use the define-name:
MON_IDx yy
x = {0,1,…15}
(internal used counter)
yy = {1,2,…63}
is the ID (not the ID-Field)
Note: Do never define the ID0. The corresponding ID-Field to the identifier 0 is the
Sleep-Signal 0x80. So if you would define e.g. SEND_ID2 0, then the LIN bus would
be set in sleepmode after sending the respective message-header.
Example
#define MAX_LIN_ID
6
// the absolute number of all used IDs
#define NUM_SEND
#define SEND_ID0
1
51
// number of send_IDs
// Send-ID definition: x=0, y=51
// The first ID has the Value 51
#define NUM_REC
#define REC_ID0
#define REC_ID1
2
12
10
// number of receive_IDs
// example for the first Receive ID= 12
// example for the second Receive ID= 10
Monitor IDs only for Master. These IDs will be sent by the scheduler
function.
#ifdef MASTER
#define MON_ID0
#define MON_ID1
#define MON_ID2
#endif
Figure 9
1
2
3
// ID of the first monitor ID
// ID of the second monitor ID
// ID of the next monitor ID
LIN driver initialization example. The header files allows individual
allocation of required on-chip resources e.g. capture compare
channels, serial interfaces and interrupt priorities.
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix A: LIN driver Details
6.4
Capture Compare settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CAPTURE COMPARE Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// define the CapCom Mode Register: CCMx
#define CC_MODE_REGISTER
CCM3
// define the CapCom Register: CCxx
#define CC_REGISTER
CC15
6.5
Capture Compare TIMER -Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CAPTURE COMPARE TIMER Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// define the CapCom Timer Control Register: TxxCON
#define CC_TIMER_CONTROL_REGISTER
T01CON
// define the CapCom Timer Register: Tx
#define CC_TIMER_REGISTER
T0
6.6
ASC -Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ASC Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// define the ASC Control Register:
#define ASC_CONTROL_REGISTER
S1CON
// define the ASC Baudrate Register:
#define ASC_BAUDRATE_REGISTER
S1BG
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix A: LIN driver Details
6.7
Port-Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Port Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// LIN Port Register
#define LIN_PORT_REGISTER
P3
// LIN Port Direction Register
#define LIN_PORT_DIRECTION_REGISTER
DP3
// LIN TxD-Bit in LIN_PORT_REGISTER
#define LIN_TXD_BIT
0x0001
// LIN RxD-Bit in LIN_PORT_REGISTER
#define LIN_RXD_BIT
0x0002
6.8
Interrupt—Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Interrupt Priority Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Timer IRQ Priority Value
#define TIMER_PRIORITY_VALUE
0x0012
// ASC Receive IRQ Priority Value
#define ASC_RECEIVE_PRIORITY_VALUE 0x0022
// Capture Compare IRQ Priority Value
#define CC_PRIORITY_VALUE
0x0032
// ILV 6 GLV 2
// ILV 5 GLV 2
// ILV 4 GLV 2
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Interrupt Settings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// define the global Interrupt enable/disable
#define GLOBAL_INTERRUPT
IEN
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix A: LIN driver Details
6.9
Baudrate-Settings
// The LIN driver supports two different baudrates:
9600 bits/sec
19200 bits/sec
Example:
#define BAUDRATE_LIN
19200
TIME-Definitions
Some Timer and ASC values must be defined. The following example is for C16x
Infineon Microcontroller and 20MHz Oscillator.
Please have a look in the LIN specification to get general information about the
different times e.g. Synchbreak (TSYNBRK) or maximum Frame-Time (TFRAME_MAX), …
Example:
#if BAUDRATE_LIN == 19200
#define BAUDRATE_ASC
#define BAUDRATE_SYN
#define BITTIME_LIN
#define TIMEBASE_LIN
// == Reload-Value
#define TIME_FRAMEMAX2
#define TIME_FRAMEMAX4
#define TIME_FRAMEMAX8
#define TIME_OUT
#define T_T0BRK
#define T_T3BRK
#endif
Figure 10
0x0020
0x002F
0x0047
0x0000
0x005C
0x0079
0x00B2
0x6355
0x0082
0x3B99
//
//
//
//
Baudrate for LIN : 19200 Baud
Baudrate for Synchbreak
T0: resol.= 51,2us = 0x0047
Time base = max = 3,36 sec
//
//
//
//
//
//
91 bittime
119 bittime
175 bittime
25000 bittime
128 bittime
15000 bittime
Baudrate setting example
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix A: LIN driver Details
Table 4
Time-Descriptions
Definition
Description
BAUDRATE_ASC
BAUDRATE_SYN
BITTIME_LIN
Sets the baudrate in the baudrate register
Sets the baudrate in the baudrate register for the
synchbreak field
bittime-Resolution
TIME_FRAMEMAX2
TIME_FRAMEMAX4
Maximum time for frame transmission with 2 databytes
Maximum time for frame transmission with 4 databytes
TIME_FRAMEMAX8
TIME_OUT
Maximum time for frame transmission with 8 databytes
Bus idle time out
T_T0BRK
Timeout After wakeup signal:
Note: bold sign is a zero and not an O-letter
T_T3BRK
Timeout After Three Break
Note: All times, refer to the bittime of the master node.
Bittime Calculation:
Baudrate: 19200 Hz Æ
1
= 52,08µ sec bittime
19200
The best UART resolution on 20MHz is 51,2 µ sec .
That is a deviation of the
52,08µ sec
= 1,01725
51,2 µ sec
To work with the correct times you have to multiply the time-values by the deviationfactor 1,01725.
TimeOut After WakeUp Signal:
TT0BRK = 128 bittime in order to the
LIN specification.
BaudRate = 19200 bits/sec
128 bittimes = 0x80 in hex = 6,66msec
(bittime: 52,08 µsec)
128 bittimes = 0x80 in hex = 6,55msec
(bittime: 51,2 µsec)
128 * 1,01725 = 130,208 bittimes = 0x82 in hex = 6,66msec
(bittime: 51,2 µsec)
result:
#define T_T0BRK
0x0082
// 128 bittime
Figure 11
Bittime calculation example
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
7
Appendix B: Function Description
7.1
LIN_vInitNode
Prototype:
void LIN_vInitNode(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
None
Description:
The operation executes as follows:
Step 1: Initialization of Timer
Step 2: Initialization of ASC
Step 3: Initialization of capture compare register
Step 4: Creates internal used buffer for ID-handling
Step 5: Resets counters, flags and state-machines
(sets “disconnect-node”)
Step 6: Start timer for “No-Bus-Activity”
Note:
7.2
This function must be implemented above the loop in the main()function. Bus is disconnected after this function.
LIN_vSchedule
Prototype:
void LIN_vSchedule(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
None
Description:
The master node is responsible for sending all required IDs on the
bus. If the ID is not defined as SEND-ID or REC-ID then the IDs
must be defined in the master node as MON-ID (Monitor-ID) to
provide the IDs needed in the other nodes.
The function sends the SEND-IDs first (beginning by Send_ID0)
followed by the REC-IDs and MON-IDs. The LIN bus must be ready
for a new message, for this, a flag (ready_for_synchbreak) will be
checked before sending the next message.
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
The function sends only one message per call so it is up to the user
to include this function in the main() function or in another loopfunction.
Note:
7.3
MASTER-Function only. It
chronological order of IDs.
is
not
possible
to
change
the
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt
Prototype:
void LIN_vRxd_Interrupt(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
None
Description:
The
user must provide a RXD-Interrupt-Function. The
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-Function must be called from within the
Rxd-Interrupt function for a correct LIN driver handling.
In the function is a state-machine, which handles the different states
of LIN-message transfer.
This function will be called after each byte is received, this applies in
every node (including the sending node). The self-received byte will
be checked and if necessary, the next byte will be sent.
Note:
7.4
In the LIN driver is no Txd-Interrupt needed.
LIN_vCapCom_Interrupt
Prototype:
void LIN_vCapCom_Interrupt(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
None
Description:
The
user
must
provide
a
CapCom-Interrupt-Function.
The
LIN_vCapCom_Interrupt()-Function must be called from within the
Capture/Compare-Interrupt function for correct LIN driver operation.
In the function is a state-machine, which mainly handles the different
Time-Outs e.g. TFRAME_MAX or TTIME_OUT.
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
7.5
LIN_vGoSleep
Prototype:
void LIN_vGoSleep(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value: None
Description:
This function sets the bus in sleepmode. A flag (sleep_pending) will be
set in the nPENDING_STATUS-Register. A message-header with ID0
= 0 (ID-FIELD=0x80) will be sent if the scheduler function recognizes
that the sleep_pending bit is set.
Note:
MASTER-Function only.
The sleep-message is the same as other LIN messages. However, the
user must not define the SleepID in the LIN-InitNode-header-file,
because the SleepID in the master node will automatically be set as
SEND-ID and in the slave node as REC-ID. The user has only to
provide the databytes for the SleepID in the user-buffer and the
Master is going on to send the databytes with the sleep-message.
(Sending messages see Function-Descriptions: LIN_vSendData and
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd)
All slave nodes are able to receive the sleep-message (and the
included databytes). After receiving the whole message the node will
be set in sleepmode.(Receiving message see Function-Descriptions:
LIN_vReceiveData and LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd)
7.6
LIN_vSendWakeUp
Prototype:
void LIN_vSendWakeUp(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
None
Description:
This function sends a Wake-Up-Signal on the bus. (Only if the node
is in sleepmode)
Procedure: A flag (wakeup_pending) will be set in the
nPENDING_STATUS-Register and a Wake-Up-Signal will be
transmitted to the bus. A Compare-Timer (Value: TT0BRK) is started in
the event that the transmission failed or the MASTER-ECU does not
answer. In this case, the Compare-Interrupt would send a Wake-UpSignal again (see Figure 12 and LIN specification for details).
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
Note:
See LIN-Protocol Specification!
Wake-Up
Procedure
Wake Up Signal
0x80
SLEEP
Time
TTOBRK
Figure 12
7.7
TT3BRK
Wake-Up procedure and wakeup signals on the LIN bus.
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd
Prototype:
void LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd((*)(unsigned char))
Parameters:
Pointer to function: The address of the User call-back-function
(UCB), the UCB has an unsigned char as parameter and includes
the received ID.
Return-Value:
None
Description: This function defines the User Call Back Function,
which will be called when a LIN message (with Send-ID) has been
received. This function makes the definition of the UCB function very
easy for the user.
It is up to the user to provide a UCB-function for the LIN driver.
The user-application must provide a Buffer for the data, as this is not
part of the LIN driver. If a LIN message with SEND-ID is received
then the UCB function will be called and the data will be sent from
within the UCB function.
Note:
Application Note
Knowledge of “pointer to function” is helpful.
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
Example:
The user has a function named “USER_vUCB_TxdId_Received(unsigned char ID)”.
The function has an unsigned char as parameter for the ID. This function must be
called if the LIN driver receives an ID, which was defined as SEND-ID. Before the LIN
driver can call the UCB-function, the UCB must be defined in the LIN driver .
How?
The following statement in a user-init-function defines the UCB function for the LIN
driver.
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd(USER_vUCB_TxdId_Received);
Note: The parameter in the “define-function” is only the UCB function name without
parameter or parentheses detail.
Details of implementation:
The following Figure 13 will show the handling of Rxd-Interrupt, SEND-ID-UCB and
LIN driver.
Hardware
LIN-Driver
User Application
void Rxd_Irq(...) interrupt vector
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()
{
Hardware
Interrupt
Handler
{
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt();
}
...
LIN Driver functions
...
received ID is defined as SEND-ID
Before the User Call Back Function can be
called they must be defined.
(*pvfUcbTxdId) (ID);
USER_vUCB_TxdId_Received(uchar ID)
{
}
LIN_vSendData(*LocDataAddr)
{
SxTBUF
...
Copy data from user-buffer to the LINTransceiver-Buffer.
Parameter is address of first byte.
...
}
User program which handles on the ID which was
defined as a Send-ID, normally the program should
send the respective LIN data by using the LIN-SendFunction:
LIN_vSendData(&LinDataBuffer);
}
SxRBUF
LIN
UART
Figure 13
Handling of SEND-ID User Call Back function, LIN driver and UARTInterrupt.
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
7.8
LIN_vSendData
Prototype:
void LIN_vSendData(unsigned char*)
Parameters:
Pointer to unsigned char: The addresses of the first databyte to be
sent.
Return-Value:
None
Description:
This function copies the databytes, which should be sent, from the
user-buffer to the LIN transceiver buffer. It is up to the user to
provide all databytes for the respective.
Note:
See function LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionTxd and Figure 13
7.9
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd
Prototype:
void LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd((*)(unsigned char))
Parameters:
Pointer to function: The address of the user-call-back-function
(UCB), the UCB has an unsigned char as parameter and includes
the received ID.
Return-Value:
None
Description:
This function defines the usercall-back-function, which will be called
when a LIN message (with RECeive-ID) has been received. This
function makes the definition of the UCB function very easy for the
user.
It is up to the user to provide a UCB-function for the LIN driver.
The user-application has to provide a Buffer for the data, as this is
not part of the LIN driver. The databytes of a LIN messages with
REC-ID will be saved in the LIN transceiver buffer . If the slave task
has received the last byte (checksum) correctly then the UCB
function will be called and the databytes will be copied from the
transceiver buffer into the user-buffer from within this UCB function.
Note:
Application Note
Knowledge of “pointer to function” is helpful.
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
Example:
The user has a function named “USER_vUCB_RxdId_Received(unsigned char ID)”.
The function has an unsigned char as parameter for the ID. This function should be
called if the LIN driver receives an ID, which was defined as REC-ID. Before the LIN
driver can call the UCB-function, the UCB must be defined in the LIN driver .
How?
The following statement in a user-init-function defines the UCB function for the LIN
driver.
LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd(USER_vUCB_RxdId_Received);
Note: The parameter in the “define-function” is only the UCB function name without
parameter or parentheses detail.
Details of implementation:
The following will show the handling of Rxd-Interrupt, REC-ID-UCB and LIN driver.
Hardware
LIN-Driver
User Application
void Rxd_Irq(...) interrupt vector
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()
{
Hardware
Interrupt
Handler
{
LIN_vRxd_Interrupt();
}
...
LIN Driver functions
...
received ID is defined as REC-ID
Before the User Call Back Function can be
called they must be defined.
(*pvfUcbRxdId) (ID);
USER_vUCB_RxdId_Received(uchar ID)
{
}
LIN_vReceiveData(*LocUserBuffer)
{
SxTBUF
SxRBUF
This LIN-Function will copy the received
data from the LIN Transceive Buffer to the
User-Address which has been provided by the
function's parameter.
It's up to the user to provide enough space for
all data.
}
...
User program which handles on a received Message.
Normally the program should use the Lin-ReceiveFunction which writes the received data in the userbuffer( given by function parameter)
LIN_vReceiveData(&UserBuffer)
}
LIN
UART
Figure 14
Handling of REC-ID usercall-back-function, LIN driver and UARTinterrupt.
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
7.10
LIN_vReceiveData
Prototype:
void LIN_vReceiveData(unsigned char*)
Parameters:
Pointer to unsigned char: address of the first data byte, where the
data should be stored in the USER-LIN-BUFFER
Return-Value:
None
Description:
This function copies all received data from the LIN transceiver buffer
to the USER-LIN-BUFFER. The user application has to provide the
address of the first byte in the USER-LIN-BUFFER. The ChecksumByte will not be copied. The ID is already present<f in the LIN
transceiver buffer .
Note:
See function LIN_vDefineUCBFunctionRxd and Figure 14
7.11
LIN_vDisconnect
Prototype:
void LIN_vDisconnect(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
None
Description:
This function disconnects the LIN-ECU from the LIN bus. The node
is unable to receive or send LIN data after this function call.
Note:
Each LIN-ECU will be disconnected after the LIN is initialized. The
user-application has to connect the LIN-ECU.
See also LIN_vConnect()
7.12
LIN_vConnect
Prototype:
void LIN_vConnect(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
None
Description:
This function connects the LIN-ECU to the LIN bus. The node is able
to receive or send LIN data after this function call.
Note:
Each LIN-ECU will be disconnected after the LIN is initialized. The
user-application has to connect the LIN-ECU.
Application Note
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LIN Driver for 16 bit microcontrollers
Appendix B: Function Description
See also LIN_vDisconnect()
7.13
LIN_ucGetID
Prototype:
Unsigned char LIN_ucGetID(unsigned char)
Parameters:
Unsigned char: The ID-Field (ID=6bits + Parity=2bits)
Return-Value:
Unsigned char: The ID (first 6 ID bits without parity-bits)
Description:
The mention of “ID” or “Identifier” in the LIN specification and in the
LIN driver normally means only the 6 bit-information and not the
whole ID-Field.
Example:
ID = 0 Æ ID-Field = 0x80
test = LIN_ucGetID(0x80)
result: test = = 0
rsp.
test = = 0x00
7.14
LIN_ucGetNOD
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucGetNOD(unsigned char)
Parameters:
Unsigned char: The ID-Field (ID=6bits + Parity=2bits)
Return-Value: Unsigned char: The number of databytes. Valid values for the return
value are 2, 4, or 8
Description:
The information of the number of databytes (NOD) is part of the ID
(bit 4 and 5).
Example:
test = LIN_ucGetNOD(0x80)
result: test = = 2
7.15
LIN_ucReadFlag_Sleep
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucReadFlag_Sleep(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
Unsigned char:
0x01: node is in sleepmode
Application Note
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Appendix B: Function Description
0x00: node not in sleepmode
Description:
This function returns the status of the sleep bit in the
NODE_STATUS Register. Use this function to check if the LIN-bus
is in sleepmode.
Example:
if(LIN_ucReadFlag_Sleep())
{
// ...some code which should be handled in
sleepmode...
}
7.16
LIN_ucReadFlag_ReadyForSynchbreak
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucReadFlag_ReadyForSynchbreak(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
Unsigned char:
0x02: node is Ready-For-Synchbreak
0x00: node is not Ready-For-Synchbreak
Description:
This function returns the status of the “ready_for_synchbreak” bit in
the NODE_STATUS Register. Use this function to check if the node
is ready for the next Synchronization Break.
Example:
if(LIN_ucReadFlag_ReadyForSynchbreak())
{
// ...e.g. set sleepmode...
}
7.17
LIN_ucReadFlag_WakeupPending
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucReadFlag_WakeupPending(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
Unsigned char:
0x02: wakeup-mode is pending
0x00: wakeup-mode is not pending
Description:
Application Note
This function returns the status of the “wakeup-pending” bit in the
PENDING_STATUS Register. Use this function to check if the node
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Appendix B: Function Description
will be set in wakeup-mode in the near future. For this, the node
should have been in sleepmode.
Example:
If (LIN_ucReadFlag_WakeUpPending())
{
// ...some code before going in awake-mode...
}
7.18
LIN_ucReadFlag_SleepPending
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucReadFlag_SleepPending(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
Unsigned char:
0x04: sleepmode is pending
0x00: sleepmode is not pending
Description:
This function returns the status of the “sleep-pending” bit in the
PENDING_STATUS Register. Use this function to check if the node
will be set in sleepmode in the near future.
Example:
if(LIN_ucReadFlag_SleepPending())
{
// ...some code before going in sleepmode...
}
7.19
LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
Unsigned char: The Error-Status-Byte
Description:
This function returns the Error-Status-Byte of the node. There are 6
different error flags.
typedef enum
{
bit_error = 0x01,
checksum_error
id_parity_error
slave_not_responding_error
inconsistent_synch_field_error
no_bus_activity_error
= 0x20
Application Note
43
=
=
=
=
0x02,
0x04,
0x08,
0x10,
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Appendix B: Function Description
}ERROR_STATUS;
Note:
See functions: LIN_vClear_ErrorStatus() and
LIN_ucReadFlag_SingleError()
See also LIN specification for error description.
Example:
if(LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus())
{
//...some code to check the Error-Status-Byte
}
7.20
LIN_vClear_ErrorStatus
Prototype:
void LIN_vClear_ErrorStatus(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
none
Description:
This function clears all error flags in the Error-Status-Byte of the
node.
typedef enum
{
bit_error = 0x01,
checksum_error
id_parity_error
slave_not_responding_error
inconsistent_synch_field_error
no_bus_activity_error
= 0x20
}ERROR_STATUS;
Note:
See
LIN
specification
error
=
=
=
=
0x02,
0x04,
0x08,
0x10,
description
and
function:
LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus()
Example:
LIN_vClear_ErrorStatus();
all error flags cleared
7.21
LIN_ucReadFlag_SingleError
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucReadFlag_SingleError(unsigned char)
Parameters:
Unsigned char: The bit, which should be read. See description.
Return-Value:
Unsigned char: If the flag is set then return the Error-Bit else 0x00
will returned. See description.
Application Note
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Appendix B: Function Description
Description:
With this function, you can read a special Error-Flag in the ErrorStatus-Byte of the node.
Possible and valid values for the parameter and returnvalue are:
bit_error
checksum_error
id_parity_error
slave_not_responding_error
inconsistent_synch_field_error
no_bus_activity_error
Note:
See
LIN
specification
error
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x01,
0x02,
0x04,
0x08,
0x10,
0x20
description
and
function:
LIN_ucRead_ErrorStatus()
Example:
7.22
if(LIN_ucReadFlag_SingleError(0x04))
{
// errorhandling on id_parity_error
}
LIN_vClearFlag_SingleError
Prototype:
void LIN_vClearFlag_SingleError(unsigned char)
Parameters:
Unsigned char: The bit, which should be cleared. See description.
Return-Value:
void
Description:
With this function, you can clear a special Error-flag in the ErrorStatus-Byte of the node.
Possible and valid values for the parameter are:
bit_error
checksum_error
id_parity_error
slave_not_responding_error
inconsistent_synch_field_error
no_bus_activity_error
Note:
See
LIN
specification
for
error
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x01
0x02
0x04
0x08
0x10
0x20
description
and
function:
LIN_ucRead_SingleError()
Example:
LIN_ucClearFlag_SingleError(0x04);
Result: id_parity_error-flag will be cleared.
Application Note
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Appendix B: Function Description
7.23
LIN_ucReadFlag_MessageSent
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucReadFlag_MessageSent(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
Unsigned char: this function returns sent status. See description.
Description:
This flag signals if a message has been sent. This flag should be
read only if node is ready for synchbreak (read corresponding flag in
the NODE_STATUS), otherwise it could be that the transfer is not
complete and you will read a wrong status. Reading this flag is
useful to check if an error has occurred while sending a message.
Example:
if(LIN_ucReadFlag_ReadyForSynchbreak())
// no bus activity
{
if(LIN_ucReadFlag_MessageSent())
// message has been sent and
// transmission complete
{
if(LIN_ucClearFlag_SingleError(0x08))
// check Error
{
// ...send the same data again...
// slave hasn't answered
}
}
}
The flag will be reset automatically after receiving a new synchbreak.
7.24
LIN_ucReadFlag_Disconnect
Prototype:
unsigned char LIN_ucReadFlag_Disconnect(void)
Parameters:
void
Return-Value:
Unsigned char: this function returns the disconnect flag status of the
NODE_STATUS-Byte.
Valid Return-Values:
0x08 node is disconnected from the LIN bus
0x00 node is connected to the LIN bus
Description:
Application Note
If you want to know if the node is connected to the LIN bus then you
can use this function shown in NOTE: Example
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Appendix B: Function Description
Example:
if(LIN_ucReadFlag_Disconnect())
{
LIN_vSetFlag_Connect();
}
Application Note
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
8
Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
Five different state-machines are described in this chapter. See figure 13. Each statemachine consists of substates called STATEs (see description below). It could be that
one state-machine consists of 4 or more states. Every time an external event occurs,
the counter of the state will be incremented.
Note: The state-machines are always described for a message with 2 databytes. The
handling of the states for 4 or 8 databytes will be the same
StateMachine
1
Send Header as 0x00 in slower
Baudrate (Master:
simultaneously Receive Header)
2
Receive Header as 0x00 in
normal Baudrate
3
4
5
Figure 15
8.1.1
Description
Send- Data-Procedure
Received ID was defined as
Send-ID.
Receive-Data-Procedure
Received ID was defined as
Receive-ID.
Monitor-Data-Procedure
received ID was
a) in Slave-Node not defined
b) in Master-Node defined as
Monitor-ID
Overview of LIN driver state-machines.
State-Machine 1: Send Header
Figure 16 shows an overview of the state-machine, which will be used when sending a
header on the LIN bus. For more details please have a look at the Appendix.
Application Note
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
start by Scheduling
StateMachine 1
RxD
Interrupt
STATE 1:
Sending
SynchBreak
STATE 2:
receive and
check
SynchBreak, send
SynchField
STATE 5:
to long FrameMessage.
Slave-NotResponding-Error
Salve not responding
END
State-Machine
RxD
Interrupt
STATE 4:
receive and check
ID-Field.
Set Mode.
a) Transmitter
b) Receiver
c) Monitor
RxD
Interrupt
STATE 3:
receive and
check SynchField,
Calculate and
send ID-Field
see next
State-Machine
3,4 or 5
Figure 16
Overview of state-machine 1: Sending Header. This state-machine
has 5 substates.
Table 5
STATE and the responsible Transceiver-Status
State
STATE 1: TS1
Respective Function
in LIN_vSendSynch0x00()-function
STATE 2: TS2
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function Æ
LIN_vReceiveSynch0x00(…)
STATE 3: TS4
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function Æ
LIN_vReceiveSynchField(…)
STATE 4: TS5
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function Æ
LIN_vReceiveIdField(…)
STATE 5: TIME_FrameMax
Application Note
in LIN_vCapCom_Interrupt()-function
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
8.1.2
State-Machine 2: Receive Header
Figure 17 shows an overview of the state-machine, which will be used when receiving
a header from the Master-Task. For more details please have a look at the Appendix.
StateMachine 2
Rxd-Interrupt
STATE 1:
receive and
check
SynchBreak
RxD
Interrupt
END
State-Machine
see next
State-Machine 3,4 or 5
Figure 17
STATE 2:
receive and
check SynchField,
Calculate and
check ID-Field
STATE 3:
receive and check
ID-Field.
Set Mode.
a) Transmitter
b) Receiver
c) Monitor
RxD
Interrupt
Overview of state-machine 2: Receiving Header. This state-machine
has 4 substates.
Application Note
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
Table 6
STATE and the responsible Transceiver-Status
State
Respective Function
STATE 1: TS1
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function Æ
LIN_vReceiveSynchBreak(…)
STATE 2: TS4
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function Æ
LIN_vReceiveSynchField(…)
STATE 3: TS5
8.1.3
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function Æ
LIN_vReceiveIdField(…)
State-Machine 3: Transmit databytes
Figure 18 shows an overview of the state-machine, which will be used when sending
the databytes on the bus if the ID was defined as SEND-ID. For more details please
have a look at the Appendix.
Application Note
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
start by function-call: User-Call-Back Function
(see previous State-Machine 1 or 2, State 4)
StateMachine 3
STATE 1:
UCB-Txd-function: get
address of User-Data,
save data in
transceiverbuffer and
send
first byte
RxD
Interrupt
STATE 2:
receive and
check first data
byte, send next
Data-Byte
END
State-Machine
RxD
Interrupt
STATE 4:
receive and check
Checksum-Field.
was ID-Field 0x80
set sleep-mode
else
set default-status
RxD
Interrupt
STATE 3:
receive and
check second
data byte,
calculate and
send ChecksumField
Figure 18
Overview of state-machine 3: Transmit databytes. This statemachine has 4 substates.
Table 7
STATE and the responsible Transceiver-Status
State
STATE 1: TS6
Respective Function
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function (function
call: UCB-Txd)
STATE 2: TS6
STATE 3: TS6
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
STATE 3: TS9
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
Application Note
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
8.1.4
State-Machine 4: Receive databytes
Figure 19 shows an overview of the state-machine, which will be used when receiving
the databytes from the bus if the ID was defined as REC-ID. For more details please
have a look at the Appendix.
start by receiving first Data-Byte
(see previous State-Machine 1 or 2
State 4)
STATE 1:
receive and
save first DataByte in
TransceiverBuffer
StateMachine 4
RxD
Interrupt
END
State-Machine
RxD
Interrupt
function call
UCB_RxD
STATE 4:
UCB-Rxd: save
received data-byte
in User-Lin-Buffer
Figure 19
STATE 2:
receive and
save 2. Data-Byte
in
TransceiverBuffer
STATE 3:
receive and save
Checksum in
Transceiver-Buffer.
Calculate and
compare received and
calculated
checksumbyte,
Overview of state-machine 4: Receive databytes. This statemachine has 4 substates.
Application Note
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
8.2
Description: STATE and the responsible Transceiver-Status
Table 8
STATE and the responsible Transceiver-Status
State
STATE 1: TS7
Respective Function
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
STATE 2: TS7
STATE 3: TS7
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
STATE 3: TS7
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function (function
call: UCB-Rxd)
8.2.1
State-Machine 5: Monitor
Figure 20 shows an overview of the state-machine, which will be used when receiving
the databytes from the bus if the ID is not defined in the slave node or if the ID is
defined as MON-ID in the master node.
a) SLAVE NODE: If the received ID was not defined then no error-detection is
needed, and the databytes don’t have to be saved in the user-buffer, but the
LIN driver will receive (or monitor) the databyte because: If the LIN driver would
stop the state-machine after receiving the ID-Field then the node would go in
the default state. After the ID-Field appears, the first databyte on the bus and
the Node in the default state would try to receive this databyte as a synchbreakbyte and an unnecessary error would occur.
b) MASTER_NODE: The master node has to check each message. Therefore, the
Slave task (in the master node) will calculate the Checksum and check if the
transfer was correct.
For more details please have a look at the Appendix.
Application Note
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Appendix C: LIN driver state-machines
start by receiving first Data-Byte
(see previous State-Machine 1 or 2
State 4)
StateMachine 5
STATE 1:
receive and
save first DataByte in
TransceiverBuffer
RxD
Interrupt
STATE 2:
receive and
save 2. Data-Byte
in
TransceiverBuffer
END
State-Machine
RxD
Interrupt
no UCB-function call
is needed
Checksum-Error-Check
only in Master-Mode
STATE 3:
receive and save
Checksum in
Transceiver-Buffer.
Calculate and
compare received and
calculated
checksumbyte,
Figure 20
Overview of state-machine 5: Receive databytes. This statemachine has 4 substates.
Table 9
STATE and the responsible Transceiver-Status
State
STATE 1: TS8
Respective Function
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
STATE 2: TS8
STATE 3: TS8
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
in LIN_vRxd_Interrupt()-function
Application Note
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Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
9
Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
The LIN driver operates by state-machines. To get an overview how the respective
state-machines work and which states are needed for the different LIN-Function, a
State Transition Table (STT) follows. This STT-description is needed in order to
understand the following detailed description of the state-machines.
Table 10
Legend
Symbol
Description
1
0 or blank
Bit is used
Bit is unused
X
A
Don’t care
Bit is used, see condition
Table 11
Abbreviations for the states
Symbol
MSx
Description
Main state of the node
NSx
TSx
State in the node status field
State in the transceiver status field
PSx
State in the pending status field
Status Fields
Typedef enum
{
l_sleep
l_ready_for_synchbreak
l_not_ready_for_synchbreak
l_disconnect
}NODE_STATUS;
Application Note
=
=
=
=
56
0x01,
0x02,
0x04,
0x08
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Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
typedef enum
{
l_default_status
= 1,
l_synchbreak_started
= 2,
l_syndel_started
= 3,
l_synchbreak_done
= 4,
l_synchfield_received
= 5,
l_i_am_transmitter
= 6,
l_i_am_receiver
= 7,
l_i_am_tester
= 8,
l_checksum_ok
= 9
}TRANSCEIVER_STATUS;
typedef enum
{
l_bit_error
l_checksum_error
l_id_parity_error
l_slave_not_responding_error
l_inconsistent_synch_field_error
l_no_bus_activity_error
}ERROR_STATUS;
typedef enum
{
l_default_pending
= 0x01,
l_wakeup_pending = 0x02,
l_sleep_pending
= 0x04
}PENDING_STATUS;
Table 12
0x01,
0x02,
0x04,
0x08,
0x10,
0x20
Main Modes
State
Mode
MS1
MASTER
MS2
SLAVE
Table 13
=
=
=
=
=
=
Description: #define statement
If defined as master, node has a master task
and a slave task
If defined as slave, node has only an slave task
Synchbreak Modes
State
Mode
Description: #define statement
SB0
SEND_SYNCH_
MODE:= 0
Generates synchbreak by sending 0x00 with
lower baudrate
SB1
SEND_SYNCH_
MODE:= 1
Generates synchbreak with compare function.
Application Note
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Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
State
Description: enum-statement
0x02 ready_for_synchbreak
0x04 not ready for synchbreak
0x08 disconnect
STT: Node Status Byte
0x01 sleep
Table 14
NS1
Node in sleepmode
1
0
0
0
NS2
Sending a new message is only possible if this bit is set.
0
1
0
0
NS3
Node not ready for new synchbreak
0
0
1
0
NS4
Node is not connected to the LIN bus
0
0
0
1
State
Description: enum-statement
0x02 wakeup_pending
0x04 sleep_pending
Pending Status Byte
0x01 default_pending
Table 15
PS1
No pending, default-status
1
0
0
PS2
Node is responsible for network wakeup procedure
0
1
0
PS3
Only available in master node: the sleep-frame will be sent
by the next opportunity
0
0
1
Application Note
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Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
Table 16
STT: Transceiver Status Byte
The synchbreak phase has been
finished
The synchfield has been received
TS5
Application Note
59
9 checksum_ok
TS4
8 i_am_tester
The synchDelimiter is currently being
sent
7 i_am_receiver
TS3
6 i_am_transmitter
The synchbreak is currently being sent
5 synchfield_received
TS2
4 synchbreak_done
TS1
• Master
• Synchbreak will be generated by
sending 0x00 with lower baudrate
Node in default state
3 syndel_started
Description:
• States needed for „Send Message“
2 synchbreak_started
State
1 default_status
Main Mode: MS1 and SB0 are set.
1
1
0
1
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Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
TS8
The node has only monitor function
TS9
The checksum-field has been received
correct
1
1
1
TS2
The synchbreak is currently being sent
TS3
The synchDelimiter is currently being
sent
TS4
The synchbreak phase has been
finished
The synchfield has been received
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
The node is destined for sending the
databytes
The node is destined for receiving the
databytes
The node has only monitor function
The checksum-field has been received
correctly
Application Note
60
9 checksum_ok
1
8 i_am_tester
Node in default state
7 i_am_receiver
TS1
State
6 i_am_transmitter
Description:
• States needed for „Send Message“
• Master
• Synchbreak will be generated by
compare function
1 default_status
Main Mode: MS1 and SB1 are set.
5 synchfield_received
STT: Transceiver Status Byte
4 synchbreak_done
Table 17
1
3 syndel_started
TS7
The node is destined for sending the
databytes
The node is destined for receiving the
databytes
2 synchbreak_started
TS6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
Table 18
STT: Transceiver Status Byte
Description:
All these states are handled by the
slave to receiving a header and:
• to send the data bytes
• to receive the data bytes
• to monitor the data bytes
1 default_status
2 synchbreak_started
3 syndel_started
4 synchbreak_done
5 synchfield_received
6 i_am_transmitter
7 i_am_receiver
8 i_am_tester
9 checksum_ok
Main Mode: MS2 and SB0 is set
Node Status: NS3 is set
TS1
Node in default state
1
TS2
The synchbreak is currently being sent
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TS3
The synchDelimiter is currently being
sent
The synchbreak phase has been
finished
The synchfield has been received
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
The node is destined for sending the
databytes
The node is destined for receiving the
databytes
The node has only monitor function
The checksum-field has been received
correct
Application Note
61
1
1
A
B
C
A
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Appendix D: LIN Driver Status Fields
The synchDelimiter is currently being
sent
TS4
The synchbreak phase has been
finished
The synchfield has been received
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
The node is destined for sending the
databytes
The node is destined for receiving the
databytes
The node has only monitor function
The checksum-field has been received
correctly
Application Note
62
0
0
0 0
9 checksum_ok
TS3
8 i_am_tester
The synchbreak is currently being sent
7 i_am_receiver
1
TS2
6 i_am_transmitter
Node in default state
5 synchfield_received
TS1
State
4 synchbreak_done
Description:
All these states are handled by the
slave to receiving a header and:
• to send the data bytes
• to receive the data bytes
• to monitor the data bytes
1 default_status
Main Mode: MS2 and SB1 are set
Node Status: NS3 is set
3 syndel_started
STT: Transceiver Status Byte
2 synchbreak_started
Table 19
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
A
B
C
A
V 1.3, 2004-08
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