A4970 Datasheet

A4970
Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
Features and Benefits
Description
▪ 750 mA continuous output current
▪ 45 V output sustaining voltage
▪ Internal clamp diodes
▪ Internal PWM current control
▪ Low output saturation voltage
▪ Internal thermal shutdown circuitry
▪ Pin compatible with UDx2916
▪ DMOS outputs
The A4970 motor driver drives both windings of a bipolar stepper
motor or bidirectionally controls two DC motors. Both bridges
are capable of sustaining 45 V and include internal pulse-width
modulation (PWM) control of the output current to 750 mA.
For PWM current control, the maximum output current is
determined by user selection of a reference voltage and sensing
resistor. Two logic-level inputs select output current limits of
0%, 33%, 67%, or 100% of the maximum level. A PHASE input
to each bridge determines load current direction.
Intrinsic diodes in the MOSFET output structure protect
against inductive transients. Internally generated delays prevent
crossover currents when switching current direction. Special
power-up sequencing is not required. Thermal protection
circuitry disables the outputs if the chip temperature exceeds
safe operating limits.
Package: 24-pin batwing wide SOIC
(package LB)
The device is supplied in a 24-pin surface-mount wide SOIC with
two pairs of batwing leads (LB). The webbed-pin construction
provides for maximum package power dissipation in the smallest
possible construction. The package is lead (Pb) free, with 100%
matte tin leadframe plating.
Not to scale
PWM Current-Control Circuitry
VBB 24
Channel 1
pin numbers
shown.
M
17
14
OUTA
OUTB
VREF 10
16 E
I 13
0
I1 12
Divide by
1, 1.5, or 3
w10
SENSE –
15
ONE
SHOT
+
RC
RS
A4970CDS, Rev. 1
SOURCE
DISABLE
9 RC
C
C
RT
CT
A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
Selection Guide
Part Number
Package
Packing
Ambient Temperature
(°C)
A4970GLBTR-T
24-pin batwing SOICW
1000 per reel
–40 to 105
A4970SLBTR-T
24-pin batwing SOICW
1000 per reel
–20 to 85
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristic
Symbol
Motor Supply Voltage
VBB
Logic Supply Voltage
VCC
Input Voltage
VIN
Notes
Rating
Units
45
V
6.0
V
I0x, I1x, PHASEx pins
–0.3 to 6.0
V
VREF pin
–0.3 to 8.0
V
VE
750
mV
Sense Voltage
VSENSE
750
mV
1.0
A
Output Current*
IOUT
750
mA
Reference Input Voltage
Output Emitter Voltage
VREF
Peak
Continuous
Package Power Dissipation
PD
See graph
Output current rating may be limited by duty
cycle, ambient temperature, and heat sinking.
Under any set of conditions, do not exceed the
specified current rating or TJ(max)
—
W
Range G
–40 to 105
ºC
Range S
Operating Ambient Temperature
TA
–20 to 85
ºC
Maximum Junction Temperature
TJ(max)
150
ºC
Tstg
–55 to 150
ºC
Storage Temperature
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
2
A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
Power Dissipation
R JT = 6.0°C/W
4
3
2
RJA = 55°C/W*
1
0
25
50
75
100
TEMPERATURE IN °C
125
150
*Measured on a single-layer board, with 1 sq. in. of 2 oz copper area.
For additional information, refer to the Allegro Web site.
Pin-out Diagram
24
LOAD SUPPLY
I 12
2
23
OUT2B
PHASE 2
3
22
SENSE 2
V REF 2
4
21
E2
RC 2
5
20
OUT 2A
GROUND
6
19
GROUND
GROUND
7
18
GROUND
LOGIC SUPPLY
8
17
OUT1A
RC 1
99
16
E1
V REF 1
10
15
SENSE 1
PHASE 1
11
14
OUT1B
I 11
12
13
I 01
PWM 2
1
θ2
VBB
I 02
V CC
θ1
PWM 1
ALLOWABLE PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION IN WATTS
5
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
3
A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Valid at TA = 25°C, TJ ≤ 150°C, VBB = 45 V, VCC = 4.75 to 5.25 V, VREF = 5.0 V,
unless otherwise noted
Characteristics
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
7.45
–
45
V
–
< 1.0
50
μA
Output Drivers (OUTA or OUTB)
Motor Supply Range
Output Leakage Current
Output MOSFET On Resistance
Clamp Diode Leakage Current
Clamp Diode Forward Voltage
Driver Supply Current
VBB
ICEX
RDS(on)
I0 = I1 = 2.4 V, VOUT = 45.0 V
VOUT = 0.0 V
–
< –1.0
–50
μA
Sink Driver, IOUT = 750 mA
–
0.3
0.75
Ω
Source Driver, IOUT = –750 mA
–
1.0
1.85
Ω
IR
VR = 45 V
–
< 1.0
50
μA
VF
IF = 750 mA
–
0.95
2
V
IBB(ON)
Both bridges on, I0 = I1 = 0.8 V, no load
–
5
10
mA
IBB(OFF)
Both bridges off, I0 = I1 = 2.4 V, no load
–
3
7.5
mA
Control Logic
Input Voltage
VIN(1)
All inputs
2.4
–
–
V
VIN(0)
All inputs
–
–
0.8
V
VIN = 2.4 V
–
<1.0
20
μA
Input Current
IIN(1)
VIN = 0.8 V
–
– 3.0
–200
μA
Reference Voltage Range
VREF
Operating
1.5
–
7.5
V
Reference Input Current
IREF
VREF = 7.5 V
Current Limit Threshold
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
Total Logic Supply Current
Fixed Off-Time
VREF/
VSENSE
–
–
150
μA
I0 = I1 = 0.8 V
9.5
10
10.5
–
I0 = 2.4 V, I1 = 0.8 V
13.5
15
16.5
–
I0 = 0.8 V, I1 = 2.4 V
25.5
30
34.5
–
–
170
–
°C
–
3.0
7.5
mA
TJ
ICC(ON)
I0 = I1 = 0.8 V, no load
ICC(OFF)
I0 = I1 = 2.4 V, no load
–
3.5
7.5
mA
RT = 56 kΩ, CT = 820 pF
42
46
50
μs
VCC rising
–
4
–
V
–
200
–
mV
toff
VCC Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
Threshold
VCCUVLO
VCC Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
Threshold
VCCUVLOHYS
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
4
A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
PWM CURRENT CONTROL
The A4970 dual bridges drive both windings of a bipolar stepper
motor. Output current is sensed and controlled independently
in each bridge by an external sense resistor, RS , internal
comparator, and monostable multivibrator.
When the bridge is turned on, current increases in the motor
winding and it is sensed by the external sense resistor until the
sense voltage, VSENSE , reaches the level set at the comparator
input:
ITRIP = VREF/10 RS
The comparator then triggers the monostable, which turns off
the source driver of the bridge.
The actual load current peak will be slightly higher than the
trip point (especially for low-inductance loads) because of the
internal logic and switching delays. This delay, td , is typically 2
μs. After turn-off, the motor current decays, circulating through
the ground-clamp diode and sink transistor. The source driver
off-time (and therefore the magnitude of the current decrease)
is determined by the external RC timing components of the
monostable:
where:
This equation assumes that the current control loop duty cycle
is greater than 5% and the voltage on the SENSE pin will reach
99% of the target value set for VSENSE. These assumptions will
apply to the majority of applications and can be regarded as a
starting value for further optimization by calculation or waveform
measurement.
Depending on load type, many applications will not require these
external components (SENSE connected to E).
PWM OUTPUT CURRENT WAVE FORM
V P HAS E
+
I OUT
0
–
toff = RTCT
I T R IP
td
RT = 20 to 100 kΩ, and
CT = 100 to 1000 pF.
The fixed off-time should be short enough to keep the current
chopping above the audible range (< 46 μs) and long enough to
properly regulate the current. Because only slow-decay current
control is available, short off times (< 10 μs) require additional
efforts to ensure proper current regulation. Factors that can
negatively affect the ability to properly regulate the current when
using short off times include: higher motor-supply voltage, light
load, and longer than necessary blank time.
toff
Dwg. WM-003-1A
LOAD CURRENT PATHS
V
BB
When the source driver is re-enabled, the winding current (the
sense voltage) is again allowed to rise to the comparator’s
threshold. This cycle repeats itself, maintaining the average
motor winding current at the desired level.
Loads with high distributed capacitances may result in high turnon current peaks. This peak (appearing across RS) will attempt
to trip the comparator, resulting in erroneous current control or
high-frequency oscillations. An external RCCC time delay should
be used to further delay the action of the comparator.
The time constant for the delay to produce suitable blank time can
be estimated using:
RCCC = 0.0114 × RTCT
RS
Bridge On
Source Off, Slow Decay
All Off, Fast Decay
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
5
A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
LOGIC CONTROL OF OUTPUT CURRENT
Two logic level inputs (I0 and I1) allow digital selection of the motor
winding current at 100%, 67%, 33%, or 0% of the maximum level per the
table. The 0% output current condition turns off all drivers in the bridge and
can be used as an OUTPUT ENABLE function.
CURRENT-CONTROL TRUTH TABLE
l0
I1
Output Current
L
L
VREF/10 RS = ITRIP
H
L
VREF/15 RS = 2/3 ITRIP
L
H
VREF/30 RS = 1/3 ITRIP
H
H
0
GENERAL
These logic level inputs greatly enhance the implementation of microprocessor
controlled drive formats.
During half-step operations, the I0 and I1 allow the microprocessor to
control the motor at a constant torque between all positions in an eight-step se-
TYPICAL APPLICATION
V
BB
1
2
3
820 pF
CT
4
21
5
20
6
19
8
+5 V
REF
10
15
12
RS
STEPPER
MOTOR
17
16
θ1
RC
18
99
11
FROM
μP
V CC
PWM 1
820 pF
CT
V
CC
22
θ2
7
56 k7
RT
+
23
VBB
VREF
56 k7
RT
24
PWM 2
FROM
μP
14
RS
quence. This is accomplished by digitally selecting
100% drive current when only one phase is on and
67% drive current when two phases are on. Logic
highs on both I0 and I1 turn-off all drivers to allow
rapid current decay when switching phases. This
helps to ensure proper motor operation at high step
rates.
The logic control inputs can also be used to
select a reduced current level (and reduced power
dissipation) for "hold" conditions and/or increased
current (and available torque) for start-up conditions.
The PHASE input to each bridge determines
the direction motor winding current flows. An internally generated dead time (approximately 2 μs)
prevents crossover currents that can occur when
switching the PHASE input.
All four drivers in the bridge output can be
turned-off between steps (I0 = I1 ≥ 2.4 V), resulting in a fast current decay through the internal
output clamp and flyback diodes. The fast current
decay is desirable in half-step and high-speed applications. The PHASE, I0 ,and I1 inputs float high.
Varying the reference voltage, VREF , provides continuous control of the peak load current
for micro-stepping applications.
Thermal protection circuitry turns-off all
drivers when the junction temperature reaches
+170°C. It is only intended to protect the device
from failures due to excessive junction temperature and should not imply that output short circuits
are permitted. The output drivers are re-enabled
when the junction temperature cools to +145°C.
The A4970 output drivers are optimized for
500 mA operating current. Under normal operating conditions, when combined with the excellent
thermal properties of the package designs, this
allows continuous operation of both bridges simultaneously at 500 mA.
RC
CC
TRUTH TABLE
13
PHASE
OUTA
OUTB
H
L
H
L
L
H
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
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A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
APPLICATION NOTES
Current Sensing
To minimize current sensing inaccuracies caused by ground trace
IR drops, each current-sensing resistor should have a separate
return to the ground terminal of the device. For low-value sense
resistors, the IR drops in the PCB can be significant and should
be taken into account. The use of sockets should be avoided as
their contact resistance can cause variations in the effective value
of RS.
Generally, larger values of RS reduce the aforementioned effects
but can result in excessive heating and power loss in the sense
resistor. The selected value of RS should not cause the maximum
operating voltage of 0.75 V (VREF(max)/10), for the VE terminal,
to be exceeded. The recommended value of RS is in the range of:
RS = 0.50 / ITRIP(max) .
If desired, the reference input voltage can be filtered by placing
a capacitor from VREF to ground. The ground return for this
capacitor as well as the bottom of any resistor divider used
should be independent of the high-current power-ground trace to
avoid changes in VREF due to IR drops.
Thermal Considerations
For normal operation it is recommended that the maximum
operating junction temperature be 145°C, which is below the
operating range of the TSD system. The junction temperature can
be measured best by attaching a thermocouple to the batwing of
the device, and measuring the pin temperature, TPIN. The junction
temperature can then be approximated by using the formula:
TJ = TPIN + (2 × ILOAD × VF × RθJT) ,
where VF can be chosen from the electrical specification table
for the given level of ILOAD. The value for RθJT is approximately
6°C/W.
The power dissipation of the batwing package can be improved
20% to 30% by adding a section of printed circuit board copper
(typically 6 to 18 square centimeters) connected to the batwing
terminals of the device.
The thermal performance in applications that run at high load
currents, high duty cycles, or both, can be improved by adding
external diodes from each output to ground in parallel with the
internal diodes. Fast-recovery (≤200 ns) diodes should be used to
minimize switching losses.
Load Supply Terminal
The load supply terminal, VBB, should be decoupled with an
electrolytic capacitor (≥47 μF is recommended), placed as close
to the device as is physically practical. To minimize the effect of
system ground IR drops on the logic and reference input signals,
the system ground should have a low-resistance return to the load
supply voltage.
Fixed Off-Time Selection
With increasing values of tOFF, switching losses decrease, lowlevel load current regulation improves, EMI reduces, PWM
frequency decreases, and ripple current increases. The value of
tOFF can be chosen for optimization of these parameters. For
applications where audible noise is a concern, typical values of
tOFF should be chosen in the range of 15 to 35 μs.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
7
A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
Package LB, 24-pin SOICW
External batwings, Pins 6, 7, 18, and 19 are fused internally
15.40±0.20
4° ±4
24
+0.07
0.27 –0.06
10.30±0.33
7.50±0.10
A
1
24
2.20
9.60
+0.44
0.84 –0.43
2
1
2
0.65
0.25
24X
SEATING
PLANE
0.10 C
0.41 ±0.10
1.27
2.65 MAX
0.20 ±0.10
C
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
1.27
B PCB Layout Reference View
For Reference Only
Pins 6, 7, 18, and 19 are fused internally
(Reference JEDEC MS-013 AD)
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
A Terminal #1 mark area
B Reference pad layout (reference IPC SOIC127P1030X265-24M)
All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary
to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
8
A4970
Dual Full-Bridge Motor Driver
Revision History
Revision
Revision Date
Rev. 1
December 19, 2011
Description of Revision
Add G temperature range
Copyright ©2009-2013, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to
permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the
failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system.
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use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
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115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
9