A5929 Datasheet

A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
DESCRIPTION
• High current Full-Bridge gate drive for n-channel
MOSFETs
• Cross-conduction protection
• 5.5 V to 50 V Supply Voltage Range
• Motor phase short to supply and short to ground
detection
• Undervoltage, overtemperature monitors
• Low Current Sleep Mode
The A5929 is a full-bridge controller for use with n-channel
external power MOSFETs and is specifically designed for
automotive applications.
A unique charge pump regulator provides full (>10 V) gate
drive at battery voltages down to 7 V and allows the A5929
to operate with reduced gate drive at battery voltages down
to 5.5 V. A bootstrap capacitor is used to provide the above
battery supply voltage required for n-channel MOSFETs.
One logic level input is provided for each of the four power
MOSFETs in the full-bridge, allowing motors to be driven
with any PWM scheme defined by an external controller.
The power MOSFETs are protected from cross-conduction
by integrated crossover control.
PACKAGE:
24-Pin eTSSOP with exposed thermal pad (suffix LP)
Motor phase short-to-supply and short-to-ground detection
is provided by independent drain-source voltage monitors
on each MOSFET. Short faults, supply undervoltage, and
chip over-temperature conditions are indicated by a single
open drain fault output.
The A5929 is supplied in a 24-pin TSSOP power package with an exposed thermal pad (package type LP). This
package is available in lead (Pb) free versions, with 100%
matte-tin lead frame plating (suffix –T).
Not to scale
VBAT
VDD
A5929
MCU
Typical Application Diagram
A5929-DS
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
SPECIFICATIONS
Selection Guide
Part Number
Packing
Package
A5929KLPTR-T
4000 pieces per reel
9.7mm x 4.4mm, 1.2mm nominal height
24 lead TSSOP with exposed thermal pad
Absolute Maximum Ratings 1
Characteristic
Load Supply Voltage
Symbol
Notes
VBB
Rating
Unit
-0.3 to 50
V
Terminal VREG
-0.3 to 16
V
Terminals CP1, CP2
-0.3 to 16
V
Logic Inputs AHI, ALO, BHI, BLO, and
ENAB
-0.3 to 6.5
V
Terminal VBRG
-5 to 55
V
Terminal LSS
-4 to 6.5
V
Terminals SA, SB
-5 to 55
V
Terminals GHA, GHB
Sx to Sx+15
V
Terminals GLA, GLB
-5 to 16
V
-0.3 to Sx+15
V
Terminal FAULT
-0.3 to 6.5
V
Terminal VDSTH
-0.3 to 6.5
V
TA
-40 to 150
ºC
TJ(max)
165
ºC
175
ºC
-55 to 150
ºC
Test Conditions
Value
Unit
4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
28
ºC/W
38
ºC/W
2
ºC/W
Terminals CA, CB
Ambient Operating Temperature
Range 2
Maximum continuous junction
temperature
Transient Junction Temperature
TtJ
Storage Temperature Range
Tstg
1 With
Over temperature event not exceeding 10s, lifetime
duration not exceeding 10hours, determined by design
characterisation.
respect to GND.
by power dissipation.
2 Limited
Thermal Characteristics 3 may require derating at maximum conditions
Characteristic
Package Thermal Resistance
Symbol
RθJA
RθJP
3Additional
2-layer PCB with 3.8
in2
Copper each side
thermal information available on the Allegro website.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
2
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
LSS
1
24 BLO
NC
2
23 BHI
GLB
3
22 ALO
GHB
4
21 AHI
SB
5
20 FAULT
CB
6
19 VDSTH
PAD
GLA
7
18 ENAB
GHA
8
17 GND
SA
9
16 VBRG
CA 10
15 VBB
NC
11
14 CP1
VREG 12
13 CP2
Package LP, 24-Pin eTSSOP Pin-out Diagram
Terminal List Table
Number
Name
Number
Name
1
LSS
Common Low-side Source
Function
13
CP2
Pump Capacitor
Function
2
NC
No connect
14
CP1
Pump Capacitor
3
GLB
Phase B Low-side Gate Drive
15
VBB
Main Power Supply
4
GHB
Phase B High-side Gate Drive
16
VBRG
High-side Drain voltage sense
5
SB
Phase B Motor Connection
17
GND
Ground
6
CB
Phase B Bootstrap Capacitor
18
ENAB
Enable Input
7
GLA
Phase A Low-side Gate Drive
19
VDSTH
VDS Monitor Threshold Voltage
8
GHA
Phase A High-side Gate Drive
20
FAULT
Diagnostic output
9
SA
Phase A Motor Connection
21
AHI
Phase A HS control
10
CA
Phase A Bootstrap Capacitor
22
ALO
Phase A LS control
11
NC
No connect
23
BHI
Phase B HS control
12
VREG
Gate Drive Supply Output
24
BLO
Phase B LS control
–
PAD
Exposed thermal pad-Connect to GND
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
3
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
Battery +
CP
VBB
CP2
CP1
VBAT
Charge
Pump
Regulator
VREG
Logic Supply
Regulator
VBRG
ENAB
CA
CBOOTA
AHI
GHA
HS
Drive
VDS
Monitor
RGHA
RGHB
RGLA
RGLB
SA
VREG
ALO
VDS
Monitor
LS
Drive
Control
Logic
GLA
Phase A
LSS
As Above
for Phase B
BHI
CB
GHB
CBOOTB
SB
BLO
GLB
FAULT
VDSTH
Diagnostics &
Protection
PAD
GND
Functional Block Diagram
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
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4
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: valid at TJ = -40 to +150°C, VBB = 7 to 50 V; unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Supply & Reference
VBB Functional Operating Range 2
VBB Quiescent Current
Correct Function Parameters not Guaranteed
5.5
–
50
V
IBBQ
Operational Mode, Outputs Low VBB = 12 V
–
6
14
mA
IBBS
Sleep Mode, VBB = 12 V, ENAB < 0.6 V
–
–
10
µA
12.5
13
13.75
V
7.5 V < VBB ≤ 9 V, IREG = 0 mA to 10 mA
12.0
13
13.75
V
6 V < VBB ≤ 7.5 V, IREG = 0 mA to 9 mA
2×VBB-3.0
–
–
V
VBB > 9 V, IREG = 0 mA to 15 mA
VREG Output Voltage
Bootstrap Diode Forward Voltage
Bootstrap Diode Resistance
Bootstrap Diode Current Limit
VREG
VfBOOT
rD
5.5 V < VBB ≤ 6 V, IREG < 8 mA
8.5
9.5
–
V
ID = 10 mA
0.4
0.7
1.0
V
ID = 100 mA
1.5
2.2
3.1
V
6
13
28
Ω
250
500
750
mA
rD(100 mA) = (VfBOOT(150 mA) – VfBOOT(50 mA))/
100 mA
IDBOOT
Disable Time
tSLT
From ENAB < VIL to Gxx low
200
ns
Sleep Mode Activation Timeout
tSLT
From ENAB < VIL
7.5
10
12.5
ms
Wake Up from Sleep Delay
tWK
ENAB > VIH. CREG < 1 µF
–
–
1
ms
Turn-on Time
tr
CLOAD = 1 nF, 20% to 80%
–
35
–
ns
Turn-off Time
tf
CLOAD = 1 nF, 80% to 20%
–
20
–
ns
TJ = 25°C, IGHx = -150 mA
5
8
13
TJ = 150°C, IGHx = -150 mA
10
15
24
TJ = 25°C, IGLx = 150 mA
1.5
2.4
4.6
TJ = 150°C, IGLx = 150 mA
2.5
4
6.5
Gate Output Drive
Pull-up On Resistance
RDS(on)UP
Pull-down On Resistance
RDS(on)DN
GHx Output Voltage High
VGHH
VCx -0.2
–
–
V
GHx Output Voltage Low
VGHL
–
–
VSX+0.3
V
GLx Output Voltage High
VGLH
VREG-0.2
–
–
V
GLx Output Voltage Low
VGLL
–
–
VLSS+0.3
V
GHx Passive Pull-down
RGHPD
VGHx - VSx < 0.3 V
–
400
–
kΩ
GLx Passive Pull-down
RGLPD
VGLx - VLSS < 0.3 V
–
400
–
kΩ
Bootstrap Capacitor fully charged
Ω
Ω
Turn-off Propagation Delay 3
tP(off)
Input change to unloaded Gate output change
60
90
180
ns
Turn-on Propagation Delay 3
tP(on)
Input change to unloaded Gate output change
60
90
180
ns
Prop Delay Matching – Phase to
Phase
DtPP
Same phase change
–
10
–
ns
Prop Delay Matching - On to Off
DtOO
Single phase
–
30
–
ns
Continued on the next page…
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
5
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued): valid at TJ = -40 to +150°C, VBB = 7 to 50 V; unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Logic Inputs & Outputs
Input Low Voltage (xHI, xLO)
VIL
–
–
0.8
V
Input High Voltage (xHI, xLO)
VIH
2.0
–
–
V
Input Low Voltage (ENAB)
VIL
–
–
0.8
V
Input Low Voltage (ENAB)
VIL
–
–
0.6
V
Input High Voltage (ENAB)
Minimum power sleep mode
VIH
2.0
–
–
V
Input Hysteresis (xHI, xLO) (ENAB)
VIhys
100
300
–
mV
Input Pull-down Resistor (xHI, xLO)
RPD
–
50
–
kΩ
Input Pulse Filter Time (xHI,xLO)
tPIN
–
35
–
ns
VDS Disable Voltage
VDSD
–
–
100
mV
Fault Disable Voltage
VFLTD
Output Low Voltage (FAULT)
VOL
Output Leakage (FAULT)1
IO
–
–
0.5
V
IOL = 1 mA. No Fault indicated
–
0.2
0.4
V
0 V < VO < 5.5 V, Fault indicated
-1
–
1
µA
Protection
VREGON
VREG rising
7.5
8
8.5
V
VREGOFF
VREG falling
6.75
7.25
7.75
V
Bootstrap Undervoltage
VBOOTUV
VBOOT falling, VCx – VSx
62
–
75
%VREG
Bootstrap Undervoltage Hysteresis
VBOOTHys
–
9
–
%VREG
1.1
1.2
1.3
V
0.2
–
2
V
-3
–
3
µA
VBB-1
VBB
VBB+1
V
–
–
250
µA
VDSTH ≥ 1 V
–
±100
–
VDSTH < 1 V
-150
±50
+150
VDSTH ≥1 V
–
±100
–
VDSTH <1V
-150
±50
+150
VREG Undervoltage Lockout
VDS Threshold Internal
VDSTHI
VDS Threshold Range
VDSTH
VDS Threshold Input Leakage
VDSTHL
VBRG Input Voltage
VBRG
VBRG Input Current
IVBRG
Short-to-Ground Threshold Offset
VSTGO
Short-to-Battery Threshold Offset
VSTBO
VDSTH > 2.7 V
0 V < VDSTH < 5.5 V
VDSTH = 2 V, VBB = 12 V; 0 V < VBRG < VBB
mV
mV
VDS Fault Blank Time
tBL
1.5
2.3
4.5
µs
Over-temperature Warning
TJF
Temperature increasing
170
–
180
ºC
TJHyst
Recovery = TJF - TJHyst
–
15
–
ºC
Over-temperature Hysteresis
1 For
input and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourced by) the specified device terminal.
2 Function is correct but parameters are not guaranteed below the general limits (7V).
3 See Figure 1 for gate drive output timing.
xH
xL
tP(off)
tP(off)
tP(on)
tP(on)
GHx
GLx
Figure 1: Gate Drive Timing
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
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A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The A5929 provides four high current gate drives capable of driving a wide range of n-channel power MOSFETs. The gate drives
are configured as two high-side and two low-side drives. The
four gate drives are controlled by individual TTL-threshold logic
inputs which may be driven from 3.3 V or 5 V logic outputs.
CA, CB
The A5929 provides all necessary circuitry to ensure that the
gate-source turn-on voltages of both high-side and low-side
external MOSFETs are driven above 10 V at supply voltages
down to 7 V. For extreme low battery voltage conditions, correct functional operation is maintained down to 5.5 V but with a
reduced gate drive.
High-side, gate-drive outputs for external n channel MOSFETs.
The control inputs to the A5929 provide a simple solution for
many motor drive applications controlled by an external microcontroller or DSP. Phase commutation and PWM control must be
managed by the external system controller.
Specific device functions are described more fully in the following sections.
Input & Output Terminal Functions
VBB
Power supply for all device functions including internal logic and
Charge Pump.
System power should be connected to VBB through a reverse
voltage protection circuit. The VBB pin should be decoupled to
ground with ceramic capacitors mounted physically close to the
device pins.
CP1, CP2
Pump capacitor connection for charge pump. Connect a minimum
220nF, typically 470nF, between CP1 and CP2.
VREG
Regulated voltage, nominally 13 V, used to supply the low side
gate drivers and to charge the bootstrap capacitors. A sufficiently
large storage capacitor must be connected to this terminal to
provide the transient charging current.
GND
Analogue reference, Digital and power ground. Connect to supply ground – see layout recommendations.
High-side connections for the bootstrap capacitors and positive
supply for high-side gate drivers.
GHA, GHB
SA, SB
Load phase connections. Used to sense the voltages switched
across the load. Also connected to the negative side of the bootstrap capacitors and constitute the negative supply connections
for the floating high-side drivers.
GLA, GLB
Low-side, gate-drive outputs for external n-channel MOSFETs.
LSS
Low-side return path for discharge of the capacitance on the
MOSFET gates, connected to the common sources of the lowside external MOSFETs through a low impedance track.
VBRG
Sense input to the top of the external MOSFET bridge. Allows
accurate measurement of the voltage at the drains of the high side
MOSFETs.
AHI, BHI
Input to control the high-side gate drives. A logic high commands
the relevant high-side gate drive to be activated.
ALO, BLO
Input to control the low-side gate drives. A logic high commands
the relevant low-side gate drive to be activated.
ENAB
Enable input to control all outputs and sleep mode. A logic high
enables the outputs to be active. A logic low immediately disables
all gate drive outputs and causes the A5929 to enter sleep mode
after the Sleep Mode Activation Timeout.
FAULT
Open drain active-high fault output. If a fault is present the open-
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115 Northeast Cutoff
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7
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
drain pull-down is off and the FAULT input may be pulled high
by an external pull-up resistor connected to any voltage up to a
maximum of 5.5 V.
regulated supply is maintained by a charge pump boost converter
which requires a pump capacitor, typically 470 nF, connected
between the CP1 and CP2 terminals.
VDSTH
The regulated voltage, nominally 13 V, is available on the VREG
terminal. A sufficiently large storage capacitor (See applications
section) must be connected to this terminal to provide the transient charging current to the low side drivers and the bootstrap
capacitors.
Drain source fault threshold programming pin. The VDS fault
threshold may be set by applying an externally generated
analogue voltage. VDS fault reporting is disabled if VDSTH
is driven to less than VDSD (e.g. shorted to ground). The VDS
fault threshold is set to an internally hardwired value, VDSTHI, if
VDSTH is driven to a voltage above its specified analogue input
range (e.g. pulled up to the system logic supply voltage).
Power Supplies
A single supply voltage (VBB) applied to the VBB terminal
powers all device functions including on-chip logic, analogue
circuitry, and output drivers.
It should be connected to the positive supply through a reverse
voltage protection circuit and decoupled by a ceramic capacitor
mounted close to the VBB and GND terminals.
The A5929 will operate within specified performance limits with
VBB between 7V to 50V and will function correctly with VBB as
low as 5.5V.
Sleep Mode
A low power ‘sleep’ mode is activated when a logic low is
applied to the ENAB input for a period equal to the Sleep Mode
Activation Timeout (tSLT). As soon as ENAB is low all gate drive
outputs will be switched off. Once in sleep mode all outputs are
switched to a high impedance state.
Operating mode is active within a period equal to the Wake Up
from Sleep Delay (tWK) from a logic high being detected on the
ENAB input. It is recommended that all xLO inputs are simultaneously driven to logic high (GLx turned on) when waking from
sleep in order to recharge the bootstrap capacitors and enable
subsequent high side turn on.
CP1,CP2, VREG
The gate drivers are powered by an internal regulator which
limits the supply to the drivers and therefore the maximum gate
voltage. For VBB supply greater than approximately 16V the
regulator operates in a linear regulator mode. Below 16V the
Gate Drives
The A5929 is designed to drive external, low on-resistance,
power n channel MOSFETs. It will supply the large transient
currents necessary to quickly charge and discharge the external
MOSFET gate capacitances in order to reduce dissipation in the
external MOSFET during switching. Charge current for the lowside drives is provided directly by the capacitor on the VREG
terminal. Charge current for the high-side drives is delivered via
the bootstrap capacitors connected, one per phase, across the Cx,
Sx terminal pairs. Charge and discharge rate can be controlled by
incorporating an external resistor in series with each MOSFET
gate drive (GHx, GLx).
High-side Gate Drive. GHA/GHB
High-side, gate-drive outputs for external n channel MOSFETs.
An external resistor between the GHx gate drive output and the
MOSFET gate terminal (mounted as close to the latter as possible) may be used to control the slew rate at the gate, thereby
controlling the di/dt and dv/dt of the voltage at the Sx terminals.
GHx “high” turns on the upper half of the driver, sourcing current to the gate of the high-side MOSFET in the external motordriving bridge, turning it on. GHx “low” turns on the lower half
of the driver, sinking current from the external MOSFET’s gate
circuit to the respective Sx terminal, turning it off.
Bootstrap Charge Management
Bootstrap capacitors are charged to approximately VREG when
the associated Sx terminal is driven low. When the Sx terminal
subsequently swings high, the capacitor provides the necessary
voltage for high-side n-channel power MOSFET turn-on. At system start up it is necessary to turn on each low side drive (GLx)
prior to attempting to turn on the complementary high side (GHx)
in order to charge the bootstrap capacitors.
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115 Northeast Cutoff
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8
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
Low-side Gate Drive. GLA/GLB
The low-side, gate-drive outputs on GLA and GLB are referenced
to the LSS terminal. These outputs are designed to drive external
n-channel power MOSFETs. An external resistor between the
GLx gate drive output and the MOSFET gate terminal (mounted
as close to the latter as possible) may be used to control the slew
rate at the gate, thereby providing some control of the di/dt and
dv/dt of the voltage at the Sx terminals. GLx “high” turns on the
upper half of the driver, sourcing current to the gate of the lowside MOSFET in the external motor-driving bridge, turning it on.
GLx “low” turns on the lower half of the driver, sinking current
from the external MOSFET’s gate circuit to the to the LSS terminal, turning it off.
5.5 V
Internal 1
Threshold set to internal value (VDSTHI)
with accuracy specified in Electrical
Characteristics table.
2.7 V
Intermediate
2
Drain Source Voltage Monitor
The VDS fault threshold is set by applying a control voltage on
the VDSTH pin as detailed in Figure 2.
If a voltage between 0.2 V and 2.0 V is applied the threshold
will follow this level subject to the Short to Ground Threshold
(VSTGO) and Short to Battery Threshold (VSTBO) Offsets detailed
in the Electrical Characteristics table.
2.3 V
External
Threshold set to voltage approx. equal
to that applied on VDSTH pin.
Accuracy not specified.
VDSTH(max)
2.0 V
If a voltage between 2.0 V and 2.3 V is applied the threshold will
approximate the applied level but accuracy is not specified.
External
Threshold set to voltage applied on
VDSTH pin with accuracy specified in
Electrical Characteristics table.
If the VDSTH pin is driven below the VDS Disable Voltage
(VDSD) of 0.1 V (e.g. shorted to ground) VDS fault reporting is
disabled.
If the VDSTH pin is taken above 2.7 V (e.g. pulled up to the system logic supply voltage) the threshold is set to the VDS Threshold Internal (VDSTH) voltage detailed in the Electrical Characteristics table (typically 1.2 V).
The VDSTH pin presents a high impedance at all voltages across
its permissible input range (per the VDS Threshold Input Leakage limits detailed in the Electrical Characteristics table, VDSTHL)
allowing a wide range of programming circuits to be used including simple resistive dividers.
The VDSTH input has an internal passive first-order filter with
a time constant of approximately 10 µs. Additional filter capacitance may be added externally if required.
0.2 V
VDSTH(min)
Intermediate 2
VDSD
0.1 V
Disable
0V
1
2
VDSTH pin typically tied to system logic supply voltage.
Behaviour indeterminate due to threshold detection uncertainty.
Figure 2: VDSTH Pin Voltage versus VDS Monitor
Function
Logic Control Inputs
A set of discrete digital inputs (xHI, xLO) provides direct control
of the four gate drive outputs (GHx, GLx). TTL input threshold
levels ensure these can be driven from 3.3 V or 5 V logic systems.
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9
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
Setting a logic input high causes the corresponding gate drive
output to swing high thereby commanding the associated external
MOSFET to turn on. Conversely, setting a logic input low swings
the corresponding gate drive low commanding the MOSFET off.
Table 2: Fault Definitions
FAULT
Fault Description
Outputs
Disabled
Fault Latched
Low
No Fault
No
-
Internal lock-out logic ensures that the high-side output drive and
low-side output drive cannot be active simultaneously as detailed
in Table 1.
High
Overtemperature
No
No
High
VREG undervoltage
Yes1
No
High
VDS overvoltage
No
No
Table 1: Phase Control Truth Table
High
Bootstrap undervoltage
Yes2
Yes
Input
Output
1 All
Comments
ENAB
xHI
xLO
GHx
GLx
Sx
1
0
0
L
L
Z
Phase disabled
1
0
1
L
H
LO
Low-side active
1
1
0
H
L
HI
High-side active
1
1
1
L
L
Z
Phase disabled
0
X
X
L
L
Z
All disabled
0
X
X
Z
Z
Z
Sleep Mode
HI ≡ high-side MOSFET active, LO ≡ low-side MOSFET active
X ≡ don’t care, Z ≡ high impedance, both MOSFETs off
An additional enable input, ENAB, may be used to turn all outputs off. ENAB must be high for the outputs to be active. When
ENAB is held low for longer than the Sleep Mode Activation
Time (tSLT) then the A5929 will enter sleep mode.
Diagnostics
Several diagnostic features are integrated into the A5929 to
provide indication of fault conditions. In addition to system wide
faults such as under voltage and over temperature, the A5929
integrates individual monitors for each bootstrap capacitor voltage and each exeternal MOSFET drain-source voltage.
The presence of a fault condition is indicated on the FAULT pin.
This is an open drain output that should be pulled to any voltage
up to 5.5 V by an external resistor, typically 10 kΩ to 47 kΩ. The
definition of the individual fault states and the effect on the gate
drive outputs (GHx, GLx) are shown in Table 2 and described
below.
gate drives low (external MOSFETs off).
side drive of phase generating FAULT condition set low (external MOSFET
off). Other outputs unaffected.
2 High
Fault States
It is recommended that any external control circuitry remaining
active in the event of a fault state being flagged is configured
to take appropriate action to prevent damage to the A5929 and
associated motor drive components.
Overtemperature. If junction temperature exceeds the overtemperature warning threshold (TJF) the A5929 enters the overtemperature warning state and FAULT goes high. The over-temperature warning state is cleared and the FAULT output returned
to logic low when the junction temperature drops below recovery
level TJF - TJFhys.
Whilst an over-temperature warning state is asserted no on-chip
circuitry or functions are disabled.
VREG UNDERVOLTAGE
The charge pump generates VREG to provide low-side gate driver
and bootstrap charge current. It is necessary to ensure that this
voltage is high enough prior to enabling any of the gate drive
outputs. If the voltage at the VREG pin drops below the falling
VREG Undervoltage Lockout Threshold (VREGUVoff ) the A5929
enters the VREG undervoltage fault state, FAULT is set high,
and all gate drive outputs (GHx, GLx) are disabled. The VREG
undervoltage fault state is cleared and FAULT goes low when
VREG rises above the VREG undervoltage lockout threshold (rising), VREGUVon.
The VREG undervoltage monitor circuit is active during powerup and the A5929 remains in the VREG undervoltage fault state
until VREG is greater than the rising VREG undervoltage lockout
threshold, VREGUVon.
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10
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
VDS OVERVOLTAGE
When a gate drive output is commanded to turn on (GHx or GLx
high) the the drain-source voltage of the corresponding external
MOSFET is monitored between VBRG and Sx or Sx and LSS as
appropriate. If the measured voltage exceeds the threshold value
programmed on the VDSTH pin the FAULT output is set high
but none of the gate drive outputs is disabled. Propagation of any
fault states to the FAULT output is disabled for the VDS Fault
Blank Time (tBL) at every external MOSFET turn-on event to
avoid reporting spurious faults in response to switching transients. If a fault is reported on the FAULT pin it will be cleared
as soon as the measured drain-source voltage drops below the
programmed VDSTH level.
BOOTSTRAP CAPACITOR UNDERVOLTAGE
Each bootstrap capacitor is monitored to ensure sufficient highside gate drive voltage is available to initiate and maintain external MOSFET turn-on .
High-side gate drive outputs only turn on if the relevant bootstrap
capacitor voltage is higher than the bootstrap turn-on voltage
threshold, VBOOTUV + VBOOTHys. If the bootstrap voltage is
below this threshold when turn on is command on xHI the corresponding gate drive, GHx, is not switched on and FAULT is
set high. The output remains off and FAULT remains high until
either the affected gate drive is commanded to turn off or the
FAULT pin is pulled low by external means (see FAULT pin disable description below).
After a high side gate drive has been successfully turned on the
appropriate bootstrap capacitor voltage must remain above the
Bootstrap Undervoltage threshold (VBOOTUV). If the bootstrap
capacitor voltage drops below VBOOTUV the high side driver in
question is switched off and FAULT goes high. The driver will
remain off and FAULT will remain high until either the affected
high-side gate drive turn on commanded is removed from xHI or
the FAULT pin is pulled low by external means (see FAULT pin
disable description below).
If a bootstrap capacitor fault condition is detected only the driver
in question is disabled. All other gate drives continue to respond
to control inputs on xHI, xLO.
If the FAULT pin is held low (below the Fault Disable Voltage
(VFLTD) by external means the bootstrap undervoltage monitor feature is disabled. In this condition, if bootstrap capacitor
voltage fails to reach VBOOTUV + VBOOTHys for turn on or drops
below VBOOTUV after turn on the driver in question is not forced
into the off state. As the FAULT pin is held low, a fault state is
not flagged. Whilst the FAULT pin is held low to disable the
bootstrap undervoltage monitor any other fault conditions that
might arise are undetectable outside the A5929. However, internal fault actions are unaffected and gate drive outputs are still
disabled in response to other faults in accordance with Table 2.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
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11
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Power Bridge Management Using PWM
Control
The A5929 provides individual high-side and low-side controls
for each phase through the four digital control inputs. The only
restriction imposed by the A5929 is to prevent the high-side and
low-side gate drive from a single phase being on at the same
time to avoid cross-conduction. This allows all H bridge control
schemes to be implemented. This includes fast and slow decay,
synchronous rectification and diode rectification, and edge
aligned and centre aligned PWM.
Figure 3(A) shows an example of the path of the bridge and load
current. In this example the high-side MOSFETs are switched off
during the current decay time (PWM-off time) and load current
recirculates through the low-side MOSFETs. This is commonly
referred to as high side chopping or high side PWM. During
the PWM off-time the complementary MOSFETs are turned on
to short the body diode and provide synchronous rectification.
Figure 3(A) only shows current in one direction but the same
principal applies to current in the opposite direction. The same
principal also applies when the low-side MOSFETs are turned
off during the PWM off-time and the load current recirculates
through the high side MOSFETs as in figure 3(B). In this control
scheme the microcontroller has full control over the current decay
method, load current recirculation paths, braking and coasting.
The A5929 provides exceptional propagation delay matching
from logic input to gate drive output for high performance motor
control applications. These advanced applications usually require
high-resolution PWM control on each phase. This must be
provided by an external controller, which must also provide the
necessary dead time to avoid shoot through in the power bridge.
Bootstrap Capacitor Selection
CBOOT must be correctly selected to ensure proper operation of
the device. Too large and time will be wasted charging the capacitor resulting in a limit on the maximum duty cycle and PWM
frequency. Too small and there can be a large voltage drop at the
time the charge is transferred from CBOOT to the MOSFET gate.
To keep the voltage drop, due to charge sharing, small, the charge
in the bootstrap capacitor (QBOOT) should be much larger than
QGATE.
A
B
Drive
Phase
A
1
xH
0
xL
H
GHx
L
GLx
Recirculate
Phase
A
0
xH
1
xL
L
GHx
H
GLx
B
0
1
L
H
B
0
1
L
H
(A) High-side PWM with slow decay and synchronous rectification.
A
B
Drive
Phase
A
1
xH
0
xL
H
GHx
L
GLx
Recirculate
Phase
A
1
xH
0
xL
H
GHx
L
GLx
B
0
1
L
H
B
1
0
H
L
(B) Low-side PWM with slow decay and synchronous rectification.
Figure 3: Power Bridge Control
The charge required by the gate:
QBOOT >> QGATE
A factor of 20 is a reasonable value.
QBOOT = CBOOT × VBOOT = QGATE × 20
CBOOT =
QGATE × 20
VBOOT
where VBOOT is the voltage across the bootstrap capacitor.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
12
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
The voltage drop, ΔV, across the bootstrap capacitor as the MOSFET is being turned on can be approximated by:
QGATE
V =
CBOOT
so for a factor of 20, ΔV will be 5% of VBOOT.
The maximum voltage across the bootstrap capacitor under
normal operating conditions is VREG max. However in some
circumstances the voltage may transiently reach 18 V, the clamp
voltage of the Zener diode between the Cx terminal and the Sx
terminal. In most applications with a good ceramic capacitor the
working voltage can be limited to 16 V.
Bootstrap Charging
It is good practice to ensure the high side bootstrap capacitor is
completely charged before a high side PWM cycle is requested.
The time required to charge the capacitor (tCHARGE) in µs, is
approximated by:
CBOOT × V
tCHARGE =
500
Where CBOOT is the value of the bootstrap capacitor in nF and
ΔV is the required voltage of the bootstrap capacitor. At power
up and when the drivers have been disabled for a long time,
the bootstrap capacitor can be completely discharged . In this
case ΔV can be considered to be the full high side drive voltage, 12 V. Else, ΔV is the amount of voltage dropped during the
charge transfer, which should be 400 mV or less. The capacitor
is charged whenever the Sx terminal is pulled low and current
flows from VREG through the internal bootstrap diode circuit to
CBOOT.
Supply Decoupling
Since this is a switching circuit there will be current spikes from
on VBB at the switching points. As with all such circuits the
power supply connections should be decoupled with a ceramic
capacitor, typically 220 nF, between the supply terminal and
ground. These capacitors should be connected as close as possible
to the VBB and ground terminal (GND).
VREG Capacitor Selection
The internal reference (VREG) supplies current for the low-side
gate-drive circuits and the charging current for the bootstrap
capacitors. When a low-side MOSFET is turned on, the gatedrive circuit will provide the high transient current to the gate that
is necessary to turn the MOSFET on quickly. This current, which
can be several hundred milliamperes, cannot be provided directly
by the limited output of the VREG regulator but must be supplied
by an external capacitor connected to VREG.
The turn on current for the high-side MOSFET is similar in
value but is mainly supplied by the bootstrap capacitor. However
the bootstrap capacitor must then be recharged from the VREG
regulator output. Unfortunately the bootstrap recharge can occur a
very short time after the low-side turn on occurs. This means that
the value of the capacitor connected between VREG and GND
should be high enough to minimize the transient voltage drop on
VREG for the combination of a low-side MOSFET turn on and a
bootstrap capacitor recharge. A value of 20 x CBOOT is a reasonable value. The maximum working voltage will never exceed
VREG so can be set as low as 15 V. This capacitor should be
placed as close as possible to the VREG terminal.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
13
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
INPUT/OUTPUT STRUCTURES
Cx
VBRG
18 V
20V
VBB
GHx
20V
CP1
14V
CP2
VREG
7.5 V
Sx
VREG
20 V
20 V
8V
18 V
18 V
20 V
20 V
18 V
14 V
18 V
GLx
18 V
LSS
Figure 4a: Gate Drive Outputs
Figure 4b: Supplies
4,5 V(max)
4 kΩ
2 kΩ
xHI
xLO
25 Ω
VDSTH
FAULT
50 kΩ
6V
6V
Figure 4c: xHI, xLO Inputs
6V
Figure 4d: VDSTH Input
6V
6V
Figure 4e: FAULT Output
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115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
14
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
LAYOUT RECOMMENDATIONS
Optional Reverse
Battery protection
VBB
VBRG
+ Supply
VREG
GHB
GHA
SA
A5929
VDD
Load
SB
GLA
GLB
VDSTH
LSS
GND
PAD
Optional
Components
to Limit LSS
Transients
Controller Supply
RS
Power Ground
Supply
Common
Figure 5: Supply Routing Suggestion
Careful consideration must be given to PCB layout when designing high frequency, fast-switching, high-current circuits:
close to the GND terminal. The decoupling capacitors should also
be connected as close as possible to the relevant supply terminal.
The A5929 ground, GND, and the high-current return of the
external MOSFETs should return separately to the negative side
of the motor supply filtering (DC-link) capacitor. This will minimize the effect of bridge switching noise on the A5929.
Check the peak voltage excursion of the transients on the LSS
terminal with reference to the GND terminal using a closegrounded (tip & barrel) probe. If the voltage at LSS exceeds the
absolute maximum in the datasheet, add additional clamping and/
or capacitance between the LSS terminal and the GND terminal
as shown.
The exposed thermal pad should be connected to GND.
Minimize stray inductance by using short, wide copper tracks
at the drain and source terminals of all power MOSFETs. This
includes motor lead connections, the input power bus, and the
common source of the low-side power MOSFETs. This will minimize voltages induced by fast switching of large load currents.
Consider the use of small (100 nF) ceramic decoupling capacitors
across the source and drain of the power MOSFETs to limit fast
transient voltage spikes caused by track inductance.
Keep the gate discharge return connections Sx and LSS as short
as possible. Any inductance on these tracks will cause negative
transitions on the corresponding A5929 terminals, which may
exceed the absolute maximum ratings. If this is likely, consider
the use of clamping diodes to limit the negative excursion on
these terminals with respect to GND.
The sensitive VDSTH input should be connected independently
Gate charge drive paths and gate discharge return paths may carry
a large transient current pulse. Therefore the traces from GHx,
GLx, Sx (x = A or B) and LSS should be as short as possible to
reduce the track inductance.
Provide an independent connection from LSS to the common
point of the power bridge. It is not recommended to connect LSS
directly to the GND terminal as this may inject noise into sensitive functions such as the various voltage monitors.
A low cost diode can be placed in the connection to VBB to provide reverse battery protection. In reverse battery conditions it is
possible to use the body diodes of the power MOSFETs to clamp
the reverse voltage to approximately 4 V. In this case the additional diode in the VBB connection will prevent damage to the
A5929 and the VBRG terminal will survive the reverse voltage.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
15
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
CUSTOMER PACKAGE DRAWING
For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use
(Reference MO-153 ADT)
NOT TO SCALE
Dimensions in millimeters
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
0.45
7.80 ±0.10
0.65
8º
0º
4.32 NOM
24
0.20
0.09
1.65
B
3 NOM
4.40±0.10 6.40±0.20
3.00
6.10
A
0.60 ±0.15 1.00 REF
1
2
0.25 BSC
C
24X
1.20 MAX
0.10 C
0.30
0.19
0.65 BSC
SEATING
PLANE
4.32
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
A
0.15
0.00
C
PCB Layout Reference View
Terminal #1 mark area
B
Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface); dimensions may vary with device
C
Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 TSOP65P640X120-25M);
all pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary
to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when
mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land
can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
Figure 6: Package LP, 24-Pin eTSSOP with Exposed Thermal Pad
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
16
A5929
Automotive Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
Revision History
Revision
Revision Date
–
February 11, 2015
0.1
March 3, 2015
Description of Revision
Initial Release
Corrected typos and revised IBBQ and IBBS values
Copyright ©2015, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to
permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in any devices or systems, including but not limited to life support devices or systems, in which a failure of
Allegro’s product can reasonably be expected to cause bodily harm.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC assumes no responsibility for its
use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
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115 Northeast Cutoff
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17