A3922 Datasheet

A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Full-bridge MOSFET Driver
Bootstrap gate drive for N-channel MOSFET bridge
Cross-conduction protection with adjustable dead time
Charge pump for low supply voltage operation
Programmable gate drive voltage
5.5 to 50 V supply voltage operating range
Integrated current sense amplifier
SPI compatible serial interface
Bridge control by direct logic inputs or serial interface
TTL-compatible logic inputs
Open-load detection
Extensive programmable diagnostics
Diagnostic verification
Safety-assist features
DESCRIPTION
The A3922 is an N-channel power MOSFET driver capable of
controlling MOSFETs connected in a full-bridge (H-bridge)
arrangement and is specifically designed for automotive
applications with high-power inductive loads, such as brush
DC motors solenoids and actuators.
A unique charge pump regulator provides a programmable gate
drive voltage for battery voltages down to 7 V and allows the
A3922 to operate with a reduced gate drive, down to 5.5 V.
A bootstrap capacitor is used to provide the above-battery
supply voltage required for N-channel MOSFETs.
The full bridge can be controlled by independent logic level
inputs or through the SPI-compatible serial interface. The
external power MOSFETs are protected from shoot-through
by programmable dead time.
Integrated diagnostics provide indication of multiple internal
faults, system faults, and power bridge faults, and can be
configured to protect the power MOSFETs under most shortcircuit conditions. For safety-critical systems, the integrated
diagnostic operation can be verified under control of the serial
interface.
Package: 28-Pin eTSSOP (suffix LP)
In addition to providing full access to the bridge control, the
serial interface is also used to alter programmable settings such
as dead time, VDS threshold, and fault blank time. Detailed
diagnostic information can be read through the serial interface.
The A3922 is supplied in a 28-pin eTSSOP (suffix ‘LP’). This
package is available in lead (Pb) free versions, with 100%
matte-tin leadframe plating (suffix –T).
2
-
Not to scale
VBAT
A3922
ECU
SPI
GND
Typical Application – Functional Block Diagram
A3922-DS
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Selection Guide
Part Number
A3922KLPTR-T
*Contact Allegro™
Packing
Package
4000 pieces per reel
9.7 mm × 4.4 mm, 1.2 mm nominal height
28-lead eTSSOP with exposed thermal pad
for additional packing options.
Table of Contents
Features and Benefits
1
Specifications3
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Characteristics
Pinout Diagram and Terminal List Table
Functional Block Diagram
Electrical Characteristics Table
Overcurrent Fault Timing Diagrams
VDS Fault Timing Diagrams
Logic Truth Tables
Functional Description
Input and Output Terminal Functions
Power Supplies
Gate Drives
Logic Control Inputs
Output Disable
Sleep Mode
Current Sense Amplifier
Diagnostic Monitors
Status and Diagnostic Registers
Chip-Level Protection
Operational Monitors
Power Bridge and Load Faults
Fault Action
Fault Masks
Diagnostic and System Verification
On-Line Verification
Off-Line Verification
3
3
4
5
6
12
13
14
15
15
16
16
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
23
27
28
28
29
30
Serial Interface
33
Serial Register Reference
37
Applications Information
47
Input / Output Structures
Package Drawing
51
52
Serial Registers Definition
Configuration Registers
Verification Registers
Diagnostic Registers
Control Register
Status Register
33
34
35
35
35
36
Config 0, 1
37
38
Config 2, 3
Config 4, 5
39
41
Verify Command 0, 1
Verify Result 0, 1
42
Mask 0, 1
43
44
Diag 0, 1, 2
Control45
Status46
Power Bridge PWM Control
47
48
Current Sense Amplifier Configuration
Dead Time Selection
49
Bootstrap Capacitor Selection
49
Bootstrap Charging
49
VREG Capacitor Selection
50
Supply Decoupling
50
Braking50
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
2
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
SPECIFICATIONS
Absolute Maximum Ratings1, 2
Characteristic
Load Supply Voltage
Symbol
Notes
VBB
Rating
Unit
–0.3 to 50
V
–0.3 to 16
V
Pumped Regulator Terminal
VREG
VREG
Charge Pump Capacitor Low Terminal
VCP1
CP1
–0.3 to 16
V
Charge Pump Capacitor High Terminal
VCP2
CP2
VCP1 – 0.3 to VREG + 0.3
V
Battery Compliant Logic Input
Terminals
VIB
HA, HBn, LAn, LB, RESETn, ENABLE
–0.3 to 50
V
Logic Input Terminals
VI
STRn, SCK, SDI
–0.3 to 6
V
VO
Logic Output Terminals
SDO
–0.3 to 6
V
Sense Amplifier Input
VCSI
CSP, CSM
–4 to 6.5
V
Sense Amplifier Output
VCSO
CSO
–0.3 to VDD + 0.3
V
Bridge Drain Monitor Terminals
VBRG
VBRG
–5 to 55
V
Bootstrap Supply Terminals
VCX
CA, CB
–0.3 to VREG + 50
V
High-Side Gate Drive Output
Terminals
VGHX
GHA, GHB
VCX – 16 to VCX + 0.3
V
VCX – 16 to VCX + 0.3
V
V
Motor Phase Terminals
VSX
SA, SB
Low-Side Gate Drive Output Terminals
VGLX
GLA, GLB
VREG – 16 to 16
Bridge Low-Side Source Terminal
VLSS
LSS
VREG – 16 to 18
V
–40 to 150
ºC
165
ºC
180
ºC
–55 to 150
ºC
Operating Ambient Temperature
TA
Maximum Junction Temperature
TJ(max)
Transient Junction Temperature
TJt
Storage Temperature
Tstg
Limited by power dissipation
Overtemperature event not exceeding 10 seconds,
lifetime duration not exceeding 10 hours,
guaranteed by design characterization.
1 With
respect to GND. Ratings apply when no other circuit operating constraints are present.
2 Lowercase “x” in pin names and symbols indicates a variable sequence character.
Thermal Characteristics: May require derating at maximum conditions; see Power Derating section
Characteristic
Package Thermal Resistance
Symbol
RθJA
RθJP
Test Conditions*
Value
Unit
4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
28
ºC/W
2-layer PCB with 3.8 in2 copper each side
38
ºC/W
2
ºC/W
*Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
3
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Pinout Diagram and Terminal List Table
CP2
1
28
CP1
VBB
2
27
VREG
VBRG
3
26
CA
ENABLE
4
25
GHA
RESETn
5
24
SA
HA
6
23
CB
22
GHB
21
SB
LAn
7
HBn
8
LB
9
20
GLA
GND
10
19
LSS
SDI
11
18
GLB
STRn
12
17
CSP
SDO
13
16
CSM
SCK
14
15
CSO
PAD
Package LP, 28-Pin eTSSOP Pinout Diagram
Terminal List Table
Terminal
Name
Terminal
Number
Terminal Description
Terminal
Name
Terminal
Number
Terminal Description
VBB
2
Main power supply
HBn
8
Phase B HS control
ENABLE
4
Output enable
LAn
7
Phase A LS control
VREG
27
Gate drive supply output
LB
9
Phase B LS control
CP1
28
Pump capacitor
VBRG
3
High-side drain voltage sense
CP2
1
Pump capacitor
GND
10
Digital ground
RESETn
5
Standby mode control
SDI
11
Serial data input
SCK
14
Serial clock input
STRn
12
Serial strobe (chip select) input
SDO
13
Serial data output
CA
26
Phase A bootstrap capacitor
GHA
25
Phase A high-side gate drive
SA
24
Phase A motor connection
GLA
20
Phase A low-side gate drive
CB
23
Phase B bootstrap capacitor
GHB
22
Phase B high-side gate drive
SB
21
Phase B motor connection
CSP
17
Current sense amp + input
GLB
18
Phase B low-side gate drive
CSM
16
Current sense amp – input
LSS
19
Low-side source
CSO
15
Current sense amp output
PAD
–
Thermal pad; connect to GND
HA
6
Phase A HS control
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
4
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
CP
CP1
CP2
VBB
VBAT
VREG
Logic Supply
Regulator
Charge
Pump
Regulator
CREG
VDL
VBRG
Charge
Pump
CA
CBOOTA
ENABLE
HA
Bootstrap
Monitor
LAn
VREG
HBn
GHA
HS
Drive
VDS
Monitor
RGHB
RGLA
RGLB
SA
VDS
Monitor
LS
Drive
Control
Logic
RGHA
GLA
Phase A
LSS
LB
CB
As above for
Phase B
CBOOTB
GHB
SB
RESETn
GLB
Timers
STRn
SCK
SDI
SDO
Serial
Interface
DAC
DAC
VOOS
Sense
Amp
CSP
VDAC*
CSM
Diagnostics &
Protection
CSO
Diagnostic
Verification
*VDAC = VOLTON & VOCT
GND
Functional Block Diagram
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
5
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Valid at TJ = –40ºC to 150ºC, VBB = 5.5 to 50 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
6
–
50
V
Supply and Reference
Operating; outputs active
VBB Functional Operating Range
VBB Quiescent Current
Internal Logic Supply Regulator Voltage
VREG Output Voltage, VRG = 0
VBB
Operating; outputs disabled
5.5
–
50
V
No unsafe states
0
–
50
V
IBBQ
RESETn = high, VBB = 12 V, all gate drive
outputs low
–
10
22
mA
IBBS
RESETn ≤ 300 mV, sleep mode
VDL
VREG
Bootstrap Diode Forward Voltage
Bootstrap Diode Resistance
VREG
VfBOOT
rD
–
30
µA
3.3
3.5
V
VBB ≥ 9 V, IVREG = 0 to 27 mA
7.5
8
8.5
V
7.5 V ≤ VBB < 9 V, IVREG = 0 to 20 mA
7.5
8
8.5
V
6 V ≤ VBB < 7.5 V, IVREG = 0 to 15 mA
7.5
8
8.5
V
5.5 V ≤ VBB < 6 V, IVREG ≤ 10 mA
7.5
8
8.5
V
9
13
13.8
V
7.5 V ≤ VBB < 9 V, IVREG = 0 to 20 mA
9
13
13.8
V
6 V ≤ VBB < 7.5 V, IVREG = 0 to 10 mA
7.9
–
–
V
VBB ≥ 9 V, IVREG = 0 to 27 mA
VREG Output Voltage, VRG = 1
–
3.1
5.5 V ≤ VBB < 6 V, IVREG ≤ 6 mA
7.9
9.5
–
V
ID = 10 mA
0.4
0.7
1
V
ID = 100 mA
1.5
2.2
2.8
V
6
11
25
Ω
rD(100 mA) = (VfBOOT(150 mA) – VfBOOT(50 mA)) /
100 mA
Bootstrap Diode Current Limit
IDBOOT
250
500
750
mA
Top-Off Charge Pump Current Limit
ITOCPM
–
100
–
µA
High-Side Gate Drive Static Load
Resistance
RGSH
250
–
–
kΩ
System Clock Period
tOSC
42.5
50
57.5
ns
Continued on the next page…
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
6
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued): Valid at TJ = –40ºC to 150ºC, VBB = 5.5 to 50 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
–
ns
ns
Gate Output Drive
Turn-On Time
tr
CLOAD = 10 nF, 20% to 80%
–
190
Turn-Off Time
tf
CLOAD = 10 nF, 80% to 20%
–
120
–
TJ = 25°C, IGH = –150 mA1
5
8
11
Ω
TJ = 150°C, IGH= –150 mA1
10
15
20
Ω
TJ = 25°C, IGL= 150 mA
1.5
2.4
3.1
Ω
TJ = 150°C, IGL= 150 mA
2.9
4
5.5
Ω
VCX – 0.2
–
–
V
–
–
VSX + 0.3
V
VREG – 0.2
–
–
V
Pull-Up On-Resistance
RDS(on)UP
Pull-Down On-Resistance
RDS(on)DN
GHx Output Voltage High
VGHH
Bootstrap capacitor fully charged
GHx Output Voltage Low
VGHL
–10 µA1 < IGH < 10 µA
GLx Output Voltage High
VGLH
GLx Output Voltage Low
VGLL
–10 µA1 < IGL < 10 µA
Gate-Source Voltage – MOSFET On
VGSon
No faults present
GHx Passive Pull-Down
RGHPD
GLx Passive Pull-Down
RGLPD
–
–
VLSS + 0.3
V
VROFF
–
VREG
V
VGHx – VSx < 0.3 V
–
950
–
kΩ
VGLx – VLSS < 0.3 V
–
950
–
kΩ
Turn-Off Propagation Delay
tP(off)
Input change to unloaded gate output change
(Figure 3), DT[5:0] = 0
60
90
140
ns
Turn-On Propagation Delay
tP(on)
Input Change to unloaded Gate output change
(Figure 3), DT[5:0] = 0
50
80
130
ns
Propagation Delay Matching
(Phase-to-Phase)
ΔtPP
Same state change, DT[5:0] = 0
–
5
15
ns
Propagation Delay Matching
(On-to-Off)
ΔtOO
Single phase, DT[5:0] = 0
–
15
30
ns
Propagation Delay Matching
(GHx-to-GLx)
ΔtHL
Same state change, DT[5:0] = 0
–
–
20
ns
Dead Time (Turn-Off to Turn-On Delay)
tDEAD
Default power-up state (Figure 3)
1.25
1.6
2.15
µs
Continued on the next page…
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
7
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued): Valid at TJ = –40ºC to 150ºC, VBB = 5.5 to 50 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
–
–
0.8
V
Logic Inputs and Outputs
Input Low Voltage
Input High Voltage
VIL
All logic inputs
VIH
All logic inputs
2
–
–
V
Input Hysteresis
VIhys
All logic inputs
250
550
–
mV
Input Pull-Down
HA, LB, SDI, SCK, ENABLE
RPD
0 V < VIN < 5 V
–
50
–
kΩ
IPD
5 V < VIN < 50 V, HA, LB, ENABLE
–
100
–
µA
RPDR
0 V < VIN < 5 V
–
50
–
kΩ
IPDR
5 V < VIN < 50 V
–
100
–
µA
RPU
HBn, LAn, STRn, Input = 0 V
–
100
–
µA
Output Low Voltage
VOL
IOL = 1 mA
–
0.2
0.4
V
Output High Voltage
VOH
IOL = –1 mA1
2.4
–
–
V
SDO, 0 V < VSDO < 3 V, STRn = 1
–1
–
1
µA
Input Pull-Down RESETn
Input Pull-Up Current to VDL
Output Leakage1
IO
Logic I/O – Dynamic Parameters
Reset Pulse Width
tRST
0.5
–
4.5
µs
Clock High Time
tSCKH
A in Figure 2
50
–
–
ns
Clock Low Time
tSCKL
B in Figure 2
50
–
–
ns
Strobe Lead Time
tSTLD
C in Figure 2
30
–
–
ns
Strobe Lag Time
tSTLG
D in Figure 2
30
–
–
ns
Strobe High Time
tSTRH
E in Figure 2
300
–
–
ns
Data Out Enable Time
tSDOE
F in Figure 2
–
–
40
ns
Data Out Disable Time
tSDOD
G in Figure 2
–
–
30
ns
Data Out Valid Time from Clock Falling
tSDOV
H in Figure 2
–
–
40
ns
Data Out Hold Time from Clock Falling
tSDOH
I in Figure 2
5
–
–
ns
Data In Setup Time to Clock Rising
tSDIS
J in Figure 2
15
–
–
ns
Data in Hold Time from Clock Rising
tSDIH
K in Figure 2
10
–
–
ns
CREG = 2.2 µF
–
–
2
ms
Wake Up from Sleep
tEN
Continued on the next page…
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
8
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued): Valid at TJ = –40ºC to 150ºC, VBB = 5.5 to 50 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
–4
±1
+4
mV
µV/°C
Current Sense Amplifiers
Input Offset Voltage3
VIOS
Input Offset Voltage Drift
ΔVIOS
Input Bias Current1
IBIAS
–
±4
–
0 V < VCSP < VDL, 0 V < VCSM < VDL
–160
–
–60
µA
–
+20
µA
Input Offset Current1
IOS
VID = 0 V, VCM in range
–20
Input Common-Mode Range (DC)
VCM
Gain
Gain Error
VID = 0 V
–1
–
2
V
AV
Default power-up value
–
35
–
V/V
EA
VCM in range
–5
±2
5
%
Default power-up value
–
2.5
–
V
Output Offset
VOOS
Output Offset Error3
EVO
Small Signal –3 dB Bandwidth at Gain
= 25
Output Settling Time (to within 40 mV)
Output Dynamic Range
VCM in range, Gain = 10, VOOS > 1 V
–5
–
5
%
VCM in range, Gain = 10, VOOS ≤ 1 V
–75
–
75
mV
BW
VIN = 10 mVpp
500
–
–
kHz
tSET
VCSO = 1 Vpp square wave Gain = 25,
COUT = 200 pF
–
1
1.8
µs
0.3
–
4.8
V
VCSOUT
–100 µA1 < ICSO < 100 µA
Output Voltage Clamp
VCSC
ICSO = –2 mA
4.9
5.1
5.5
V
Output Current Sink1
ICSsink
VID = 0 V, VCSO = 1.5 V, Gain = 25
200
–
–
µA
Output Current Sink (Boosted)1,4
ICSsinkb
VOOS = 1.5 V, VID = –50 mV, Gain = 25,
VCSO = 1.5 V
1
–
–
mA
Output Current Source1
ICSsource
VID = 200 mV, VCSO = 1.5 V, Gain = 25,
Offset = 0 V
–
–
–1
mA
DC Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
CMRR
VCM step from 0 to 200 mV, Gain = 25
60
–
–
dB
62
–
dB
CMRR
VCM = 200 mVpp, 100 kHz, Gain = 25
–
AC Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
VCM = 200 mVpp, 1 MHz, Gain = 25
–
43
–
dB
tCMrec
VCM step from –4 V to +1 V, Gain = 25,
COUT = 200 pF
–
1
–
µs
SR
VID step from 0 V to 175 mV, Gain = 25,
COUT = 200 pF
–
10
–
V/µs
tIDrec
VID step from 250 mV to 0 V, Gain = 25,
COUT = 200 pF
–
1
–
µs
Common-Mode Recovery Time (to
within 100 mV)
Output Slew Rate 10% to 90%
Input Overload Recovery (to within
40 mV)
Continued on the next page…
VCM = (VCSP + VCSM)/2
AV set by
SAG[2:0] in
Config 5
CSP
VCSO = [(VCSP – VCSM) × AV] + VOOS
CSO
RS
VID
CSM
VCSP
IPH
VOOS set by
SAO[3:0] in
Config 5
VCSM
VOOS
VCSO
A3922
AGND
Figure 1: Sense Amp Voltage Definitions
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
9
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued): Valid at TJ = –40ºC to 150ºC, VBB = 5.5 to 50 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
6.5
6.8
V
Diagnostics and Protection
VREG Undervoltage, VRG = 0
VREG Undervoltage, VRG = 1
VREG Overvoltage Warning
VREG Overvoltage Hysteresis
VBB Overvoltage Warning
VRON
VREG rising
6.3
VROFF
VREG falling
5.2
5.4
5.6
V
VRON
VREG rising
7.5
7.95
8.2
V
VROFF
VREG falling
6.7
7
7.2
V
VROV
VREG rising
14.3
14.9
15.4
V
500
700
–
mV
32
–
36
V
1
–
–
V
–
4.0
–
V
–
500
–
mV
VROVHys
VBBOV
VBB Overvoltage Hysteresis
VBB Undervoltage
VBBUV
VBB Undervoltage Hysteresis
VBB rising
VBBOVHys
VBB falling
VBBUVHys
VBB POR Voltage
VBBR
VBB
–
3.5
–
V
Bootstrap Undervoltage
VBCUV
VBOOT rising, VBOOT = VCx – VSx
70
–
79
%VREG
–
14
–
%VREG
Bootstrap Undervoltage Hysteresis
VBCUVHys
Gate Drive Undervoltage Warning HS
VGSHUV
VGSH
Gate Drive Undervoltage Warning LS
VGSLUV
VGSL
Logic Terminal Overvoltage Warning
VLOV
VL rising on HA, HBn, LAn, LB, RESETn,
ENABLE
VBOOT – 1.2 VBOOT – 1 VBOOT – 0.8
V
VREG – 1.2
VREG – 1
VREG – 0.8
V
6.5
–
9
V
ENABLE Input Timeout
tETO
90
100
110
ms
VBRG Input Voltage
VBRG
When VDS monitor is active
7
VBB
50
V
IVBRG
VDSTH = default, VBB = 12V, 0V < VBRG < VBB
–
–
500
µA
IVBRGQ
Sleep mode, VBB < 35 V
–
–
5
µA
1.5
2
2.5
V
–
250
–
mV
Default power-up value
–
1.2
–
V
VBB ≥ 7 V
–
–
3.15
V
5.5 V ≤ VBB < 7 V
–
–
1.95
V
–200
±100
+200
mV
–
1.2
–
V
VBRG Input Current
VBRG Disconnect Threshold
VBRO
VBRG Disconnect Hysteresis
VBROHys
High-Side VDS Threshold
High-Side VDS Threshold
VDSTH
Offset2
Low-Side VDS Threshold
Low-Side VDS Threshold Offset2
VDSTHO
VDSTL
VDSTLO
VBB – VBRG; default value, VBB ≥ 6
High-side on, 200 mV ≤ VDSTH ≤ 3.15 V
Default power-up value
VBB ≥ 5.5 V
–
–
3.15
V
Low-side on, 200 mV ≤ VDSTL ≤ 3.15V
–200
±100
+200
mV
1.25
1.6
2.15
µs
–
50
–
%VBRG
VDS Quality Time
tVDQ
Default power-up value
Phase Comparator Threshold
VPT
Phase voltage, default power-up value
Continued on the next page…
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
10
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued): Valid at TJ = –40ºC to 150ºC, VBB = 5.5 to 50 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Diagnostics and Protection (continued)
Overcurrent Voltage
VOCT
Default power-up value
2.7
3
3.3
V
Overcurrent Qualify Time
tOCQ
Default power-up value
6.75
7.5
8.25
µs
On-State Open-Load Threshold
Voltage
VOLTON
Default power-up value
200
225
250
mV
Off-State Open-Load Threshold Voltage
VOLTOFF
0.6
1
1.4
V
IOLTS
6
10
14
mA
Off-State Sink Current on SB
Off-State Source Current on SA
IOLTT
OLI = 0
–
100
–
µA
Off-State Source Current on SA
IOLTT
OLI = 1
–
400
–
µA
Open-Load Timeout
tOLTO
Temperature Warning Threshold
TJWH
Temperature Warning Hysteresis
TJWHhys
90
100
110
ms
Temperature increasing
125
135
145
ºC
–
15
–
ºC
Overtemperature Threshold
TJF
Temperature increasing
170
175
180
ºC
Overtemperature Hysteresis
TJHyst
Recovery = TJF – TJHyst
–
15
–
ºC
VLSO
4.5
5
5.5
V
VLSOHys
–
500
–
mV
ILU
–
–100
–
µA
ISD
–
200
–
µA
ISU
–
-200
–
µA
Sense Amplifier Input Open Threshold
(CSP, CSM)
VSAD
–
2.2
–
V
Sense Amplifier Input Verification
Current1
ISAD
–
–20
–
µA
Diagnostic Verification
LSS Open Threshold
LSS Open Threshold Hysteresis
LSS Verification Current
Phase Test Pull-Down
Current1
Phase Test Pull-Up Current1
For input and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device terminal.
VDS offset is the difference between the programmed threshold, VDSTH or VDSTL, and the actual trip voltage.
3 Ensured by design and characterization.
4 If the amplifier output voltage (V
CSO) is more positive than the value demanded by the applied differential input (VID) and output offset (VOOS)
conditions, output current sink capability is boosted to enhance negative-going transient response.
1
2
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
11
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
OVERCURRENT FAULT TIMING DIAGRAMS
STRn
A
C
D
B
E
SCK
J
SDI
X
K
X
D15
X
X
X
I
F
SDO
D14
Z
D15’
G
Z
D0’
D14’
H
Figure 2: Serial Interface Timing
X = don’t care; Z = high-impedance (tri-state)
HA
LAN
tDEAD
tP(off)
tP(on)
tP(off)
GHA
GLA
tP(off)
tP(on)
tDEAD
Synchronous Rectification
High-side PWM
tP(off)
Low-side PWM
Figure 3a: Gate Drive Timing – Phase A Logic Control Inputs
HBN
LB
tDEAD
tP(off)
tP(on)
tP(off)
GHB
GLB
tP(off)
tP(on)
tDEAD
Synchronous Rectification
High-side PWM
tP(off)
Low-side PWM
Figure 3b: Gate Drive Timing – Phase B Logic Control Inputs
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
12
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
VDS FAULT TIMING DIAGRAMS
GHA
GLA
GHB
GLB
tOCQ
OC Monitor
tOCQ
Active Blank
Active
Blank
tOCQ
tOCQ
Active
Blank
Active
Blank
tOCQ
Active
Blank
Figure 4: Overcurrent Fault Monitor – Blank Mode Timing (OCQ = 1)
MOSFET turn on
No fault present
MOSFET turn on
Fault present
MOSFET on
Transient disturbance
No fault present
MOSFET on
Fault occurs
Gxx
VDS
tVDQ
tVDQ
Fault Bit
Figure 5a: VDS Fault Monitor – Blank Mode Timing (VDQ = 1)
MOSFET turn on
No fault present
MOSFET turn on
Fault present
MOSFET on
Transient disturbance
No fault present
MOSFET on
Fault occurs
Gxx
VDS
tVDQ
tVDQ
tVDQ
tVDQ
Fault Bit
Figure 5b: VDS Fault Monitor – Debounce Mode Timing (VDQ = 0)
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
13
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
LOGIC TRUTH TABLES
Table 1: Control Logic Table – Control by Logic Inputs
Phase A
Phase B
HA
LAn
GHA
GLA
SA
HBn
LB
GHB
GLB
0
1
LO
0
0
LO
1
1
1
0
SB
LO
Z
1
0
LO
LO
Z
HI
LO
1
1
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
0
0
HI
LO
HI
LO
LO
Z
0
1
LO
LO
Z
SA
BH
BL
GHB
GLB
SB
HI ≡ high-side FET active, LO ≡ low-side FET active.
Z ≡ high-impedance, both FETs off.
All control register bits set to 0, RESETn = 1, ENABLE = 1.
Table 2: Control Logic Table – Control by Serial Register
Phase A
Phase B
AH
AL
GHA
GLA
0
0
LO
LO
Z
0
0
LO
LO
Z
0
1
LO
HI
LO
0
1
LO
HI
LO
1
0
HI
LO
HI
1
0
HI
LO
HI
1
1
LO
LO
Z
1
1
LO
LO
Z
HI ≡ high-side FET active, LO ≡ low-side FET active.
Z ≡ high-impedance, both FETs off.
Logic 0 input on HA,LB. Logic 1 input on LAn, HBn, RESETn = 1, ENABLE = 1.
Table 3: Control Combination Logic Table – Control by Logic Inputs and Serial Register
Phase A
HA
AH
0
0
0
Phase B
LAn
AL
GHA
GLA
SA
HBn
BH
0
1
0
LO
LO
Z
1
0
0
X
1
1
0
0
0
X
1
0
1
X
X
1
1
0
X
1
0
0
1
X
1
0
0
X
0
0
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LB
BL
GHB
GLB
SB
0
0
LO
LO
Z
X
1
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
LO
Z
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
0
X
X
1
1
X
1
X
X
1
0
X
X
1
1
X
0
X
0
X
1
X
LO
LO
Z
X ≡ don’t care, HI ≡ high-side FET active, LO ≡ low-side FET active, Z ≡ high-impedance, both FETs off.
RESETn = 1; ENBLE = 1.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
14
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The A3922 is full-bridge (H-Bridge) MOSFET driver (pre-driver)
requiring a single unregulated supply of 6 to 50 V. It includes an
integrated linear regulator to supply the internal logic. All logic
inputs are TTL compatible and can be driven by 3.3 or 5 V logic.
The four high-current gate drives are capable of driving a wide
range of N-channel power MOSFETs, and are configured as a
full-bridge driver with two high-side drives and two low-side
drives. The A3922 provides all necessary circuits to ensure that
all external power MOSFETs are fully enhanced at supply voltages down to 7 V. For extreme battery voltage drop conditions,
correct functional operation is guaranteed at supply voltages
down to 5.5 V, but with a reduced gate drive voltage.
Gate drives can be controlled directly through the logic input
terminals or through an SPI-compatible serial interface. The
sense of the logic inputs are arranged to allow each bridge to be
driven by a single PWM input if required. Each bridge can also
be driven by direct logic inputs or by two or four PWM signals,
depending on the required complexity. The logic inputs are battery voltage compliant, meaning they can be shorted to ground or
supply without damage up to the maximum battery voltage of
50 V.
Bridge efficiency can be enhanced by using the synchronous
rectification ability of the drives. When synchronous rectification
is used, cross-conduction (shoot-through) in the external bridge
is avoided by an adjustable dead time. A hard-wired logic lockout
ensures that high-side and low-side on any single phase cannot be
permanently active at the same time.
A low-power sleep mode allows the A3922, the power bridge,
and the load to remain connected to a vehicle battery supply
without the need for an additional supply switch.
The A3922 includes a number of diagnostic features to provide
indication of and/or protection against undervoltage, overvoltage,
overtemperature, and power bridge faults. Detailed diagnostic
information is available through the serial interface.
For systems requiring a higher level of safety integrity, the A3922
includes additional overvoltage monitors on the supplies and
the control inputs. In addition, the integrated diagnostics include
self-test and verification circuits to ensure verifiable diagnostic
operation. When used in conjunction with appropriate system
level control, these features can assist power drive systems using
the A3922 to meet stringent ASIL D safety requirements.
The serial interface also provides access to programmable dead
time, fault blanking time, programmable VDS threshold for short
detection, and programmable thresholds and currents for openload detection.
The A3922 includes a low-side current sense amplifier with
programmable gain and offset. The amplifier is specifically
designed for current sensing in the presence of high voltage
and current transients. The A3922 can also check the connections from the current sense amplifier to the sensing link using
integrated verification circuits.
Input and Output Terminal Functions
• VBB: Main power supply for internal regulators and charge
pump. The main power supply should be connected to VBB
through a reverse voltage protection circuit and should be
decoupled with ceramic capacitors connected close to the
supply and ground terminals.
• VBRG: Sense input to the top of the external MOSFET
bridge. Allows accurate measurement of the voltage at the
drain of the high-side MOSFETs in the bridge.
• CP1, CP2: Pump capacitor connection for charge pump.
Connect a minimum 220 nF, typically 470 nF, ceramic
capacitor between CP1 and CP2.
• VREG: programmable regulated voltage, 8 or 13 V, used to
supply the low-side gate drivers and to charge the bootstrap
capacitors. A sufficiently large storage capacitor must be
connected to this terminal to provide the transient charging
current.
• GND: Analog reference, digital, and power ground. Connect
to supply ground—see layout recommendations.
• CA, CB: High-side connections for the bootstrap capacitors
and positive supply for high-side gate drivers.
• GHA, GHB: High-side, gate-drive outputs for external
n-channel MOSFETs.
• SA, SB: Load phase connections. These terminals sense the
voltages switched across the load. They are also connected
to the negative side of the bootstrap capacitors and are the
negative supply connections for the floating high-side drivers.
• GLA, GLB: Low-side, gate-drive outputs for external
n-channel MOSFETs.
• LSS: Low-side return path for discharge of the capacitance on
the MOSFET gates, connected to the common sources of the
low-side external MOSFETs independently through a lowimpedance track.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
15
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
• HA: Logic inputs with pull-down to control the high-side gate
drive on phase A. Battery voltage compliant terminal.
operate safely until all logic is reset when a power-on-reset state
is present.
• HBn: Logic inputs with pull-up to control the high-side gate
drive on phase B. These are active-low inputs. Battery voltage
compliant terminal.
The A3922 will operate within specified parameters with VBB
from 5.5 to 50 V and will operate safely between 0 and 50 V
under all supply switching conditions. This provides a very rugged solution for use in the harsh automotive environment.
• LAn: Logic inputs with pull-up to control the low-side gate
drive on phase A. These are active-low inputs. Battery voltage
compliant terminal.
• LB: Logic inputs with pull-down to control the low-side gate
drive on phase B. Battery voltage compliant terminal.
• SDI: Serial data logic input with pull-down. 16-bit serial word
input MSB-first.
• SDO: Serial data output. High-impedance when STRn is high.
Outputs bit 15 of the Status register, the fault flag, as soon as
STRn goes low.
• SCK: Serial clock logic input with pull-down. Data is latched
in from SDI on the rising edge of SCK. There must be 16
rising edges per write and SCK must be held high when STRn
changes.
• STRn: Serial data strobe and serial access enable logic input
with pull-up. When STRn is high, any activity on SCK or SDI
is ignored and SDO is high-impedance, allowing multiple SDI
slaves to have common SDI, SCK, and SDO connections.
• CSP, CSM: Current sense amplifier inputs.
• CSO: Current sense amplifier outputs.
• RESETn: Resets faults when pulsed low. Forces low-power
shutdown (sleep) when held low. Can be pulled to VBB.
• ENABLE: Deactivates all gate drive outputs when pulled low
in direct mode or after a timeout in monitor mode. Provides
an independent output deactivation, directly to the gate drive
outputs, to allow a fast disconnect on the power bridge. Can be
pulled to VBB.
Power Supplies
A single power supply voltage is required. The main power supply (VBB) should be connected to VBB through a reverse voltage
protection circuit. A 100 nF ceramic decoupling capacitor must
be connected close to the supply and ground terminals.
An internal regulator provides the supply to the internal logic.
All logic is guaranteed to operate correctly to below the regulator
undervoltage levels, ensuring that the A3922 will continue to
PUMP REGULATOR
The gate drivers are powered by a programmable voltage internal
regulator which limits the supply to the drivers and therefore
the maximum gate voltage. At low supply voltage, the regulated
supply is maintained by a charge pump boost converter which
requires a pump capacitor, typically 470 nF, connected between
the CP1 and CP2 terminals.
The regulated voltage, VREG, can be programmed to 8 or 13 V
and is available on the VREG terminal. The voltage level is
selected by the value of the VRG bit: when VRG = 1, the voltage
is set to 13 V; when VRG = 0, the voltage is set to 8 V. A sufficiently large storage capacitor (see Applications section) must
be connected to this terminal to provide the transient charging
current to the low-side drivers and the bootstrap capacitors.
Gate Drives
The A3922 is designed to drive external, low on-resistance,
power n-channel MOSFETs. It will supply the large transient
currents necessary to quickly charge and discharge the external
MOSFET gate capacitance in order to reduce dissipation in the
external MOSFET during switching. The charge current for
the low-side drives and the recharge current for the bootstrap
capacitors are provided by the capacitor on the VREG terminal.
The charge current for the high-side drives is provided by the
bootstrap capacitors connected between the Cx and Sx terminal,
one for each phase. The charge and discharge rate of the gate of
the MOSFET can be controlled using an external resistor in series
with the connection to the gate of the MOSFET.
BOOTSTRAP SUPPLY
When the high-side drivers are active, the reference voltage for
the driver will rise to close to the bridge supply voltage. The
supply to the driver will then have to be above the bridge supply
voltage to ensure that the driver remains active. This temporary
high-side supply is provided by bootstrap capacitors, one for each
high-side driver. These two bootstrap capacitors are connected
between the bootstrap supply terminals (CA and CB) and the
corresponding high-side reference terminal (SA and SB).
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
16
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
The bootstrap capacitors are independently charged to approximately VREG when the associated reference Sx terminal is low.
When the output swings high, the voltage on the bootstrap supply
terminal rises with the output to provide the boosted gate voltage
needed for the high-side n-channel power MOSFETs.
BOOTSTRAP CHARGE MANAGEMENT
The A3922 monitors the individual bootstrap capacitor charge
voltages to ensure sufficient high-side drive. It also includes an
optional bootstrap capacitor charge management system (bootstrap manager) to ensure that the bootstrap capacitor remains sufficiently charged under all conditions. The bootstrap manager is
enabled by default, but it may be disabled by setting the DBM bit
to 1. This may be required in systems where the output MOSFET
switching must only be allowed by the controlling processor.
Before a high-side drive can be turned on, the bootstrap capacitor
voltage must be higher than the turn-on voltage threshold (VBCUV
+ VBCUVHys). If this is not the case, then the A3922 will attempt
to charge the bootstrap capacitor by activating the complementary
low-side drive. Under normal circumstances, this will charge the
capacitor above the turn-on voltage in a few microseconds, and
the high-side drive will then be enabled. The bootstrap voltage
monitor remains active while the high-side drive is active;
furthermore, if the voltage drops below the turn-off voltage
threshold (VBCUV), a charge cycle is also initiated.
The bootstrap charge management circuit may actively charge the
bootstrap capacitor regularly when the PWM duty cycle is very
high, particularly when the PWM off-time is too short to permit
the bootstrap capacitor to become sufficiently charged.
In some safety systems, the gate driver is not permitted to turn
on a MOSFET without a direct command from the controller.
In this case, the bootstrap manager may be disabled by setting
the DBM bit to 1. If the bootstrap manager is disabled, then the
user must ensure that the bootstrap capacitor does not become
discharged below the bootstrap undervoltage threshold (VBCUV),
or a bootstrap fault will be indicated and the outputs disabled.
This can happen with very high PWM duty cycles when the
charge time for the bootstrap capacitor is insufficient to ensure
a sufficient recharge to match the MOSFET gate charge transfer
during turn on.
If, for any reason, the bootstrap capacitor cannot be sufficiently
charged, a bootstrap fault will occur—see Diagnostics section for
further details.
TOP-OFF CHARGE PUMP.
An additional “top-off” charge pump is provided for each phase,
which will allow the high-side drive to maintain the gate voltage
on the external MOSFET indefinitely, ensuring so-called 100%
PWM if required. This is a low current trickle charge pump and is
only operated after a high side has been signaled to turn on. There
is a small amount of bias current drawn from the Cx terminal to
operate the floating high-side circuit (<40 µA), and the charge
pump simply provides enough drive to ensure the bootstrap
voltage—and hence the gate voltage—will not droop due to this
bias current.
In some applications, a safety resistor is added between the gate
and source of each MOSFET in the bridge. When a high-side
MOSFET is held in the on state, the current through the associated high-side gate-source resistor (RGSH) is provided by the
high-side driver and therefore appears as a static resistive load on
the top-off charge pump. The minimum value of RGSH for which
the top-off charge pump can provide current, without dropping
below the bootstrap undervoltage threshold, is defined in the
Electrical Characteristics table.
In all cases, the charge required for initial turn-on of the high-side
gate is always supplied by the bootstrap capacitor. If the bootstrap
capacitor becomes discharged, the top-off charge pump alone will
not provide sufficient current to allow the MOSFET to turn on.
HIGH-SIDE GATE DRIVE
High-side gate-drive outputs for external n-channel MOSFETs
are provided on pins GHA and GHB. External resistors between
the gate drive output and the gate connection to the MOSFET
(as close as possible to the MOSFET) can be used to control the
slew rate seen at the gate, thereby controlling the di/dt and dv/dt
of the voltage at the SA and SB terminals. GHx = 1 (or “high”)
means that the upper half of the driver is turned on, and its drain
will source current to the gate of the high-side MOSFET in the
external motor-driving bridge, turning it on. GHx = 0 (or “low”)
means that the lower half of the driver is turned on, and its drain
will sink current from the external MOSFET’s gate circuit to the
respective Sx terminal, turning it off.
The reference points for the high-side drives are the load phase
connections (SA and SB). These terminals sense the voltages at
the load connections. These terminals are also connected to the
negative side of the bootstrap capacitors and are the negative
supply reference connections for the floating high-side drivers. The discharge current from the high-side MOSFET gate
capacitance flows through these connections, which should have
low-impedance traces to the MOSFET bridge.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
17
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
LOW-SIDE GATE DRIVE
The low-side, gate drive outputs on GLA and GLB are referenced
to the LSS terminal. These outputs are designed to drive external
n-channel power MOSFETs. External resistors between the gate
drive output and the gate connection to the MOSFET (as close
as possible to the MOSFET) can be used to control the slew rate
seen at the gate, thereby providing some control of the di/dt and
dv/dt of the voltage at the SA and SB terminals. GLx = 1 (or
“high”) means that the upper half of the driver is turned on, and
its drain will source current to the gate of the low-side MOSFET
in the external power bridge, turning it on. GLx = 0 (or “low”)
means that the lower half of the driver is turned on, and its drain
will sink current from the external MOSFET’s gate circuit to the
LSS terminal, turning it off.
The LSS terminal provides the return path for discharge of the
capacitance on the low-side MOSFET gates. This terminal is
connected independently to the common sources of the low-side
external MOSFETs through a low-impedance track.
GATE DRIVE PASSIVE PULL-DOWN.
Each gate drive output includes a discharge circuit to ensure that
any external MOSFET connected to the gate drive output is held
off when the power is removed. This discharge circuit appears
as 400 kΩ between the gate drive and the source connections
for each MOSFET. It is only active when the A3922 is not
driving the output to ensure that any charge accumulated on the
MOSFET gate has a discharge path even when the power is not
connected.
DEAD TIME
To prevent cross-conduction (shoot-through) in any phase of the
power MOSFET bridge, it is necessary to have a dead-time delay
between a high- or low-side turn-off and the next complementary
turn-on event. The potential for cross-conduction occurs when
any complementary high-side and low-side pair of MOSFETs
are switched at the same time (for example, at the PWM switch
point). In the A3922, the dead time for both phases is set by
the contents of the DT[5:0] bits in Config 0 register. These six
bits contain a positive integer that determines the dead time by
division from the system clock.
The dead time is defined as:
tDEAD = n × 50 ns
where n is a positive integer defined by DT[5:0] and tDEAD has a
minimum active value of 100 ns.
For example, when DT[6:0] contains [11 0000] (= 48 in decimal),
then tDEAD = 2.4 µs, typically.
The accuracy of tDEAD is determined by the accuracy of the
system clock as defined in the Electrical Characteristics table.
The range of tDEAD is 100 ns to 3.15 µs. A value of 1 or 2 in
DT[5:0] will set the minimum active dead time of 100 ns.
If the dead time is to be generated externally (for example, by
the PWM output of a microcontroller), then entering a value of
zero in DT[5:0] will disable the dead timer, and there will be no
minimum dead time generated by the A3922. However, the logic
that prevents permanent cross-conduction will still be active.
The internally generated dead time will only be present if the on
command for one MOSFET occurs within one dead time after the
off command for its complementary partner. In the case where
one side of a phase drive is permanently off (for example, when
using diode rectification with slow decay), then the dead time
will not occur. In this case, the gate drive will turn on within the
specified propagation delay after the corresponding phase input
goes high (see Figure 3).
Logic Control Inputs
Four logic level digital inputs provide direct control for the gate
drives, one for each drive. These TTL threshold logic inputs can
be driven from 3.3 or 5 V logic, and all have a typical hysteresis
of 500 mV to improve noise performance. Each input can be
shorted to the VBB supply, up to the absolute maximum supply
voltage, without damage to the input.
Input HA is active-high and controls the high-side drive for
phase A. LAn is active-low and controls the low-side drive
for phase A. Similarly, HBn (active-low) and LB (active-high)
control the high-side and low-side drives respectively for phase
B. The logical relationship between the inputs and the gate drive
outputs is defined in Table 1.
The logic sense of the inputs (active-high or active-low) are
arranged to permit the bridge to be controlled with 1, 2, or 4
inputs. The control inputs to each phase can be driven together
to control both high-side and low-side drives when synchronous
rectification is used. Driving each phase with a single input in
this way provides direction control with one input, and slow
decay synchronous rectification PWM with the other input.
Driving all four control inputs together provides fast decay with
synchronous rectification and can be used to control current in
both directions with a single PWM input.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
18
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
The two phases can also operate independently providing two
half-bridge drives. In this case, the dead time, blank time, and
VDS threshold will be common to both half-bridge drives.
ETO bit will be set in the Status register. Any following change
of state on the ENABLE input will reactivate the gate drive
outputs. The ETO bit remains in the Status register until cleared.
The gate drive outputs can also be controlled through the serial
interface by setting the appropriate bit in the control register. In
the control register, all bits are active-high. The logical relationship between the register bit setting and the gate drive outputs is
defined in Table 2.
Sleep Mode
The logic inputs are combined (using logical OR) with the corresponding bits in the serial interface control register to determine
the state of the gate drive. The logical relationship between the
combination of logic input and register bit setting and the gate
drive outputs is defined in Table 3. In most applications, either
the logic inputs or the serial control will be used. When using
only the logic inputs to control the bridge, the serial register
should be left in the reset condition with all control bits set to 0.
When using only the serial interface to control the bridge, the
inputs should be tied such that the active-low inputs are connected to DL and the active high inputs connected to GND. That
is, HA and LB should be tied to GND, and HBn and LAn should
be tied to DL. The internal pull-up and pull-down resistors on
these inputs ensure that they go to the inactive state should they
become disconnected from the control signal level. However,
connecting these inputs to a fixed level can allow detection of
control input faults that would not be detected using only the
internal pull-up or pull-down.
RESETn is an active-low input that commands the A3922 to
enter sleep mode. In sleep mode, the part is inactive and the
current consumption from the VBB supply is reduced to a low
level, defined by IBBS. When RESETn is held low for longer than
approximately 200 µs, the gate drive outputs are disabled and
the current consumption from the VBB supply decays. Holding
RESETn low for 1 ms will ensure the part is fully in sleep mode.
Taking RESETn high to wake from sleep mode clears all previously reported latched fault states and corresponding fault bits.
When waking up from sleep mode, the protection logic ensures
that the gate drive outputs are held off until the charge pump
reaches its correct operating condition. The charge pump stabilizes in approximately 3 ms, under nominal conditions.
To allow the A3922 to start up without the need for an external
logic input, the RESETn terminal can be pulled to VBB with an
external pull-up resistor.
Note that, if the voltage on the RESETn terminal rises above the
logic terminal overvoltage warning threshold (VLOV), then the
VLO bit will be set in the Status register.
Internal lockout logic ensures that the high-side output drive and
low-side output drive cannot be active simultaneously. When the
control inputs request active high-side and low side at the same
time for a single phase, then both high-side and low-side gate
drives will be forced low.
RESETn can also be used to clear any fault conditions without
entering sleep mode by taking it low for the reset pulse width
(tRST). Any latched fault conditions, such as short detection or
bootstrap capacitor undervoltage, which disable the outputs, will
be cleared. RESETn will not reset the fault bits in the status or
diagnostic registers.
Output Disable
Current Sense Amplifier
The ENABLE input is connected directly to the gate drive output
command signal, bypassing all phase control logic. This input can
be used to provide a fast output disable (emergency cutoff) or to
provide non-synchronous fast decay PWM.
ENABLE can also be monitored by a watchdog timer by setting
the EWD bit to 1. In watchdog mode, the first change of state
on the ENABLE input will activate the gate drive outputs under
command from the corresponding phase control signals, and a
watchdog timer is started. The ENABLE input must then change
state before the end of the ENABLE timeout period (tETO). If the
ENABLE input does not change before the end of the timeout
period, then all gate drive outputs will be driven low, and the
A programmable gain, differential sense amplifier is provided
to allow the use of low-value sense resistors or current shunt as
a low-side current sensing element. The input common-mode
range of the CSP and CSM inputs and programmable output
offset allows below ground current sensing typically required
for low-side current sense in PWM control of motors, or other
inductive loads, during switching transients. The output of the
sense amplifier is available at the CSO output and can be used
in peak or average current control systems. The output can drive
up to 4.8 V to permit maximum dynamic range with higher input
voltage A-to-D converters.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
19
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
The gain of the sense amplifier is defined by the contents of the
SAG[2:0] variable as:
SAG
Gain
SAG
Gain
0
10
4
30
1
15
5
35
2
20
6
40
3
25
7
50
The output offset, VOOS, of the sense amplifier is defined by the
contents of the SAO[3:0] variable as:
SAO
VOOS
SAO
VOOS
0
0
8
750 mV
1
0
9
1V
2
100 mV
10
1.25 V
3
100 mV
11
1.5 V
4
200 mV
12
1.75 V
5
300 mV
13
2V
6
400 mV
14
2.25 V
7
500 mV
15
2.5 V
Diagnostic Monitors
Multiple diagnostic features provide three levels of fault monitoring. These include critical protection for the A3922, monitors for
operational voltages and states, and detection of power bridge
and load fault conditions. All diagnostics, except for POR, serial
transfer error, and overtemperature, can be masked by setting the
appropriate bit in the mask registers.
The fault status is available from the status and diagnostic
registers accessed through the serial interface.
Status and Diagnostic Registers
The serial interface allows detailed diagnostic information to be
read from the diagnostic registers on the SDO output terminal at
any time.
A system Status register provides a summary of all faults in a
single read transaction. The Status register is always output on
SDO when any register is written.
The first bit (bit 15) of the Status register contains a common
fault flag (FF), which will be high if any of the fault bits in the
Status register have been set. This allows fault condition to be
detected using the serial interface by simply taking STRn low. As
soon as STRn goes low, the first bit (bit 15) in the Status register
can be read on SDO to determine if a fault has been detected at
any time since the last fault register reset. In all cases, the fault
bits in the diagnostic registers are latched and only cleared after a
fault register reset.
FF provides an indication that a fault has occurred since the last
fault reset and one or more fault bits have been set.
Chip-Level Protection
Chip-wide parameters critical for correct operation of the A3922
are monitored. These include maximum chip temperature,
minimum internal logic supply voltage, and the serial interface
transmission. These three monitors are necessary to ensure that
the A3922 is able to respond as specified.
Table 4: Diagnostic Functions
Name
POR
OT
Diagnostic
Level
Internal logic supply undervoltage causing poweron reset
Chip
Chip junction overtemperature
Chip
SE
Serial transmission error
TW
High chip junction temperature warning
Monitor
Chip
VSO
VBB supply overvoltage (load dump detection)
Monitor
VSU
VBB supply undervoltage
Monitor
VLO
Logic terminal overvoltage
Monitor
ETO
ENABLE watchdog timeout
Monitor
VRO
VREG output overvoltage
Monitor
VRU
VREG output undervoltage
Monitor
AHU
A high-side VGS undervoltage
Monitor
ALU
A low-side VGS undervoltage
Monitor
BHU
B high-side VGS undervoltage
Monitor
BLU
B low-side VGS undervoltage
Monitor
OCA
Overcurrent on phase A
Bridge
OCB
Overcurrent on phase B
Bridge
OL
Open load
Bridge
VA
Bootstrap undervoltage phase A
Bridge
VB
Bootstrap undervoltage phase B
Bridge
AHO
Phase A high-side VDS overvoltage
Bridge
ALO
Phase A low-side VDS overvoltage
Bridge
BHO
Phase B high-side VDS overvoltage
Bridge
BLO
Phase B low-side VDS overvoltage
Bridge
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
20
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
CHIP FAULT STATE: INTERNAL LOGIC UNDERVOLTAGE
The A3922 has an independent internal logic regulator to supply
the internal logic. This is to ensure that external events, other than
loss of supply, do not prevent the A3922 from operating correctly.
The internal logic supply regulator will continue to operate with
a low supply voltage—for example, if the main supply voltage
drops to a very low value during a severe cold-crank event.
In extreme low supply circumstances, or during power-up or
power-down, an undervoltage detector ensures that the A3922
operates correctly. The logic supply undervoltage lockout cannot
be masked as it is essential to guarantee correct operation over
the full supply range.
When power is first applied to the A3922, the internal logic is
prevented from operating, and all gate drive outputs are held in
the off state until the internal regulator voltage (VDL) exceeds
the logic supply undervoltage lockout rising (turn-on) threshold,
derived from the VBB POR threshold (VBBR). At this point, all
serial registers will be reset to their power-on state, and all fault
states will be reset. The FF bit and the POR bit in the Status
register will be set to one to indicate that a power-on reset has
taken place. The A3922 then goes into its fully operational state
and begins operating as specified.
Once the A3922 is operational, the internal logic supply continues
to be monitored. If, during the operational state, VDL drops below
logic supply undervoltage lockout falling (turn-off) threshold,
derived from VBBR, then the logical function of the A3922 cannot
be guaranteed, and the outputs will be immediately disabled. The
A3922 will enter a power-down state, and all internal activity,
other than the logic regulator voltage monitor, will be suspended.
If the logic supply undervoltage is a transient event, then the
A3922 will follow the power-up sequence above as the voltage
rises.
CHIP FAULT STATE: OVERTEMPERATURE
If the chip temperature rises above the overtemperature threshold
(TJF), the overtemperature bit (OT) will be set in the Status
register. If ESF = 1 when an overtemperature is detected, all gate
drive outputs will be disabled automatically. If ESF = 0, then
no circuitry will be disabled, and action must be taken by the
user to limit the power dissipation in some way so as to prevent
overtemperature damage to the chip and unpredictable device
operation. When the temperature drops below TJF by more than
the hysteresis value (TJFHys), the fault state is cleared, and when
ESF = 1, the outputs re-enabled. The overtemperature bit remains
in the Status register until reset.
CHIP FAULT STATE: SERIAL ERROR
If there are more than 16 rising edges on SCK, or if STRn goes
high and there are fewer than 16 rising edges on SCK, or the
parity is not odd, then the write will be cancelled without writing
data to the registers, and the SE bit will be set to indicate a data
transfer error. If the transfer is a write, then the Status register
will not be reset. If the transfer is a diagnostic or verification
result read, then the addressed register will not be reset.
Operational Monitors
Parameters related to the safe operation of the A3922 in a system
are monitored. These include parameters associated with external
active and passive components, power supplies, and interaction
with external controllers.
Voltages relating to driving the external power MOSFETs are
monitored, specifically VREG, each bootstrap capacitor voltage,
and the VGS of each gate drive output. The main supply voltage
(VBB) is only monitored for overvoltage and undervoltage events.
The logic inputs are capable of being shorted to the main supply
voltage without damage, but any high voltage on these pins will
be detected. In addition, a watchdog timer can be applied to the
ENABLE input to verify continued operation of the external
controller.
MONITOR: VREG UNDERVOLTAGE AND OVERVOLTAGE
The internal charge pump regulator supplies the low-side gate
driver and the bootstrap charge current. It is critical to ensure that
the regulated voltage (VREG) at the VREG terminal is sufficiently
high before enabling any of the outputs.
If VREG goes below the VREG undervoltage threshold (VROFF),
the VREG undervoltage bit (VRU) will be set in the Diag 1
register. All gate drive outputs will go low, the motor drive will
be disabled, and the motor will coast. When VREG rises above the
rising threshold (VRON), the gate drive outputs are re-enabled and
the fault state is reset. The VRU bit remains in the Diag 1 register
until cleared.
The VREG undervoltage monitor circuit is active during power
up, and all gate drives will be low until VREG is greater than
VRON. Note that this is sufficient to turn on standard threshold
external power MOSFETs at a battery voltage as low as 5.5 V, but
the on-resistance of the MOSFET may be higher than its specified maximum.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
21
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
The VREG undervoltage monitor can be disabled by setting the
VRU bit in the mask register. Although not recommended, this
can allow the A3922 to operate below its minimum specified
supply voltage level with a severely impaired gate drive. The
specified electrical parameters will not be valid in this condition.
MONITOR: VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
To ensure that the gate drive output is operating correctly, each
gate drive output voltage is independently monitored, when
active, to ensure the drive voltage (VGS) is sufficient to fully
enhance the power MOSFET in the external bridge.
The output of the VREG regulator is also monitored to detect any
overvoltage applied to the VREG terminal.
If VGS on any active gate drive output goes below the gate drive
undervoltage warning (VGSUV), the corresponding gate drive
undervoltage bit (AHU, ALU, BHU, or BLU) will be set in the
Diag 0 register. No other action will be taken. When VGS rises
above VGSUV, the fault state is reset, but the fault bits remain in
the Diag 0 register until cleared.
If VREG goes above the VREG overvoltage threshold (VROV), the
VREG overvoltage bit (VRO) will be set in the Diag 1 register.
No action will be taken as the gate drive outputs are protected
from overvoltage by independent Zener clamps. When VREG falls
below VROV by more than the hysteresis voltage (VROVHys), the
fault state is reset, but VRO bit remains in the Diag 1 register
until cleared.
MONITOR: TEMPERATURE WARNING
If the chip temperature rises above the temperature warning
threshold (TJW), the hot warning bit (TW) will be set in the
Status register. No action will be taken by the A3922. When the
temperature drops below TJW by more than the hysteresis value
(TJWHys), the fault state is cleared ,and the TW bit remains in the
Status register until reset.
MONITOR: VBB SUPPLY UNDERVOLTAGE AND OVERVOLTAGE
The main supply to the A3922 on the VBB terminal (VBB) is
monitored to indicate if the supply voltage is above, or has
exceeded, its normal operating range (for example, during a loaddump event). If VBB rises above the VBB overvoltage warning
threshold (VBBOV), then the VSO bit will be set in the Diag 2
register. No other action will be taken. When VBB falls below the
falling VBB overvoltage warning threshold (VBBOV – VBBOVHys),
the fault state is reset, but the VSO bit remains in the Diag 2
register until cleared.
The main supply on the VBB terminal is also monitored to
indicate if the supply voltage is below its normal operating range.
If VBB goes below the VBB undervoltage threshold (VBBUV),
then the VSU bit will be set in the Diag 2 register. All gate drive
outputs will go low, the motor drive will be disabled, and the
motor will coast. When VBB rises above the rising VBB undervoltage threshold (VBBUV + VBBUVHys), the fault state will be
reset, and the gate drive outputs re-enabled. The VSU bit remains
in the Diag 2 register until cleared.
MONITOR: LOGIC TERMINAL OVERVOLTAGE
Six of the logic terminals are capable of being shorted to the main
supply voltage, up to 50 V, without damage. These terminals are
HA, HBn, LAn, LB, RESETn, and ENABLE. The voltage on
these pins (VL) is monitored to provide an indication of an input
short-to-battery fault. If VL on any of the terminals rises above
the logic terminal overvoltage warning threshold (VLOV), then
the VLO bit will be set in the Status register. If the fault is on one
of the inputs, and the ESF bit is set, then all gate drive outputs
will be disabled. When VL on all terminals falls below the logic
terminal overvoltage warning threshold (VLOV), the fault state is
reset, and the outputs will be re-activated. The VLO bit remains
in the Status register until cleared.
MONITOR: ENABLE WATCHDOG TIMEOUT
The ENABLE input provides a direct connection to all gate drive
outputs and can be used as a safety override to immediately deactivate the outputs. The ENABLE input is programmed to operate
as a direct logic control by default, but it can be monitored by a
watchdog timer by setting the EWD bit to 1. In the direct mode,
the input is not monitored other than for input overvoltage as
described in the Logic terminal overvoltage section above. In
watchdog mode, the first change of state on the ENABLE input
will activate the gate drive outputs under command from the corresponding phase control signals, and a watchdog timer is started.
The ENABLE input must then change state before the end of the
ENABLE timeout period (tETO). If the ENABLE input does not
change before the end of the timeout period, then all gate drive
outputs will be driven low, and the ETO bit will be set in the
Status register. Any following change of state on the ENABLE
input will re-activate the gate drive outputs. The ETO bit remains
in the Status register until cleared.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
22
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Power Bridge and Load Faults
BRIDGE: OVERCURRENT DETECT
The output from the sense amplifier can be compared to an
overcurrent threshold voltage (VOCT) to provide indication of
overcurrent events. VOCT is generated by a 4-bit DAC with
a resolution of 300 mV and defined by the contents of the
OCT[3:0] variable and the contents of the SAO[3:0] variable.
VOCT is approximately defined as:
VOCT = [(n + 1) × 300 mV]
where n is a positive integer defined by OCT[3:0].
Any offset programmed on SAO[3:0] is applied to both the current sense amplifier output (CSO) and the overcurrent threshold
(VOCT) and has no effect on the overcurrent threshold (IOCT).
The relationship between the threshold voltage and the threshold
current is approximately defined as:
IOCT =
VOCT
(RS × AV)
where VOCT is the overcurrent threshold voltage programmed
by OCT[3:0], (RS) is the sense resistor value in Ω, and AV is the
sense amp gain defined by SAG[2:0].
The output from the overcurrent comparator is filtered by an
overcurrent qualifier circuit. This circuit uses a timer to verify
that the output from each comparator is indicating a valid
overcurrent event. The qualifier can operate in one of two ways—
debounce or blanking—selected by the OCQ bit.
In the default debounce mode, a timer is started each time a
comparator output indicates, on overcurrent detection, when the
corresponding low-side MOSFET is active. This timer is reset
when the comparator changes back to indicate normal operation.
If the debounce timer reaches the end of the timeout period, set
by tOCQ, then the overcurrent event is considered valid, and the
corresponding overcurrent bit (OCA or OCB) will be set in the
Diag 2 register.
In the optional blanking mode, a timer is started when a lowside gate drive is turned on. The output from the comparator is
ignored (blanked) for the duration of the timeout period, set by
tOCQ. If a comparator output indicates an overcurrent event when
the blanking timer is not active, then the overcurrent event is
considered valid, and the corresponding overcurrent bit (OCA or
OCB) will be set in the Diag 2 register.
The duration of the overcurrent qualifying timer (tOCQ) is
determined by the contents of the TOC[3:0] variable. tOCQ is
approximately defined as:
tOCQ = n × 500 ns
where n is a positive integer defined by TOC[3:0].
When a valid overcurrent is detected, no action is taken. Only the
OCA or OCB bits are set and remain in the Diag 2 register until
cleared.
BRIDGE: OPEN-LOAD DETECT
Two open-load fault detection methods are provided: an on-state
current monitor and an off-state open-load detector. An on-state
is defined by the state of the gate drive outputs as one high-side
switched on and the low-side in the opposite phase switched on.
The resulting two combinations are the only ones where current
can be passed through the low-side sense resistor. An off-state
is defined by the state of the gate drive outputs as all MOSFETs
switched off. In this state, the load connections are high impedance and can be used to detect the presence or otherwise of a
load.
ON-STATE OPEN-LOAD DETECTION
When AOL = 0, the on-state open-load detection will be completely inactive. The on-state open-load detection is only enabled
when AOL = 1 and either GHA and GLB are on together or GHB
and GLA are on together.
During the on-state, the A3922 compares the output from the
sense amplifier against the open-load threshold voltage (VOLTON).
VOLTON is generated by an internal 4-bit DAC with a resolution
of 25 mV and defined by the contents of the OLT[3:0] variable.
VOLTON is approximately defined as:
VOLTON = (n + 1) × 25 mV
where n is a positive integer defined by OLT[3:0].
Any offset programmed on SAO[3:0] is applied to both the current sense amplifier output (CSO) and the VOLTON threshold and
has no effect on the open-load detect threshold current threshold,
IOLT. The relationship between the threshold voltage and the
threshold current is approximately defined as:
IOLT =
VOLTON
(RS × AV)
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
23
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
where VOLTON is the open-load threshold voltage programmed by
OLT[3:0], RS is the sense resistor value in Ω and AV is the sense
amp gain defined by SAG[2:0].
If the output of the sense amplifier is less than VOLTON during
the on-state, then a timer is allowed to increment. If the output of
the amplifier is higher than VOLTON during the on-state, then the
timer is reset. If the timer reaches the open-load timeout value
tOLTO (typically 100 ms) then the open-load fault bit (OL) will be
set in the Diag 2 register indicating a valid open-load condition.
As soon as the output of the amplifier is higher than VOLTON
during the on-state, then the fault state is reset, but the OL bit
remains in the Diag 2 register until cleared.
If the sense amplifier is not used in an application, then the onstate open-load detection can be completely disabled by setting
AOL to 0.
OFF-STATE OPEN-LOAD DETECTION
When DOO = 1, the off-state open-load detection will be completely disabled. The off-state open-load detection is only enabled
when DOO = 0 and all gate drive outputs are off. In the off-state,
a current sink (IOLTS) is applied to the SB terminal, and a current
source (IOLTT) is applied to the SA terminal.
IOLTS is typically 10 mA, which is low enough to allow the
A3922 to survive a short to VBB on the SB terminal during the
off-state without damage, and high enough to discharge any
output capacitance in an acceptable time.
The value of IOLTT is selected by the OLI bit. When OLI = 0,
IOLTT = 100 µA; when OLI = 1, IOLTT = 400 µA.
The sink current (IOLTS) pulls the SB terminal to ground once
any energy remaining in the load, when entering the off-state, has
dissipated. The source current (IOLTT) applies a test current to the
load. As the sink current is much larger than the source current,
the current through the load will be the source current. The
voltage at the SB terminal (VSB) should be close to zero, and the
voltage at the SA terminal (VSA) will allow the load resistance to
be measured. VSA is compared to a fixed threshold (VOLTOFF) of
typically 1 V. If VSA is less than VOLTOFF, then a load is assumed
to be present. If VSA is greater than VOLTOFF, then a timer is
started. If the timer reaches the open-load timeout value tOLTO
(typically 100 ms), then the open-load fault bit (OL) will be set in
the Diag 2 register, indicating a valid open-load condition.
When OLI = 0, the threshold for load resistance is 10 kΩ; when
OLI = 1, the threshold is 2.5 kΩ. So any load resistance greater
than 10 or 2.5 kΩ respectively is indicated as an open load.
If the bridge exits the off-state at any time before the timeout is
complete, then the timer is reset without indicating an open load.
If VSA becomes less than VOLTOFF, or if the bridge exits the
off-state after the open-load fault condition has been detected,
then the fault state is cleared, but the OL bit remains in the Diag 2
register until cleared.
BRIDGE: BOOTSTRAP CAPACITOR UNDERVOLTAGE
FAULT
The A3922 monitors the individual bootstrap capacitor charge
voltages to ensure sufficient high-side drive. It also includes an
optional bootstrap capacitor charge management system (bootstrap manager) to ensure that the bootstrap capacitor remains sufficiently charged under all conditions. The bootstrap manager is
enabled by default, but it may be disabled by setting the DBM bit
to 1. This may be required in systems where the output MOSFET
switching must only be allowed by the controlling processor.
If the bootstrap manager is disabled, then the user must ensure
that the bootstrap capacitor does not become discharged below
the bootstrap undervoltage threshold (VBCUV), or a bootstrap
fault will be indicated and the outputs disabled. This can happen
with very high PWM duty cycles, when the charge time for the
bootstrap capacitor is insufficient to ensure a sufficient recharge
to match the MOSFET gate charge transfer during turn-on.
When the bootstrap manager is active, the bootstrap capacitor
voltage must be higher than the turn-on voltage limit before
a high-side drive can be turned on. If this is not the case, then
the A3922 will attempt to charge the bootstrap capacitor by
activating the complementary low-side drive. Under normal
circumstances, this will charge the capacitor above the turn-on
voltage in a few microseconds, and the high-side drive will then
be enabled. The bootstrap voltage monitor remains active while
the high-side drive is active, and if the voltage drops below the
turn-off voltage, a charge cycle is also initiated.
If there is a fault that prevents the bootstrap capacitor charging
during the managed recharge cycle, then the charge cycle will
timeout after typically 200 µs, and the bootstrap undervoltage
fault is considered to be valid. If the bootstrap manager is
disabled and a bootstrap undervoltage is detected when a highside MOSFET is active or being switched on then, the bootstrap
undervoltage is immediately valid.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
24
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
The action taken when a valid bootstrap undervoltage fault is
detected and the fault reset conditions depend on the state of the
ESF bit.
If ESF = 0, the fault state will be latched, the associated bootstrap
undervoltage fault bit will be set, and the associated MOSFET
will be disabled. The fault state, but not the bootstrap undervoltage fault bit, will be reset by a low pulse on the RESETn input,
by a power-on reset, or the next time the MOSFET is commanded
to switch on. If the MOSFET is being driven with a PWM signal,
then this will usually mean that the MOSFET will be turned on
again each PWM cycle. If this is the case, and the fault condition
remains, then a valid fault will again be detected after the timeout
period, and the sequence will repeat. The bootstrap undervoltage
fault bit will only be cleared by a serial read of the Diag 2 register
or by a power-on reset.
If ESF = 1, the fault will be latched, the associated bootstrap
undervoltage fault bit will be set, and all MOSFETs will be
disabled. The bootstrap undervoltage fault bit will remain set
until cleared by a serial read of the Diag 2 register or by a poweron reset.
The bootstrap undervoltage monitors can be disabled by setting
the VBS bit in the Mask 0 register. Although not recommended,
this can allow the A3922 to operate below its minimum specified
supply voltage level with a severely impaired gate drive. The
specified electrical parameters may not be valid in this condition.
BRIDGE: MOSFET VDS OVERVOLTAGE FAULT
Faults on any external MOSFETs are determined by monitoring
the drain-source voltage of the MOSFET and comparing it to a
drain-source overvoltage threshold. There are two thresholds:
VDSTH, for the high-side MOSFETs; and VDSTL, for the lowside. VDSTH and VDSTL are generated by internal DACs and are
defined by the values in the VTH[5:0] and VTL[5:0] variables
respectively. These variables provide the input to two 6-bit DACs
with a least significant bit value of typically 50 mV. The output of
the DAC produces the threshold voltage approximately defined
as:
VDSTH = n × 50 mV
where n is a positive integer defined by VTH[5:0], or:
VDSTL = n × 50 mV
where n is a positive integer defined by VTL[5:0].
The drain-source voltage for any low-side MOSFET is measured
between the adjacent Sx terminal and the LSS terminal. Using the
LSS terminal rather than the ground connection avoids adding
any low-side current sense voltage to the real low-side drainsource voltage and avoids false VDS fault detection.
The drain-source voltage for any high-side MOSFET is measured
between the adjacent Sx terminal and the VBRG terminal. Using
the VBRG terminal rather than the VBB avoids adding any
reverse-diode voltage or high-side current sense voltage to the
real high-side drain-source voltage and avoids false VDS fault
detection.
The VBRG terminal is an independent low-current sense input to
the top of the MOSFET bridge. It should be connected independently and directly to the common connection point for the drains
of the power bridge MOSFETs at the positive supply connection
point in the bridge. The input current to the VBRG terminal is
proportional to the drain-source threshold voltage (VDSTH), and is
approximately:
IVBRG = 11 × VDSTH + 160
where IVBRG is the current into the VBRG terminal in µA, and
VDSTH is the drain-source threshold voltage described above.
Note that the VBRG terminal can withstand a negative voltage up
to –5 V. This allows the terminal to remain connected directly to
the top of the power bridge during negative transients, where the
body diodes of the power MOSFETs are used to clamp the negative transient. The same applies to the more extreme case, where
the MOSFET body diodes are used to clamp a reverse-battery
connection.
The output from each VDS overvoltage comparator is filtered by
a VDS fault qualifier circuit. This circuit uses a timer to verify
that the output from the comparator is indicating a valid VDS
fault. The duration of the VDS fault qualifying timer (tVDQ) is
determined by the contents of the TVD[5:0] variable. tVDQ is
approximately defined as:
tVDQ = n × 100 ns
where n is a positive integer defined by TVD[5:0]
The qualifier can operate in one of two ways: debounce mode, or
blanking mode, selected by the VDQ bit.
In the default debounce mode, a timer is started each time the
comparator output indicates a VDS fault detection when the
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
25
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
corresponding MOSFET is active. This timer is reset when the
comparator changes back to indicate normal operation. If the
debounce timer reaches the end of the timeout period, set by
tVDQ, then the VDS fault is considered valid, and the corresponding VDS fault bit (ALO, AHO, BLO, or BHO) will be set in the
Diag 1 register.
In the optional blanking mode, a timer is started when a gate
drive is turned on. The output from the VDS overvoltage comparator for the MOSFET being switched on is ignored (blanked)
for the duration of the timeout period, set by tVDQ. If the comparator output indicates an overcurrent event when the MOSFET
is switched on, and the blanking timer is not active, then the VFS
fault is considered valid, and the corresponding VDS fault bit
(ALO, AHO, BLO, or BHO) will be set in the Diag 1 register.
The action taken when a valid VDS fault is detected and the fault
reset conditions depend on the state of the ESF bit.
If ESF = 0, the fault state will be latched, the associated VDS
fault bit will be set, and the associated MOSFET will be disabled.
The fault state will be reset by a low pulse on the RESETn input,
by a serial read of the Diag 1 register, by a power-on reset, or
the next time the MOSFET is commanded to switch on. If the
MOSFET is being driven with a PWM signal, then this will usually mean that the MOSFET will be turned on again each PWM
cycle. If this is the case, and the fault conditions remains, then a
valid fault will again be detected after the timeout period, and the
sequence will repeat. The VDS fault bit will only be reset by a
serial read of the Diag 1 register or by a power-on reset.
If ESF = 1, the fault will be latched, the associated VDS fault bit
will be set, and all MOSFETs will be disabled. The fault state
will be reset by a serial read of the Diag 1 register, by a low pulse
on the RESETn input, or by a power-on-reset. The VDS fault bit
will only be reset by a serial read of the Diag 1 register or by a
power-on reset.
If ESF = 0, care must be taken to avoid damage to the MOSFET
where the VDS fault is detected. Although the MOSFET will be
switched off as soon as the fault is detected at the end of the fault
validation timeout, it is possible that it could still be damaged by
excessive power dissipation and heating. To limit any damage
to the external MOSFETs or the motor, the MOSFET should be
fully disabled by logic inputs from the external controller.
MOSFET FAULT STATE: SHORT TO SUPPLY
A short from either of the motor phase connections to the battery
or VBB connection is detected by monitoring the voltage across
the low-side MOSFETs in each phase using the respective Sx
terminal and the LSS terminal. This drain-source voltage is
then compared to the low-side Drain-Source Threshold Voltage,
VDSTL. If the blanking timer is active the output from the VDS
overvoltage comparator will be ignored for tVDQ. While the
low-side VDS fault is detected, the associated VDS fault bit,
ALO or BLO, will be set in the Diag 1 register and the associated
MOSFET will be disabled. When ESF is set to 1, all MOSFETs
will be disabled.
MOSFET FAULT STATE: SHORT TO GROUND
A short from either of the motor phase connections to ground
is detected by monitoring the voltage across the high-side
MOSFETs in each phase using the respective Sx terminal and the
voltage at VBRG. This drain-source voltage is then compared
to the high-side Drain-Source Threshold Voltage (VDSTH). If the
VBAT
VBB
VBRG
Cx
CBOOTx
VDSTH
GHx
RGH
Sx
VDSTL
GLx
LSSx
RGL
CSP
CSM
GND
Figure 6: VDS Overvoltage Fault Protection
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
26
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
blanking timer is active the output from the VDS overvoltage
comparator will be ignored for tVDQ. While the low-side VDS
fault is detected, the associated VDS fault bit, AHO or BHO, will
be set in the Diag 1 register and the associated MOSFET will be
disabled. When ESF is set to 1, all MOSFETs will be disabled.
MOSFET FAULT STATE: SHORTED WINDING
The short-to-ground and short-to-supply detection circuits will
also detect a short across a motor phase winding. In most cases,
a shorted winding will be indicated by a high-side and low-side
fault latched at the same time in the Diag 1 register. In some
cases, the relative impedances may only permit one of the shorts
to be detected. In any case, when a short of any type is detected,
the associated VDS fault bit, ALO, AHO, BLO, or BHO, will
be set in the Diag 1 register and the associated MOSFET will be
disabled.
Fault Action
The action taken when one of the diagnostic functions indicates a
fault is listed in Table 5.
Table 5: Fault Actions
Disable Outputs
ESF=0
ESF=1
Fault State
Latched
No
No
-
Power-on reset
Yes1
Yes1
No
VREG undervoltage
Yes1
Yes1
No
Bootstrap undervoltage
Yes2
Yes1
Yes
No
Yes1
No
Yes1
Yes1
No
No
Yes1
No
Yes2
Yes1
Yes
Serial transmission error
No
No
No
VREG overvoltage
No
No
No
VBB undervoltage
Yes1
Yes1
No
VBB overvoltage
No
No
No
VGS undervoltage
No
No
No
Temperature warning
No
No
No
Overcurrent
No
No
No
Open load
No
No
No
Fault Description
No fault
Logic terminal overvoltage
ENABLE WD timeout
Overtemperature
VDS Fault
1 All
gate drives in the affected bridge low, all MOSFETs in the affected bridge off
2 Gate drive to the affected MOSFET low, only the affected MOSFET off
When a fault is detected, a corresponding fault state is considered
to exist. In some cases, the fault state only exists during the
time the fault is detected. In other cases, when the fault is only
detected for a short time, the fault state is latched (stored) until
reset. The faults that are latched are indicated in Table 5. Latched
fault states are always reset when RESETn is taken low, a poweron-reset state is present, or when the associated fault bit is read
through the serial interface. Any fault bits that have been set in
the status or diagnostic register are only cleared when a poweron-reset state is present or when the associated fault bit is read
through the serial interface. RESETn low will not clear the fault
bits in the status or diagnostic registers.
The fault conditions power-on reset and VREG undervoltage are
considered critical to the safe operation of the A3922 and the
system. If these faults are detected, then the gate drive outputs are
automatically driven low and all MOSFETs in the bridge held in
the off-state. This state will remain until the fault is removed.
If the ENABLE watchdog monitor is enabled by setting EWD
to 1, then this fault state is also considered critical to the safe
operation of the A3922 and the system. If an ENABLE watchdog
timeout is detected, then all gate drive outputs are driven low and
all MOSFETs in the bridge held in the off-state. This state will
remain until the watchdog timer is reset.
For the logic terminal overvoltage and overtemperature fault
conditions, the action taken depends on the status of the ESF bit.
If a fault is detected on any of these two diagnostics and ESF = 1,
then all the gate drive outputs will be driven low and all MOSFETs in the bridge held in the off-state. This state will remain
until the fault is removed. If ESF = 0, then the gate drive outputs
will not be affected.
If a VDS fault or bootstrap undervoltage fault is detected, then
the action taken will also depend on the status of the ESF bit, but
these faults are handled as a special case. If a fault is detected on
any of these two diagnostics and ESF = 1, then all the gate drive
outputs will be driven low and all MOSFETs in the bridge held
in the off-state. When ESF = 1, this fault state will be latched and
remain until reset. If a VDS fault or bootstrap undervoltage fault
is detected and ESF = 0, then only the gate drive output to the
MOSFET where the fault was detected will be driven low and the
MOSFET held in the off-state. When ESF = 0, the VDS fault or
bootstrap undervoltage fault state will be latched, but it will be
reset the next time the MOSFET is commanded to switch on.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
27
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Table 6: Verification Functions
Type
Function Verified
Operation
Connection
VBRG connection
On-line
Connection
Phase connection
Off-line
Connection
Sense amp connection
On-line
Connection
LSS connection
On-line
Monitor
Overcurrent detectors
Off-line
Monitor
Phase state monitor
On-line
Diagnostic
Overtemperature diagnostic
Off-line
Diagnostic
Temperature warning monitor
Off-line
Diagnostic
VBB undervoltage diagnostic
Off-line
Diagnostic
VBB overvoltage diagnostic
Off-line
Diagnostic
VREG diagnostics
Off-line
Diagnostic
VGS undervoltage diagnostic
Off-line
Diagnostic
Logic terminal diagnostic
Off-line
Diagnostic
Open load detectors
Off-line
Diagnostic
Bootstrap capacitor diagnostic
Off-line
Diagnostic
VDS overvoltage diagnostic
Off-line
For all other faults, the gate drive outputs will remain enabled.
Fault Masks
Individual diagnostics, except power-on reset, serial transmission error, and overtemperature, can be disabled by setting the
corresponding bit in the mask register. Power-on reset cannot be
disabled, because the diagnostics and the output control depend
on the logic regulator to operate correctly. If a bit is set to one
in the mask register, then the corresponding diagnostic will be
completely disabled. No fault states for the disabled diagnostic
will be generated, and no diagnostic bits will be set. See Mask
Register definition for bit allocation.
Care must be taken when diagnostics are disabled to avoid
potentially damaging conditions.
Diagnostic and System Verification
To comply with various aspects of safe system design, it is necessary for higher-level safety systems to verify that any diagnostics
or functions used to guarantee safe operation must also be verified to ensure that theses critical functions are operating within
specified tolerances.
There are four basic aspects to verification of diagnostic functions:
1. Verify connections
2. Verify comparators
3. Verify thresholds
4. Verify fault propagation
These have to be completed for each diagnostic. In addition, the
operation of system functions not directly covered by diagnostics
should also be verified.
The A3922 includes additional verification functions to help the
system design comply with any safety requirements. Many of
these functions can only be completed when the diagnostics are
not required and must be commanded to run by the main system
controller. These functions are referred to as “off-line” verification.
A few of the functions can be continuously active, but the results
must be checked by the main system controller on a regular basis.
These functions are referred to as “on-line” verification.
The frequency with which these off-line verification functions are
run, or on-line verifications results are checked, will depend on
the safety requirements of the system using the A3922.
Example methods of how to use these verification functions to
verify system diagnostics are documented in the A3922 Safety
Manual.
On-Line Verification
The following functions are permanently active and will set the
appropriate bit in the verification result register to indicate that
the verification has failed. No other action will be taken by the
A3922. These verification functions verify that certain of the
A3922 terminals are correctly connected to the power bridge
circuit.
BRIDGE: VBRG DISCONNECTED
The VBRG terminal provides the common-drain voltage reference for the high-side MOSFET VDS overvoltage detectors. If
this becomes disconnected, then the high-side VDS detection will
be invalid, and VDS overvoltage faults may not be detected. If
VBRG is disconnected, the internal current sink from the input
will ensure that the voltage at the VBRG terminal will fall. A
comparator is provided to monitor the voltage between the main
supply connection at the VBB terminal, and the voltage at VBRG
(VBB – VBRG) is compared to the VBRG open threshold voltage
(VBRO), determined by the variable VTB[1:0] as:
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
28
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
VBRO = (n + 1) × 2 V
VBAT
where n is a positive integer defined by VTB[1:0] giving thresholds at 2 V, 4 V, 6 V, and 8 V.
VBB
If VBB – VBRG exceeds the VBRG open threshold voltage, then
the VBR bit will be set in the verification result register, and
all high-side VDS fault bits will be set in the Diag 1 register.
If ESF = 1, then all gate drive outputs will be disabled. When
VBB – VBRG falls below the falling VBRG open threshold voltage
(VBRO – VBROHys), the fault state will be reset, and the outputs
will be reactivated. The VBR bit remains in the verification result
register until cleared, and the VDS diagnostic bits remain in the
Diag 1 register until cleared.
VBRG
Note that, for accurate VBRG disconnect detection at VBB less
than 12 V, it is important to ensure the selected VBRG disconnect
threshold (VBRO) is no more than 4 V less than VBB.
BRIDGE: PHASE STATE MONITOR
The bridge phase connections at the SA and SB terminals are
connected to a variable threshold comparator. The output of the
comparator is stored in the SAS and SBS phase state bits in the
verification result register to provide a logic level monitor of the
state of the power bridge outputs to the load. The threshold for
the two comparators (VPT) is generated as a ratio of the bridge
voltage by a 6-bit DAC and determined by the contents of the
VPT[5:0] variable.
VBRO
n
V
64 BRG
where n is a positive integer defined by VPT[5:0].
VPT can be programmed between 0 and 98.4%VBRG.
SENSE AMPLIFIER DISCONNECT
The sense amplifier includes continuous current sources (ISAD)
that will allow detection of an input open circuit condition. If an
input open circuit is detected, then the SAD bit will be set in the
verification result register.
BRIDGE: LSS DISCONNECTED
The LSS terminal includes a continuous current source (ILU) to
VREG that will pull the LSS terminal up, if there is no low-impedance path from LSS to ground. If the voltage at the LSS terminal
Cx
CBOOTx
GHx
VDSTH
RGH
ISU
Sx
ISD
GLx
RGL
VDSTL
ILU
LSSx
VLSO
ISAD
CSP
VSAD
ISAD
CSM
VPT is approximately defined as:
VPT =
IVBRG
VSAD
GND
Figure 7: Bridge Terminal Connection Verification
with respect to ground rises above the LSS open threshold
(VLSO), then both LSD bits will be set in the Verify Result 0 register, and the low-side VDS fault bits (ALO and BLO) will be set
in the Diag 1 register. If ESF = 1, then all gate drive outputs will
be disabled. When the voltage at the LSS terminal falls below the
falling LSS open threshold voltage (VLSO – VLSOHys), the fault
state will be reset, and the outputs will be reactivated. The LSD
bits remain in the Verify Result 0 register until cleared, and the
ALO and BLO bits remain in the Diag 1 register until cleared.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
29
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
Off-Line Verification
The following functions are only active when commanded by
setting the appropriate bit in the verification command register
in addition to any required gate drive commands. If the function
only verifies a connection, then a fail will set the appropriate bit
in the verification result register. No other action will be taken
by the A3922. If the function is to verify one of the diagnostic
circuits in the A3922, then the verification is completed by checking that the associated fault bit is set in the diagnostic register.
BRIDGE: PHASE DISCONNECTED
The connections to each of the phases at the common node at the
source of the high-side and the drain of the low-side MOSFET
can be verified by a combination of MOSFET commands and test
currents.
Both high-side and low-side tests must be performed to fully
verify the connection for each phase.
Firstly, for the phase A high-side test, GHA is switched on using
the serial command register bits or the logic input terminals. A
pull-down current on phase A (ISD) is then switched on by setting
the YPH bit in the Verify Command 1 register to 1. The phase
state monitor is then used to check that the SA connection is
higher than the programmable threshold set by VPT. If the phase
state monitor output is high when YPH is reset to 0, then the
PAC bit will be set in the Verify Result 0 register, indicating the
phase A high-side is connected. The external controller is able to
determine the time required to complete the verification, as the
PAC bit will only be set in the Verify Result 0 register when YPH
is reset to 0. The high-side test is then repeated for phase B, with
GHB switched on.
Secondly, for the phase A low-side test, GLA is switched on using
the serial command register bits or the logic input terminals. A
pull-up current on phase A (ISU) is then switched on by setting the
YPL bit in the Verify Command 1 register to 1. The phase state
monitor is then used to check that the SA connection is lower
than the programmable threshold set by VPT. If the phase state
monitor is low when YPL is reset to 0, then the PAC bit will be
set in the Verify Result 0 register, indicating the phase B low-side
is connected. The external controller is able to determine the time
required to complete the verification, as the PAC bit will only
be set in the Verify Result 0 register when YPL is reset to 0. The
low-side test is then repeated for phase B, with GLB switched on.
Note that, during verification of the phase connections, the VDS
overvoltage detection should be masked to avoid a VDS fault
condition being detected and disabling the MOSFET under
verification.
VERIFY: VREG UNDERVOLTAGE
The VREG undervoltage detector is verified by setting the YRU
bit in the Verify Command 0 register to 1. This applies a voltage
to the comparator that is lower than the undervoltage threshold
and should cause the VREG undervoltage fault bit (VRU) to be
latched in the Diag 1 register. When YRU is reset to 0, the fault
state will be cleared, but the VRU bit will remain set in the Diag
1 register until cleared. If the VRU bit is not set, then the verification has failed.
VERIFY: VREG OVERVOLTAGE
The VREG overvoltage detector is verified by setting the YRO
bit in the Verify Command 0 register to 1. This applies a voltage
to the comparator that is higher than the overvoltage threshold
and should cause the VREG overvoltage fault bit (VRO) to be
latched in the diagnostic register. When YRO is reset to 0, the
fault state will be reset, but the VRO bit will remain set in the
diagnostic register until cleared. If the VRO bit is not set, then the
verification has failed.
VERIFY: TEMPERATURE WARNING
The temperature warning detector is verified by setting the YTW
bit in the Verify Command 0 register to 1. This applies a voltage
to the comparator that is lower than the temperature warning
threshold and should cause the temperature warning fault bit
(TW) to be latched in the Status register. When YTW is reset to
0, the fault state will be cleared, but the TW bit will remain set in
the Status register until cleared. If the TW bit is not set, then the
verification has failed.
VERIFY: OVERTEMPERATURE
The overtemperature detector is verified by setting the YOT bit
in the Verify Command 0 register to 1. This applies a voltage to
the comparator that is higher than the overtemperature threshold
and should cause the overtemperature fault bit (OT) to be latched
in the Status register. When YOT is reset to 0, the fault state will
be cleared, but the OT bit will remain in the Status register until
cleared. If the OT bit is not, set then the verification has failed.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
30
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
VERIFY: VBB SUPPLY UNDERVOLTAGE
The VBB undervoltage detector is verified by setting the YSU bit
in the Verify Command 0 register to1.This applies a voltage to
the comparator that is lower than the VBB undervoltage threshold
and should cause a VBB undervoltage fault (VSU) to be latched
in the Diag 2 register. When YSU is reset to 0, the general fault
flag will be cleared, and the VSU bit will remain set in the Diag
2 register until cleared. If the VSU bit is not set, then the verification has failed.
VERIFY: VBB SUPPLY OVERVOLTAGE
The VBB overvoltage detector is verified by setting the YSO bit
in the Verify Command 0 register to 1. This applies a voltage to
the comparator that is higher than the VBB overvoltage threshold
and should cause the VBB overvoltage fault bit (VSO) to be
latched in the Diag 2 register. When YSO is reset to 0, the fault
state will be cleared, but the VSO bit will remain set in the Diag
2 register until cleared. If the VSO bit is not set, then the verification has failed.
VERIFY: VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
The VGS undervoltage high-side detectors are verified by setting
the YGU bit in the Verify Command 1 register to 1 and switching
on the corresponding low-side MOSFET in sequence using the
serial command register bits or the logic input terminals. This
should cause the high-side VGS undervoltage fault bit (AHU or
BHU) to be latched in the Diag 0 register. The VGS undervoltage
low-side detectors are verified by setting the YGU bit in the
Verify Command 1 register to 1 and switching on the corresponding high-side MOSFET using the serial command register bits
or the logic input terminals. This should cause the low-side VGS
undervoltage fault bit to be latched in the Diag 0 register. This
must be repeated for each MOSFET to verify all VGS undervoltage comparators. When YGU is reset to 0 or all gate drives are
commanded off, then the fault states will be reset but the VGS
undervoltage fault bits will remain in the Diag 0 register until
cleared. If any VGS fault bit is not set after all MOSFETs have
been switched, then the verification has failed for the corresponding comparator.
VERIFY: BOOTSTRAP CAPACITOR UNDERVOLTAGE
FAULT
The bootstrap capacitor undervoltage detectors are verified by
setting the YBU bit in the Verify Command 0 register to 1 and
switching on a high-side MOSFET using the serial Control
register bits or the logic input terminals. This should cause the
corresponding bootstrap undervoltage fault bit (VA or VB) to
be latched in the Diag 2 register. This must be repeated for each
high-side MOSFET to verify all bootstrap undervoltage comparators. When YBU is reset to 0 or all gate drives are commanded
off, then the fault states will be reset, but the bootstrap undervoltage faults will remain in the Diag 2 register until cleared. If any
bootstrap undervoltage fault bit is not set after all MOSFETs have
been switched, then the verification has failed for the corresponding comparator.
VERIFY: MOSFET VDS OVERVOLTAGE FAULT
The VDS overvoltage high-side detectors are verified by setting
the YDO bit in the Verify Command 1 register to 1 and switching
on the corresponding low-side MOSFET using the serial Control
register bits or the logic input terminals. This should cause the
high-side VDS overvoltage fault bit (AHO or BHO) to be latched
in the Diag 1 register. The low-side detectors are verified by
setting the YDO bit in the Verify Command 1 register to 1 and
switching on the corresponding high-side MOSFET using the
serial command register bits or the logic input terminals. This
should cause the low-side VDS overvoltage fault bit (ALO or
BLO) to be latched in the Diag 1 register. This must be repeated
for each MOSFET to verify all VDS overvoltage comparators.
When YDO is reset to 0 or all gate drives are commanded off,
then the fault states will be reset but the VDS overvoltage faults
will remain in the Diag 1 register until cleared. If any VDS overvoltage fault bit is not set after all MOSFETs have been switched,
then the verification has failed.
VERIFY: LOGIC TERMINAL OVERVOLTAGE
The logic terminal overvoltage detector is verified by setting the
YLO bit in the Verify Command 0 register to 1. This applies a
voltage to the comparator that is higher than the logic input overvoltage threshold and should cause the logic overvoltage fault bit
(VLO) to be latched in the diagnostic register. When YLO is reset
to 0, the fault sate will be reset, but the VLO bit will remain set in
the diagnostic register until cleared. If the VLO bit is not set, then
the verification has failed.
VERIFY: ENABLE WATCHDOG TIMEOUT
The ENABLE watchdog timeout is verified by setting the EWD
bit to 1 to select the watchdog mode and then changing the state
of the ENABLE input. This change of state will enable the gate
drive outputs under command from the corresponding phase
control signals and will start the watchdog timer. The ENABLE
input must then be held in this state. At the end of the timeout
period (tETO), the ETO bit should be set in the Status register. If
the ETO bit is not set then the verification has failed.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
31
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
VERIFY: OVERCURRENT DETECT AND SENSE AMPLIFIER
The overcurrent detector is verified by setting the YOC bit in the
Verify Command 1 register to 1. This will force the output of the
sense amplifier to its positive full-scale output, which can then
be measured at the sense amplifier output. The sense amplifier
output remains connected to the over current comparator, and
the full-scale output applies a voltage to the comparator that is
higher than the over current threshold. This should cause both
overcurrent fault bits (OCA and OCB) to be latched in the Diag 2
register.
VERIFY: OFF-STATE OPEN-LOAD DETECTION
The off-state open-load detector is verified in two steps. The
first step verifies the current source, comparator, and timer.
The second step verifies the current sink. In both cases, all gate
drive outputs must be low, and all MOSFETs must be held in the
off-state. The DOO bit in the Config 5 register must be set to 0 to
activate off-state open-load detection. The state of the OP bit in
the Verify Command 1 register determines which phase will be
verified. If OP = 0, the phase A off-state open-load detector will
be verified. If OP = 1, the phase B off-state open-load detector
will be verified.
When YOC is reset to 0, the sense amplifier output will return to
normal operation, but the OCA and OCB bits will remain set in
the Diag 2 register until cleared. If the OCA and OCB bits are not
set then the verification has failed.
The first off-state open-load detector verification is started by
setting the YOU bit in the Verify Command 1 register to 1, with
the OP bit in the Verify Command 1 register set to 0. This connects a resistor to the phase A open-load current source such that
the input voltage to the comparator is greater than the open-load
detection voltage. It also turns off the open-load current sink,
clears any open-load faults, and resets the open-load timer. At the
end of the timeout period, the YOU bit will be reset by the A3922
to indicate that the timeout is complete, and the OL fault bit
should be set in the Diag 2 register. When YOU is reset to 0, the
resistor will be disconnected from the open-load current source,
and the OL bit will remain set in the diagnostic register until
reset. If YOU is reset to 0 before the timeout has completed, then
the verification will be terminated without setting any fault bits.
Note that, during verification of the overcurrent detector, the
overcurrent threshold voltage (VOCT) plus any offset programmed
on SAO[3:0] (VOOS) must not exceed the sense amplifier fullscale output of 4.8 V.
If VOCT + VOOS exceeds the sense amplifier full-scale output,
then the OCA and OCB bits will not be set and the verification
will fail.
VERIFY: ON-STATE OPEN-LOAD DETECTION AND
SENSE AMPLIFIER
The on-state open-load detector is verified by setting the AOL
bit in the Config 4 register to 1, setting the YOL bit in the Verify
Command 1 register to 1 and switching GLB or GLA on. Setting
the YOL bit to 1 will force the output of the sense amplifier to
its zero current output (zero differential input) which can then
be measured at the sense amplifier output. The sense amplifier
output remains connected to the open-load comparator and the
zero current output applies a voltage to the comparator that is
lower than the open-load threshold. When YOL is first set to 1,
any on-state open-load fault is cleared and the open-load timer is
reset by the A3922 to indicate that the timeout is complete and
the OL fault bit should be reset in the Diag 2 register. When YOL
and AOL are reset to 0, the sense amplifier output will return to
normal operation, but the OL bit will remain set in the Diag 2
register until reset. If the OL bit is not set, then the verification
has failed. If YOL is reset to 0 before the timeout has completed,
then the verification will be terminated without setting any fault
bits.
The first off-state open-load detector verification is then repeated
for Phase B with the OP bit in the Verify Command 1 register set
to 1.
The second off-state open-load detector verification is started
by setting the YOD bit in the Verify Command 1 register to 1,
with the OP bit in the Verify Command 1 register set to 0. This
connects a resistor to the phase A open-load current sink and the
open-load comparator input, such that the input voltage to the
comparator is greater than the open-load detection voltage. It
also turns off the open-load current source, clears any open-load
faults, and resets the open-load timer. At the end of the timeout
period, the YOD bit will be reset by the A3922 to indicate that
the timeout is complete, and the OL fault bit should be set in
the Diag 2 register. When YOD is reset to 0, the resistor will be
disconnected from the open-load current sink, and the comparator
and the OL bit will remain set in the Diag 2 register until reset.
If YOD is reset to 0 before the timeout has completed, then the
verification will be terminated without setting any fault bits.
The second off-state open-load detector verification is then
repeated for Phase B with the OP bit in the Verify Command 1
register set to 1.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
32
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
SERIAL INTERFACE
Serial Registers Definition*
15
14
13
12
11
0: Config 0
0
0
0
0
WR
1: Config 1
0
0
0
1
WR
2: Config 2
0
0
1
0
WR
3: Config 3
0
0
1
1
WR
4: Config 4
0
1
0
0
WR
5: Config 5
0
1
0
1
WR
6: Verify Command 0
0
1
1
0
WR
7: Verify Command 1
0
1
1
1
WR
8: Verify Result 0
1
0
0
0
0
9: Verify Result 1
1
0
0
1
0
10: Mask 0
1
0
1
0
WR
11: Mask 1
1
0
1
1
WR
12: Diag 0
1
1
0
0
0
13: Diag 1
1
1
0
1
0
14: Diag 2
1
1
1
0
0
15: Control
1
1
1
1
WR
FF
POR
SE
1
1
0
Status
0
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
TOC3
TOC2
TOC1
TOC0
DT5
DT4
DT3
DT2
DT1
DT0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
OCT3
OCT2
OCT1
OCT0
VTL5
VTL4
VTL3
VTL2
VTL1
VTL0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
OCQ
VDQ
VTB1
VTB0
VTH5
VTH4
VTH3
VTH2
VTH1
VTH0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
OLT3
OLT2
OLT1
OLT0
TVD5
TVD4
TVD3
TVD2
TVD1
TVD0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
AOL
EWD
OLI
VRG
VPT5
VPT4
VPT3
VPT2
VPT1
VPT0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
DOO
SAO3
SAO2
SAO1
SAO0
SAG2
SAG1
SAG0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
YSU
YTW
YOT
YRO
YRU
YBU
YLO
YSO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
OP
YPH
YPL
YDO
YOC
YGU
YOL
YOU
YOD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PBC
PAC
VBR
LSD
LSD
0
0
0
0
0
SBS
SAS
0
0
0
0
0
BHU
BLU
AHU
ALU
0
0
0
0
BHO
BLO
AHO
ALO
0
0
0
0
BHU
BLU
AHU
ALU
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
VBS
TW
0
0
0
0
VRO
VRU
VS
VLO
0
0
0
0
0
VRO
VRU
0
0
VSO
VSU
0
0
0
0
OT
TW
0
0
0
0
SAD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BHP
BLO
AHO
ALO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
OCB
OCA
OL
0
0
0
0
BH
BL
AH
AL
0
0
0
0
LDF
BSU
GSU
DSO
0
0
0
0
VB
VA
0
0
0
0
DBM
ESF
0
1
0
0
VS
VLO
ETO
VR
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
33
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A three-wire synchronous serial interface, compatible with SPI, is
used to control the features of the A3922. The SDO terminal can
be used during a serial transfer to provide diagnostic feedback
and readback of the register contents.
The A3922 can be operated without the serial interface using the
default settings and the logic control inputs; however, application
specific configurations and several verifications functions are
only possible by setting the appropriate register bits through the
serial interface. In addition to setting the configuration bits, the
serial interface can also be used to control the bridge MOSFETs
directly.
The serial interface timing requirements are specified in the
Electrical Characteristics table and illustrated in Figure 2. Data
is received on the SDI terminal and clocked through a shift
register on the rising edge of the clock signal input on the SCK
terminal. STRn is normally held high, and it is only brought low
to initiate a serial transfer. No data is clocked through the shift
register when STRn is high, allowing multiple slave units to use
common SDI and SCK connections. Each slave then requires
an independent STRn connection. The SDO output assumes a
high-impedance state when STRn is high, allowing a common
data readback connection.
When 16 data bits have been clocked into the shift register, STRn
must be taken high to latch the data into the selected register.
When this occurs, the internal control circuits act on the new data,
and the registers are reset depending on the type of transfer.
If there are more than 16 rising edges on SCK, or if STRn goes
high and there are fewer than 16 rising edges on SCK, the write
will be cancelled without writing data to the registers. In addition, the diagnostic register will not be reset, and the SE bit will
be set to indicate a data transfer error. This fault condition can
be cleared by a subsequent valid serial write and by a power-on
reset.
that the total number of 1s in any transfer should always be an
odd number. This ensures that there is always at least one bit set
to 1 and one bit set to 0, and it allows detection of stuck-at faults
on the serial input and output data connections. The parity bit is
not stored but generated on each transfer.
Register data is output on the SDO terminal MSB-first while
STRn is low, and it changes to the next bit on each falling edge
of SCK. The first bit, which is always the FF bit from the Status
register, is output as soon as STRn goes low.
Registers 8, 9, 12, 13, and 14 contain verification results and
diagnostic fault indicators and are read only. If the WR bit for
these registers is set to 1, then the data input through SDI is
ignored, and the contents of the Status register is clocked out
on the SDO terminal then reset as for a normal write. No other
action is taken. If the WR bit for these registers is set to 0, then
the data input through SDI is ignored, and the contents of the
addressed register is clocked out on the SDO terminal, and the
addressed register is reset.
In addition to the addressable registers, a read-only Status register
is output on SDO for all register addresses when WR is set to 1.
For all serial transfers, the first five bits output on SDO will
always be the first five bits from the Status register.
Configuration Registers
Six registers are used to configure the operating parameters of the
A3922.
CONFIG 0: BRIDGE TIMING SETTINGS:
• TOC[3:0], a 4-bit integer to set the overcurrent verification
time (tOCQ) in 500 ns increments.
• DT[6:0], a 7-bit integer to set the dead time (tDEAD) in 50 ns
increments.
CONFIG 1: BRIDGE MONITOR SETTING:
• OCT[3:0], a 4-bit integer to set the overcurrent threshold
voltage (VOCT) in 300 mV increments.
The first four bits (D[15:12]) in a serial word are the register
address bits, giving the possibility of 16 register addresses. The
fifth bit—WR (D[11])—is the write/read bit. When WR is 1, the
following 10 bits (D[10:1]) clocked in from the SDI terminal are
written to the addressed register. When WR is 0, the following
10 bits (D[10:1]) clocked in from the SDI terminal are ignored,
no data is written to the serial registers, and the contents of the
addressed register are clocked out on the SDO terminal.
• VTL[5:0], a 6-bit integer to set the low-side drain-source
threshold voltage (VDSTL) in 50 mV increments.
The last bit in any serial transfer (D[0]) is a parity bit that is set to
ensure odd parity in the complete 16-bit word. Odd parity means
• VDQ, selects the VDS qualifier mode, blank or debounce.
CONFIG 2: BRIDGE MONITOR SETTING:
• OCQ, selects the overcurrent time qualifier mode, blank or
debounce.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
34
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
• VTB[1:0], a 2-bit integer to set the VBRG disconnect
threshold voltage (VBRO) in 2 V increments.
• VTH[5:0], a 6-bit integer to set the high-side drain-source
threshold voltage (VDSTH) in 50 mV increments.
CONFIG 3: BRIDGE MONITOR SETTING:
• OLT[3:0], a 4-bit integer to set the open-load threshold voltage
(VOLT) in 25 mV increments.
• TVD[5:0], a 6-bit integer to set the VDS fault verification time
(tVDQ) in 100 ns increments.
CONFIG 4: BRIDGE MONITOR SETTING:
• AOL, activates on-state open-load detection
• EWD, activates ENABLE watchdog monitor
• OLI, selects the open-load test current
• VRG, selects the regulator and gate drive voltage.
• VPT[5:0], a 6-bit integer to set the phase comparator threshold
voltage (VPT) as a ratio of the bridge voltage (VBRG) in 1.56%
increments from 0 to 98.4%.
CONFIG 5: SENSE AMP GAIN AND OFFSET:
• DOO, disables the off-state open-load detection.
• SAO[3:0], a 4-bit integer to set the sense amplifier offset
between 0 and 2.5 V.
• SAG[2:0], a 3-bit integer to set the sense amplifier gain
between 10 and 50 V/V.
Verification Registers
Four registers are used to manage the system and diagnostic
verification features.
VERIFY COMMAND 0:
Individual bits to initiate off-line verification tests for temperature, VREG, bootstrap, logic overvoltage, and VBB diagnostics.
VERIFY RESULT 1 (READ-ONLY):
Individual bits holding the results of phase state and sense amp
verification tests. These bits are reset on completion of a successful read of the register.
Diagnostic Registers
In addition to the read-only Status register, five registers provide
detailed diagnostic management and reporting. Two mask register
allow individual diagnostics to be disabled, and three read-only
diagnostic registers provide fault bits for individual diagnostic
tests and monitors. If a bit is set to one in the mask register, then
the corresponding diagnostic will be completely disabled. No
fault states for the disabled diagnostic will be generated, and no
diagnostic bits will be set. These bits in the diagnostic registers
are cleared on completion of a successful read of the register.
MASK 0:
Individual bits to disable bootstrap, temperature warning, and
VGS diagnostic monitors.
MASK 1:
Individual bits to disable VREG, VBB, logic, and VDS diagnostic monitors.
DIAGNOSTIC 0 (READ-ONLY):
Individual bits indicating faults detected in VGS diagnostic
monitors.
DIAGNOSTIC 1 (READ-ONLY):
Individual bits indicating faults detected in VREG and VDS
diagnostic monitors.
DIAGNOSTIC 2 (READ-ONLY):
Individual bits indicating faults detected in VBB, bootstrap,
overcurrent, and open-load diagnostic monitors.
Control Register
VERIFY COMMAND 1:
Individual bits to initiate off-line verification tests for phase
disconnect, VDS, VGS, overcurrent, and open-load diagnostics.
The Control register contains one control bit for each MOSFET
and some system function settings:
VERIFY RESULT 0 (READ-ONLY):
Individual bits holding the results of phase disconnect, VBRG
open, and LSS open verification tests. These bits are reset on
completion of a successful read of the register.
• ESF: defines the action taken when a short is detected. See
diagnostics section for details of fault actions.
• DBM: disabled bootstrap management function.
• BH, BL: MOSFET Control bits for Phase B.
• AH, AL: MOSFET Control bits for Phase A.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
35
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
Status Register
There is one Status register in addition to the 16 addressable
registers. When any register transfer takes place, the first five bits
output on SDO are always the most significant five bits of the
Status register, irrespective of whether the addressed register is
being read or written. (see Serial Timing diagram). The content
of the remaining eleven bits will depend on the state of the WR
bit input on SDI. When WR is 1, the addressed register will be
written, and the remaining eleven bits output on SDO will be
the least significant ten bits of the Status register followed by a
parity bit. When WR is 0, the addressed register will be read, and
the remaining eleven bits will be the contents of the addressed
register followed by a parity bit. The two verification result
registers and the three diagnostic registers are read-only, and the
remaining eleven bits output on SDO will always be the contents
of the addressed register followed by a parity bit, irrespective of
the state of the WR bit input on SDI.
The read-only Status register provides a summary of the chip
status by indicating if any diagnostic monitors have detected a
fault. The most significant three bits of the Status register indicate
critical system faults. Bits 10, 9, and 8 provide indicators for
specific individual monitors, and the remaining bits are derived
from the contents of the three diagnostic registers. The contents
and mapping to the diagnostic registers are listed in Table 7.
The first and most significant bit in the register is the diagnostic
status flag (FF). This is high if any bits in the Status register are
set. When STRn goes low to start a serial write, SDO outputs the
diagnostic status flag. This allows the main controller to poll the
A3922 through the serial interface to determine if a fault has been
detected. If no faults have been detected, then the serial transfer
may be terminated without generating a serial read fault, by
ensuring that SCK remains high while STRn is low. When STRn
goes high, the transfer will be terminated, and SDO will go into
its high-impedance state.
The second most significant bit is the POR bit. At power-up
or after a power-on reset, the FF bit and the POR bit are set,
indicating to the external controller that a power-on reset has
taken place. All other diagnostic bits are reset, and all other
registers are returned to their default state. Note that a power-on
reset only occurs when the output of the internal logic regulator
rises above its undervoltage threshold. Power-on reset is not
affected by the state of the VBB supply or the VREG regulator
output. In general, the VR and VRU bits will also be set following a power-on reset, as the regulators will not have reached their
respective rising undervoltage thresholds until after the register
reset is completed.
The third bit in the Status register is the SE bit, which indicates
that the previous serial transfer was not completed successfully.
Bits 11, 10, 8, and 7 are the fault bits for the four individual
monitors OT, TW, VLO, and ETO. If one or more of these faults
are no longer present, then the corresponding fault bits will be
reset following a successful read of the Status register. Resetting
only affects latched fault bits for faults that are no longer present.
For any static faults that are still present (e.g. overtemperature),
the corresponding fault bit will remain set after the reset.
The remaining bits (VS, VR, LDF, BSU, GSU, and DSO) are
all derived from the contents of the diagnostic registers. These
bits are only cleared when the corresponding contents of the
diagnostic are read and reset—they cannot be reset by reading the
Status register. A fault indicated on any of the related diagnostic
register bits will set the corresponding status bit to 1. The related
diagnostic register must then be read to determine the exact fault
and clear the fault state if the fault condition has cleared.
Table 7: Status Register Mapping
Status Register Bit
FF
POR
SE
Diagnostic
Related Diagnostic
Register Bits
Status flag
None
Power-on reset
None
Serial error
None
VS
VBB monitor
VSU, VSO
OT
Overtemperature
None
TW
Temperature warning
None
VLO
Logic OV
None
ETO
ENABLE timeout
None
VR
VREG monitor
VRU, VRO
LDF
Load monitor
OCA, OCB, OL
BSU
Bootstrap UV
VA, VB
GSU
VGS UV
AHU, ALU, BHU, BLU
DSO
VDS OV
AHO, ALO, BHO, BLO
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
36
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
SERIAL REGISTER INTERFACE
Serial Register Reference*
15
14
13
12
11
0: Config 0
0
0
0
0
WR
1: Config 1
0
0
0
1
WR
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
TOC3
TOC2
TOC1
TOC0
DT5
DT4
DT3
DT2
DT1
DT0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
OCT3
OCT2
OCT1
OCT0
VTL5
VTL4
VTL3
VTL2
VTL1
VTL0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
P
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Config 0
Config 1
TOC[3:0] – OVERCURRENT VERIFICATION TIME
OCT[3:0] – OVERCURRENT THRESHOLD
tOCQ = n × 500 ns
VOCT = (n + 1) × 300 mV
where n is a positive integer defined by TOC[3:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition TOC[3:0] = [1111], then tOCQ =
7.5 µs.
where n is a positive integer defined by OCT[3:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition OCT[3:0] = [1001], then VOCT =
3 V.
The range of tOCQ is 0 to 7.5 µs.
The range of VOCT is 0.3 to 4.8 V.
DT[5:0] – DEAD TIME
VTL[5:0] – LOW-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE THRESHOLD
tDEAD = n × 50 ns
VDSTL = n × 50 mV
where n is a positive integer defined by DT[5:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition DT[5:0] = [10 0000], then tDEAD
= 1.6 µs.
where n is a positive integer defined by VTL[5:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition VTL[5:0] = [01 1000], then
VDSTL = 1.2 V.
The range of tDEAD is 100 ns to 3.15 µs. Selecting a value of 1
or 2 will set the dead time to 100 ns. A value of zero disables the
dead time.
The range of VDSTL is 0 to 3.15 V.
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
37
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
15
14
13
12
11
2: Config 2
0
0
1
0
WR
3: Config 3
0
0
1
1
WR
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
OCQ
VDQ
VTB1
VTB0
VTH5
VTH4
VTH3
VTH2
VTH1
VTH0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
OLT3
OLT2
OLT1
OLT0
TVD5
TVD4
TVD3
TVD2
TVD1
TVD0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
P
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Config 2
Config 3
OCQ – OVERCURRENT TIME QUALIFIER MODE
OLT[3:0] – ON-STATE OPEN-LOAD THRESHOLD
OCQ
Qualifier
0
Debounce
1
Blanking
Default
D
VDQ – VDS FAULT QUALIFIER MODE
VDQ
Qualifier
0
Debounce
1
Blank
Default
D
VOLTON = (n + 1) × 25 mV
where n is a positive integer defined by OLT[3:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition OLT[3:0] = [1000], then VOLTON
= 225 mV.
The range of VOLTON is 25 to 400 mV.
TVD[5:0] – VDS VERIFICATION TIME
tVDQ = n × 100 ns
VTB[1:0] – VBRG DISCONNECT THRESHOLD
VBRO = (n + 1) × 2 V
where n is a positive integer defined by VTB[1:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition VTB[1:0] = [00], then VBRO =
2 V.
The range of VBRO is 2 to 8 V.
where n is a positive integer defined by TVD[5:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition TVD[5:0] = [01 0000], then
tVDQ = 1.6 µs.
The range of tVDQ is 0 to 6.3 µs.
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
VTH[5:0] – HIGH-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE THRESHOLD
VDSTH = n × 50 mV
where n is a positive integer defined by VTH[5:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition VTH[5:0] = [01 1000], then
VDSTH = 1.2 V.
The range of VDSTH is 0 to 3.15 V.
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
38
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
15
14
13
12
11
4: Config 4
0
1
0
0
WR
5: Config 5
0
1
0
1
WR
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
AOL
EWD
OLI
VRG
VPT5
VPT4
VPT3
VPT2
VPT1
VPT0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
DOO
SAO3
SAO2
SAO1
SAO0
SAG2
SAG1
SAG0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
0
Config 4
Config 5
AOL – ON-STATE OPEN-LOAD DETECT
SAO[3:0] – SENSE AMP OFFSET
AOL
On-state Open Load Detect
0
Inactive
1
Active
Default
SAO
D
0
0 mV
1
0 mV
2
100 mV
EWD – ENABLE WATCHDOG
EWD
ENABLE Watchdog
0
Inactive
1
Active
3
100 mV
Default
4
200 mV
D
5
300 mV
6
400 mV
7
500 mV
8
750 mV
OLI – OFF-STATE OPEN-LOAD TEST CURRENT
OLI
Test Current
0
100 µA
1
400 µA
Default
9
1V
D
10
1.25 V
11
1.5 V
12
1.75 V
13
2V
14
2.25 V
15
2.5 V
VRG – VREG VOLTAGE LEVEL
VRG
VREG Voltage
0
8V
1
13 V
Default
D
VPT[5:0] – PHASE COMPARATOR THRESHOLD
n
VPT =
V
64 BRG
where n is a positive integer defined by VPT[5:0]. For example,
for the power-on-reset condition VPT[5:0] = [10 0000], then VPT
= 50% VBRG.
The range of VPT is 0 to 98.4% VBRG.
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Sense Amp Offset
0
P
P
Default
D
where SAO is a positive integer defined by SAO[3:0].
SAG[2:0] – SENSE AMP GAIN
SAG
Sense Amp Gain
0
10
1
15
2
20
3
25
4
30
5
35
6
40
7
50
Default
D
where SAG is a positive integer defined by SAG[2:0].
Continued on next page...
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
39
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Config 5 (continued)
DOO – OFF-STATE OPEN-LOAD DETECT
DOO
Off-State Open Load Detect
0
Active
1
Inactive
Default
D
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
40
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
15
14
13
12
11
6: Verify Command 0
0
1
1
0
WR
7: Verify Command 1
0
1
1
1
WR
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
YSU
YTW
YOT
YRO
YRU
YBU
YLO
YSO
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
OP
YPH
YPL
YDO
YOC
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
YGU
YOL
YOU
YOD
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Verify Command 0
Verify Command 1
YSU – VBB SUPPLY UNDERVOLTAGE
OP
YTW – TEMPERATURE WARNING
OP
YOT – OVERTEMPERATURE
YRO – VREG OVERVOLTAGE
Off-state Open Load Phase Select
0
Phase A
1
Phase B
D
YRU – VREG UNDERVOLTAGE
YPH – PHASE CONNECT HIGH-SIDE
YBU – BOOTSTRAP UNDERVOLTAGE
YPL – PHASE CONNECT LOW-SIDE
YLO – LOGIC OVERVOLTAGE
YDO – VDS OVERVOLTAGE
YSO – VBB SUPPLY OVERVOLTAGE
YOC – OVERCURRENT
Yxx
Verification
0
Inactive
1
Active
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Default
D
Default
YGU – VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
YOL – ON-STATE OPEN-LOAD
YOU – OFF-STATE OPEN-LOAD CURRENT SOURCE
YOD – OFF-STATE OPEN-LOAD CURRENT SINK
Yxx
Verification
0
Inactive
1
Active and Initiate
Default
D
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
41
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
15
14
13
12
11
8: Verify Result 0
1
0
0
0
0
9: Verify Result 1
1
0
0
1
0
10
0
0
9
8
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
6
5
4
PBC
PAC
VBR
0
0
0
SBS
SAS
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
LSD
LSD
0
0
0
P
SAD
0
0
P
0
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Verify Result 0 (read-only)
Verify Result 1 (read-only)
PBC – PHASE B CONNECT
SBS – PHASE B STATE
PAC – PHASE A CONNECT
SAS – PHASE A STATE
VBR – VBRG DISCONNECT
SAD – SENSE AMP DISCONNECT
LSD[1:0] – LSS DISCONNECT
xxx
Verification Result
0
Not Detected
1
Detected
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
xxx
Verification Result
Default
0
Not Detected
D
1
Detected
Default
D
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
42
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
15
14
13
12
11
10: Mask 0
1
0
1
0
WR
11: Mask 1
1
0
1
1
WR
10
9
8
7
VBS
TW
0
0
0
0
VRO
VRU
VS
VLO
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
5
4
3
2
1
BHU
BLU
AHU
ALU
0
0
0
0
BHO
BLO
AHO
ALO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Mask 0
Mask 1
VBS – BOOTSTRAP UNDERVOLTAGE
VRO – VREG OVERVOLTAGE
TW – TEMPERATURE WARNING
VRU – VREG UNDERVOLTAGE
BHU – PHASE B HIGH-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
VS – VBB OUT OF RANGE
BLU – PHASE B LOW-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
VLO – LOGIC OVERVOLTAGE
AHU – PHASE A HIGH-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
BHO – PHASE B HIGH-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
ALU – PHASE A LOW-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
BLO – PHASE B LOW-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
xxx
Fault Mask
0
Fault Detection Permitted
1
Fault Detection Disabled
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Default
AHO – PHASE A HIGH-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
D
ALO – PHASE A LOW-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
xxx
Fault Mask
0
Fault Detection Permitted
1
Fault Detection Disabled
Default
D
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
43
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
15
14
13
12
11
12: Diag 0
1
1
0
0
0
13: Diag 1
1
1
0
1
0
14: Diag 2
1
1
1
0
0
10
9
0
0
VRO
VRU
0
0
VSO
VSU
0
0
8
7
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
VB
VA
0
0
5
0
0
0
4
3
2
1
BHU
BLU
AHU
ALU
0
0
0
0
BHP
BLO
AHO
ALO
0
0
0
0
OCB
OCA
OL
0
0
0
0
0
P
P
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Diag 0 (read-only)
Diag 2 (read-only)
BHU – PHASE B HIGH-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
VSO – VBB OVERVOLTAGE
BLU – PHASE B LOW-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
VSU – VBB UNDERVOLTAGE
AHU – PHASE A HIGH-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
VB – PHASE B BOOTSTRAP UNDERVOLTAGE
ALU – PHASE A LOW-SIDE VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
VA – PHASE A BOOTSTRAP UNDERVOLTAGE
xxx
Fault
0
No Fault Detected
1
Fault Detected
OCB – OVERCURRENT ON PHASE B
OCA – OVERCURRENT ON PHASE A
OL – OPEN LOAD
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Diag 1 (read-only)
VRO – VREG OVERVOLTAGE
VRU – VREG UNDERVOLTAGE
xxx
Fault
0
No Fault Detected
1
Fault Detected
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
BHO – PHASE B HIGH-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
BLO – PHASE B LOW-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
AHO – PHASE A HIGH-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
ALO – PHASE A LOW-SIDE VDS OVERVOLTAGE
xxx
Fault
0
No Fault Detected
1
Fault Detected
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
44
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
15
15: Control
1
14
1
13
1
12
1
11
10
WR
0
9
0
8
7
DBM
ESF
0
1
6
0
5
0
4
3
2
1
BH
BL
AH
AL
0
0
0
0
0
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Control
DBM – DISABLE BOOTSTRAP MANAGER
DBM
Bootstrap Manager
0
Active
1
Disabled
Default
D
ESF – ENABLE STOP ON FAIL
ESF
Recirculation
0
No Stop on Fail. Report Fault
1
Stop on Fail. Report Fault.
Default
D
BH – PHASE B, HIGH-SIDE GATE DRIVE
BL – PHASE B, LOW-SIDE GATE DRIVE
AH – PHASE A, HIGH-SIDE GATE DRIVE
AL – PHASE A, LOW-SIDE GATE DRIVE
See Tables 2 and 3 for control logic operation.
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
45
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Serial Register Reference*
Status
15
14
13
FF
POR
SE
1
1
0
12
0
11
10
9
8
7
6
OT
TW
VS
VLO
ETO
VR
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
3
2
1
LDF
BSU
GSU
DSO
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
* Power-on-reset value shown below each input register bit.
Status (read-only)
Status Register Bit Mapping
FF – DIAGNOSTIC REGISTER FLAG
POR – POWER-ON-RESET
Status
Register
Bit
Related Diagnostic Register Bits
FF
None
POR
None
SE
None
OT – OVERTEMPERATURE
OT
None
TW – HIGH TEMPERATURE WARNING
TW
None
SE – SERIAL ERROR
VS – VBB OUT OF RANGE
VLO – LOGIC OVERVOLTAGE
ETO – ENABLE WATCHDOG TIMEOUT
VS
VSU, VSO
VLO
None
ETO
None
VR – VREG OUT OF RANGE
VR
VRU, VRO
LDF
OC, OL
LDF – LOAD FAULT
BSU
VA, VB
BSU – BOOTSTRAP UNDERVOLTAGE
GSU
AHU, ALU, BHU, BLU
DSO
AHO, ALO, BHO, BLO
GSU – VGS UNDERVOLTAGE
DSO – VDS OVERVOLTAGE
xxx
Status
0
No Fault Detected
1
Fault Detected
P – PARITY BIT
Ensures an odd number of 1s in any serial transfer.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
46
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Power Bridge PWM control
The A3922 provides individual high-side and low-side controls
for each MOSFET drive in the bridge. This allows any full-bridge
control scheme to be implemented by providing four input
control signals. In addition, the sense of the control inputs to
the A3922 are arranged to permit most of the common control
schemes with only one or two control inputs.
When current in a load is only required to be controlled in a
single direction during a specific operation, the most common
control scheme used is slow decay with synchronous rectification. This applies two complementary PWM signal to one side
HA
PWM
LAn
HBn
DIR
LB
DIR=1
(% Full Scale)
Input Connections
Average Load Current
100%
0
DIR=0
of the bridge, while holding the other side of the bridge with one
MOSFET on and the other off. The control inputs in the A3922
for each side of the bridge are a complementary pair. For phase
A, the high side control input is active high, and the low side is
active-low. This means that the gate drives can be driven in a
complementary mode with a single PWM input signal connected
directly to both high-side and low-side control inputs. A dead
timer is provided for each phase to ensure that current shootthrough (cross-conduction) is avoided. Figure 8 shows the control
signal connections and the bridge operation for each combination.
The graph shows the approximate effect of the PWM duty cycle
on the average load current for each state of the DIR control
signal. In this case, the current will only flow in one direction for
each state of the DIR signal.
The sense of the control inputs are also complementary for each
phase in a bridge. Phase A, high-side control input is active-high,
while phase B high-side control input is active-low. This means
that it is also possible to drive each bridge in fast decay mode
(4-quadrant control) with a single PWM input signal, as shown
in Figure 9. In this case, the single PWM signal can be used to
control the average load current in both positive and negative
directions. 100% duty cycle gives full positive load current, 0%
gives full negative, and 50% gives zero average load current.
-100%
50%
0%
100%
100%
HA
DIR=1
LAn
GHB
GHA
GLA
GHB
GHA
LOAD
PWM
HBn
LB
LOAD
GLB
GLA
GLB
(% Full Scale)
Input Connections
PWM
Average Load Current
PWM Duty Cycle
0
-100%
HA=LAn=PWM
HBn=LB=DIR=1
50%
0%
100%
PWM Duty Cycle
PWM
PWM
DIR=0
GHB
GHA
GLA
GHB
GHA
LOAD
GLB
GLA
GHB
GHA
LOAD
GLB
GLA
HA=LAn=PWM
HBn=LB=DIR=0
Figure 8: PWM and DIR Inputs, Slow Decay, SR
GHB
GHA
LOAD
LOAD
GLB
GLA
GLB
HA=LAn=PWM HBn=LB=DIR
Figure 9: Single PWM Input, Fast Decay, SR
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
47
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Current Sense Amplifier Configuration
where (VSCP – VCSM) is the difference between the sense amplifier inputs, AV is the gain, and VOOS is the offset.
The gain (AV) of the current sense amplifier is defined by the
contents of the SAG[2:0] variable as:
SAG
GAIN
SAG
GAIN
0
10
4
30
1
15
5
35
2
20
6
40
3
25
7
50
The gain and output offset are selected to ensure the voltage at
the CSO output remains within the sense amplifier dynamic range
(VCSOUT) for both positive and negative current directions.
Figure 11 shows the effects that changing the gain and output
offset have on the voltage at the CSO output.
CSO (V)
VCSOUT(max)
The output offset zero point (output voltage corresponding to
zero differential input voltage) (VOOS) is defined by the contents
of the SAO[3:0] variable as:
SAO
VOOS
SAO
VOOS
0
0
8
750 mV
1
0
9
1V
2
100 mV
10
1.25 V
3
100 mV
11
1.5 V
4
3
SAG[2:0] = 10 SAO[3:0] = 0 V
4
200 mV
12
1.75 V
5
300 mV
13
2V
6
400 mV
14
2.25 V
7
500 mV
15
2.5 V
SAG[2:0] = 10 SAO[3:0] = 2 V
2
SAG[2:0] = 20 SAO[3:0] = 0 V
1
VCSOUT(min)
0
0
-2
The current sense amplifier voltage output (VCSO) is defined as:
2
4
IPH (A)
Figure 10: Positive and Negative Current Sensing with
RS = 100 mΩ
VCSO = [(VCSP – VCSM) × AV] + VOOS
VCM = (VCSP + VCSM)/2
AV set by
SAG[2:0] in
Config 5
VCSO = [(VCSP – VCSM) × AV] + VOOS
CSP
RS
RS = 100 mΩ
5
CSO
AV
VID
CSM
VOOS set by
SAO[3:0] in
Config 5
VCSP
IPH
VCSM
VOOS
VCSO
A3922
AGND
Figure 11: Typical Sense Amp Voltage Definitions
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
48
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Dead Time Selection
is transferred from CBOOT to the MOSFET gate.
The choice of power MOSFET and external series gate resistance
determines the selection of the dead time (tDEAD). The tDEAD
should be made long enough to ensure that one MOSFET has
stopped conducting before the complementary MOSFET starts
conducting. This should also account for the tolerance and variation of the MOSFET gate capacitance, the series gate resistance,
and the on-resistance of the driver in the A3922.
To keep the voltage drop due to charge sharing small, the charge
in the bootstrap capacitor (QBOOT) should be much larger than
QGATE, the charge required by the gate:
VGHA–VSA
QBOOT
A factor of 20 is a reasonable value.
QBOOT = CBOOT × VBOOT = QGATE × 20
CBOOT =
VGLA
tDEAD
QGATE
QGATE × 20
VBOOT
where VBOOT is the voltage across the bootstrap capacitor.
The voltage drop (ΔV) across the bootstrap capacitor as the
MOSFET is being turned on can be approximated by:
V =
Vt0
VGSH
Figure 12: Minimum Dead Time
Figure 12 shows the typical switching characteristics of a pair of
complementary MOSFETs. Ideally, one MOSFET should start to
turn on just after the other has completely turned off. The point
at which a MOSFET starts to conduct is the threshold voltage
(Vt0). tDEAD should be long enough to ensure that the gate-source
voltage of the MOSFET that is switching off is just below Vt0
before the gate-source voltage of the MOSFET that is switching
on rises to Vt0. This will be the minimum theoretical tDEAD, but
in practice tDEAD will have to be longer than this to accommodate
variations in MOSFET and driver parameters for process variations and overtemperature.
Bootstrap Capacitor Selection
The A3922 requires two bootstrap capacitors: CA and CB. To
simplify this description of the bootstrap capacitor selection
criteria, generic naming is used here. For example, CBOOT,
QBOOT, and VBOOT refer to any of the two capacitors, and QGATE
refers to any of the two associated MOSFETs. CBOOT must be
correctly selected to ensure proper operation of the device: too
large and time will be wasted charging the capacitor, resulting
in a limit on the maximum duty cycle and PWM frequency; too
small and there can be a large voltage drop at the time the charge
QGATE
CBOOT
So for a factor of 20, ΔV will be 5% of VBOOT.
The maximum voltage across the bootstrap capacitor under
normal operating conditions is VREG (max). However, in some
circumstances, the voltage may transiently reach a maximum
of 18 V, which is the clamp voltage of the Zener diode between
the Cx terminal and the Sx terminal. In most applications, with
a good ceramic capacitor, the working voltage can be limited to
16 V.
Bootstrap Charging
It is good practice to ensure the high-side bootstrap capacitor is
completely charged before a high-side PWM cycle is requested.
The time required to charge the capacitor (tCHARGE), in µs, is
approximated by:
tCHARGE =
CBOOT × V
100
where CBOOT is the value of the bootstrap capacitor in nF and ΔV
is the required voltage of the bootstrap capacitor. At power-up
and when the drivers have been disabled for a long time, the
bootstrap capacitor can be completely discharged. In this case,
ΔV can be considered to be the full, high-side drive voltage
(12 V); otherwise, ΔV is the amount of voltage dropped during the charge transfer, which should be 400 mV or less. The
capacitor is charged whenever the Sx terminal is pulled low and
current flows from the capacitor connected to the VREG terminal
through the internal bootstrap diode circuit to CBOOT.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
49
A3922
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
VREG Capacitor Selection
Supply Decoupling
The internal reference (VREG) supplies current for the low-side
gate-drive circuits and the charging current for the bootstrap
capacitors. When a low-side MOSFET is turned on, the gatedrive circuit will provide the high transient current to the gate
that is necessary to turn the MOSFET on quickly. This current,
which can be several hundred milliamperes, cannot be provided
directly by the limited output of the VREG regulator, but must be
supplied by an external capacitor (CREG) connected between the
VREG terminal and GND.
Since this is a switching circuit, there will be current spikes from
all supplies at the switching points. As with all such circuits, the
power supply connections should be decoupled with a ceramic
capacitor (typically 100 nF) between the supply terminal and
ground. These capacitors should be connected as close as possible to the device supply terminal (VBB) and the power ground
terminal (GND).
The turn-on current for the high-side MOSFET is similar
in value, but is mainly supplied by the bootstrap capacitor.
However, the bootstrap capacitor must then be recharged from
CREG through the VREG terminal. Unfortunately, the bootstrap
recharge can occur a very short time after the low-side turn-on
occurs. This means that the value of CREG between VREG and
GND should be high enough to minimize the transient voltage
drop on VREG for the combination of a low-side MOSFET
turn-on and a bootstrap capacitor recharge. For most applications,
a minimum value of 20 × CBOOT is a reasonable. The maximum
working voltage of CREG will never exceed VREG, so it can be
as low as 15 V. However, it is recommended to use a capacitor
with at least twice the maximum working voltage to reduce any
voltage effects on the capacitance value. This capacitor should be
placed as close as possible to the VREG terminal.
The A3922 can be used to perform dynamic braking by either
forcing all low-side MOSFETs on and all high-side MOSFETs off
or, inversely, by forcing all low-side off and all high-side on. This
will effectively short-circuit the back EMF of the motor, creating
a braking torque. During braking, the load current (IBRAKE) can
be approximated by:
Vbemf
IBRAKE =
RL
Braking
where Vbemf is the voltage generated by the motor and RL is
the resistance of the phase winding. Care must be taken during
braking to ensure that the power MOSFET maximum ratings are
not exceeded. Dynamic braking is equivalent to slow decay with
synchronous rectification and all phases enabled.
The A3922 can also be used to perform regenerative braking.
This is equivalent to using fast decay with synchronous rectification. Note that the supply must be capable of managing the
reverse current, for example, by connecting a resistive load or
dumping the current to a battery or capacitor.
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
50
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
INPUT/OUTPUT STRUCTURES
Cx
16 V
52 V
VBRG
GHx
VBB
6V
CP1
7.5 V
CP2
VREG
Sx
52 V
56 V
20 V
16 V
VREG
16 V
16 V
GLx
LSS
Figure 13A: Gate Drive Outputs
Figure 13B: Supplies
3.3 V
3.3 V
RESETn
ENABLE
HA
LB
3.3 V
50 k
2k
SDI
SCK
2k
2k
STRn
52 V
50 k
50 k
7.5 V
7.5 V
6V
Figure 13C: SDI & SCK Inputs
6V
Figure 13D: STRn Input
Figure 13E: RESETn, ENABLE, HA, & LB
3.3 V
2k
LAn
HBn
50 Ω
3.3 V
CSP
CSM
6V
SDO
CSO
52 V
50 k
7.5 V
7.5 V
7.5 V
Figure 13F: SDO & CSO Outputs
Figure 13G: LAn & HBn Inputs
Figure 13H: CSP & CSM Inputs
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
51
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWING
For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use
(Reference MO-153 AET)
Dimensions in millimeters – NOT TO SCALE
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
9.70 ±0.10
5.08 NOM
8º
0º
28
0.20
0.09
B
3 NOM
4.40±0.10
6.40±0.20
A
0.60 ±0.15 1.00 REF
1
2
Branded Face
0.25 BSC
C
28X
1.20 MAX
0.10 C
0.30
0.19
SEATING
PLANE
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
0.65 BSC
0.15
0.00
0.65
0.45
28
1.65
A Terminal #1 mark area
B Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface)
3.00
6.10
C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 SOP65P640X120-29CM);
All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary
to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when
mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land
can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
1 2
5.00
C
PCB Layout Reference View
Figure 14: Package LP, 28-Pin eTSSOP with Exposed Pad
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
52
Automotive, Full-Bridge MOSFET Driver
A3922
Revision History
Revision
Date
–
January 25, 2016
Change
Initial Release
Copyright ©2016, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to
permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in any devices or systems, including but not limited to life support devices or systems, in which a failure of
Allegro’s product can reasonably be expected to cause bodily harm.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC assumes no responsibility for its
use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
53