AS1376 1A, Low Input Voltage, Low Quiescent Current LDO General Description The AS1376 is a Dual Supply Rail Linear Regulator designed to deliver 1A of load current while consuming only 67μA (typ) of ground current. In the typical post regulation application VBIAS is directly connected to the main input supply, (range 2.5V … 5.5V) and VIN is supplied by the output voltage of a host DC-DC Converter (range 0.7V … 4.5V). The device offers excellent dropout (120mV @ 1A) and transient performance. In shutdown (Enable pin pulled low), the device turns off and reduces quiescent current consumption to 10nA (typ) at both VBIAS and VIN terminals. In shutdown, a 100Ω (typ) discharge path is connected between output and ground to provide rapid discharge of the overall load capacitance connected to the AS1376 output terminal. Auto-discharge minimizes the possibility that VOUT > VIN during shutdown. When VOUT > VIN, reverse current flows through the inherent body diode of the N-channel series pass transistor. The AS1376 also features internal protection against over-temperature, over-current and under-voltage conditions. The AS1376 is available in an 8-pin 2x2 TDFN package and AS1376B is available in a 6-balls WL-CSP. Both package options are qualified for operation over the -40ºC to 85ºC temperature range. Ordering Information and Content Guide appear at end of datasheet. ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 1 Document Feedback AS1376 − General Description Key Benefits & Features The benefits and features of this device are listed below: Figure 1: Added Value of Using AS1376 Benefits Features • Less internal voltage losses and minimized self-heating • Ultra-Low Dropout Voltage: <120mV @ 1A load • Supports a variety of low voltage end applications • Output Voltage from 0.5V to 3.3V • Ideal as follower of a buck converter • Input Voltage from 0.7V to 3.6V • Independent bias supply ensures more robustness due to heavy load changes • Bias Supply Voltage from 2.5V to 5.5V • Supports a variety of high load applications • Maximum Output Current up to 1A • Cost effective, small package • 8-pin TDFN 2x2mm package • 6-balls WL-CSP with 0.4mm pitch Applications The devices are ideal for powering cordless and mobile phones, MP3 players, CD and DVD players, PDAs, hand-held computers, digital cameras and any other hand-held and/or battery-powered device. Page 2 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − General Description Block Diagram The functional blocks of this device for reference are shown below: Figure 2: Functional Blocks of AS1376 AS1376 VIN VIN QP OWER VBIAS Error Amplifier FB Reference Core VOUT Thermal Overload Pr otection RDIS CHARGE EN Bandgab Voltage & Cur rent Reference QDIS CHARGE Shutdown Power O n Control Logic GND Block Diagram: This figure shows the block diagram of AS1376 Figure 3: Functional Blocks of AS1376B AS1376B VIN QP OWER VBIAS Error Amplifier VOUT Reference Core Thermal Overload Protection RDIS CHARGE EN Bandgab Voltage & Cur rent Reference Shutdown Power O n Control Logic QDIS CHARGE GND Block Diagram: This figure shows the block diagram of AS1376B ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 3 Document Feedback AS1376 − Pin Assignments Pin Assignments Figure 4: Pin Diagram of AS1376 and AS1376B Pin A1 indicator VIN 1 VIN 2 AS1376 8 VOUT 7 FB 6 GND 5 EN A1 VOUT A2 VIN B1 GND B2 VBIAS C1 GND C2 EN TDFN 8-pin 2x2mm VBIAS 3 GND 4 Exposed pad: GND 9 Pin Assignment: These figures show the top view pin assignment of AS1376 in 8-pin TDFN package and AS1376B in 6-balls WL-CSP. Figure 5: Pin Description of AS1376 and AS1376B Pin Number Pin Name Description 8-Pin TDFN (AS1376) 6-Pin WL-CSP (AS1376B) 1,2 A2 VIN 3 B2 VBIAS Bias Input Voltage. 2.5V to 5.5V. Bypass this pin with a capacitor to GND 4,6 B1,C1 GND Ground. 5 C2 EN Enable. Pull this pin low to disable the device. Feedback Pin. Connect to VOUT to select the factory preset output voltage. For the adjustable version connect to an external resistor divider to set the output voltage. 7 - FB 8 A1 VOUT 9 - Page 4 Document Feedback Unregulated Input Voltage. 0.6V to 3.6V. Bypass this pin with a capacitor to GND Regulated Output Voltage. 0.5V to 3.3V. Bypass this pin with a capacitor to GND Exposed Pad. This pad is not connected internally. Ensure a good connection to the PCB to achieve optimal thermal performance. ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Electrical Characteristics is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Figure 6: Absolute Maximum Ratings of AS1376 Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Comments Electrical Parameters VIN to GND -0.3 5.0 V Applicable for pin: VIN VBIAS, EN to GND -0.3 6.5 V Applicable for pins: VBIAS, EN VOUT to GND -0.3 VIN + 0.3 V Applicable for pin: VOUT Output Short-Circuit Duration ISCR Indefinite Input Current (latch-up immunity) ± 100 mA Norm: JEDEC JESD78D Nov 2011 Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = 70°C) PT(1) Continuous power dissipation 0.6 W WL-CSP 1.5 W TDFN V Norm: JS-001-2014 Electrostatic Discharge ESDHBM Electrostatic Discharge HBM ± 1000 Temperature Ranges and Storage Conditions TA Operating Ambient Temperature RTHJA (1) Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance TJ Operating Junction Temperature TSTRG -40 85 °C 95 °C/W WL-CSP 36 °C/W TDFN 125 °C -55 125 °C WL-CSP -55 150 °C TDFN Storage Temperature Range ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 5 Document Feedback AS1376 − Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol TBODY RHNC MSL Parameter Min Max Units 260 °C Comments WL-CSP Norm: IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 (2) TDFN Norm: IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 (2) The lead finish for Pb-free leaded packages is “Matte Tin” (100% Sn) 1 WL-CSP Represents an unlimited floor time 1 TDFN Represents an unlimited floor time Package Body Temperature Relative Humidity (non-condensing) 5 260 °C 85 % Moisture Sensitivity Level Note(s) and/or Footnote(s): 1. Depending on actual PCB layout and PCB used 2. The reflow peak soldering temperature (body temperature) is specified according IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 “Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Non hermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices Page 6 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Electrical Characteristics Electrical Characteristics All limits are guaranteed. The parameters with min and max values are guaranteed with production tests or SQC (Statistical Quality Control) methods. Figure 7: Electrical Characteristics of AS1376 Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VIN Input Voltage 0.7 3.6 V VBIAS Bias Supply Voltage 2.5 5.5 V VOUT Output Voltage Available in 100mV steps 0.5 3.3 V IOUT = 100uA -1.5 +1.5 -2 +2 VOUT_nom - VOUT VFB % Output Voltage Accuracy IOUT = 0A to 1A Feedback Voltage IOUT = 100uA 492 500 508 mV IOUT = 0A to 1A 490 500 510 mV (1) ΔVOUT / ΔVIN Line Regulation VIN IOUT = 100uA 40 uV/V ΔVOUT / ΔVBIAS Line Regulation VBIAS IOUT = 100uA 135 uV/V ΔVOUT / ΔIOUT Load Regulation IOUT = 1mA to 1A 0.0002 %/mA IOUT Output Current (2) ILIM Current Limit VDROP_ VIN Output Voltage Dropout VIN VDROP_ VBIAS Output Voltage Dropout VBIAS eN Output Voltage Noise ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 1 A VOUT forced to 90% of nominal VOUT 1.35 VBIAS = VOUT + 1.5V, IOUT = 1A 120 VBIAS = VOUT + 1.8V, IOUT = 1A 115 VBIAS = VOUT + 2.1V, IOUT = 1A 110 VBIAS = 5.5V, IOUT = 1A 105 IOUT = 500mA 0.85 IOUT = 1A 1.1 f = 10Hz to 100kHz, IOUT = 1mA 65 A mV V uVRMS Page 7 Document Feedback AS1376 − Electrical Characteristics Symbol PSRR_ VIN PSRR_ VBIAS Parameter Power Supply Rejection Ratio Sine modulated VIN Power Supply Rejection Ratio Sine modulated VBIAS Conditions Min Typ f = 100Hz, IOUT = 10mA 78 f = 1kHz, IOUT = 10mA 61 f = 10kHz, IOUT = 10mA 54 f = 100kHz, IOUT = 10mA 60 f = 100Hz, IOUT = 10mA 69 f = 1kHz, IOUT = 10mA 51 f = 10kHz, IOUT = 10mA 45 f = 100kHz, IOUT = 10mA 45 Max Unit dB dB IQ_VBIAS Quiescent Current into VBIAS IQ_VIN Quiescent Current into VIN IOUT = 0mA 6.5 ISHDN_ VBIAS Shutdown Current into VBIAS EN = 0V 0.02 uA ISHDN_VIN Shutdown Current into VIN EN = 0V 0.02 uA IEN Enable Input Bias Current 60 120 uA 0.001 VIH 8 1 uA 1 Enable Input Threshold VIN = 0.7 to 3.6V V VIL 0.4 TSHDN Thermal Shutdown Temperature 155 °C ΔTSHDN Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 30 °C ΔVOUT Dynamic Load Transient Response VBIAS ±35 mV tON Exit Delay from Shutdown 72 us COUT Output Capacitor Settling to 95%, no Load Load Capacitor Range Maximum ESR Load 1 10 uF 500 mΩ Electrical Characteristics: VIN = VOUT + 0.2V, VBIAS = VOUT + 1.5V (or 2.5V whichever is larger), EN = VBIAS, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF, TAMB = -40°C to 85°C. Typical values are at TAMB = 25°C (unless otherwise specified) Note(s) and/or Footnote(s): 1. Valid only for AS1376-BTDT-AD (adjustable output versions) 2. Limit guaranteed by design and characterization Page 8 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Typical Operating Characteristics Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 8: Bias Supply Current vs. Bias Supply Voltage 70 80 75 Bias Supply Current (µA) Bias Supply Current (µA) TAMB = 25°C 65 60 55 no load Iout = 700mA Iout = 1A No load 70 65 60 55 50 - 40°C 45 + 25°C + 90°C 50 40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 2.5 Bias Supply Voltage (V) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 Bias Supply Voltage (V) Bias Supply Current vs. Bias Supply Voltage: VIN = 1.2V, EN = VBIAS, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF Figure 9: GND Current vs. Bias Supply Voltage GND Current vs. Bias Supply Voltage: VIN = 1.2V, EN = VBIAS, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF 95 90 Ground Current (µA) 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 -40°C, no load -40°C, Iout = 1A +25°C, no load +25°C, Iout = 1A +85°C, no load +85°C, Iout = 1A 40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 Bias Supply Voltage (V) ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 9 Document Feedback AS1376 − Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 10: GND Current vs. Load Current GND Current vs. Load Current: VIN = 1.2V, EN = VBIAS, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF 85 Ground Current (µA) 80 75 70 65 -40°C +25°C 60 +90°C 55 50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Load Current (mA) Figure 11: PSRR vs. Frequency PSRR vs. Frequency: PSRRVIN (EN = VBIAS = 2.5V, VOUT = 1.0V, no CIN, COUT = CBIAS = 1uF, RLOAD = 100Ω); PSRRVBIAS (EN = VIN = 1.2V, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, no CBIAS, RLOAD = 100Ω) -40 -50 PSRR (dB) -60 IOUT = 10mA -70 -80 PSRR VBIAS; VBIAS = 3.5VDC + 500mVpk -90 PSRR VIN; VIN = 1.5VDC + 300mVpk -100 100 1000 10000 100000 Frequency (Hz) Page 10 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Typical Operating Characteristics 1.005 1.005 1.004 1.004 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) Figure 12: Line Regulation 1.003 1.002 1.001 1.003 1.002 1.001 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 1 2.5 2.75 Input Voltage (V) 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 Bias Supply Voltage (V) Line Regulation: LNRVIN (EN = VBIAS = 2.5V, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF, IOUT = 100uA); LNRVBIAS (EN = VBIAS, VIN = 1.2V, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF, IOUT = 100uA) Figure 13: Load Regulation Load Regulation: EN = VBIAS = 2.5V, VIN = 1.2V, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF 1.005 Output Voltage (V) 1.004 1.003 1.002 1.001 1 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Output Current (mA) ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 11 Document Feedback AS1376 − Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 14: Output Voltage vs. Temperature Output Voltage vs. Temperature: EN = VBIAS = 2.5V, VIN = 1.2V, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF, IOUT = 1mA 1.01 Output Voltage (V) IOUT = 1mA 1.005 1 0.995 0.99 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 60 80 Temperature (°C) Figure 15: Dropout VIN vs. Temperature Dropout VIN vs. Temperature: EN = VBIAS = 2.5V, VIN = 1.2V, VOUT = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF, IOUT = 1A 200 IOUT = 1A Dropout VIN (mV) 175 150 125 100 75 50 -40 -20 0 20 40 Temperature (°C) Page 12 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 16: Enable Start-Up Enable Start-Up: EN = VBIAS = 2.5V, VIN = 1.2V, settling to 95% of VOUT (950mV), CIN = COUT = 1uF, CBIAS = 4.7uF, no load 500mV/Div EN 500mV/Div VOUT 50us/Div ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 13 Document Feedback AS1376 − Detailed Description Detailed Description The AS1376 is a low-dropout, low-quiescent-current linear regulator intended for LDO regulator applications where output current load requirements range from no load to 1A. All devices come with fixed output voltage from 0.5V to 3.3V. Shutdown current for the whole regulator is typically 20nA. The device has integrated short-circuit and over current protection. Under-Voltage lockout prevents erratic operation when the input voltage is slowly decaying (e.g. in a battery powered application). Thermal Protection shuts down the device when die temperature reaches 150°C. This is a useful protection when the device is under sustained short circuit conditions. As illustrated in the block diagram on page 3, the devices comprise voltage reference, error amplifier, N-channel MOSFET pass transistor, internal voltage divider, current limiter, thermal sensor and shutdown logic. The bandgap reference is connected to the inverting input of the error amplifier. The error amplifier compares this reference with the feedback voltage and amplifies the difference. If the feedback voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the N-channel MOSFET gate is pulled higher, allowing more current to pass to the output, and increases the output voltage. If the feedback voltage is too high, the pass-transistor gate is pulled down, allowing less current to pass to the output. When the adjustable output variant is selected, an external resistor voltage divider is connected to FB pin and a sample of the output is compared to the 500mV reference. When a fixed output variant is chosen, FB must be connected to the Output pin. Depending upon the variant chosen, the internal reference is trimmed to the final output voltage. Advantage of Dual Supply Architecture vs. Traditional Single Supply Approach Compared to the traditional single supply approach, employing a P-channel series pass MOSFET, the dual rail architecture ensures improved performances in a LDO when operating at very low input voltages below the threshold of the internal series power N-channel MOSFET. The extra supply voltage at pin VBIAS (V BIAS > V IN) ensures that the N-channel MOSFET always operates above its threshold voltage. Page 14 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Detailed Description Figure 17: Single vs. Dual Supply Single Supply Dual Supply VIN Bandgap Core blocks VIN VBIAS Bandgap PMOS Error amplifier VO UT Core blocks NMO S Error amplifier VO UT Single vs. Dual Supply: This figure shows simplified block diagrams of single supply P-channel LDO and dual rail N-channel series pass architectures. The P-channel LDO uses a PMOS output transistor connected in a common source configuration. During regulation, the PMOS gate-source voltage moves between VIN and GND as the load demands. The dual supply approach is based on a NMOS output transistor in common drain configuration where the source is connected to the regulated output. During regulation, the NMOS gate source voltage increases from VOUT to VBIAS as the load demands. As the drain voltage is not shared with the remaining blocks of the circuit, its value can be chosen independently. The NMOS source follower design allows improved efficiency and dropout at low input voltages and provides faster load transient response. Dropout Voltage Dropout is the input to output voltage difference, below which the linear regulator ceases to regulate. At this point, the output voltage change follows the input voltage change. Dropout voltage may be measured at different currents and, in particular at the regulator maximum one. From this is obtained the MOSFET maximum series resistance over temperature. (EQ1) V DROPOUT = I LOAD * RSERIES Dropout is probably the most important specification when the regulator is used in a battery application. The dropout performance of the regulator defines the useful “end of life” of the battery before replacement or re-charge is required. ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 15 Document Feedback AS1376 − Detailed Description Figure 18: Graphical Representation of Dropout Voltage Dropout Voltage: This figure shows the variation of VOUT as VIN is varied for a certain load current. The practical value of dropout is the differential voltage (VOUT - VIN) measured at the point where the LDO output voltage has fallen by 100mV below the nominal, fully regulated output value. The nominal regulated output voltage of the LDO is that obtained when there is 500mV (or greater) input-output voltage differential. VOUT VIN VIN ≥ V OUT + 0.5V Dropout Voltage VOUT 100mV VIN VOUT VIN Auto-Discharge AS1376 features an auto-discharge function that discharges the load capacitance through a 100Ω (typ) path to ground when the device is placed in shutdown. This helps to minimizes the possibility that VOUT> VIN during shutdown caused by differing capacitance discharge rates at VIN and VOUT terminals. When VOUT> VIN, reverse current flows through the inherent body diode of the NMOS series pass transistor. This current should be limited to 50mA or less. If this is not possible, then an external Schottky diode should be connected between VOUT (anode) and VIN (cathode) to bypass the discharge current around the AS1376. Efficiency Low quiescent current and low input-output voltage differential are important in battery applications amongst others, as the regulator efficiency is directly related to quiescent current and dropout voltage. (EQ2) V LOAD × I LOAD Efficiency = ----------------------------------------------- x 100% V IN ⋅ ( I Q + I LOAD ) IQ… Quiescent current of LDO measured at VBIAS Page 16 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Detailed Description Power Dissipation Maximum power dissipation (PD) of the LDO is the sum of the power dissipated by the internal series MOSFET and the quiescent current required to bias the internal voltage reference and the internal error amplifier. (EQ3) PD (MAX)(Seriespass) = I LOAD(MAX) * (V IN(MAX) - V OUT(MIN)) Internal power dissipation as a result of the bias current for the internal voltage reference and the error amplifier is calculated as: (EQ4) PD (MAX)(Bias) = V IN(MAX) * I Q Total LDO power dissipation is calculated as: (EQ5) PD (MAX)(TOTAL) = PD (MAX)(Seriespass) + PD (MAX)(Bias) Junction Temperature Under all operating conditions, the maximum junction temperature should not exceed 125ºC (unless the data sheet specifically allows). Limiting the maximum junction temperature requires knowledge of the heat path from junction to case (θ JCºC/W fixed by the IC manufacturer), and adjustment of the case to ambient heat path (θCAºC/W) by manipulation of the PCB copper area adjacent to the IC position. Figure 19: Steady State Heat Flow Equivalent Circuit Junction TJ Package TC RθJ C PCB TS RθCS Ambient TA RθS A RθJ A Total Thermal Path Resistance (EQ6) Rθ JA = Rθ JC + Rθ CS + Rθ SA Junction Temperature (TJºC) is determined by: (EQ7) ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 TJ = (PD (MAX) * Rθ JA) + TAMB Page 17 Document Feedback AS1376 − Detailed Description Explanation of Steady State Specifications Line Regulation Line regulation is defined as the change in output voltage when the input voltage is changed by a known quantity. It is a measure of the regulator’s ability to maintain a constant output voltage when the input voltage changes. Line regulation is a measure of the DC open loop gain of the error amplifier. (EQ8) ΔV OUT LNR = -----------------ΔV IN In practice, line regulation is referred to the regulator output voltage in terms of %/VOUT. This is particularly useful when the same regulator is available with numerous output voltage trim options. (EQ9) ΔV OUT 100 LNR = ------------------ * -------------- % ΔV IN V OUT Load Regulation Load regulation is defined as the change of the output voltage when the load current is changed by a known quantity. It is a measure of the regulator’s ability to maintain a constant output voltage when the load changes. Load regulation is a measure of the DC closed loop output resistance of the regulator. (EQ10) ΔV OUT LDR = -----------------ΔI OUT In practice, load regulation is referred to the regulator output voltage in terms of %/mA. This is particularly useful when the same regulator is available with numerous output voltage trim options. (EQ11) ΔV OUT 100 LDR = ------------------ * -------------- % ΔI OUT V OUT Output Voltage Setting For the adjustable Output Voltage version the final output voltage can be calculated by the ratio of R UP and RDN, the internal reference voltage (= FB voltage) and the input offset voltage of the error amplifier. (EQ12) R UP V OUT = ( V FB ) × 1 + ----------- – R UP × 0.45μA R DN Total Accuracy Away from dropout, total steady state accuracy is the sum of setting accuracy, load regulation and line regulation. (EQ13) Page 18 Document Feedback AccuracyTotal = Accuracy Setting + LDR + LNR ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Detailed Description Explanation of Dynamic Specifications Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) Known also as Ripple Rejection, this specification measures the ability of the regulator to reject noise and ripple beyond DC. PSRR is a summation of the individual rejections of the error amplifier, reference and AC leakage through the series pass transistor. The specification, in the form of a typical attenuation plot with respect to frequency, shows up the gain bandwidth compromises forced upon the designer in low quiescent current conditions. (EQ14) δV OUT PSRR = 20 log ----------------δV IN Power supply rejection ratio is fixed by the internal design of the regulator. Additional rejection must be provided externally. Output Capacitor ESR The series regulator is a negative feedback amplifier, and as such is conditionally stable. The ESR of the output capacitor is usually used to cancel one of the open loop poles of the error amplifier in order to produce a single pole response. Excessive ESR values may actually cause instability by excessive changes to the closed loop unity gain frequency crossover point. The range of ESR values for stability is usually shown either by a plot of stable ESR versus load current, or a limit statement in the datasheet. Some ceramic capacitors exhibit large capacitance and ESR variations with temperature and DC bias. Z5U and Y5V capacitors may be required to ensure stability at temperatures below TAMB= -10ºC. With X7R or X5R capacitors, a 1μF capacitor should be sufficient at all operating temperatures. Larger output capacitor values (10μF max) help to reduce noise and improve load transient-response, stability and power-supply rejection. Input Capacitor If the AS1376 is used stand alone, an input capacitor at VIN is required for stability. It is recommended to connect a 1μF capacitor between the AS1376 power supply input pin VIN and GND (capacitance value may be increased without limit). This capacitor must be located as close as possible to the VIN pin and returned to a clean analog ground. A X5R or X7R type or better may be used at the input. A capacitor at VBIAS is not required if the distance to the supply does not exceed 5cm. ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 19 Document Feedback AS1376 − Detailed Description Noise The regulator output is a DC voltage with noise superimposed on the output. The noise comes from three sources; the reference, the error amplifier input stage, and the output voltage setting resistors. Noise is a random fluctuation and if not minimized in some applications, will produce system problems. Transient Response The series regulator is a negative feedback system, and therefore any change at the output will take a finite time to be corrected by the error loop. This “propagation time” is related to the bandwidth of the error loop. The initial response to an output transient comes from the output capacitance, and during this time, ESR is the dominant mechanism causing voltage transients at the output. (EQ15) δV TRANSIENT = δI OUTPUT × R ESR Thus an initial +50mA change of output current will produce a -12mV transient when the ESR=240mΩ. Remember to keep the ESR within stability recommendations when reducing ESR by adding multiple parallel output capacitors. After the initial ESR transient, there follows a voltage droop during the time that the LDO feedback loop takes to respond to the output change. This drift is approx. linear in time and sums with the ESR contribution to make a total transient variation at the output. (EQ16) T δV TRANSIENT = δI OUTPUT × R ESR + ------------------ C LOAD CLOAD… Output Capacitor T … Propagation Delay of the LDO This shows why it is convenient to increase the output capacitor value for a better support for fast load changes. Of course the formula holds for t < “propagation time”, so that a faster LDO needs a smaller cap at the load to achieve a similar transient response. For instance 50mA load current step produces 50mV output drop if the LDO response is 1usec and the load cap is 1μF. There is also a steady state error caused by the finite output impedance of the regulator. This is derived from the load regulation specification discussed above. Exit from Shutdown Delay This specification defines the time taken for the LDO to awake from shutdown. The time is measured from the release of the enable pin to the time that the output voltage is within 5% of the final value. It assumes that the voltage at VIN is stable and within the regulator min and max limits. Shutdown reduces the quiescent current to very low, mostly leakage values (<1μA). Page 20 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Detailed Description Thermal Protection To prevent operation under extreme fault conditions, such as a permanent short circuit at the output, thermal protection is built into the device. Die temperature is measured, and when a 150ºC threshold is reached, the device enters shutdown. When the die cools sufficiently, the device will restart (assuming input voltage exists and the device is enabled). Hysteresis of 25ºC prevents low frequency oscillation between start-up and shutdown around the temperature threshold. Power Supply Sequencing The AS1376 requires two different supply voltages active at the same time for correct operation. • V IN: Input Supply Voltage • V BIAS: Bias Supply Voltage It's important that VIN does not exceed VBIAS at any time. If the device is used in the typical post regulation application as shown in Figure 20, the sequencing of the two power supplies is not an issue as VBIAS supplies both, the DC-DC regulator and the AS1376. The output voltage of the DC-DC regulator will take some time to rise up and supply VIN of AS1376. In this application VIN will always ramp up more slowly than VBIAS. In case VIN is shorted to VBIAS, the voltages at the two supply pins will ramp up simultaneously causing no problem. Only in applications with two independent supplies connected to the AS1376 special care must be taken to guarantee that VIN is always ≤ V BIAS. Auto Discharge When the AS1376 is placed in shutdown, a 100Ω path to ground is connected at the output. This path speeds up the discharge of the capacitor(s) connected to the regulator output. Assuming that VIN remains constant and always >VOUT, output discharge time is calculated as follows: (EQ17) V ( t ) = V REG × e t – -------RC t… specified time after regulator shutdown (sec) VREG… Regulated Output Voltage (initial condition) R … 100Ω(typ) discharge resistor C … Output Capacitor (F) ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 21 Document Feedback AS1376 − Application Information Application Information Figure 20: Typical Application Diagram VBIAS Bias Supply 2.5V to 5.5V VIN CB IA S 4.7uF LX ON VIN VO UT EN COUT 1uF FB AS1376B CIN 1uF DC/DC EN 1.3V 1.1V, 1A VO UT (AS1376 only) GND GND OFF Typical Application: This figure shows the typical application of the AS1376B for the 6-pin WL-CSP. The FB pin and the dotted line would be valid only for the AS1376 TDFN version Page 22 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Package Drawings & Markings Package Drawings & Markings Figure 21: MLPD-8 2x2 0.5mm Pitch Package Drawing RoHS Green Note(s) and/or Footnote(s): 1. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5M-1994. 2. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees. 3. Coplanarity applies to the exposed heat slug as well as the terminal. 4. Radius on terminal is optional. 5. N is the total number of terminals. ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 23 Document Feedback AS1376 − Package Drawings & Mark ings Figure 22: WL-CSP-6 0.4mm Pitch Package Drawing Top Through View Bottom View (Ball Side) RoHS Green Note(s) and/or Footnote(s): 1. Pin 1 = A1 2. ccc Coplanarity 3. All dimensions are in μm. Page 24 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Package Drawings & Markings Figure 23: TDFN and WL-CSP Marking TDFN package WL-CSP XXX ZZZ XXXX ZZ AS1376 Marking: Shows the package marking of the TDFN and the WL-CSP product version Figure 24: Package Code XXX ZZZ XXXX ZZ Tracecode for TDFN Marking Code for TDFN Tracecode for WL-CSP Marking Code for WL-CSP Package Codes: Shows the package codes of the TDFN and the WL-CSP product version PCB Pad Layout Figure 25: PCB Layout Recommendation for the 6-Balls WL-CSP Option VIN VOUT A1 VOUT VBIAS A2 OUT VIN COUT 1uF 0805 2.0mm x 1.2mm B1 GND B2 VBIAS CIN C2 EN 1uF 0805 2.0mm x 1.2mm C1 GND CBIAS 4.7uF 0805 2.0mm x 1.2mm EN GND WL-CSP Layout Guidelines: This figure shows the recommended layout and placement of the external components for the AS1376B version. Red lines are connections on TOP layer. Grey lines are GND connections on ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 25 Document Feedback AS1376 − Package Drawings & Mark ings TOP layer. Figure 26: PCB Layout Recommendation for the 8-Pins TDFN Package Option VOUT GND COUT 1uF 0805 2.0mm x 1.2mm CIN 1uF 0805 2.0mm x 1.2mm 1 VIN 2 8 AS1376 7 TDFN 8-pin 2x2mm 3 VBIAS Exposed pad: GND 4 9 FB 6 5 EN CBIAS 4.7uF 0805 2.0mm x 1.2mm GND TDFN Layout Guidelines: This figure shows the recommended layout and placement of the external components for the AS1376 version for fixed trimmed output voltages. Red lines are connections on TOP layer. Grey lines are GND connections on TOP layer. Page 26 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Ordering & Contact Information Ordering & Contact Information Figure 27: Ordering Information Ordering Code Package Marking Output Delivery Form Delivery Quantity AS1376-BTDT-AD (1) 8-pin 2x2mm TDFN ABL Adj. T&R 1000 pcs/reel AS1376-BTDT-12 8-pin 2x2mm TDFN ABT 1.2V T&R 1000 pcs/reel AS1376B-BWLT-11 6-balls WL-CSP D3 1.1V T&R 12000 pcs/reel AS1376B-BWLM-11 6-balls WL-CSP D3 1.1V T&R 1000 pcs/reel Ordering Information: Specifies the available variants of AS1376 Note(s) and/or Footnote(s): 1. Available on request Buy our products or get free samples online at: www.ams.com/ICdirect Technical Support is available at: www.ams.com/Technical-Support Provide feedback about this document at: www.ams.com/Document-Feedback For further information and requests, e-mail us at: [email protected] For sales offices, distributors and representatives, please visit: www.ams.com/contact Headquarters ams AG Tobelbaderstrasse 30 8141 Unterpremstaetten Austria, Europe Tel: +43 (0) 3136 500 0 Website: www.ams.com ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 27 Document Feedback AS1376 − RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement RoHS: The term RoHS compliant means that ams AG products fully comply with current RoHS directives. Our semiconductor products do not contain any chemicals for all 6 substance categories, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, RoHS compliant products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. ams Green (RoHS compliant and no Sb/Br): ams Green defines that in addition to RoHS compliance, our products are free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material). Important Information: The information provided in this statement represents ams AG knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. ams AG bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. ams AG has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. ams AG and ams AG suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. Page 28 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Copyrights & Disclaimer Copyrights & Disclaimer Copyright ams AG, Tobelbader Strasse 30, 8141 Unterpremstaetten, Austria-Europe. Trademarks Registered. All rights reserved. The material herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. Devices sold by ams AG are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its General Terms of Trade. ams AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein. ams AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with ams AG for current information. This product is intended for use in commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by ams AG for each application. This product is provided by ams AG “AS IS” and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. ams AG shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of ams AG rendering of technical or other services. ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 29 Document Feedback AS1376 − Document Status Document Status Document Status Product Preview Preliminary Datasheet Datasheet Datasheet (discontinued) Page 30 Document Feedback Product Status Definition Pre-Development Information in this datasheet is based on product ideas in the planning phase of development. All specifications are design goals without any warranty and are subject to change without notice Pre-Production Information in this datasheet is based on products in the design, validation or qualification phase of development. The performance and parameters shown in this document are preliminary without any warranty and are subject to change without notice Production Information in this datasheet is based on products in ramp-up to full production or full production which conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of Trade Discontinued Information in this datasheet is based on products which conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of Trade, but these products have been superseded and should not be used for new designs ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 AS1376 − Revision Information Revision Information Changes from 1.02 (2010-Nov) to current revision 2-04 (2015-Aug-16) Page 1.02 (2010-Nov) to 1.3 (2011-Oct) Updated Absolute Maximum Ratings 3 Updated Electrical Characteristics 4 Updated Block Diagram 9 Updated Application Information 11 1.3 (2011-Oct) to 1.4 (2011-Dec) Updated Power Dissipation 12 1.4 (2011-Dec) to 2-00 (2014-Nov) Update to new datasheet design New package option inserted 2-00 (2014-Nov) to 2-01 (2014-Nov) Updated Ordering Information 27 2-01 (2014-Nov) to 2-02 (2014-Nov-03) Added PCB Layout 24 2-02 (2014-Nov-03) to 2-03 (2015-May-11) Updated WL-CSP package drawing 24 2-03 (2015-May-11) to 2-04 (2015-Aug-16) Content was updated to the latest ams design Updated Absolute Maximum Ratings 5 Note(s) and/or Footnote(s): 1. Page and figure numbers for the previous version may differ from page and figure numbers in the current revision. 2. Correction of typographical errors is not explicitly mentioned. ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16 Page 31 Document Feedback AS1376 − Content Guide Content Guide Page 32 Document Feedback 1 2 2 3 General Description Key Benefits & Features Applications Block Diagram 4 5 7 9 Pin Assignments Absolute Maximum Ratings Electrical Characteristics Typical Operating Characteristics 14 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 Detailed Description Advantage of Dual Supply Architecture vs. Traditional Single Supply Approach Dropout Voltage Auto-Discharge Efficiency Power Dissipation Junction Temperature Total Thermal Path Resistance Explanation of Steady State Specifications Line Regulation Load Regulation Output Voltage Setting Total Accuracy Explanation of Dynamic Specifications Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) Output Capacitor ESR Input Capacitor Noise Transient Response Exit from Shutdown Delay Thermal Protection Power Supply Sequencing Auto Discharge 23 Application Information 24 26 Package Drawings & Markings PCB Pad Layout 28 29 30 31 32 Ordering & Contact Information RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement Copyrights & Disclaimer Document Status Revision Information ams Datasheet [v2-04] 2015-Aug-16