AN-PS0071-EVAL-QR0665G-28W16V

Application Note, V1.1, 1 March 2013
A pp l i c at i o n N ot e
AN- EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
28W 16V E val uation Board with Quasi Resonant CoolSET® ICE2QR0665G
Power Management & Supply
N e v e r
s t o p
t h i n k i n g .
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2012 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
Legal Disclaimer
The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of
conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical
values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device,
Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind,
including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights
of any third party.
Information
For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please
contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).
Warnings
Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information
on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office.
Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with
the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can
reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect
the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are
intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain
and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user
or other persons may be endangered.
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
Title
Revision History:
1 March 2013
Previous Version:
V1.0
Page
10, 12
V1.1
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
Revise typo in circuit code R11
®
28W16V Evaluation Board with Quasi-Resonant CooLSET ICE2QR0665G
License to Infineon Technologies Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
AN-PS0071
Kok Siu Kam Eric
[email protected]
Wong Siew Teng Winson
[email protected]
We Listen to Your Comments
Any information within this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing at all?
Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document.
Please send your proposal (including a reference to this document) to:
[email protected]
Application Note
4
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
Content ............................................................................................................... 6
Evaluation Board ............................................................................................... 6
List of Features .................................................................................................. 6
Technical Specifications ................................................................................... 7
Circuit Description............................................................................................. 7
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Mains Input and Rectification..................................................................................................7
Integrated MOSFET and PWM Control ....................................................................................7
Output Stage ............................................................................................................................7
Feedback Loop.........................................................................................................................7
6
Circuit Operation ............................................................................................... 7
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Startup Operation.....................................................................................................................7
Normal Mode Operation...........................................................................................................8
Primary side peak current control...........................................................................................8
Digital Frequency Reduction ...................................................................................................8
Burst Mode Operation..............................................................................................................8
7
Protection Features ........................................................................................... 8
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Vcc under voltage and over voltage protection......................................................................8
Foldback point protection........................................................................................................8
Open loop/over load protection...............................................................................................9
Adjustable output overvoltage protection ..............................................................................9
Short winding protection .........................................................................................................9
Auto restart for over temperature protection..........................................................................9
8
Circuit diagram ................................................................................................ 10
8.1
8.2
PCB Top overlayer .................................................................................................................11
PCB Bottom Layer .................................................................................................................11
9
10
11
Component List ............................................................................................... 12
Transformer Construction .............................................................................. 13
Test Results ..................................................................................................... 14
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
Efficiency and standby performance ....................................................................................14
ESD Test.................................................................................................................................16
Lightning Surge Test .............................................................................................................16
EMI performance....................................................................................................................16
115Vac Line & Neutral .............................................................................................................16
230Vac Line & Neutral .............................................................................................................17
12
Waveform and scope plots ............................................................................. 18
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
Startup @85Vac and 28W load ..............................................................................................18
Working at different zero crossing point ..............................................................................18
Burst mode operation ............................................................................................................19
Protection modes...................................................................................................................19
13
References ....................................................................................................... 20
Application Note
5
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
1
Content
This application note is a description of 28W switching mode power supply evaluation board designed in a
®
quasi resonant flyback converter topology using ICE2QR0665G Quasi-resonant CoolSET . The target
application of ICE2QR0665G is for set-top box, portable game controller, DVD player, netbook adapter and
®
auxiliary power supply for LCD TV, etc. With the CoolMOS integrated in this IC, it greatly simplifies the
design and layout of the PCB. Due to valley switching, the turn on voltage is reduced and this offers higher
conversion efficiency comparing to fixed frequency hard-switching flyback converter. With the DCM mode
control, the reverse recovery problem of secondary rectify diode is relieved. And for its natural frequency
jittering with line voltage, the EMI performance is better. Infineon’s digital frequency reduction technology
enables a quasi-resonant operation till very low load. As a result, the system efficiency over the entire load
range is significantly improved compared to conventional free running quasi resonant converter which
implements with only maximum switching frequency limitation at light load. In addition, numerous adjustable
protection functions have been implemented in ICE2QR0665G to protect the system and customize the IC
for the chosen application. In case of failure modes, like open control-loop/over load, output overvoltage, and
transformer short winding, the device switches into Auto Restart Mode or Latch-off Mode. By means of the
cycle-by-cycle peak current limitation plus foldback point correction, the dimension of the transformer and
current rating of the secondary diode can both be optimized. Thus, a cost effective solution can be easily
achieved.
2
Evaluation Board
Figure 1-EVALQR-28W-ICE2QR0665G
3
List of Features
®
650V avalanche rugged CoolMOS with built in depletion startup cell
Quasi-resonant operation
Digital frequency reduction with decreasing load
Cycle-by-cycle peak current limitation with foldback point correction
Built-in digital soft-start
Direct current sensing with internal Leading Edge Blanking Time
VCC under voltage protection: IC stop operation, recover with softstart
VCC over voltage protection: IC stop operation, recover with softstart
Openloop/Overload protection: Auto Restart
Output overvoltage protection: Latch-off with adjustable threshold
Short-winding protection: Latch-off
Over temperature protection: Autorestart
Application Note
6
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
4
Technical Specifications
Input voltage
Input frequency
Output voltage and current
Output power
Average Efficiency
Standby power
Minimum switching frequency at full load,
minimum input voltage
5
85Vac~265Vac
50Hz, 60Hz
16V 1.75A
28W
>85% at full load
<100mW@no load
65kHz
Circuit Description
5.1
Mains Input and Rectification
The AC line input side comprises the input fuse F1 as over current protection. The X2 Capacitors C1, C2 and
Choke L1 form a main filter to minimize the feedback of RFI into the main supply. After the bridge rectifier
BR1, together with a smoothing capacitor C3, provide a voltage of 70VDC to 380 VDC depending on mains
input voltage.
5.2
Integrated MOSFET and PWM Control
ICE2QR0665G is comprised of a power MOSFET and the quasi-resonant controller; this integrated solution
greatly simplifies the circuit layout and reduces the cost of PCB manufacturing. The PWM switch-on is
determined by the zero-crossing input signal and the value of the up/down counter. The PWM switch-off is
determined by the feedback signal VFB and the current sensing signal VCS. ICE2QR0665G also performs all
necessary protection functions in flyback converters. Details about the information mentioned above are
illustrated in the product datasheet.
5.3
Output Stage
On the secondary side, 16V output, the power is coupled out via a schottky diode D3. The capacitors C11,
C16 provides energy buffering followed by the L-C filters L2 and C12 to reduce the output ripple and prevent
interference between SMPS switching frequency and line frequency considerably. Storage capacitors C11,
C16 are designed to have an internal resistance (ESR) as small as possible. This is to minimize the output
voltage ripple caused by the triangular current.
5.4
Feedback Loop
For feedback, the output is sensed by the voltage divider of R10, R11 and R12 and compared to TL431
internal reference voltage. C14, C15 and R8 comprise the compensation network. The output voltage of
TL431 is converted to the current signal via optocoupler IC2 and two resistors R6 and R7 for regulation
control.
6
Circuit Operation
6.1
Startup Operation
Since there is a built-in startup cell in the ICE2QR0665G, there is no need for external start up resistor,
which can improve standby performance significantly.
When VCC reaches the turn on voltage threshold 18V, the IC begins with a soft start. The soft-start
implemented in ICE2QR0665G is a digital time-based function. The preset soft-start time is 12ms with 4
steps. If not limited by other functions, the peak voltage on CS pin will increase step by step from 0.32V to
1V finally. After IC turns on, the Vcc voltage is supplied by auxiliary windings of the transformer.
Application Note
7
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
6.2
Normal Mode Operation
The secondary output voltage is built up after startup. The secondary regulation control is adopted with
TL431 and optocoupler. The compensation network C14, C15 and R8 constitute the external circuitry of the
error amplifier of TL431. This circuitry allows the feedback to be precisely controlled with respect to
dynamically varying load conditions, therefore providing stable control.
6.3
Primary side peak current control
The MOSFET drain source current is sensed via external resistor R5 and R5A. Since ICE2QR0665G is a
current mode controller, it would have a cycle-by-cycle primary current and feedback voltage control which
can make sure the maximum power of the converter is controlled in every switching cycle.
6.4
Digital Frequency Reduction
During normal operation, the switching frequency for ICE2QR0665G is digitally reduced with decreasing load.
At light load, the MOSFET will be turned on not at the first minimum drain-source voltage time, but on the nth.
The counter is in range of 1 to 7, which depends on feedback voltage in a time-base. The feedback voltage
decreases when the output power requirement decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, the counter is set by
monitoring voltage VFB. The counter will be increased with low VFB and decreased with high VFB. The
thresholds are preset inside the IC.
6.5
Burst Mode Operation
At light load condition, the SMPS enters into Active Burst Mode. At this stage, the controller is always active
but the Vcc must be kept above the switch off threshold. During active burst mode, the efficiency increase
significantly and at the same time it supports low ripple on Vout and fast response on load jump.
For determination of entering Active Burst Mode operation, three conditions apply:
1. the feedback voltage is lower than the threshold of VFBEB (1.25V). Accordingly, the peak current sense
voltage across the shunt resistor is 0.17;
2. the up/down counter is 7;
3. and a certain blanking time, 24ms (tBEB).
Once all of these conditions are fulfilled, the Active Burst Mode flip-flop is set and the controller enters Active
Burst Mode operation. This multi-condition determination for entering Active Burst Mode operation prevents
mis-triggering of entering Active Burst Mode operation, so that the controller enters Active Burst Mode
operation only when the output power is really low during the preset blanking time.
During active burst mode, the maximum current sense voltage is reduced from 1V to 0.34V so as to reduce
the conduction loss and the audible noise. At the burst mode, the FB voltage is changing like a sawtooth
between 3.0 and 3.6V. The switching frequency is set to a fix frequency of 52kHz.
The feedback voltage immediately increases if there is a high load jump. This is observed by one comparator.
As the current limit is 34% during Active Burst Mode a certain load is needed so that feedback voltage can
exceed VFBLB (4.5V). After leaving active burst mode, maximum current can now be provided to stabilize V O.
In addition, the up/down counter will be set to 1 immediately after leaving Active Burst Mode. This is helpful
to decrease the output voltage undershoot
7
Protection Features
7.1
Vcc under voltage and over voltage protection
During normal operation, the VCC voltage is continuously monitored. When the Vcc voltage falls below the
under voltage lock out level (VVCCoff) or the Vcc voltage increases up to VCCOVP, the IC will enter into auto
restart mode.
7.2
Foldback point protection
Application Note
8
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
For a quasi-resonant flyback converter, the maximum possible output power is increased when a constant
current limit value is used for all the mains input voltage range. This is usually not desired as this will
increase additional cost on transformer and output diode in case of output over power conditions.
The internal fold back protection is implemented to adjust the VCS voltage limit according to the bus voltage.
Here, the input line voltage is sensed using the current flowing out of ZC pin during the MOSFET on-time. As
the result, the maximum current limit will be lower at high input voltage and the maximum output power can
be well limited versus the input voltage.
7.3
Open loop/over load protection
In case of open control loop, feedback voltage is pulled up with internally block. After a fixed blanking time
30ms, the IC enters into auto restart mode. In case of secondary short-circuit or overload, regulation voltage
VFB will also be pulled up, same protection is applied and IC will auto restart.
7.4
Adjustable output overvoltage protection
During off-time of the power switch, the voltage at the zero-crossing pin ZC is monitored for output
overvoltage detection. If the voltage is higher than the preset threshold 3.7V for a preset period 100μs, the
IC is latched off.
7.5
Short winding protection
The source current of the MOSFET is sensed via two shunt resistors R5 and R5A in parallel. If the voltage at
the current sensing pin is higher than the preset threshold VCSSW of 1.68V during the on-time of the power
switch, the IC is latched off. This constitutes a short winding protection. To avoid an accidental latch off, a
spike blanking time of 190ns is integrated in the output of internal comparator.
7.6
Auto restart for over temperature protection
The IC has a built-in over temperature protection function. When the controller’s temperature reaches 130 °C,
the IC will shut down switch and enters into auto restart. This can protect power MOSFET from overheated.
Application Note
9
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
8
Circuit diagram
C5 2.2nF/250V,Y1
BR1
*SG 1
C3
68uF/400V
F1 1.6A
L
TR1
5
DF08M
85V - 265Vac
*VAR
N
C1
L1
2 x 39mH, 1.4A
0.22uF/275V
R1
150k/2W
C2
*L3
C11
+
3
1000uF/25V
D1
UF4005
2.5R
L2
1.5uH
MBR20H150CT
D3
6
C4
2.2nF/400V
NTC
0.1uF/275V
Lp=763uH
4
C16 +
C12 +
*C17
470uF/25V
1000uF/25V
8
COM
*SG 2
R5A
0.82R
R5
0.82R
R15
8.2k
C10
+ 33uF/35V
8
7
6
5
4
1
2
C6
47pF/1kV
CS
C8
100pF
ZC
R10
43k
D2
IC1
1
DRAIN
1N4148
ICE2QR0665G
GND FB
R14
47k
16V/1.75A
R3
0R
Vcc
R11
11k
R7
1.2K
11
2
12
4
3
C14
100pF
1
2
C15
100nF
R6
680R
C9
1nF
R8
22k
IC2 SFH617A-3
C7
0.1uF
IC3
TL431
ZD1
22V
R13
R12
10k
28W 16V SMPS Demoboard with ICE2QR0665G
Figure 2 – Schematics
Application Note
10
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
8.1
PCB Top overlayer
Figure 3 –Component Legend – View from topside
8.2
PCB Bottom Layer
Figure 4 Solder side copper – View from bottom side
Application Note
11
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
9
Component List
Items
Circuit Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
BR1
NTC
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C14
C15
C16
D1
D2
D3
F1
FB1
23
IC1
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
IC2
IC3
J1~J7
L1
L2
R1
R3
R5
R5A
R6
R7
R8
R10
R11
R12
R14
R15
TR1
ZD1
Part Type
1.5A/800V
2.5Ω S236
0.22μF/275Vac X2
0.1μF/275Vac X2
68μF/400V
2.2nF/400V
2.2nF/250V, Y1
33μF/35V
0.1μF
100pF
1nF
47pF/1000V
1000μF/25V
470μF/25V
100pF(0805)
100nF(0805)
1000μF/25V
UF4005
1N4148
20A/150V
1.6A Fuse
Ferrite Bead
ICE2QR0665G
(QR CoolSET; Rdson=0.65Ω,
DSO-16/12 package)
SFH617A-3
TL431
Jumper
2X39mH,1.4A
1.5μH
150kΩ/2W
0Ω, (SMD 0805)
0.82Ω(0.5W, 1%)
0.82Ω(0.5W, 1%)
680Ω(SMD 0805)
1.2kΩ(SMD 0805)
22kΩ(SMD 0805)
43kΩ,0.1% (1206)
11kΩ,1%(1206)
10kΩ( 1%)(1206)
47kΩ
8.2kΩ
534μH
22V
Part no.
Manufacturer
DF08M
B57236S0259M000
B32922C3224K000
B32922C3104K000
B43501A9686M000
B32529C8222K000
DE1E3KX222MA4BL01
B41851A7336M000
RPER71H104K2K1A03B
Vishay
Epcos
Epcos
Epcos
Epcos
Epcos
Murata
Epcos
Murata
RPER71H102K2K1A03B
Murata
UF4005
Vishay
MBR20H150CT
Vishay
ICE2QR0665G
Infineon
B82734R2142B030
Epcos
PC40EER28-Z
Table 1– Component List
Application Note
12
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
10
Transformer Construction
Core and material: PC40EER28-Z
Bobbin: Horizontal Version,BEER-28-1110CP
Primary Inductance, Lp=763μH, measured between pin 5 and pin 4 (Gapped to Inductance)
Air Gap in center leg
Figure 5 – Transformer structure
Figure 6 – Transformer complete – top view
Table 2 wire gauge used of the transformer windings
Application Note
13
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
11
Test Results
11.1
Efficiency and standby performance
Voltage
(Vac)
85
85
85
85
115
115
115
115
150
150
150
150
180
180
180
180
230
230
230
230
264
264
264
264
Input
Power
(W)
7.96
16.08
24.35
32.63
7.92
15.86
23.78
31.85
7.99
15.79
23.57
31.60
7.82
15.74
23.62
31.36
8.20
15.87
23.67
31.40
8.30
16.31
24.27
32.30
Output Voltage
(V)
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
16.24
Output
Current (A)
0.43
0.87
1.30
1.73
0.43
0.87
1.30
1.73
0.43
0.87
1.30
1.73
0.43
0.87
1.30
1.73
0.43
0.87
1.30
1.73
0.43
0.87
1.30
1.73
Output
Power (W)
7.03
14.07
21.10
28.14
7.03
14.07
21.10
28.14
7.03
14.07
21.10
28.14
7.03
14.07
21.10
28.14
7.03
14.07
21.10
28.14
7.03
14.07
21.10
28.14
Efficiency
(%)
88.36
87.48
86.66
86.23
88.81
88.7
88.73
88.34
88.03
89.09
89.52
89.04
89.94
89.37
89.33
89.72
85.77
88.64
89.15
89.6
84.74
86.25
86.94
87.11
Table 3 – Efficiency vs. Load
Application Note
14
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
Figure 7 – Efficiency vs. Output Load
Figure 8 Efficiency vs AC line voltage
Figure 9 Standby input power vs AC line voltage
Application Note
15
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
11.2
ESD Test
Pass* (EN61000-4-2): 20kV for contact discharge.
*Add L22 and C24
11.3
Lightning Surge Test
Pass* (EN61000-4-5) 3kV for line to earth
*Without adding any spark gap.
11.4
EMI performance
11.4.1
115Vac Line & Neutral
Figure 10 EMI plot for 115Vac Line
Figure 11 EMI plot for 115Vac Neutral
Application Note
16
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
11.4.2
230Vac Line & Neutral
Figure 12 EMI plot for 230Vac Line
Figure 13 EMI plot for 230Vac Neutral
Remarks:
One of the suggestions to improve the EMI performance on 230Vac low frequency is to increase the capacitance on the XCAP.
Application Note
17
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
12
Waveform and scope plots
All waveform and scope were recorded with LeCroy 44Xi oscilloscope.
12.1
Startup @85Vac and 28W load
Figure 14 Constant charging VCC during startup
Figure 15 Softstart of current in 4 steps
Ch1 Drain source voltage
Ch2 VCC supply voltage
Ch3 Feedback voltage
Ch4 Current sense voltage
Test condition: input 85Vac output 1.75A load
Startup time : 400ms
Ch1 Drain source voltage
Ch2 VCC supply voltage
Ch3 Zero crossing voltage
Ch4 Current sense voltage
Test condition: input 85Vac output 1.75A load
Soft-start time : 12.87ms
12.2
Working at different zero crossing point
Figure 16 Working at first ZC point
Figure 17 Working at 7th ZC point
Ch1 Drain source voltage
Ch2 VCC supply voltage
Ch3 Zero crossing voltage
Ch4 Current sense voltage
Test condition: input 85Vac, output 16V/1.75A
Ch1 Drain source voltage
Ch2 VCC supply voltage
Ch3 Zero crossing voltage
Ch4 Current sense voltage
Test condition: input 85Vac, output 16V/0.3A
Application Note
18
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
12.3
Burst mode operation
Figure 18 Entering burst mode
Figure 19 Leaving burst mode
Ch1 Drain source voltage
Ch2 Supply voltage VCC
Ch3 Current sense voltage
Ch4 Feedback voltage Vfb
Test condition: load jump from 1.75A to 0.1A at 230Vac
line
Ch1 Drain source voltage
Ch2 Supply voltage VCC
Ch3 Current sense voltage
Ch4 Feedback voltage Vfb
Test condition: load jump from 0A to 1.75A at 230Vac line
12.4
Protection modes
Figure 20 VCC Over-voltage Protection
Ch2 VCC Supply Voltage
Ch3 Feedback Voltage, VFB
Test Condition: open the zener clamping with
overload at high-line
Application Note
Figure 21 Over Load/ Open Loop Protection
Ch1 Output Voltage, Vo
Ch2 VCC Supply Voltage
Ch3 Feedback Voltage, VFB
Ch4 Zero Crossing Voltage. VZC
Test Condition: Load change from 1A to 5A
19
1 March 2013
EVAL-2QR0665G-28W
Figure 22 Output Over-voltage Protection
Ch1 Current Sense Voltage, VCS
Ch2 VCC Supply Voltage
Ch3 Feedback Voltage, VFB
Ch4 Zero Crossing Voltage. VZC
Test Condition: change the ZC resistor divider ratio,
Apply 230Vac, Load 1A
13
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
Figure 23 Output Short Circuit Protection
Ch1 Output Voltage, Vo
Ch2 VCC Supply Voltage
Ch3 Feedback Voltage, VFB
Ch4 Zero Crossing Voltage. VZC
Test Condition: Shorted output terminal
References
ICE2QR0665G datasheet, Infineon Technologies AG, 2011
ICE2Qxx65/80x Quasi Resonance CoolSET Design Guide (ANPS0053), Infineon Technologies AG,
2010
Design Tips for flyback converters using the Quasi-Resonant (ANPS0005), Infineon Technologies
AG, 2006
Converter Design Using the Quasi-Resonant PWM Controller ICE2QS01 (ANPS0003), Infineon
Technologies AG, 2006
Determine the Switching Frequency of Quasi-Resonant Flyback Converters Designed with
ICE2QS01 (ANPS0004), Infineon Technologies AG, 2006
Application Note
20
1 March 2013