ICE2QR0665 app note

Application Note, V1.2, 11 November 2011
A pp lic at i on N ot e
AN- EVALQRC-ICE2QR0665
40W 20V E valuation Board with Quasi Resonant CoolSET® ICE2QR0665
Power Management & Supply
N e v e r
s t o p
t h i n k i n g .
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2007 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
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conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical
values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device,
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including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights
of any third party.
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For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please
contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).
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on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office.
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Title
Revision History:
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13
11 November 2011
V1.2
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Subjects (major changes since last revision)
Bobbin name and core name
®
40W20V Evaluation Board with Quasi-Resonant CooLSET ICE2QR0665
License to Infineon Technologies Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
Wang Zan
[email protected]
Mao Mingping
[email protected]
He Yi
[email protected]
Jeoh Meng kiat
[email protected]
We Listen to Your Comments
Any information within this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing at all?
Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document.
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AN-PS0035
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
Table of Contents
1
Content ............................................................................................................... 5
2
Evaluation Board ............................................................................................... 5
3
List of Features .................................................................................................. 5
4
Technical Specifications ................................................................................... 6
5
Circuit Description............................................................................................. 6
5.1
Mains Input and Rectification .................................................................................................. 6
5.2
Integrated MOSFET and PWM Control .................................................................................... 6
5.3
Snubber Network ..................................................................................................................... 6
5.4
Output Stage ............................................................................................................................ 6
5.5
Feedback Loop......................................................................................................................... 6
6
Circuit Operation ............................................................................................... 6
6.1
Startup Operation..................................................................................................................... 6
6.2
Normal Mode Operation ........................................................................................................... 7
6.3
Primary side peak current control ........................................................................................... 7
6.4
Digital Frequency Reduction ................................................................................................... 7
6.5
Burst Mode Operation .............................................................................................................. 7
7
Protection Features ........................................................................................... 7
7.1
Vcc under voltage and over voltage protection ...................................................................... 8
7.2
Foldback point protection ....................................................................................................... 8
7.3
Open loop/over load protection............................................................................................... 8
7.4
Adjustable output overvoltage protection .............................................................................. 8
7.5
Short winding protection ......................................................................................................... 8
7.6
Auto restart for over temperature protection.......................................................................... 8
8
Circuit diagram .................................................................................................. 9
8.1
PCB Topover layer ................................................................................................................. 10
8.2
PCB Bottom Layer ................................................................................................................. 11
9
Component List ............................................................................................... 12
10
Transformer Construction .............................................................................. 13
11
Test Results ..................................................................................................... 13
11.1
Efficiency ................................................................................................................................ 13
11.2
EMI test results ...................................................................................................................... 15
12
References ....................................................................................................... 16
Application Note
4
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
1
Content
This application note is a description of 40W switching mode power supply evaluation board designed in a
quasi resonant flyback converter topology using ICE2QR0665 Quasi-resonant CoolSET®.The target
application of ICE2QR0665 are for set-top box, portable game controller, DVD player, netbook adapter and
auxiliary power supply for LCD TV, etc. With the CoolMOS® integrated in this IC, it greatly simplifies the
design and layout of the PCB. Due to valley switching, the turn on voltage is reduced and this offers higher
conversion efficiency comparing to hard-switching flyback converter. With the DCM mode control, the
reverse recovery problem of secondary rectify diode is relieved. And for its natural frequency jittering with
line voltage, the EMI performance is better. Infineon’s digital frequency reduction technology enables a
quasi-resonant operation till very low load. As a result, the system efficiency, over the entire load range, is
significantly improved compared to conventional free running quasi resonant converter implemented with
only maximum switching frequency limitation at light load. In addition, numerous adjustable protection
functions have been implemented in ICE2QR0665 to protect the system and customize the IC for the chosen
application. In case of failure modes, like open control-loop/over load, output overvoltage, and transformer
short winding, the device switches into Auto Restart Mode or Latch-off Mode. By means of the cycle-bycycle peak current limitation plus foldback point correction, the dimension of the transformer and current
rating of the secondary diode can both be optimized.Thus, a cost effective solution can be easily achieved.
2
Evaluation Board
Figure 1-EVALSQ-40W-ICE2QR0665
3
List of Features
Industry first IC in DIP8 package with 40W maximum output power
650V avalanche rugged CoolMOS® with built in depletion startup cell
Quasi-resonant operation
Digital frequency reduction with decreasing load
Cycle-by-cycle peak current limitation with foldback point correction
Built-in digital soft-start
Direct current sensing with internal Leading Edge Blanking Time
VCC under voltage protection: IC stop operation, recover with softstart
VCC over voltage protection: IC stop operation, recover with softstart
Openloop/Overload protection: Auto Restart
Output overvoltage protection: Latch-off with adjustable threshold
Short-winding protection: Latch-off
Over temperature protection: Autorestart
Application Note
5
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
4
Technical Specifications
Input voltage
Input frequency
Output voltage and current
Output power
Efficiency
Standby power
Minimum switching frequency at full load,
minimum input voltage
5
85Vac~265Vac
50Hz, 60Hz
20V 2A
40W
>86% at full load
<100mW@no load
40kHz
Circuit Description
5.1
Mains Input and Rectification
The AC line input side comprises the input fuse F1 as overcurrent protection. The X2 Capacitors C1, C2 and
Choke L1 form a main filter to minimize the feedback of RFI into the main supply. After the bridge rectifier
BR1, together with a smoothing capacitor C3, provide a voltage of 70VDC to 380 VDC depending on mains
input voltage. A 2.5 Ω NTC resistor is placed in series with input to limit the initial peak inrush current
whenever the power supply is switched on when C3 is fully discharged.
5.2
Integrated MOSFET and PWM Control
ICE2QR0665 is comprised of a power MOSFET and the quasi-resonant controller; this integrated solution
greatly simplifies the circuit layout and reduces the cost of PCB manufacturing. The PWM switch-on is
determined by the zero-crossing input signal and the value of the up/down counter. The PWM switch-off is
determined by the feedback signal VFB and the current sensing signal VCS. ICE2QR0665 also performs all
necessary protection functions in flyback converters. Details about the information mentioned above are
illustrated in the product datasheet.
5.3
Snubber Network
A snubber network R1, C4 and D1 dissipate the energy of the leakage inductance and suppress ringing on
the SMPS transformer. Due to the resonant capacitor C10 paralled to MOSFET drain souce pin, the
overshoot is relatively smaller than fixed frequency flyback converter. Thus the snubber resistor can be used
with a larger one which will reduce the snubber loss.
5.4
Output Stage
On the secondary side, 20V output, the power is coupled out via a dual schottky diode D3. The capacitors
C11 and C16 provide energy buffering followed by the L-C filters L2 and C12 to reduce the output ripple and
prevent interference between SMPS switching frequency and line frequency considerably. Storage
capacitors C11 and C16 are designed to have an internal resistance (ESR) as small as possible. This is to
minimize the output voltage ripple caused by the triangular current.
5.5
Feedback Loop
For feedback, the output is sensed by the voltage divider of R10, R11 and R12 and compared to TL431
internal reference voltage. C15, C14 and R8 comprise the compensation network. The output voltage of
TL431 is converted to the current signal via optocoupler IC2 and two resistors R6 and R7 for regulation
control.
6
Circuit Operation
6.1
Startup Operation
Application Note
6
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
Since there is a built-in startup cell in the ICE2QR0665, there is no need for external start up resistor, which
can improve standby performance significantly.
When VCC reaches the turn on voltage threshold 18V, the IC begins with a soft start. The soft-start
implemented in ICE2QR0665 is a digital time-based function. The preset soft-start time is 12ms with 4 steps.
If not limited by other functions, the peak voltageon CS pin will increase step by step from 0.32V to 1V finally.
After IC turns on, the Vcc voltage is supplied by auxiliary windings of the transformer.
6.2
Normal Mode Operation
The secondary output voltage is built up after startup. The secondary regulation control is adopted with
TL431 and optocoupler. The compensation network C14, C15 and R8 constitutes the external circuitry of the
error amplifier of TL431. This circuitry allows the feedback to be precisely controlled with respect to
dynamically varying load conditions, therefore providing stable control.
6.3
Primary side peak current control
The MOSFET drain source current is sensed via external resistor R5 and R5A. Since ICE2QR0665 is a
current mode controller, it would have a cycle-by-cycle primary current and feedback voltage control which
can make sure the maximum power of the converter is controlled in every switching cycle.
6.4
Digital Frequency Reduction
During normal operation, the switching frequency for ICE2QR0665 is digitally reduced with decreasing load.
At light load, the MOSFET will be turned on not at the first minimum drain-source voltage time, but on the nth.
The counter is in range of 1 to 7, which depends on feedback voltage in a time-base. The feedback voltage
decreases when the output power requirement decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, the counter is set by
monitoring voltage VFB. The counter will be increased with low VFB and decreased with high VFB. The
thresholds are preset inside the IC.
6.5
Burst Mode Operation
At light load condition, the SMPS enters into Active Burst Mode. At this stage, the controller is always active
but the Vcc must be kept above the switch off threshold. During active burst mode, the efficiency increase
significantly and at the same time it supports low ripple on Vout and fast response on load jump.
For determination of entering Active Burst Mode operation, three conditions apply:
.the feedback voltage is lower than the threshold of VFBEB(1.3V). Accordingly, the peak current sense voltage
across the shunt resistor is 0.18;
.the up/down counter is 7;
.and a certain blanking time (tBEB).
Once all of these conditions are fulfilled, the Active Burst Mode flip-flop is set and the controller enters Active
Burst Mode operation. This multi-condition determination for entering Active Burst Mode operation prevents
mistriggering of entering Active Burst Mode operation, so that the controller enters Active Burst Mode
operation only when the output power is really low during the preset blanking time.
During active burst mode, the maximum current sense voltage is reduced from 1V to 0.34V so as to reduce
the conduction loss and the audible noise. At the burst mode, the FB voltage is changing like a sawtooth
between 3.0 and 3.6V.
The feedback voltage immediately increases if there is a high load jump. This is observed by one comparator.
As the current limit is 34% during Active Burst Mode a certain load is needed so that feedback voltage can
exceed VLB (4.5V). After leaving active busrt mode, maximum current can now be provided to stabilize V O.
In addition, the up/down counter will be set to 1 immediately after leaving Active Burst Mode. This is helpful
to decrease the output voltage undershoot
7
Protection Features
Application Note
7
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
7.1
Vcc under voltage and over voltage protection
During normal operation, the VCC voltage is continuously monitored. When the Vcc voltage falls below the
under voltage lock out level (VCCoff) or the Vcc voltage increases up to VCCovp, the IC will enter into
autorestart mode.
7.2
Foldback point protection
For a quasi-resonant flyback converter, the maximum possible output power is increased when a constant current
limit value is used for all the mains input voltage range. This is usually not desired as this will increase additional
cost on transformer and output diode in case of output over power conditions.
The internal fold back protection is implemented to adjust the V CS voltage limit according to the bus voltage. Here,
the input line voltage is sensed using the current flowing out of ZC pin, during the MOSFET on-time. As the result,
the maximum current limit will be lower at high input voltage and the maximum output power can be well limited
versus the input voltage.
7.3
Open loop/over load protection
In case of open control loop, feedback voltage is pulled up with internally block. After a fixed blanking time
30ms, the IC enters into auto restart mode. In case of secondary short-circuit or overload, regulation voltage
VFB will also be pulled up, same protection is applied and IC will auto restart.
7.4
Adjustable output overvoltage protection
During off-time of the power switch, the voltage at the zero-crossing pin ZC is monitored for output
overvoltage detection. If the voltage is higher than the preset threshold 3.7V for a preset period 100μs, the
IC is latched off.
7.5
Short winding protection
The source current of the MOSFET is sensed via two shunt resistors R5 and R5A in parallel. If the voltage at
the current sensing pin is higher than the preset threshold VCSSW of 1.68V during the on-time of the power
switch, the IC is latched off. This constitutes a short winding protection. To avoid an accidental latch off, a
spike blanking time of 190ns is integrated in the output of internal comparator.
7.6
Auto restart for over temperature protection
The IC has a built-in over temperature protection function. When the controller’s temperature reaches 140 °C,
the IC will shut down switch and enters into autorestart. This can protect power MOSFET from overheated.
Application Note
8
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
8
Circuit diagram
C5 2.2nF/250V,Y1
BR1
*S G 1
F1 1.6A
D SP-30 1N -S 00 8
*VAR
S1 0K2 75 /R
L1
L
C3
68uF/400V
TR1 53 4u H
DF08M
85V - 265Vac
C1
2 x 39mH, 1.4A
C2
0.1uF/275V
L2
1.5uH
D3
5
6
*L3
C4
2.2nF/400V
R1
150k/2W
C11
3
*N T C
+
C16
C12 +
+
*C1 7
0. 1u F/5 0V
470uF/25V
N
D1
UF4005
0.22uF/275V
D SP-30 1N -S 00 8
MBR20H150CT
4
1000uF/25V
1000uF/25V
8
COM
*S G 2
R5A
0.82R
2
C6
C10
R15
8. 2k
47pF/1kV
+
R5
0.82R
33uF/35V
R10
43k
D2
1
IC1
3 CS
C8
100pF
1 ZC
20V/2A
D3
4 5
Drain
1N4148
ICE2 QR0 66 5
8 GND 2 FB
7 VCC
R3
0R
R11
27k
R7
1.2K
R14
47 k
4
1
3
2
C14
100pF
C15
100nF
R6
680R
C9
1nF
R8
22k
IC2 SFH617A-3
C7
0.1uF
IC3
TL431
ZD1
22V
*R13
R12
10k
40W 20V SMPS Demoboard with ICE2QR0665(V0.2)
Figure 2 – Schematics
Application Note
9
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
8.1
PCB Topover layer
Figure 3 –Component Legend – View from topside
Application Note
10
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
8.2
PCB Bottom Layer
Figure 4 Solder side copper – View from bottom side
Application Note
11
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
9
Component List
Table 1– Component List
Items
Designator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
BR1
NTC
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C14
C15
C16
D1
D2
D3
F1
FB1
IC1
IC2
IC3
J1~J7
L1
L2
R1
R3
R5
R5A
R6
R7
R8
R10
R11
R12
R14
R15
TR1
ZD1
Application Note
Part Type
1.5A/800V
2.5Ω S236
0.22μF/275Vac X2
0.1μF/275Vac X2
68μF/400V
2.2nF/400V
2.2nF/250V, Y1
33μF/35V
0.1μF
100pF
1nF
47pF/1000V
1000μF/25V
470μF/25V
100pF(0805)
100nF(0805)
1000μF/25V
UF4005
1N4148
20A/150V
1.6A Fuse
Ferrite Bead
ICE2QR0665
SFH617A-3
TL431
Jumper
2X39mH,1.4A
1.5μH
150kΩ/2W
0Ω, (SMD 0805)
0.82Ω(0.5W, 1%)
0.82Ω(0.5W, 1%)
680Ω(SMD 0805)
1.2kΩ(SMD 0805)
22kΩ(SMD 0805)
43kΩ,0.1% (1206)
27kΩ,1%(1206)
10kΩ( 1%)(1206)
47kΩ
8.2kΩ
534μH
22V
12
Part no.
Manufacturer
DF08M
B57236S0259M000
B32922C3224K000
B32922C3104K000
B43501A9686M000
B32529C8222K000
DE1E3KX222MA4BL01
B41851A7336M000
RPER71H104K2K1A03B
Vishay
Epcos
Epcos
Epcos
Epcos
Epcos
Murata
Epcos
Murata
RPER71H102K2K1A03B
Murata
UF4005
Vishay
MBR20H150CT
Vishay
Infineon
B82734R2142B030
Epcos
PC40EER28-Z
TDK
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
10
Transformer Construction
Core and material: PC40EER28-Z
Bobbin: Horizontal Version,BEER-28-1110CP
Primary Inductance, Lp=534μH, measured between pin 5 and pin 4 (Gapped to Inductance)
Figure 5 – Transformer structure
Figure 6 – Transformer complete – top view
Table 2 wire gauge used of the transformer windings
11
11.1
Start
1
Stop
2
No. of turns
8
Wire size
1XAWG#28
Layer
Auxiliary
3
6
5
8
22
9
2XAWG#28
6XAWG#28
/2 Primary
Secondary
4
3
22
2XAWG#28
1
1
/2 Primary
Test Results
Efficiency and standby performance
Application Note
13
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
Table 3 – Efficiency vs. AC line voltage
Input
voltage(Vac)
90
90
90
90
100
100
100
100
230
230
230
230
Input
power(W)
11.314
22.664
33.923
46.002
11.281
22.51
33.744
45.452
11.335
22.129
33.052
44.091
Vo(V)
19.88
19.87
19.86
19.86
19.88
19.87
19.86
19.86
19.88
19.87
19.86
19.86
Io(A)
0.5037
1.0025
1.5006
2.0037
0.5037
1.0025
1.5006
2.0037
0.5037
1.0025
1.5006
2.0037
Po(W)
10.01356
19.91968
29.80192
39.79348
10.01356
19.91968
29.80192
39.79348
10.01356
19.91968
29.80192
39.79348
Efficiency(%)
88.51
87.89
87.85
86.50
88.76
88.49
88.32
87.55
88.34
90.02
90.17
90.25
20V / 40W Efficiency Curve
91.00
90.17
90.02
90.25
Efficiency(%)
90.00
89.00
88.76
88.34
88.00
88.51
88.49
88.32
87.55
87.89
87.85
87.00
86.50
86.00
90Vac
85.00
100Vac
230Vac
84.00
25
50
75
100
Load(% )
Figure 7 – Efficiency vs. AC line voltage
Application Note
14
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
Standby Input Power Vs Line Voltage
80.00
71.48
70.00
60.31
Input Power(mW)
60.00
48.95
52.69
50.98
49.55
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
No Load
10.00
0.00
85
115
150
180
230
265
Line Voltage(VAC)
Figure 8 Standby input power vs AC line voltage
11.2
EMI test results
The conducted EMI was measured by Schaffner (SMR4503) under test standard EN55022 or CISPR22
Class B. The demo board was set up at 36W with the input voltage at 115Vac and 230Vac. The Red
curve(upper one) is the Quasi Peak data and the Green cuve(lower one) is the Average data. Both of them
can meet the regulations.
80
EN_V_QP
70
EN_V_AV
QP Pre
AV Pre
60
dBµV
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0.1
1
10
100
f / MHz
Figure 9 230V Line results
Application Note
15
11 November 2011
EVALQRC-40W-ICE2QR0665
80
EN_V_QP
EN_V_AV
QP Pre
AV Pre
70
60
dBµV
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0.1
1
10
100
f / MHz
Figure 10 115V line results
12
References
[1]
ICE2QS01 datasheet, Infineon Technologies AG, 2006
[2]
ICE2QR0665 datasheet, Infineon Technologies AG,2008
[3]
ICE2QS02G datasheet, Infineon Technologies AG, 2008
[4]
AN-ICE2QS01, 25W Evaluation Board with Quasi –Resonant PWM Controller ICE2QS01, Infineon
Technologies AG, 2006
[5]
Converter Design Using the Quasi-Resonant PWM Controller ICE2QS01, Infineon Technologies AG,
2006
[6]
80W Evaluation Board with Quasi-Resonant PWM Controller ICE2QS02G, Infineon Technologies
AG2008
Application Note
16
11 November 2011