NCL30081 Dimmable Quasi-Resonant Primary Side Current-Mode Controller for LED Lighting The NCL30081 is a PWM current mode controller targeting isolated flyback and non−isolated constant current topologies. The controller operates in a quasi−resonant mode to provide high efficiency. Thanks to a novel control method, the device is able to precisely regulate a constant LED current from the primary side. This removes the need for secondary side feedback circuitry, biasing and an optocoupler. The device is highly integrated with a minimum number of external components. A robust suite of safety protection is built in to simplify the design. This device is specifically intended for very compact space efficient designs. It supports step dimming by monitoring the AC line and detecting when the line has been toggled on−off−on by the user to reduce the light intensity in 5 steps down to 5% dimming. www.onsemi.com 1 TSOP−6 SN SUFFIX CASE 318G MARKING DIAGRAM Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • AAxAYWG Quasi−resonant Peak Current−mode Control Operation G Primary Side Sensing (no optocoupler needed) 1 Wide VCC Range AAx = Specific Device Code Precise LED Constant Current Regulation ±1% Typical x = G or H Line Feed−forward for Enhanced Regulation Accuracy A = Assembly Location Y = Year Low LED Current Ripple W = Work Week 250 mV ±2% Guaranteed Voltage Reference for Current Regulation G = Pb−Free Package ~ 0.9 Power Factor with Valley Fill Input Stage (Note: Microdot may be in either location) Low Start−up Current (10 mA typ.) Small Space Saving Low Profile Package PIN CONNECTIONS 5 State Quasi−log Dimmable 1 Wide Temperature Range of −40 to +125°C ZCD VIN Pb−free, Halide−free MSL1 Product GND VCC Robust Protection Features DRV CS ♦ Over Voltage / LED Open Circuit Protection (Top View) ♦ Secondary Diode Short Protection ♦ Output Short Circuit Protection ♦ Shorted Current Sense Pin Fault Detection Typical Applications ♦ Latched and Auto−recoverable Versions • Integral LED Bulbs ♦ Brown−out • LED Power Driver Supplies ♦ VCC Under Voltage Lockout • LED Light Engines ♦ Thermal Shutdown ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 30 of this data sheet. © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015 January, 2015 − Rev. 1 1 Publication Order Number: NCL30081/D NCL30081 . . Aux . 1 6 2 5 3 4 Figure 1. Typical Application Schematic for NCL30081 Table 1. PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Pin No Pin Name Function Pin Description 1 ZCD Zero Crossing Detection 2 GND − 3 CS Current sense This pin monitors the primary peak current 4 DRV Driver output The current capability of the totem pole gate drive (+0.3/−0.5 A) makes it suitable to effectively drive a broad range of power MOSFETs. 5 VCC Supplies the controller This pin is connected to an external auxiliary voltage. 6 VIN Input voltage sensing Brown−Out This pin observes the HV rail and is used in valley selection. This pin also monitors and protects for low mains conditions. Connected to the auxiliary winding, this pin detects the core reset event. The controller ground www.onsemi.com 2 NCL30081 OFF UVLO Aux_SCP GND Fault Management CS_shorted Internal Thermal Shutdown VREF VDD STOP VCC VCC Management Latch VCC_max Ipkmax WOD_SCP VCC Over Voltage Protection BO_NOK Qdrv ZCD VCC VVIN Valley Selection S Aux_SCP offset_OK Line Feedforward Leading Edge Blanking Q DRV Qdrv VVLY R VREF STEP_DIM STOP CS_reset Constant−Current Control Ipkmax Max. Peak Current Limit VVIN Clamp Circuit offset_OK Zero Crossing Detection Aux. Winding Short Circuit Protection CS VREF VVIN CS Short Protection Winding and Output diode Short Circuit Protection STOP Ipkmax VVIN STEP_DIM CS_shorted Step Dimming VIN Brown−Out BO_NOK WOD_SCP Figure 2. Internal Circuit Architecture www.onsemi.com 3 NCL30081 Table 2. MAXIMUM RATINGS TABLE Symbol Rating Value Unit VCC(MAX) ICC(MAX) Maximum Power Supply voltage, VCC pin, continuous voltage Maximum current for VCC pin −0.3, +35 Internally limited V mA VDRV(MAX) IDRV(MAX) Maximum driver pin voltage, DRV pin, continuous voltage Maximum current for DRV pin −0.3, VDRV (Note 1) −500, +800 V mA VMAX IMAX Maximum voltage on low power pins (except pins DRV and VCC) Current range for low power pins (except pins ZCD, DRV and VCC) −0.3, +5.5 −2, +5 V mA VZCD(MAX) IZCD(MAX) Maximum voltage for ZCD pin Maximum current for ZCD pin −0.3, +10 −2, +5 V mA RθJ−A Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Air 360 °C/W TJ(MAX) Maximum Junction Temperature 150 °C Operating Temperature Range −40 to +125 °C Storage Temperature Range −60 to +150 °C ESD Capability, HBM model (Note 2) 4 kV ESD Capability, MM model (Note 2) 200 V Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. VDRV is the DRV clamp voltage VDRV(high) when VCC is higher than VDRV(high). VDRV is VCC unless otherwise noted. 2. This device series contains ESD protection and exceeds the following tests: Human Body Model 4000 V per JEDEC JESD22−A114−F and Machine Model Method 200 V per JEDEC JESD22−A115−A. 3. This device contains latch−up protection and exceeds 100 mA per JEDEC Standard JESD78 except for VIN pin which passes 60 mA. www.onsemi.com 4 NCL30081 Table 3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Unless otherwise noted: For typical values TJ = 25°C, VCC = 12 V; For min/max values TJ = −40°C to +125°C, Max TJ = 150°C, VCC = 12 V) Description Test Condition Symbol Min Typ Max Unit VCC increasing VCC decreasing VCC decreasing VCC(on) VCC(off) VCC(HYS) VCC(reset) 16 8.2 8 3.5 18 8.8 – 4.5 20 9.4 – 5.5 Over Voltage Protection VCC OVP threshold VCC(OVP) 26 28 30 V VCC(off) noise filter VCC(reset) noise filter− tVCC(off) tVCC(reset) – – 5 20 – – ms ICC(start) – 13 30 mA ICC(sFault) – 46 60 mA ICC1 ICC2 ICC3 0.8 – – 1.0 2.15 2.6 1.4 4.0 5.0 Maximum Internal current limit VILIM 0.95 1 1.05 V Leading Edge Blanking Duration for VILIM (Tj = −25°C to 125°C) tLEB 250 300 350 ns Leading Edge Blanking Duration for VILIM (Tj = −40°C to 125°C) tLEB 240 300 350 ns Ibias – 0.02 – mA tILIM – 50 150 ns VCS(stop) 1.35 1.5 1.65 V tBCS – 120 – ns Blanking time for CS to GND short detection VpinVIN = 1 V tCS(blank1) 8.0 – 14.0 ms Blanking time for CS to GND short detection VpinVIN = 3.3 V tCS(blank2) 2.6 – 4.6 ms Drive Resistance DRV Sink DRV Source RSNK RSRC – – 13 30 – – Drive current capability DRV Sink (Note 4) DRV Source (Note 4) ISNK ISRC – – 500 300 – – STARTUP AND SUPPLY CIRCUITS Supply Voltage Startup Threshold Minimum Operating Voltage Hysteresis VCC(on) – VCC(off) Internal logic reset V Startup current Startup current in fault mode Supply Current Device Disabled/Fault Device Enabled/No output load on pin 5 Device Switching (Fsw = 65 kHz) mA VCC > VCC(off) Fsw = 65 kHz CDRV = 470 pF, Fsw = 65 kHz CURRENT SENSE Input Bias Current DRV high Propagation delay from current detection to gate off−state Threshold for immediate fault protection activation Leading Edge Blanking Duration for VCS(stop) GATE DRIVE W mA Rise Time (10% to 90%) CDRV = 470 pF tr – 40 – ns Fall Time (90% to 10%) CDRV = 470 pF tf – 30 – ns DRV Low Voltage VCC = VCC(off)+0.2 V CDRV = 470 pF, RDRV = 33 kW VDRV(low) 8 – – V DRV High Voltage VCC = 30 V CDRV = 470 pF, RDRV = 33 kW VDRV(high) 10 12 14 V 4. Guaranteed by design www.onsemi.com 5 NCL30081 Table 3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Unless otherwise noted: For typical values TJ = 25°C, VCC = 12 V; For min/max values TJ = −40°C to +125°C, Max TJ = 150°C, VCC = 12 V) Description Test Condition Symbol Min Typ Max Unit ZCD threshold voltage VZCD increasing VZCD(THI) 25 45 65 mV ZCD threshold voltage (Note 4) VZCD decreasing VZCD(THD) 5 25 45 mV ZCD hysteresis (Note 4) VZCD increasing VZCD(HYS) 10 – – mV VZCD(short) 0.8 1 1.2 V tOVLD 70 90 110 ms trecovery 3 4 5 s Ipin1 = 3.0 mA Ipin1 = −2.0 mA VCH VCL – −0.9 9.5 −0.6 – −0.3 VZCD decreasing tDEM – – 150 ns tPAR – 20 – ns tBLANK 2.25 3 3.75 ms tTIMO 5 6.5 8 ms Reference Voltage at Tj = 25°C VREF 245 250 255 mV Reference Voltage Tj = −40°C to 125°C VREF 242.5 250 257.5 mV 70% reference voltage VREF50 – 175 – mV 40% reference voltage VREF50 – 100 – mV 25% reference voltage VREF50 – 62.5 – mV 10% reference voltage VREF50 – 25 – mV 5% reference voltage VREF50 – 12.5 – mV Current sense lower threshold for detection of the leakage inductance reset time VCS(low) 30 55 80 mV KLFF 15 17 19 mA/V VpinVIN = 4.5 V Ioffset(MAX) 67.5 76.5 85.5 mA VREF value below which the offset current source is turned off VREF decreases VREF(off) – 15 – mV VREF value above which the offset current source is turned on VREF increases VREF(on) – 20 – mV Threshold for line range detection Vin increasing (1st to 2nd valley transition for VREF > 0.75 V) VVIN increases VHL 2.28 2.4 2.52 V Threshold for line range detection Vin decreasing (2nd to 1st valley transition for VREF > 0.75 V) VVIN decreases VLL 2.18 2.3 2.42 V tHL(blank) 15 25 35 ms ZERO VOLTAGE DETECTION CIRCUIT Threshold voltage for output short circuit or aux. winding short circuit detection Short circuit detection Timer VZCD < VZCD(short) Auto−recovery timer duration Input clamp voltage High state Low state V Propagation Delay from valley detection to DRV high Equivalent time constant for ZCD input (Note 4) Blanking delay after on−time Timeout after last demag transition CONSTANT CURRENT CONTROL LINE FEED−FORWARD VVIN to ICS(offset) conversion ratio Offset current maximum value VALLEY SELECTION Blanking time for line range detection 4. Guaranteed by design www.onsemi.com 6 NCL30081 Table 3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Unless otherwise noted: For typical values TJ = 25°C, VCC = 12 V; For min/max values TJ = −40°C to +125°C, Max TJ = 150°C, VCC = 12 V) Description Test Condition Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Valley thresholds 1st to 2nd valley transition at LL and 2nd to 3rd valley HL 2nd to 1st valley transition at LL and 3rd to 2nd valley HL 2nd to 4th valley transition at LL and 3rd to 5th valley HL 4th to 2nd valley transition at LL and 5th to 3rd valley HL 4th to 7th valley transition at LL and 5th to 8th valley HL 7th to 4th valley transition at LL and 8th to 5th valley HL 7th to 11th valley transition at LL and 8th to 12th valley HL 11th to 7th valley transition at LL and 12th to 8th valley HL 11th to 13th valley transition at LL and 12th to 15th valley HL 13th to 11th valley transition at LL and 15th to 12th valley HL VREF decreases VREF increases VREF decreases VREF increases VREF decreases VREF increases VREF decreases VREF increases VREF decreases VREF increases VVLY1−2/2−3 VVLY2−1/3−2 VVLY2−4/3−5 VVLY4−2/5−3 VVLY4−7/5−8 VVLY7−4/8−5 VVLY7−11/8−12 VVLY11−7/12−8 VVLY11−13/12−15 VVLY13−11/15−12 177.5 185.0 117.5 125.0 – – – – – – 187.5 195.0 125.0 132.5 75.0 82.5 37.5 50.0 15.0 20.0 197.5 205.0 132.5 140.0 – – – – – – Device switching (FSW around 65 kHz) TSHDN 130 155 170 °C TSHDN(HYS) – 55 – °C VALLEY SELECTION mV THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown (Note 4) Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis (Note 4) BROWN−OUT Brown−Out ON level (IC start pulsing) VSD increasing VBO(on) 0.90 1 1.10 V Brown−Out OFF level (IC shuts down) VSD decreasing VBO(off) 0.85 0.9 0.95 V BO comparators delay tBO(delay) – 30 – ms Brown−Out blanking time tBO(blank) 35 50 65 ms Brown−out pin bias current IBO(bias) −250 – 250 nA 4. Guaranteed by design www.onsemi.com 7 NCL30081 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 18.15 8.85 18.10 VCC(off) (V) VCC(on) (V) 8.80 18.05 18.00 8.75 8.70 17.95 17.90 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 8.65 −40 120 100 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 3. VCC(on) vs. Junction Temperature Figure 4. VCC(off) vs. Junction Temperature 27.80 1.09 27.75 1.07 1.05 27.65 ICC1 (mA) VCC(OVP) (V) 27.70 27.60 27.55 1.03 1.01 27.50 0.99 27.45 0.97 27.40 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.95 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 5. VCC(OVP) vs. Junction Temperature Figure 6. ICC1 vs. Junction Temperature 2.20 120 2.70 2.65 2.60 ICC3 (mA) ICC2 (mA) 2.15 2.10 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.05 2.40 2.00 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 2.35 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 7. ICC2 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 8. ICC3 vs. Junction Temperature www.onsemi.com 8 120 NCL30081 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 54 19 52 50 ICC(sFault) (mA) ICC(start) (mA) 17 15 13 48 46 44 42 11 40 9 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 38 −40 120 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 9. ICC(start) vs. Junction Temperature Figure 10. ICC(sFault) vs. Junction Temperature 1.51 1.002 1.000 1.50 0.998 1.49 VILIM (V) VCS(stop) (V) −20 1.48 0.996 0.994 1.47 0.992 1.46 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.990 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 11. VCS(stop) vs. Junction Temperature Figure 12. VILIM vs. Junction Temperature 305 120 3.00 303 301 2.98 tBLANK (ms) tLEB (ns) 299 297 295 293 2.96 2.94 291 2.92 289 287 285 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 2.90 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 13. tLEB vs. Junction Temperature Figure 14. tBLANK vs. Junction Temperature www.onsemi.com 9 NCL30081 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 6.80 254 253 6.70 252 VREF (mV) tTIMO (ms) 6.60 6.50 6.40 251 250 249 248 6.30 247 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 246 −40 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 15. tTIMO vs. Junction Temperature Figure 16. VREF vs. Junction Temperature 178 102 177 101 176 100 175 174 173 120 99 98 97 172 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 96 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 17. VREF70 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 18. VREF40 vs. Junction Temperature 66 26.0 65 25.5 64 25.0 VREF10 (mV) VREF25 (mV) −20 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) VREF40 (mV) VREF70 (mV) 6.20 −40 63 62 61 24.5 24.0 23.5 60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 23.0 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 19. VREF25 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 20. VREF10 vs. Junction Temperature www.onsemi.com 10 NCL30081 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 14.5 55.8 14.0 55.6 55.4 13.0 VCS(low) (mV) VREF05 (mV) 13.5 12.5 12.0 11.5 54.8 54.4 10.5 10.0 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 54.2 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 21. VREF05 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 22. VCS(low) vs. Junction Temperature 17.65 2.42 2.41 17.60 2.40 17.55 VHL (V) KLFF (mA/V) 55.0 54.6 11.0 17.50 2.39 2.38 17.45 17.40 −40 2.37 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 2.36 −40 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 23. KLFF vs. Junction Temperature Figure 24. VHL vs. Junction Temperature 120 25.5 25.0 tHL(BLANK) (ms) 2.29 2.28 2.27 2.26 −40 −20 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 2.30 VLL (V) 55.2 24.5 24.0 23.5 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 23.0 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 25. VLL vs. Junction Temperature Figure 26. tHL(BLANK) vs. Junction Temperature www.onsemi.com 11 NCL30081 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 186.8 200 186.6 199 186.4 VVLY2−1/3−2 (mV) VVLY1−2/2−3 (mV) 198 186.2 186.0 185.8 185.6 195 193 185.2 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 192 −40 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 27. VVLY1−2/2−3 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 28. VVLY2−1/3−2 vs. Junction Temperature 124.6 137 124.4 136 124.2 124.0 123.8 123.6 123.4 −40 −20 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) VVLY4−2/5−3 (mV) VVLY2−4/3−5 (mV) 196 194 185.4 185.0 −40 197 120 135 134 133 132 131 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 130 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 29. VVLY2−4/3−5 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 30. VVLY4−2/5−3 vs. Junction Temperature 75.0 120 88 87 86 VVLY7−4/8−5 (mV) VVLY4−7/5−8 (mV) 74.8 74.6 74.4 85 84 83 82 74.2 81 74.0 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 31. VVLY4−7/5−8 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 32. VVLY7−4/8−5 vs. Junction Temperature www.onsemi.com 12 120 NCL30081 37.3 50 37.2 49 VVLY11−7/12−8 (mV) VVLY7−11/8−12 (mV) TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 37.1 37.0 36.9 36.8 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 46 45 43 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 33. VVLY7−11/8−12 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 34. VVLY11−7/12−8 vs. Junction Temperature 15.6 21.0 15.1 20.5 VVLY13−11/15−12 (mV) VVLY11−13/12−15 (mV) 47 44 36.7 −40 14.6 14.1 13.6 13.1 120 20.0 19.5 19.0 18.5 18.0 12.6 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 17.5 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 35. VVLY11−13/12−15 vs. Junction Temperature Figure 36. VVLY13−11/15−12 vs. Junction Temperature 1.000 120 0.910 0.995 0.905 VBO(off) (V) VBO(on) (V) 48 0.990 0.985 0.900 0.895 0.980 0.975 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.890 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 37. VBO(on) vs. Junction Temperature Figure 38. VBO(off) vs. Junction Temperature www.onsemi.com 13 NCL30081 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 53.5 85.0 84.5 53.0 tOVLD (ms) 83.5 52.0 51.5 83.0 82.5 82.0 51.0 81.5 50.5 50.0 −40 81.0 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 80.5 −40 120 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 39. tBO(BLANK) vs. Junction Temperature Figure 40. tOVLD vs. Junction Temperature 4.40 4.35 4.30 trecovery (s) tBO(BLANK) (ms) 84.0 52.5 4.25 4.20 4.15 4.10 4.05 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 41. trecovery vs. Junction Temperature www.onsemi.com 14 120 NCL30081 Application Information • Brown−Out: the controller includes a brown−out The NCL30081 implements a current−mode architecture operating in quasi−resonant mode. Thanks to proprietary circuitry, the controller is able to accurately regulate the secondary side current of the flyback converter without using any opto−coupler or measuring directly the secondary side current. • Quasi−Resonance Current−Mode Operation: implementing quasi−resonance operation in peak current−mode control, the NCL30081 optimizes the efficiency by switching in the valley of the MOSFET drain−source voltage. Thanks to a smart control algorithm, the controller locks−out in a selected valley and remains locked until the input voltage or the output current set point significantly changes. • Primary Side Constant Current Control: thanks to a proprietary circuit, the controller is able to compensate for the leakage inductance of the transformer and allow accurate control of the secondary side current. • Line Feed−forward: compensation for possible variation of the output current caused by system slew rate variation. • Open LED protection: if the voltage on the VCC pin exceeds an internal limit, the controller shuts down and waits 4 seconds before restarting switching. • • • • circuit with a validation timer which safely stops the controller in the event that the input voltage is too low. The device will automatically restart if the line recovers. Cycle−by−cycle peak current limit: when the current sense voltage exceeds the internal threshold VILIM, the MOSFET is turned off for the rest of the switching cycle. Winding Short−Circuit Protection: an additional comparator with a short LEB filter (tBCS) senses the CS signal and stops the controller if VCS reaches 1.5 x VILIM. For noise immunity reasons, this comparator is enabled only during the main LEB duration tLEB. Output Short−circuit protection: If a very low voltage is applied on ZCD pin for 90 ms (nominal), the controllers assume that the output or the ZCD pin is shorted to ground and enters shutdown. The auto− restart version (B suffix) waits 4 seconds, then the controller restarts switching. In the latched version (A suffix), the controller is latched as long as VCC stays above the VCC(reset) threshold. Step dimming: Each time the IC detects a brown−out condition, the output current is decreased by discrete steps. www.onsemi.com 15 NCL30081 Constant Current Control (DCM). Figure 42 shows the basic circuit of a flyback converter. Figure 43 portrays the primary and secondary current of a flyback converter in discontinuous conduction mode Transformer Vbulk Lleak Cclp Nsp Rclp . Lp . Clamping network DRV Clump Rsense Figure 42. Basic Flyback Converter Schematic www.onsemi.com 16 Vout NCL30081 During the on−time of the MOSFET, the bulk voltage Vbulk is applied to the magnetizing and leakage inductors Lp and Lleak and the current ramps up. When the MOSFET is turned−off, the inductor current first charges Clump. The output diode is off until the voltage across Lp reverses and reaches: N spǒV out ) V fǓ turned off, the drain voltage begins to oscillate because of the resonating network formed by the inductors (Lp+Lleak) and the lump capacitor. This voltage is reflected on the auxiliary winding wired in flyback mode. Thus, by looking at the auxiliary winding voltage, we can detect the end of the conduction time of secondary diode. The constant current control block picks up the leakage inductor current, the end of conduction of the output rectifier and controls the drain current to maintain the output current constant. We have: (eq. 1) The output diode current increase is limited by the leakage inductor. As a consequence, the secondary peak current is reduced: I D,pk t I L,pk I out + V REF 2N spR sense (eq. 3) (eq. 2) N sp The output current value is set by choosing the sense resistor: The diode current reaches its peak when the leakage inductor is reset. Thus, in order to accurately regulate the output current, we need to take into account the leakage inductor current. This is accomplished by sensing the clamping network current. Practically, a node of the clamp capacitor is connected to Rsense instead of the bulk voltage Vbulk. Then, by reading the voltage on the CS pin, we have an image of the primary current (red curve in Figure 43). When the diode conducts, the secondary current decreases linearly from ID,pk to zero. When the diode current has R sense + V ref 2N spI out (eq. 4) From Equation 3, the first key point is that the output current is independent of the inductor value. Moreover, the leakage inductance does not influence the output current value as the reset time is taken into account by the controller. IL,pk NspID,pk Ipri(t) Isec(t) time t1 t2 ton tdemag Vaux(t) time Figure 43. Flyback Currents and Auxiliary Winding Voltage in DCM www.onsemi.com 17 NCL30081 Internal Soft−Start At startup or after recovering from a fault, there is a small internal soft−start of 40 ms. In addition, during startup, as the output voltage is zero volts, the demagnetization time is long and the constant current control block will slowly increase the peak current towards its nominal value as the output voltage grows. Figure 44 shows a soft−start simulation example for a 9 W LED power supply. 16.0 (V) 12.0 1 Vout 2 I out 4 VControl 3 VCS 8.00 4.00 0 800m (A) 600m 400m 200m 0 800m (V) 600m 400m 200m 0 604u 1.47m 2.34m time in seconds 3.21m 4.07m Figure 44. Startup Simulation Showing the Natural Soft−start Cycle−by−Cycle Current Limit Winding and Output Diode Short−Circuit Protection When the current sense voltage exceeds the internal threshold VILIM, the MOSFET is turned off for the rest of the switching cycle (Figure 45). In parallel with the cycle−by−cycle sensing of the CS pin, another comparator with a reduced LEB (tBCS) and a higher threshold (1.5 V typical) is able to sense winding short−circuit and immediately stops the DRV pulses. The controller goes into auto−recovery mode in version B. In version A, the controller is latched. In latch mode, the DRV pulses stop and VCC ramps up and down. The circuit un−latches when VCC pin voltage drops below VCC(reset) threshold. www.onsemi.com 18 NCL30081 S DRV Q Q aux Vdd latch CS R LEB1 Rsense + Vcontrol Vcc management PWMreset VCC − + VCCstop UVLO grand 8_HICC reset Ipkmax − VILIMIT OVP LEB2 + STOP OVP WOD_SCP latch − S VCS(stop) Q Q OFF WOD_SCP S Q Q R 8_HICC R grand reset from Fault Management Block Figure 45. Winding Short Circuit Protection, Max. Peak Current Limit Circuits Step Dimming Note: The power supply designer must ensure that VCC stays high enough when the light is turned−off to let the controller memorize the dimming step state. The power supply designer should use a split VCC circuit for step dimming with a capacitor allowing providing enough VCC for 1 s (47 mF to 100 mF capacitor). The step dimming state is memorized by the controller until VCC crosses VCC(reset). The step dimming function decreases the output current from 100% to 5% of its nominal value in discrete steps. There are 5 steps in total. Table 4 shows the different steps value and the corresponding output current set−point. Each time a brown−out is detected, the output current is decreased by decreasing the reference voltage VREF setting the output current value. When the 5% dimming step is reached, if a brown−out event occurs, the controller restarts at 100% of the output current. Table 4. DIMMING STEPS Dimming Step Iout Perceived Light ON 100% 100% 1 70% 84% 2 40% 63% 3 25% 50% 4 10% 32% 5 5% 17% VCC 4.7 mF 47 − 100 mF Figure 46. Split VCC Supply www.onsemi.com 19 NCL30081 Vbulk Vbulk(on) Vbulk(off) VCC VCC(on) VCC(off) VCC(reset) BO comp Iout 100% 70% 40% 25% 10% Figure 47. Step Dimming Chronograms www.onsemi.com 20 5% NCL30081 VCC Over Voltage Protection (Open LED Protection) In the NCL30081, when the VCC voltage reaches the VCC(OVP) threshold, the controller stops the DRV pulses and the 4−s timer starts counting. The IC re−start switching after the 4−s timer has elapsed as long as VCC ≥ VCC(on). This is illustrated in Figure 48. If no output load is connected to the LED power supply, the controller must be able to safely limit the output voltage excursion. 40.0 V CC(OVP) (V) 30.0 1 V CC V CC(on) 20.0 10.0 VCC(off) 0 40.0 (V) 30.0 2 Vout 20.0 10.0 0 800m (A) 600m 400m 200m 3 I out 0 8.00 (V) 6.00 4 OVP 4.00 2.00 0 1.38 3.96 6.54 time in seconds 9.11 11.7 Figure 48. Open LED Protection Chronograms Valley Lockout voltage or the output current set−point varies significantly. This avoids valley jumping and the inherent noise caused by this phenomenon. The input voltage is sensed by the VIN pin. The internal logic selects the operating valley according to VIN pin voltage (Figure 49) and the dimming state imposed by the Step Dimming feature. By default, when the output current is not dimmed, the controller operates in the first valley at low line and in the second valley at high line. Quasi−Square wave resonant systems have a wide switching frequency excursion. The switching frequency increases when the output load decreases or when the input voltage increases. The switching frequency of such systems must be limited. The NCL30081 changes valley as the input voltage increases and as the output current set−point is varied (thermal fold−back and step dimming). This limits the switching frequency excursion. Once a valley is selected, the controller stays locked in the valley until the input www.onsemi.com 21 NCL30081 Vbulk VIN + LLine HLine 25−ms blanking time − 2.4 V if LLine low 2.3 V if LLine high Figure 49. Line Range Detection Table 5. VALLEY SELECTION VIN pin voltage for valley change Iout value at which the controller changes valley (Iout decreasing) 0 100% 75% 50% 30% 15% 6% 0% 0 −LL− 2.3 V −HL− 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 7th 8th 11th 12th 13th 15th −LL− 2.4 V −HL− VVIN increases VIN pin voltage for valley change www.onsemi.com 22 5V 100% 78% 53% 33% 20% 8% 0% 5V Iout increases Iout decreases Iout value at which the controller changes valley (Iout increasing) VVIN decreases NCL30081 Zero Crossing Detection Block the valleys. To avoid such a situation, the NCL30081 features a Time−Out circuit that generates pulses if the voltage on ZCD pin stays below the VZCD(THD) threshold for 6.5 ms. The time−out also acts as a substitute clock for the valley detection and simulates a missing valley in case of too damped free oscillations. The ZCD pin allows detecting when the drain−source voltage of the power MOSFET reaches a valley. A valley is detected when the voltage on pin 1 crosses below the VZCD(THD) internal threshold. At startup or in case of extremely damped free oscillations, the ZCD comparator may not be able to detect V ZCD 3 4 V ZCD(THD) The 3rd valley is validated high 14 2nd, 3rd low 12 The 3rd valley is not detected by the ZCD comp The 2nd valley is detected By the ZCD comparator high 15 ZCD comp low high low 16 TimeOut 17 Clk Time−out circuit adds a pulse to account for the missing 3rd valley high low Figure 50. Time−out Chronograms To avoid these scenarios, a protection circuit consisting of a comparator and secondary timer starts counting when the ZCD voltage is below the VZCD(short) threshold. If this timer reaches 90 ms, the controller detects a fault and shutdown. The auto−restart version (B suffix) waits 4 seconds, then the controller restarts switching. In the latched version (A suffix), the controller is latched as long as VCC stays above the VCC(reset) threshold. Normally with this type of time−out function, in the event the ZCD pin or the auxiliary winding is shorted, the controller could continue switching leading to improper regulation of the LED current. Moreover during an output short circuit, the controller will strive to maintain constant current operation. www.onsemi.com 23 NCL30081 Line Feed−forward Because of internal and external propagation delays, the MOSFET is not turned−off immediately when the current set−point is reached. As a result, the primary peak current is slightly higher than expected resulting in a small output current error which can be compensated for during component selection. Normally this error would increase if the input line voltage increased because the slew rate through the primary inductance would increase. To compensate the peak current increase brought by the variation, a positive voltage proportional to the line voltage is added to the current sense signal. The amount of offset voltage can be adjusted using the RLFF resistor as shown in Figure 51. The offset voltage is applied only during the MOSFET on−time and when Iout is above 6% of the nominal output current. Bulk rail VDD VIN CS ICS(offset) RLFF Rsense Q_drv Offset_OK Figure 51. Line Feed−forward Schematic Brown−out shuts−down if the VIN pin voltage decreases and stays below 0.9 V for 50 ms nominal. Exiting a brown−out condition overrides the hiccup on VCC (VCC does not wait to reach VCC(off)) and the IC immediately goes into startup mode (ICC = ICC(start)). In order to protect the supply against a very low input voltage, the NCL30081 features a brown−out circuit with a fixed ON/OFF threshold. The controller is allowed to start if a voltage higher than 1 V is applied to the VIN pin and Vbulk VIN + 50−ms blanking time − 1 V if BONOK high 0.9 V if BONOK low Figure 52. Brown−out Circuit www.onsemi.com 24 BO_NOK NCL30081 160 (V) 120 VBulk 80.0 1 40.0 0 18.0 (V) 2 VCC(on) 16.0 14.0 VCC 12.0 VCC(off) 10.0 1.10 V BO(on) (V) 900m V BO(off) 700m V pinVIN 500m 3 300m 8.00 50−ms Timer (V) 6.00 BO_NOK low => Startup mode 4.00 2.00 BO_NOK 4 0 46.1m 138m 231m time in seconds 323m Figure 53. Brown−Out Chronograms (Valley Fill circuit is used) www.onsemi.com 25 415m NCL30081 CS Pin Short Circuit Protection Normally, if the CS pin or the sense resistor is shorted to ground, the Driver will not be able to turn off, leading to potential damage of the power supply. To avoid this, the NCL30081 features a circuit to protect the power supply against a short circuit of the CS pin. When the MOSFET is on, if the CS voltage stays below VCS(low) after the adaptive blanking timer has elapsed, the controller shuts down and will attempt to restart on the next VCC hiccup. Adaptative Blanking Time VVIN Q_drv CS − + S VCS(low) Q CS_short Q R UVLO BO_NOK Figure 54. CS Pin Short Circuit Protection Schematic Fault Management In this mode, the DRV pulses are stopped and the controller turn−off some circuits to decrease the internal consumption. VCC voltage decrease through the controller own consumption (ICC1). For the output diode short circuit protection, the output / aux. winding short circuit protection and the VCC OVP, the controller waits 4 seconds (auto−recovery timer) and then initiates a startup sequence (VCC ≥ VCC(on)) before re−starting switching. Latch Mode This mode is activated by the output diode short−circuit protection (WOD_SCP) and the Aux_SCP in version A only. In this mode, the DRV pulses are stopped and the controller is latched. There are hiccups on VCC. The circuit un−latches when VCC < VCC(reset). OFF Mode The circuit turns off whenever a major condition prevents it from operating: • Incorrect feeding of the circuit: “UVLO high”. The UVLO signal becomes high when VCC drops below VCC(off) and remains high until VCC exceeds VCC(on). • VCC OVP • Output diode short circuit protection: “WOD_SCP high” • Output / Auxiliary winding Short circuit protection: “Aux_SCP high” • Die over temperature (TSD) • Brown−Out: “BO_NOK” high • Pin CS short circuited to GND: “CS_short high” www.onsemi.com 26 NCL30081 Reset Timer has finished counting VCC > VCC(on) VCC < VCC(off) or BO_NOK ↓ VCC_OVP BO_NOK high or TSD or CS_Short Stop 4−s Timer VCC Disch. BO_NOK high or TSD or CS_Short WOD_SCP or Aux_SCP or VCC_OVP Run With states: Reset Stop Run VCC Disch. 4−s Timer → → → → → VCC < VCC(off) Controller is reset, ICC = ICC(start) Controller is ON, DRV is not switching Normal switching No switching, ICC = ICC1, waiting for VCC to decrease to VCC(off) the auto−recovery timer is counting, VCC is ramping up and down between VCC(on) and VCC(off) Figure 55. State Diagram for B Version Faults www.onsemi.com 27 NCL30081 Reset Timer has finished counting VCC > VCC(on) VCC < VCC(off) or BO_NOK ↓ VCC < VCC(reset) 4−s Timer VCC_OVP BO_NOK high or TSD or CS_Short Stop VCC Disch. VCC_OVP BO_NOK high or TSD or CS_Short Latch Run WOD_SCP or Aux_SCP With states: Reset Stop Run VCC Disch. 4−s Timer Latch → → → → → → VCC < VCC(off) Controller is reset, ICC = ICC(start) Controller is ON, DRV is not switching Normal switching No switching, ICC = ICC1, waiting for VCC to decrease to VCC(off) the auto−recovery timer is counting, VCC is ramping up and down between VCC(on) and VCC(off) Controller is latched off, VCC is ramping up and down between VCC(on) and VCC(off), only VCC(reset) can release the latch. Figure 56. State Diagram for A Version Faults www.onsemi.com 28 NCL30081 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TSOP−6 CASE 318G−02 ISSUE V D ÉÉ ÉÉ 6 E1 1 NOTE 5 5 2 H 4 L2 GAUGE PLANE E 3 L M b A1 SEATING PLANE DIM A A1 b c D E E1 e L L2 M DETAIL Z e 0.05 C NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS. 3. MAXIMUM LEAD THICKNESS INCLUDES LEAD FINISH. MINIMUM LEAD THICKNESS IS THE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF BASE MATERIAL. 4. DIMENSIONS D AND E1 DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS, OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS, OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15 PER SIDE. DIMENSIONS D AND E1 ARE DETERMINED AT DATUM H. 5. PIN ONE INDICATOR MUST BE LOCATED IN THE INDICATED ZONE. A c DETAIL Z MIN 0.90 0.01 0.25 0.10 2.90 2.50 1.30 0.85 0.20 0° MILLIMETERS NOM MAX 1.00 1.10 0.06 0.10 0.38 0.50 0.18 0.26 3.00 3.10 2.75 3.00 1.50 1.70 0.95 1.05 0.40 0.60 0.25 BSC 10° − RECOMMENDED SOLDERING FOOTPRINT* 6X 0.60 6X 3.20 0.95 0.95 PITCH DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS *For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D. www.onsemi.com 29 NCL30081 OPTIONS Controller Output SCP Winding/Output Diode SCP NCL30081A Latched Latched NCL30081B Auto−recovery Auto−recovery ORDERING INFORMATION Device Package Marking Package Type Shipping† NCL30081ASNT1G AAG TSOP−6 (Pb−Free, Halide−Free) 3000 / Tape & Reel NCL30081BSNT1G AAH TSOP−6 (Pb−Free, Halide−Free) 3000 / Tape & Reel †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. 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