LV8811G, LV8813G Motor Driver, 3-Phase, PWM, Full-Wave, BLDC Overview The LV8811G, LV8813G are a 3-phase BLDC motors driver which are controlled by single Hall sensor. A 180 degrees sinusoidal driving method is adopted and the IC can control motor with low vibration and the low noise. In addition, lead-angle adjustment is possible by external pins. Lead-angle value and lead-angle slant can be adjusted independently. Thus, the device can be driven by high efficiency and low noise with various motors. The power element to drive a motor is built-in and contributes to high efficiency by low on resistance (0.5 Ω). The Hall sensor bias driver is equipped, and a Hall IC is supported as well. As a method of the rotary speed control of the motor, direct-PWM pulse input or DC-voltage input can be chosen. www.onsemi.com 20-pin TSSOP with exposed pad CASE 948AZ Features ∙3-phase full wave (sinusoidal) drive ∙Any practical combination of slot and pole can be handled. (e.g. 3S2P, 3S4P, 6S4P, 6S8P, 12S8P, 9S12P and so on) ∙Built-in power FETs (P-MOS/N-MOS) ∙Speed control function by direct PWM or DC voltage input ∙Minimum input PWM duty cycle can be configured by voltage input ∙Soft start-up function and soft shutdown function ∙Soft PWM duty cycle transitions ∙Built-in current limit circuit and thermal protection circuit ∙Regulated voltage output pin for Hall sensor bias ∙Built-in locked rotor protection and auto recovery circuit ∙FG signal output ∙Dynamic lead angle adjustment with respect to rotational speed ∙Lead-angle control parameters can be configured by voltage inputs. MARKING DIAGRAM XXXX = Specific Device Code Y = Year M = Month DDD = Additional Traceability Data ORDERING INFORMATION Ordering Code: LV8811G-AH LV8813G-AH Typical Applications ∙Refrigerator ∙PC ∙Games Package TSSOP20J (Pb-Free / Halogen Free) Shipping (Qty / packing) 2000 / Tape & Reel † For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/BRD8011-D.PDF © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016 May 2016- Rev. 0 1 Publication Order Number: LV8811G_LV8813G/D LV8811G, LV8813G BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1. LV8811G, LV8813G Block Diagram www.onsemi.com 2 LV8811G, LV8813G APPLICATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM UO Hall WO VO Power Supply VO PGND 20 2 UO (NC) 19 3 RF WO 18 4 RFS SGND 17 R1 R2 CM ZD1 D1 1 C1 R11 5 VCC CPWM 16 R12 C2 R3 R6 VTH 15 7 PH1 MDS 14 8 PH2 IN2 13 R8 C3 R7 ( ) Pull up power Rotation Signal Output REG R5 R4 PWM Signal Input 6 9 PWM 10 FG HB 12 IN1 11 Hall R9 (R10 ) Figure 2. Three-phase BLDC Motor Drive with LV8811G, LV8813G using One Hall Sensor www.onsemi.com 3 LV8811G, LV8813G UO Hall WO VO Power Supply D1 1 VO PGND 20 2 UO (NC) 19 3 RF WO 18 4 RFS SGND 17 R2 CM ZD1 R1 C1 R11 5 VCC CPWM 16 R12 C2 R3 6 REG VTH 15 7 PH1 MDS 14 R5 R4 R13 8 R6 R8 Pull up power Rotation Signal Output IN2 13 C3 R7 ( ) PWM Signal Input PH2 9 PWM 10 FG R9 HB 12 IN1 11 Hall IC R15 (R10 ) Figure 3. Three-phase BLDC Motor Drive with LV8811G, LV8813G using One Hall IC www.onsemi.com 4 R14 LV8811G, LV8813G UO Hall WO VO Power Supply D1 1 VO PGND 20 2 UO (NC) 19 3 RF WO 18 4 RFS SGND 17 5 VCC CPWM 16 R2 CM ZD1 R1 C1 R14 C2 R3 6 REG VTH 15 7 PH1 MDS 14 8 PH2 IN2 13 R15 C4 R17 R18 MN1 R16 R5 R4 R6 Pull up power R11 C3 9 Rotation Signal Output C5 PWM 10 FG R9 HB 12 IN1 11 R12 Hall PWM Signal Input (R10 ) R13 Figure 4. Three-phase BLDC Motor Drive with LV8811G, LV8813G using input PWM to DC conversion for speed control www.onsemi.com 5 LV8811G, LV8813G EXAMPLE COMPONENT VALUE Device D1 ZD1 Value MBRA340T3G (ON semi) MNSZ5247BT1G (ON semi) CM C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 4.7µF 1500pF 1µF 0.1µF 1µF 330pF R1 R2 R3 R4 0.22Ω // 0.22Ω (0.5W) 1kΩ 0 to 50kΩ 50k to 0Ω Device R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 www.onsemi.com 6 Value 0 to 50kΩ 50k to 0Ω 1kΩ NC 1k to 10kΩ 1kΩ 0 to 50kΩ 50k to 0Ω 10kΩ 30kΩ 7.5kΩ 62kΩ 68kΩ 1kΩ LV8811G, LV8813G PIN ASSIGNMENT VO 1 20 PGND UO 2 19 (NC) RF 3 18 WO RFS 4 17 SGND VCC 5 16 CPWM REG 6 15 VTH PH1 7 14 MDS PH2 8 13 IN2 PWM 9 12 HB FG 10 11 IN1 Figure 5. LV8811G, LV8813G Pin Assignment www.onsemi.com 7 LV8811G, LV8813G LV8811G VS LV8813G COMPARISION ASSUME APPLICATION -LV8811G : Wide operation supply voltage range. Suitable for small-size fans. -LV8813G : Stable start-up even with a large load. Suitable for large-size fans. DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS LV8811G LV8813G VCC/RF operating Supply voltage range 3.6V to 16V 6.0V to 16V Alignment duty cycle 6%- >5%-> 20%->15% 50%->25% Alignment time 0.8ms 1.0s Lock detection time 0.33s 0.77s 5.8s 5.4s 1:5 1:3 Lock-Stop Release Time Lock/Release time ratio Comment LV8811G has a wide operation voltage range. LV8813G has a different Vcc lower limit to support large-size fan. LV8813G has stronger alignment to secure the start-up of large-size fans. LV8813G has longer alignment time to secure the start-up of large-size fans. LV8813G has longer detection time to prevent false Lock detection on large-size fans at the start-up. This characteristic is different due to a different Lock detection time. PIN FUNCTION DISCRIPTION Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pin Name VO UO RF RFS VCC REG PH1 PH2 PWM FG IN1 HB IN2 MDS VTH CPWM SGND WO NC PGND Description V-phase output pin U-phase output pin Inverter power supply and Motor current sense resistor pin Motor Current Sense Power supply pin Internal regulator output pin Lead-angle adjustment pin 1 Lead-angle adjustment pin 2 Speed reference input PWM pin Motor speed feedback output pin Hall sensor input pin 1 Hall sensor bias output pin Hall sensor input pin 2 Minimum output PWM duty cycle setting pin Speed reference input DC voltage pin PWM clock frequency control pin System ground pin W-phase output pin No connection Power ground pin www.onsemi.com 8 Reference page 10 20 10, 20, 23,25 10, 23, 25 23, 25 LV8811G, LV8813G MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) Parameter Symbol Value Unit Maximum supply voltage (Note2) VCCMAX 20 V Maximum output voltage (Note3) VOUTMAX 20 V Maximum output current (Note3, Note4) IOUTMAX 2.0 A REG pin maximum load current IREGMAX 20 mA HB pin maximum load current IHBMAX 10 mA PWM pin maximum input voltage VPWMMAX 6 V FG pin maximum voltage VFGMAX 17 V Input pins maximum voltage (Note5) (Note 6) 3.6 V Allowable Power Dissipation (Note7) PdMAX 2.5 W Storage Temperature Tstg −55 to 150 ºC Junction Temperature TJMAX 150 ºC Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) (Note8) MSL 3 - Lead Temperature Soldering Pb-Free Versions (30sec or less) (Note 9) TSLD 255 ºC ESD Human body Model : HBM (Note10) ESDHBM ±2000 V 1. Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Rating table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 2. VCC supply pins are VCC(5pin), RF(3pin), and RFS(4pin). 3. Motor power supply pins are UO(2pin), VO(1pin), and WO(18pin). 4. IOUTMAX is the peak value of the motor supply current. 5. Input pins are PH1(7pin), PH2(8pin), IN1(11pin), IN2(13pin), MDS(14pin), VTH(15pin), and CPWM(16pin). 6. Pin : Symbol PH1:VPH1MAX, PH2:VPH2MAX, IN1:VIN1MAX, IN2:VIN2MAX, MDS:VMDSMAX, VTH:VVTHMAX, CPWM:VCPWMMAX 7. Specified circuit board : 57.0mm×57.0mm×1.6mm, glass epoxy 2-layer board. It has 1 oz copper traces on top and bottom of the board. Please refer to Thermal Test Conditions of page 32. 8. Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3 per IPC/JEDEC standard: J-STD-020A 9. For information, please refer to our Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/SOLDERRM-D.PDF 10. ESD Human Body Model is based on JEDEC standard: JESD22-A114 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Symbol Value Unit Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient (Note7) RθJA 50.0 ºC/W Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case (Top) (Note7) RΨJT 15.5 ºC/W Allowable power dissipation Pdmax - W 3 2.5 2.5 2 θJA 1.5 1 0.9 0.5 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient temperature, Ta - ˚C Figure 6. Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature Characteristic www.onsemi.com 9 140 LV8811G, LV8813G RECOMMENDED OPERATING RANGES (Note11) Parameter Symbol VCC supply voltage Range at LV8811G (Note2) VCCOP VCC supply voltage Range at LV8813G (Note2) Ratings Unit 3.6 to 16.0 V 6.0 to 16.0 V PWM input frequency range fPWM 20 to 50 kHz PWM input duty cycle range DPWM 0 to 100 % PWM input voltage range VPWM 0 to 5 V IN1 input voltage range VIN1 0 to VREG V IN2 input voltage range VIN2 0.3 to 1.8 V Control input Voltage Range (Note12) (Note 13) 0 to VREG V Ambient Temperature TA ºC −40 to 105 11. Functional operation above the stresses listed in the Recommended Operating Ranges is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses beyond the Recommended Operating Ranges limits may affect device reliability. 12. Control input pins are PH1, PH2, MDS, and VTH 13. Pin : Symbol PH1:VPH1, PH2:VPH2, MDS:VMDS, VTH:VVTH ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA=25ºC, VCCOP = 12V UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. (NOTE 14) Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit 4.5 7.0 mA 0.198 V Circuit Current Supply Current ICC0 PWM = 3V, CPWM=0V, IO=0A Over Current Detection Voltage VTHCLM The voltage between VCC - RF 0.162 0.180 Over Voltage Detection Voltage VTHOVP VCC pin, Guaranteed by design 19 20 V Over Voltage Detection Hysteresis ΔVTHOVP VCC pin, Guaranteed by design 2 V Lock Detection Time TLD Protection (Note15) Lock Protection Time Thermal Protection Detection Temperature Thermal Protection Detection Hysteresis Case of the LV8811G 0.23 0.32 0.41 S Case of the LV8813G 0.55 0.76 0.97 S Case of the LV8811G 4.15 5.68 7.21 S Case of the LV8813G 3.82 5.23 6.64 S TTHP Guaranteed by design 150 180 ˚C ΔTTHP Guaranteed by design 15 ˚C TLP Regulator REG Pin Output Voltage VREG 2.7 3.0 3.3 V 0.5 0.65 Ω Output UO/VO/WO Output Resistance ROUTON IO=0.8A, High-side + Low-side FG Pin Low Level Output Voltage VFGL IFG=5mA 0.3 V FG Pin Leak Current IFGLK VFG=16V 1 μA HB Pin Output Voltage VHB IHB=5mA 1.30 V IN1/IN2 Input Current IH 1 μA Hall Signal Input Hysteresis ΔVH FG Output (Note16) Hall Bias & Hall Signal Input Guaranteed by design 1.06 1.18 +/-10 mV Continued on next page. www.onsemi.com 10 LV8811G, LV8813G Continued from preceding page. Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit PWM Input PWM Pin Low Level Input Voltage PWM Pin High Level Input Voltage PWM On Time PWM Off Time VPWML 0 0.6 V VPWMH 2.3 5.5 V TPWMON Guaranteed by design 200 ns TPWMOFF Guaranteed by design 200 ns CPWM Input CPWM Minimum Output Ratio (Note17) CPWM Maximum Output Ratio (Note17) VCPWML × 100 VREG VCPWMH × 100 VREG 16 18 20 % 65 67 69 % CPWM Source Current ICPWMSO VCPWM=1.3V 17 29 41 μA CPWM Sink Current ICPWMSI VCPWM=1.3V -41 -29 -17 μA 14. Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions. 15. Refer to the protection circuit explanation in the function description. Refer to page 23. 16. For FG output pin, it is recommended to connect pull-up resistor between the pin and power supply of the controller. 17. VCPWMH and VCPWML are peak voltage of triangle wave in CPWM pin. www.onsemi.com 11 LV8811G, LV8813G TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Figure 7. Supply current vs VCC voltage Figure 10. Current limiter detection voltage vs VCC voltage Figure 8. VREG output voltage vs VCC voltage Figure 11. VREG output voltage vs REG load current Figure 9. Output ON resistance vs Output current Figure 12. FG output voltage vs FG input current www.onsemi.com 12 LV8811G, LV8813G Figure 13. FG leakage current vs FG input voltage Figure 16. VHB output voltage vs VCC voltage Figure 14. VHB output voltage vs HB load current Figure 17. IN1/IN2 input current vs IN1/IN2 input voltage Figure 15. PWM threshold voltage vs VCC voltage Figure 18. CPWM charge/discharge current www.onsemi.com 13 LV8811G, LV8813G Functional Description POWER SUPPLY PINS (VCC, RF) RF is output power supply whereas VCC is other circuit supply. The RF pin supplies large current to built-in power MOS FTEs. (Figure 23) *Please refer to page.15 ‘Motor Current Sense Resistor Pin (RF)’ about the CLM sense resistance of RF terminal. GND PIN (SGND, PGND) PGND is power ground whereas SGND is other circuit ground. Since PGND has to tolerate surge of current, separate it from the SGND as far away as possible and connect it point-to-point to the ground side of the capacitor (CM) between power supply and ground. Internal 3.0V Voltage Regulator Pin (REG) An internal 3.0V voltage regulator acts a power source for internal logic, oscillator, and protection circuits. When MDS and PH1 and PH2 are used, it is recommended that application circuits are made using this output. In addition, the application circuit of VTH is same, too. The maximum load current of REG is 10mA. Warn not to exceed this. Place capacity of 1uF degree and the 0.1uF degree in the close this pin. (Figure 19) Figure 20. Equivalent circuit of FG MOTOR DRIVE OUTPUT PINS (UO, VO, WO) These pins are output of built-in three-phase MOSFET based inverter that drives the motor. Each leg of the inverter is having high side P-MOSFET and low side N-MOSFET. (Figure 21) Figure 21. Equivalent circuit of U/V/W HALL-SENSOR BIAS OUTPUT PIN (HB) The LV811G, LV8813G provides a bias regulator output (1.18V typ.) for a hall sensor. It is recommended that this output used only for hall sensor bias. Figure 19. Equivalent circuit of REG ROTATIONAL SIGNAL PIN (FG) Frequency of the FG output represents the motor’s electrical rotational speed (the same rectangular waves as the UO). It is an open drain output. Recommended pull up resistor value is 1kΩ to 10kΩ. Leave the pin open when not in use. (Figure 20) HALL-SENSOR INPUT PINS (IN1, IN2) Differential output signals of a Hall sensor are connected to IN1 and IN2 individually. Its polarity is determined by a combination of the number of slot and poles. (Figure 29) It is recommended to add 0.1uF capacitor between them to filter system noise. Topologies, in the case of a Hall IC, are shown in Figure 30 on page18. The topology (including polarity) is also determined by the combination of the number of slot and poles. www.onsemi.com 14 LV8811G, LV8813G When the pin IN1 is connected to the output of the Hall IC, the pin IN2 must be kept in the middle level of the Hall IC power supply voltage. When the pin IN2 is connected to the output of the Hall IC, the pin IN1 must be kept in the middle level of the Hall IC power supply voltage. Because of the input circuit (Figure 22), the input voltage of IN2 must be higher than 0.3V. Therefore, The resistance ratio must be decided so that IN2 voltage is higher than 0.3V. (Figure 30) Regarding the polarity of a Hall sensor and IC, refer ‘Rotation Direction’ on page18. Sense Resistor[Ω] = VTHCLM [V] ICLM [A] For example, to set the CLM current threshold at 1.5A, the sense resistor value is Sense Resistor = Res = 0.12[Ω] 0.18(typ) 1.5 MOTOR CURRENT SENSE PIN (RFS) This pin reads voltage across the series sense resistor and compares with internal VTHCLM. When the measured voltage exceeds VTHCLM, CLM is triggered and when it falls below VTHCLM, the LV8811G, LV8813G exits from the CLM mode. A series RC filter is recommended to avoid false detection due to switching noise. (Figure 24) Vcc LPF ∆V Vcc RFS V = VTHOCP Figure 22 Equivalent circuit of IN1, IN2 RF MOTOR CURRENT SENSE RESISTOR PIN (RF) This is also the power supply pin for the built-in power inverter. Voltage across the sense resistor represents the motor current and is compared against the internal VTHOVC (0.18Vtyp.) for setting the over-current limiter (CLM). (Figure 23) ∙∆V < VTHOCP ׃ The OCP mode is ineffictive. ∙ ∆V > VTHOCP ׃ The OCP mode is effictive. Control to OCP Figure 24. Schematic view of the CLM circuit The serise resistor (Sence resistor) Vcc U V W RF PGND The power MOS FETs Figure 23. Schematic view of power current route The sense resistor value is calculated as follows. www.onsemi.com 15 LV8811G, LV8813G COMMAND INPUT (PWM) PWM FREQUENCY SETTING PIN (CPWM) This pin reads the duty cycle of the PWM pulse and controls rotational speed. The PWM input signal level is supported from 2.5V to 5V. The combination with the rotational speed control by DC voltage, is impossible. When the pin is not used, it must be connected to ground. The minimum pulse width is 200ns. (Figure 25) When rotational speed is controlled with the DC voltage, this pin is used. The frequency of the triangle wave which the pin generates at external capacity can be changed. The frequency of this triangle wave equals frequency of the PWM control that the output works. The relations between the external capacitor and frequency are shown in the next equation. PWM Frequency fPWM [Hz] is, fPWM = ICPWMSI/O [A] 2 × (VCPWMH − VCPWML )[V] × CPWM [pF] Where, ICPWMSI/O = ICPWMSO = −ICPWMSI ∶ 29[uA](typ. ) Charge/discharge current VCPWMH: 2.01[V](typ.) Upper peak voltage of CPWM triangle waveform. 67% of 3V VREG VCPWML: 0.54[V](typ.) Lower peak voltage of CPWM triangle waveform. 18% of 3V VREG Figure 25. Equivalent circuit of PWM MINIMUM DUTY CYCLE SETTING PIN (MDS) The too small duty cycle of the input PWM can be blanked out. The threshold of the minimum duty cycle is configurable. The DC voltage level applied to this pin is converted to this threshold. The voltage is fetched right after the power-on-reset. Because the internal conversion circuit works inside REG power rail, it is recommended that the MDS voltage is made from VREG. This pin is also used for setting of FG frequency. Refer ‘Parameter Setting by Constant Voltage’ on page 28, and ‘Setting Minimum PWM Duty Cycle’ on page 29. For example, the capacitance of CPWM, to make the PWM frequency 30kHz, can be determined by the followings 29u 30k = 2.94 × CPWM CPWM ≅ 330[pF] CPWM decides output PWM frequency. Thus, this value must choose appropriately. The range from 220pF to 330pF is recommended. CPWM is represented C5 in the application circuit diagram, Figure 4 on page 5. The combination with the rotational speed control by PWM is impossible. When this pin is not used, it must be connected to GND. Refer ‘PWM duty CYCLE control by analog voltage’ on page 26. (Figure 26) LEAD-ANGLE SETTING PIN (PH1, PH2) LV8811G, LV8813G provides the dynamic lead angle adjustment. To match the motor characteristics, the base angle and change ratio with respect to the rotation speed can be configured. The DC voltage levels applied to these pins are converted to the lead angle parameter. The voltages are fetched right after the power-on-reset. Because the internal conversion circuit works inside REG power rail, it is recommended that the PH1 and PH2 voltages are made from VREG. Refer ‘Parameter Setting by Constant Voltage’ on page 28, and ‘Setting Lead Angle’ on page 30. Figure 26. Equivalent circuit of CPWM www.onsemi.com 16 LV8811G, LV8813G ROTATIONAL CONTROL PIN BY DC VOLTAGE (VTH) This pin reads the input DC voltage and controls rotational speed. The VTH voltage is compared with the CPWM triangle wave with an internal comparator and generates PWM pulse and controls rotational speed with frequency and duty cycle of this pulse. If the external control signal is the pulse type, it should be flattening by the filter and be shifted to suitable level. The external circuit example is shown in Figure 4. VTH input level flatten by the filter is calculated in the following equation. VVTH = VREG × � R15 + R16 R14 × R16 DPWM − × � RA RA × RB 100 Where R A = R14 + R15 + R16 R B = R14 + R15 VVTH = VTH input level Figure 27. Equivalent circuit of VTH NC PIN (NC) This pin is not connection to the internal circuit. This calculation is justified by the condition that Rds of MN1 << R16. So, a large value of resistor should be selected to R16. For example, when the input PWM duty cycle is set in 50%, can be determined by follows. 50[%] ) VVTH = 3[V] × (0.698 − 0.498 × 100 VVTH = 1.35[V] Where R14=7.5[kΩ], R15=30[kΩ], R16=62[kΩ] The cut-off frequency fc by C4 and R18 is calculated in the following equation. fc = 1 2𝜋𝜋 × 𝐶𝐶4 × 𝑅𝑅18 The actual value of C4 or R18 is better to select more than 50 times the above calculation value to be flatten thoroughly. Furthermore, it is better to do it by the value of C3 because of the effect of input impedance at VTH pin. If the external control signal is the DC type, it inputs into direct VTH pin. However, It is recommended that the filter (C4 and R18) is kept because rid of the influence of the noise. The CPWM amplitude is decided by VREF. Thus, VTH recommends that it is made from VREG. The combination with the rotational speed control by PWM is impossible. When the pin is not used, it must be OPEN. Refer ‘PWM duty CYCLE control by analog voltage’ on page 26. (Figure 27) www.onsemi.com 17 LV8811G, LV8813G DETAILED DESCRIPTION As for all numerical value used in this description, the design value or the typical value is used. ROTATION DIRECTION The motor type can be categorized into two groups as 3S2P and 3S4P. (S: Slot, P: Pole). The 3S2P group contains 3S2P, 6S4P and 12S8P, for instance, and 3S4P groups contains 3S4P, 6S8P and 9S12P. The rotate 3S2P 3S4P direction of 3S2P group is CW, that of 3S4P group is CCW. The direction can be changed by exchanging connection between U and W, in the case where the hall sensor is between U coil and W coil. (Figure 28) 6S4P 12S8P 6S8P 9S12P Figure 28. Schematic diagram of motor Hall output polarity also needs to be set with the type of SP motors. It is shown in Figure 29, Figure 30 3S2P 6S4P 12S8P 3S4P 6S8P 9S12P IN2 13 + HB 12 Hall - IN1 11 3S2P 6S4P REG 6 IN2 13 Open HB 12 IN1 11 12S8P Hall IC IN2 13 VDD VSS + HB 12 Hall - IN1 11 Figure 29. Hall element use connection REG 6 IN2 13 3S4P 6S8P 9S12P Open HB 12 IN1 11 Hall IC VDD VSS Figure 30. Hall IC use connection www.onsemi.com 18 LV8811G, LV8813G DEVICE START-UP OUTPUT WAVEFORM The LV8811G, LV8813G will start driving, when the PWM signal is input at the PWMIN pin after a power supply is turned on. The output PWM duty cycle is modulated so that the phase-to-phase voltage waveform is sinusoidal. Two phases are driven with PWM, while the other phase sunk to ground. It can handle the rotational speed up to the 250Hz of FG frequency (electrical cycle). However, for high speed case, it depends on motor mechanical parameters. Low speed side recommends the rotational speed down to the 30Hz of FG frequency. A wave pattern example is shown in Figure 31. COMMUTATION The commutation timing is determined with respect to the one Hall sensor or Hall-IC signal, while conventional sensor-based BLDC motor drivers need three sensors. IN1 + IN1 IN1 L L L H H H L L L H H H hall comparator FG Max UO 0% Max VO 0% Max WO 0% Figure 31. Timing chart example: Normal Rotation The amplitude of current waveform is effectived by input PWM duty cycle while the sinusoidal waveform is kept. FG U-out Current of U-out Input PWM duty-cycle 50% Input PWM duty-cycle 100% Figure 32. Normal Rotation (Output pin) www.onsemi.com 19 LV8811G, LV8813G DETAIL OF THE ROTOR START POSITION ALIGNMENT After detecting input PWM, the motor-rotor is aligned to the start position. The start position alignment is independent on the input PWM duty cycle, and applies the preset duty cycle described below. [LV8811G] The output PWM duty cycle sequence for the rotor alignment consists of the three steps. Alignment duty cycle 1st: 6%, 2nd: 5%, 3rd: 20% [LV8813G] The output PWM duty cycle sequence for the rotor alignment consists of the single step. Alignment duty cycle 50% (Figure 33) 60% Input duty [%] Output duty [%] Input frequency [kHz] 30kHz 50% LV8813G 25% 20% 15% LV8811G 6% 5% 0% 60ms LV8811G Alignment time 800ms 1s Time LV8813G Alignment time 30kHz Output frequency [kHz] Figure 33. Timing chart example: Alignment duty cycle ROTATION START-UP AND SOFT-START After the adjustment of the start position, the output duty cycle begin from 15% (LV8811G) or 25% (LV8813G). the motor starts to rotate in sinusoidal drives, increasing output duty cycle (increment slope is 26[%/s]) till the output duty cycle reaches the target duty cycle. In case the input PWM duty cycle is under 20%, the output duty cycle decreases to the target duty cycle (decrement slope is 26[%/s]) after reaching 20%. After 32 FG pulses the lead angle increases to the target lead angle (tuned from PH1/PH2) by 1 degree steps at every FG edge. (Figure 34) Output duty [%] (Duty was set more than 20%) Target duty( > 20% ) LV8813G LV8811G Alignment term 20% Δ= 26[%/sec] Output duty [%] (Duty was set less than 20%) Alignment term 20% LV8813G LV8811G Lead angle [deg] FG count = 32 Δ= - 26[%/sec] Lead angle adjusting Δ= 1 [deg/FG] 0 Target duty( < 20% ) Target Lead angle Time 0.8s / 1.0s Positioning drive Sinusoidal drive Figure 34. Timing chart example: Positioning and Soft start www.onsemi.com 20 LV8811G, LV8813G PWM FG U out Current of U-out Input PWM duty-cycle 18% Input PWM duty-cycle 50% Figure 35. Alignment and Soft start (Case of the LV8811G) www.onsemi.com 21 LV8811G, LV8813G DUTY CYCLE DECREASING AND STOP When input PWM duty cycle is changed from high to low, the output duty cycle decreases gradually to low with the Input duty [%] decrement slope of 26[%/s]. The target duty cycle is always updated at positive edge of FG. (Figure 36) 80% 20% 60% 0% Output duty [%] 80% LV8813G 80% 60% 60% Δ= 26[%/sec] Alignment tarm 20% 20% LV8811G Time [sec] 0.8s / 1.0s 0 Input PWM duty 80% 20% FG pulse Target PWM duty 80% 20% Figure 36. Timing chart example: When PWM Duty cycle changed (80% -> 20% -> 60% -> 0%) PWM 80% 20% 50% 0% FG U-Out Current of U-Out Figure 37. Input duty cycle changing (Case of the LV8811G) www.onsemi.com 22 LV8811G, LV8813G OUTPUT FREQUENCY When input PWM duty cycle is 100%, the output frequency is 66kHz generated from the internal oscillator. When input PWM duty cycle is changed from 100% to low (e.g. 50% with 30kHz), output frequency is changed Input duty [%] Output duty [%] Input frequency [kHz] from 66kHz to input PWM frequency (this case is 30kHz). When input PWM duty cycle is changed to 100% again, output frequency will remain last input frequency (this case is 30kHz). (Figure 38) 100% 50% 100% (DC) 30kHz (DC) 100% 100% Alignment tarm LV8813G 100% LV8811G 50% 50% 25% 20% 15% Time 66kHz (Initial freq) Output frequency [kHz] 30kHz 30kHz Figure 38. Timing chart example: Output frequency changing PROTECTIONS When THP (Thermal Protection) or CLM (Current Limiter) is detected, the output duty cycle decreases to the minimum duty cycle rapidly. After exiting the protection mode, the output duty cycle increases with 26[%/s] slope. When OVP(Over Voltage Protection) or LVD(Low Voltage Detection) signal is detected, all outputs are turned off. After OVP and LVD are released, outputs are turned on. (Figure 39) When the current limiter is detected, the output duty cycle may be restricted before achieving target duty cycle. The output duty cycle decreases immediately by the current limiter. The current limiter is release, because the output duty cycle decreases. Herewith, the output duty cycle increases to the target duty cycle. And the current limiter is detected again, and the output duty cycle decreases. On/off of the current limiter is repeated, and the output duty cycle is limited. When the PWM input changes to low duty cycle that release CLM, the output duty cycle decreases gradually with normal slope rate of 26[%/s]. (Figure 40) When current limiter activates with 100% input duty cycle, the output duty cycle is restricted before achieving target duty cycle (100%). When the PWM input changes from less than low duty cycle, the output duty cycle decreases to the input duty cycle immediately without slope rate. (Figure 41) The level of current limiter is adjustable using the value of RF resistor. The value of RF resistor should be set higher than the current drawn at 100% input duty cycle. Lock detection and Lock protection [LV8811G] It takes 5.68s for Lock protection time. Lock start time is 1.12s. This equals to the total of lock detect time and the alignment time. The protection-start time ratio is approx. 1:5. Output under lock protection is in Hi-Z state. (Figure 43) [LV8813G] The lock protection behavior is same as LV8811G. However, the release time and restart time are changed as follows: Lock protection time: 5.23s Lock start time: 1.76s Protection-start ratio: approx. 1:3 (Figure 44) When the lock start time, heat is generated that because IC turned on electricity to the motor. On the other, when the lock protection time, radiated heat that because IC turned off electricity to the motor. Output duty [%] 80% 20% Input duty 80% 20% THP or CLM OVP LVD Figure 39. Timing chart example: Protections www.onsemi.com 23 PWM OFF PWM OFF 50% 50% Time LV8811G, LV8813G Input duty [%] Input frequency [kHz] 80% 50% 30kHz 30kHz Output duty [%] LV8813G 80% Target 80% Alignment term 20% 25% Limit Duty LV8811G 50% 15% Time 30kHz Output frequency [kHz] 30kHz CLM (Current limitter) *In the case of LV8811G Figure 40. Timing chart example: Normal current limiter (e.g. input duty cycle 80% -> 50%) Input duty [%] Output duty [%] Input frequency [kHz] 100% 50% (DC) 30kHz LV8813G 100% Target 100% Alignment term 20% Limit Duty LV8811G 50% 25% 15% Time 66kHz (Initial) Output frequency [kHz] 30kHz CLM (Current limitter) *In the case of LV8811G Figure 41. Timing chart example: Current limiter at input duty cycle 100% PWM 100% Duty 50% Duty 100% Duty 50% Duty FG U-Out Current of U-Out CLM ON at PWM duty-cycle 100% CLM OFF at PWM duty-cycle 100% Figure 42. Inputting 100% with and without CLM (Case of the LV8811G) www.onsemi.com 24 LV8811G, LV8813G 0.80s 0.32s Alignment Drive Lock Detect 5.68s Lock Protect Lock start time 1.12sec ( Hi-Z state ) Lock protection time 5.68sec 0.80s 0.32s Alignment Drive Lock Detect Time [sec] Lock start time 1.12sec Lock start time : Lock protection time = 1.12 : 5.68 ≈ 1: 5 (Protection-start ratio) Figure 43. Timing chart example: Lock Protection for LV8811G 1.00s 0.76s Alignment Drive 5.23s Lock Detect Lock Protect Lock start time 1.76sec ( Hi-Z state ) Lock protection time 5.23sec 1.00s 0.76s Alignment Drive Lock Detect Lock start time 1.76sec Lock start time : Lock protection time = 1.76 : 5.23 ≈ 1: 3 (Protection-start ratio) Figure 44. Timing chart example: Lock Protection for LV8813G PWM FG Lock protect Alignment & Lock detect U-Out Lock protect Current of U-Out Re-start Figure 45. Lock Protection (Case of the LV8811G) www.onsemi.com 25 Time [sec] LV8811G, LV8813G PWM DUTY CYCLE CONTROL BY ANALOG VOLTAGE The duty cycle of PWM output is determined by comparison of CPWM oscillation and DC level which is input to VTH pin. When CPWM level is lower than VTH, the PWM output applies the voltage to the coil from the power supply. When CPWM level is higher than VTH, the PWM output is switched to the current circulation state with self-induction of the coil. The DC level of VTH can control between VREG×18% and VREG×67%. But the PWM pulse width must not make less than 200ns. The pulse width of 0s is accepted. (Figure 46) VTH VREG x 67% CPWM VREG x 18% PWM The pulse width 200ns and more. The pulse width 200ns and more. Controllable duty by VHT input Fixed duty by MDS setting Figure 46. PWM Duty cycle control by CPWM and the VTH voltage The relations of VVTH and output PWM duty cycle are clculated by following equation. VVTH = VCPWMH − (VCPWMH − VCPWML ) × Where DOUT = Output PWM duty cycle DOUT 100 h′ = For example, when the output PWM duty cycle is set in 30%, it can be determined by follows. VVTH = 2.01[V] − (2.01[V] − 0.54[V]) × = 1.569[V] The input range of VTH is calculated in the following equation. (Figure 47) 30[%] 100 t′ ×h t VTH control range[V] = 0.18VREG + h′ ~ 0.67VREG − h′ Where, h = VCPWMH [V] − VCPWML [V] t= When the output PWM duty cycle is set in 100%, it is recommended to set the VTH input level lower than VCPWML. In addition, when the output PWM duty cycle is set in 0%, it is recommended to set the VTH input level higher than VCPWMH. (VCPWMH −VCPWML)[V]×C5 [pF] ICPWMSI/O [A] t ′ = 200ns ÷ 2 = 100ns *C5 is the CPWM pin external capacity. Refer to page.5 and 17 For example, when 330[pF] is used for CPWM capacity, can be determined by followings 0.1[us] h′ = × 1.47[V] = 8.79[mV] 16.73[us] From the above-mentioned result, the range of the VTH input voltage is ∙Full speed 0.18VREG or less than, ∙ Rotational speed control 0.18VREG+8.79[mV] to 0.67VREG-8.79[mV], ∙ Motor stop 0.67VREG or more than www.onsemi.com 26 LV8811G, LV8813G A CPWM h' VTH h D Ө ∆ABC ~ ∆ADE BC : DE = AC : AE h' E h → t : t' = h : h' t' ∴ h' = × h t t PWM B 2t' Ө Pulse width(200ns and more) t t' C Figure 47. Reference of the calculation of the VTH input range www.onsemi.com 27 LV8811G, LV8813G PARAMETER SETTING BY CONSTANT VOLTAGE PH1, PH2 and MDS can be set by the external DC voltage levels. PH1 and PH2 are used for setting the lead angle. MDS is for setting minimum duty cycle. The input span of these pins is 0 to 3V (VREG). The full scale is divided by 64 steps, thus the resolution is 47mV/step. Excluding the lowest 3 steps and the highest 2 steps, the DC voltage is translated to the parameters linearly. Hence, the linear setting range is 0.141V to 2.906V. The voltage within the lowest 3 steps (0 to 0.141V) selects the default value. As for the highest 2 steps is below. MIN SET 0.141V 3/64 x VREG 0V VPH1[V] VPH2[V] VMDS[V] MDS •Lowest 3 steps is FG cycle 1 electrical, and default setting for MDS. •Highest 2 steps is FG cycle 2 electrical, and default setting for MDS. PH1/PH2 •Highest 2 steps is prohibit. (Figure 48) 1.0V 2.0V 1/3 VREG 2/3 VREG MAX SET 2.906V 62/64 x VREG 3.0V VREG 64 step 3 step 2 step Default setup Prohibit Adjustable range (60 step) PH1 Lead angle axis intercepts[deg] -30deg 0deg 15deg 30deg 60deg 15deg PH2 Lead angle gradients[deg/Hz] (Lead angle vs FG frequency) 0.15deg/Hz 0deg/Hz 0.15deg/Hz 0.3deg/Hz FG freq 1/2 14% Enable 4% 6% 14% 26% 34% 48% Hys 6% 1% 4% 6% 6% 6% 6% Disable 8% 3% 2% 8% 20% 28% 42% MDS Minimum input duty [%] Figure 48. Pin-set PH1, PH2 and MDS www.onsemi.com 28 14 8% LV8811G, LV8813G SETTING MINIMUM PWM DUTY CYCLE When the input PWM duty cycle is less than the minimum duty cycle, which is set by MDS pin voltage, the output duty cycle becomes 0%. And, this threshold has hysteresis. In the meantime, MDS pin is also used for the FG frequency setting. (Figure 49, Figure 50) 0~0.141 0.141~ 0.282 0.282~ 0.752 0.752~ 2.906 Minimum input duty cycle hysteresis [%] 6 1 4 6 Minimum input duty cycle for enable [%] 14 Minimum input duty cycle for disable [%] 8 VMDS range [V] 6 15.9𝑉𝑉𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 1.763 14 15.9𝑉𝑉𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 1.763 − ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 FG cycle 8 1 electrical 2 electrical Output Duty Default setting 100% <EXAMPLE> Disable 8% Enable 14% MDS 48% VREG MDS VMDS VMDS 47k 47k 14% *FG cycle 8% 0% = 2 electrical VMDS[V] 0V Ajustment Range 141mV (4%) 2.906V (48%) VREG(3.0V) Figure 49. Example Setting Minimum PWM duty cycle (case of default setting) Output Duty 100% VREG <EXAMPLE> Disable 20% Enable 26% RMDS_A 47k MDS 48% VMDS RMDS_B 47k 26% VMDS = VREG * (RMDS_ B / (RMDS_ A + RMDS_ B)) = 1/2 VREG 20% 0% 0V 141mV (4%) VMDS[V] Ajustment Range 2.906V (48%) VREG(3.0V) Figure 50. Example Setting Minimum PWM duty cycle (case of 1/2 VREG setting) www.onsemi.com 29 2.906 ~ 3.0 LV8811G, LV8813G SETTING LEAD ANGLE where 𝑓𝑓𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 is FG frequency [Hz] when VPH1 and 𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃2 = 0 𝐴𝐴 = 0.15[deg/Hz] 𝐵𝐵 = 15[deg] Note: The equations above are based on the ideal case as a reference for the user application design. It must be readjusted by an experimental confirmation with the actual movement and the motor to be used. PH1 and PH2 pin determine the optimum lead angle for a specific speed range. PH1 provides lead angle at the low speed, The PH2 pin provides lead angle slant for speed (FG frequency). Both pins become the initial value in GND. (Figure 51, Figure 52, Figure 53) The lead angle P (typ.) is determined by the following equation. 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 + 𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴 = 0.1081𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃2 − 0.015 𝐵𝐵 = 32.54𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃1 − 34.58 Lead Angle[deg] VPH1[V] MAX 120deg Lead Angle = A x fFG + B A : Tuned from VPH2 B : Tuned from VPH1 <EXAMPLE (4-pole motor)> Default setup 30Hz(450rpm) 20deg 100Hz(3000rpm) 30deg 200Hz(6000rpm) 45deg VPH1 = MAX VPH2 = MAX Default VPH1 = 0V VPH2 = 0V 60deg VPH1 = MAX VPH2 = MIN VREG (100Hz, 30deg) 15deg VPH1 MIN -30deg VPH2 47k FG Frequency[Hz] VPH1 = MIN VPH2 = MIN 0V PH2 PH1 VPH1 = MIN VPH2 = MAX 1/2 VREG Default setup 47k 400Hz 20step Figure 51. Example Setting Lead Angle (case of default setting) Lead Angle[deg] VPH1[V] <EXAMPLE (4-pole motor)> Adjustment setup 30Hz(450rpm) 0deg 100Hz(3000rpm) 22deg 200Hz(6000rpm) 47deg VPH1 = MAX VPH2 = MAX 120deg VPH1 = 1V VPH2 = 2.4V 60deg VPH1 = MAX VPH2 = MIN VREG (100Hz, 22deg) 0deg -30deg VREG Fixed from VPH2= 4/5 x VREG VREG RPH1_A 30k PH1 VPH1 RPH2_A 11k PH2 RPH1_B 15k 1/3 VREG VPH1 = MIN VPH2 = MIN 0V 20step FG Frequency[Hz] 400Hz RPH2_B 43k VPH1 = VREG * (RPH1_B / (RPH1_A + RPH1_B)) = 1/3 VREG VPH2 = VREG * (RPH2_B / (RPH2_A + RPH2_B)) = 4/5 VREG Figure 52. Example Setting Lead Angle (case of 1/3VREG and 4/5VREG setting) www.onsemi.com 30 VPH2 LV8811G, LV8813G Sinusoidal PWM signals are generated from 1-hall signal, handling the lead angle parameters. IN1 + IN1 IN1 L hall comparator L H L H H L L L H H H Lead angle FG Max UO 0% Max VO 0% Max WO 0% Figure 53. Timing chart example: Lead Angle Efficiency and sinusoidal waveform can be optimized by changing the voltage levels of PH1 and PH2. First, adjust PH1 in low speed (low PWM duty cycle) such as 20%. In the examples below, VPH1 = ~1.5V is the best case for efficiency and the shape of sinusoidal wave. After optimizing VPH1, adjust VPH2 adjusted in high speed (high PWM duty cycle) such as 100%. (Figure 54) PWM FG U-Out Current of U-Out Input PWM duty-cycle 20%, VPH1 = 0.3V Input PWM duty-cycle 20%, VPH1 = 1.5V PWM FG U-Out Current of U-Out Input PWM duty-cycle 100%, VPH2 = 2.8V Figure 54. Relations of the lead angle and rotational speed, waveform and efficiency (Case of the LV8811G) www.onsemi.com 31 LV8811G, LV8813G PCB GUIDELINES VCC AND GROUND ROUTING RF ROUTING Make sure to short-circuit VCC line externally by a low impedance route on one side of PCB. As high current flows into PGND, connect it to GND through a low impedance route. The capacitance connected between the VCC pin and the opposite ground is to stabilize the battery. Make sure to connect an electrolytic capacitor with capacitance value of about 10uF (3.3uF or greater) to eliminate low frequency noise. Also, to eliminate high frequency noise, connect a capacitor of superior frequency characteristics, with capacitance value of about 0.1uF and make sure that the capacitor is connected as close to the pin as possible. Allow enough room in the design so the impact of PWM drive and kick-back does not affect other components. Especially, when the coil inductance is large and/or the coil resistance is small, current ripple will rise so it is necessary to use a high-capacity capacitor with superior frequency characteristics. Please note that if the battery voltage rises due to the impact of the coil kick-back as a result of the use of diode for preventing the break down caused by reverse connection, it is necessary to either increase the capacitance value or place Zener diode between the battery and the ground so that the voltage does not exceed absolute maximum voltage. When the electrolytic capacitor cannot be used, add the resistor with the value of about 1Ω (R20) and a ceramic capacitor with the capacitor value of about 10μF (C20) in series for the alternative use. When the battery line is extended, (20-30 cm to 2-3 m), the battery voltage may overshoot when the power is supplied due to the impact of the routing of the inductance. Make sure that the voltage does not exceed the absolute maximum standard voltage when the power supply turns on. These capacitance values are just for reference, so the confirmation with the actual application is essential to determine the values appropriately. Power current (output current) flows through the RF line. Make sure to short-circuit the line from VCC through RF as well as VCC. The RF resistance must choose the enough power rating. EXPOSED PAD The exposed pad is connected to the frame of the LV8811G, LV8813G. Therefore, do not connect it to anywhere else other than ground. If GND and PGND are in the same plane, connect the exposed pad to the ground plane. Else, if GND and PGND are separated, connect the exposed pad to GND. NC PIN UTILIZATION NC pins are not connected internally inside the LV8811G, LV8813G. If the NC pin has to be connected to another pin for the development of the PCB board, make sure to assign the pin using wires of stable voltage and current with lower impedance value. MOTOR DRIVER OUTPUT PINS Since the pins have to tolerate surge of current, make sure that the wires are thick and short enough when designing the PCB board. THERMAL TEST CONDITIONS Size: 57.0mm × 57.0mm × 1.6mm (Double layer PCB) Material: Glass epoxy Copper wiring density: L1 = 80% / L2 = 85% RECOMMENDATION The thermal data provided is for the thermal test condition where 95% or more of the exposed die pad is soldered. It is recommended to derate critical rating parameters for a safe design. Electrical parameters that are recommended to be derated are operating voltage, operating current, junction temperature, and device power dissipation. The recommended derating for a safe design is as shown below: Maximum 80% or less for operating voltage Maximum 80% or less for operating current Maximum 80% or less for junction temperature Check solder joints and verify reliability of solder joints for critical areas such as exposed die pad, power pins and grounds. Any void or deterioration, if observed, in solder joint of these critical areas parts, may cause deterioration in thermal conduction and that may lead to thermal destruction of the device. www.onsemi.com 32 LV8811G, LV8813G L1 : Copper wiring pattern diagram (top) L2 : Copper wiring pattern diagram (bottom) Figure 55. Pattern Diagram of Top and Bottom Layer www.onsemi.com 33 LV8811G, LV8813G PACKAGE DIMENSIONS www.onsemi.com 34 LV8811G, LV8813G ON Semiconductor and the ON Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent-Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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